1
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Reddy KJ, Kuilya TK, Cha JK. Acyclic Remote 1,6-Stereoselection. Org Lett 2022; 24:6252-6255. [PMID: 35994389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical communication in homopropargylation and homoallylation of aldehydes was achieved by the Ti-O temporary linker strategy. Propargylic and allylic alcohol derivatives were employed as convenient pronucleophiles, obviating prefabrication of propargylation/allylation reagents. It was surprising that 1,6-diastereoselectivity was affected by not only the Grignard reagent but also the reaction solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Janardhan Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tapan Kumar Kuilya
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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2
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Wang X, Zeng X, Lin Q, Li M, Walsh PJ, Chruma JJ. Palladium‐Catalysed Decarboxylative Generation and Regiodivergent Prenylation of 2‐Azaallyl Anions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Science & Technology Sichuan University No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Science & Technology Sichuan University No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Science & Technology Sichuan University No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
| | - Jason J. Chruma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology (MOE), College of Chemistry and Sino-British Materials Research Institute, College of Physical Science & Technology Sichuan University No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu Sichuan 610064 People's Republic of China
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3
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Coffinet M, Behr JB, Jaroschik F, Harakat D, Vasse JL. Single or Synergistic Kinetic Resolutions of Chiral Allylalanes: Two Complementary Routes for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Syn Homoallylamines. Org Lett 2017; 19:6728-6731. [PMID: 29210269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two strategies based on kinetic resolution(s) of chiral alanes and providing enantioenriched syn homoallylamines are reported. The first implies a single kinetic resolution of the alane using camphor; the second requires two sequential kinetic resolutions using the synergistic combination of (-)-camphor/(R)-tert-butylsulfinamide-derived imines. This syn selectivity, specific to the use of allyaluminum, opens the way to the preparation of valuable building blocks as illustrated by the synthesis of (+)-epilupinamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Coffinet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims , Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims , Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims , Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims , Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 7312) and Université de Reims , Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
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4
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Bahou KA, Braddock DC, Meyer AG, Savage GP. Kinetic Benchmarking Reveals the Competence of Prenyl Groups in Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2017; 19:5332-5335. [PMID: 28933551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of prenyl-containing malonates are kinetically benchmarked against the standard allyl-containing congeners using a ruthenium benzylidene precatalyst for ring-closing metatheses. The prenyl grouping is found to be a superior acceptor olefin compared to an allyl group in RCM processes with ruthenium alkylidenes derived from terminal alkenes. The prenyl group is also found to be a highly competent acceptor for a ruthenium alkylidene derived from a 1,1-disubstituted olefin in a RCM process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - D Christopher Braddock
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Adam G Meyer
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South VIC 3169, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South VIC 3169, Australia
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5
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Ernouf G, Brayer JL, Folléas B, Demoute JP, Meyer C, Cossy J. Synthesis of Alkylidene(gem-Difluorocyclopropanes) from Propargyl Glycolates by a One-Pot Difluorocyclopropenation/Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement Sequence. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3965-3975. [PMID: 28277662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ernouf
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry,
Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Benoît Folléas
- Diverchim, 6 rue du
Noyer, ZAC du Moulin, 95734 Roissy CDG, France
| | | | - Christophe Meyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry,
Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry,
Biology and Innovation (CBI), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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6
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O'Rourke NF, Kier MJ, Micalizio GC. Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling in Natural Product Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:7093-7123. [PMID: 27765997 PMCID: PMC5067085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha F O'Rourke
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Matthew J Kier
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C Micalizio
- Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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7
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Liu RY, Yang Y, Buchwald SL. Regiodivergent and Diastereoselective CuH-Catalyzed Allylation of Imines with Terminal Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14077-14080. [PMID: 27723269 PMCID: PMC5198719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed, chemoselective hydrometalation process enables the use of simple allenes as allylmetal nucleophile surrogates in imine allylation reactions. By modulating the nitrogen-protecting group, either highly branched- or linear-selective addition can be achieved from the same allene. Both reactions exhibit excellent diastereoselectivity and broad functional-group tolerance. Preliminary results indicate that good enantioselectivity can also be achieved in the linear-selective reaction. Finally, a mechanistic model for the regiodivergence is proposed on the basis of density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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8
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Liu RY, Yang Y, Buchwald SL. Regiodivergent and Diastereoselective CuH-Catalyzed Allylation of Imines with Terminal Allenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y. Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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9
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van der Mei FW, Miyamoto H, Silverio DL, Hoveyda AH. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Borotropic Shifts in the Design of Diastereo- and Enantioselective γ-Additions of Allylboron Moieties to Aldimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4701-6. [PMID: 26961497 PMCID: PMC4973465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic allylboron additions to aldimines are presented for which small amounts of Zn(OMe)2 serve as the co-catalyst to accelerate allyl exchange and 1,3-borotropic shift processes. Low-yielding and moderately α- and diastereoselective reactions are thus turned into highly efficient γ-, diastereo-, and enantioselective transformations that exhibit considerable scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid W van der Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Daniel L Silverio
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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10
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van der Mei FW, Miyamoto H, Silverio DL, Hoveyda AH. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Borotropic Shifts in the Design of Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective γ‐Additions of Allylboron Moieties to Aldimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid W. van der Mei
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Daniel L. Silverio
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
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11
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Roth T, Wadepohl H, Clot E, Gade LH. Azaphilic versus Carbophilic Coupling at C=N Bonds: Key Steps in Titanium-Assisted Multicomponent Reactions. Chemistry 2015; 21:18730-8. [PMID: 26542982 PMCID: PMC4832833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive C- and N-arylation of N-heterocyclic nitriles is mediated by titanium(IV) alkoxides. The carbo- and azaphilic arylation step may be separated by choosing the order in which the two equivalents of aryl transfer reagent are added. In the course of this transformation, the ancillary N-heterocycle acts as both a directing anchor group and electron reservoir. In the selectivity-determining step, the selectivity is governed by a choice between (direct) C- and Ti-arylation; the latter opens up a reaction pathway that allows further migration to the nitrogen atom. The isolation of metal-containing aggregates from the reaction mixture and computational studies gave insights into the reaction mechanism. Subsequently, a multicomponent one-pot protocol was devised to rapidly access complex quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Roth
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier (France).
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany).
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12
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Yu X, Guttenberger N, Fuchs E, Peters M, Weber H, Breinbauer R. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Library of Star-Shaped 2H-Imidazolines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:682-90. [PMID: 26402035 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A library of star-shaped 2H-imidazolines has been synthesized via Debus-Radziszewski condensation from 1,2-diketones and ketone starting materials. Selective reduction of one imine group of the 2H-imidazole intermediate with LiAlH4 or catalytic flow hydrogenation furnished 2H-imidazolines, which could be conveniently diversified by reacting the amine N with electrophiles, resulting in a set of 21 amide-, carbamate-, urea-, and allylamine-containing products. In total, five points of diversification could be used, which allow the production of a set of functionally diverse compounds. The synthesis of acylated 2H-imidazolidines resulted in intrinsically labile compounds, which spontaneously degraded to acyclic derivatives, as shown for the reaction of 2H-imidazolidine with hexylisocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepu Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Peters
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Durán-Peña MJ, Botubol-Ares JM, Hanson JR, Hernández-Galán R, Collado IG. Titanium carbenoid-mediated cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols: selectivity and mechanism. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6325-32. [PMID: 25968250 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00544b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the chemo- and stereoselective conversion of allylic alcohols into the corresponding cyclopropane derivatives has been developed. The cyclopropanation reaction was carried out with an unprecedented titanium carbenoid generated in situ from Nugent's reagent, manganese and methylene diiodide. The reaction involving the participation of an allylic hydroxyl group, proceeded with conservation of the alkene geometry and in a high diastereomeric excess. The scope, limitations and mechanism of this metal-catalysed reaction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Durán-Peña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre sur, 4° planta, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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14
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Barros OSDR, Sirvent JA, Foubelo F, Yus M. Diastereoselective allylation and crotylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:6898-901. [PMID: 24841775 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylation of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines with allylic alcohols in the presence of InI as reducing reagent takes place with high diastereoselectivity in reasonable yields. The reaction with crotyl alcohol is totally regioselective, leading to the anti-diastereomer as the main reaction product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Soares do Rego Barros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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15
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Micalizio GC, Hale SB. Reaction design, discovery, and development as a foundation to function-oriented synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:663-73. [PMID: 25668752 DOI: 10.1021/ar500408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Convergent C-C bond-forming reactions define the fabric of organic synthesis and, when applied in complex molecule synthesis, can have a profound impact on efficiency by decreasing the longest linear sequence of transformations required to convert simple starting materials to complex targets. Despite their well-appreciated strategic significance, campaigns in natural product synthesis typically embrace only a small suite of reactivity to achieve such bond construction (i.e., nucleophilic addition to polarized π-bonds, nucleophilic substitution, cycloaddition, and metal-catalyzed "cross-coupling"), therefore limiting the sites at which convergent coupling chemistry can be strategically employed. In our opinion, it is far too often that triumphs in the field are defined by chemical sequences that do not address the challenges associated with discovery, development, and production of natural product-inspired agents. We speculated that advancing an area of chemical reactivity not represented in the few well-established strategies for convergent C-C bond formation may lead to powerful new retrosynthetic relationships that could simplify approaches to the syntheses of a variety of different classes of natural products. Our studies ultimately embraced the pursuit of strategies to control the course of metallacycle-mediated "cross-coupling" between substrates containing sites of simple π-unsaturation (ubiquitous functionality in organic chemistry including alkenes, alkynes, allenes, aldehydes, and imines, among others). In just eight years since our initial publication in this area, we have defined over 20 stereoselective intermolecular C-C bond-forming reactions that provide access to structural motifs of relevance for the synthesis of polyketides, fatty acids, alkaloids, and terpenes, while doing so in a direct and stereoselective fashion. These achievements continue to serve as the foundation of my group's activity in natural product and function-oriented synthesis, where our achievements in reaction development are challenged in the context of complex targets. Among our early efforts, we achieved the most concise synthesis of a benzoquinone ansamycin ever described (macbecin I), and moved beyond this achievement to explore the role of our chemistry in function-oriented synthesis targeting the discovery of natural product-inspired Hsp90 inhibitors. These later efforts have led to the discovery of a uniquely selective benzoquinone ansamycin-inspired Hsp90 inhibitor that lacks the problematic quinone present in the natural series. This achievement was made possible by a concise chemical synthesis pathway that had at its core the application of metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry,
Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sarah B. Hale
- Department of Chemistry,
Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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16
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Loose F, Plettenberg I, Haase D, Saak W, Schmidtmann M, Schäfer A, Müller T, Beckhaus R. Aromatic Imines in the Titanocene Coordination Sphere—Titanaaziridine vs 1-Aza-2-titanacyclopent-4-ene Structures. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500750y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Loose
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inka Plettenberg
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Detlev Haase
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saak
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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17
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Lang S, Locascio TM, Tunge JA. Activation of alcohols with carbon dioxide: intermolecular allylation of weakly acidic pronucleophiles. Org Lett 2014; 16:4308-11. [PMID: 25089846 PMCID: PMC4136682 DOI: 10.1021/ol502023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct coupling of allyl alcohols with nitroalkanes, nitriles, and aldehydes using catalytic Pd(PPh3)4 has been accomplished via activation of C-OH bonds with CO2. The in situ formation of carbonates from alcohols and CO2 facilitates oxidative addition to Pd to form reactive π-allylpalladium intermediates. In addition, the formation of a strong base activates nucleophiles toward the reaction with the π-allylpalladium electrophile. Overall, this atom economical reaction provides a new C-C bond without the use of an external base and generates water as the only byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
B. Lang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall
Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- The KU
Center
For Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, The University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, LSRL Building A, Suite 110, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Theresa M. Locascio
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall
Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- The KU
Center
For Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis, The University of Kansas, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, LSRL Building A, Suite 110, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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18
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Yang D, Micalizio GC. Stereochemical lability of azatitanacyclopropanes: dynamic kinetic resolution in reductive cross-coupling reactions with allylic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8857-9. [PMID: 23963189 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45607b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azatitanacyclopropanes (titanaziridines) are shown to be stereochemically labile under reaction conditions for reductive cross-coupling. This fundamental property has been employed to realize highly selective asymmetric coupling reactions with allylic alcohols that proceed by dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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19
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Mann TJ, Speed AWH, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. CatalyticZ-Selective Cross-Metathesis with Secondary Silyl- and Benzyl-Protected Allylic Ethers: Mechanistic Aspects and Applications to Natural Product Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Mann TJ, Speed AWH, Schrock RR, Hoveyda AH. Catalytic Z-selective cross-metathesis with secondary silyl- and benzyl-protected allylic ethers: mechanistic aspects and applications to natural product synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8395-400. [PMID: 23794384 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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21
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Yus M, González-Gómez JC, Foubelo F. Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5595-698. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - José C. González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
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22
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Li L, Kristian KE, Han A, Norton JR, Sattler W. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Reactivity of Cp2- and (CpMe)2-Ligated Titanaaziridines and Titanaoxiranes with Fast Enantiomer Interconversion Rates. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300825n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Kristian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arthur Han
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R. Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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23
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Yang D, Micalizio GC. Synthesis of alkaloid (-)-205B via stereoselective reductive cross-coupling and intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15237-40. [PMID: 22957796 DOI: 10.1021/ja306362m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of alkaloid (-)-205B, a tricyclic member of the architecturally diverse family of natural products isolated from the skin of neotropical poison frogs, is described that proceeds through two recently developed stereoselective synthetic methods: (1) Ti-mediated allylic alcohol-imine reductive cross-coupling and (2) intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of a glyoxylate-based homoallylic nitrone. The utility of this latter cycloaddition process for the assembly of the stereochemically dense piperidine core of 205B is noteworthy, as this method enables direct [3+2] cycloaddition of an intermediate homoallylic (E)-nitrone via a pathway that is stereochemically unscathed by competitive [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement processes. Overall, the synthesis is asymmetric, concise, and highly stereoselective-features which point to the potential future utility of these chemical methods in natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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24
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Dobmeier M, Herrmann JM, Lenoir D, König B. Reduction of benzylic alcohols and α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds by hydriodic acid in a biphasic reaction medium. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:330-6. [PMID: 22423302 PMCID: PMC3302097 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic protocol for the reduction of alcohols to hydrocarbons by using hydriodic acid, first described by Kiliani more than 140 years ago, was improved to be more applicable to organic synthesis. Instead of a strongly acidic, aqueous solution, a biphasic toluene–water reaction medium was used, which allowed the conversion of primary, secondary and tertiary benzylic alcohols, in good yields and short reaction times, into the corresponding hydrocarbons. Red phosphorous was used as the stoichiometric reducing agent. Keto, ester, amide or ether groups are tolerated, and catalytic amounts of hydriodic acid (0.2 equiv) in the presence of 0.6 equiv phosphorous are sufficient to achieve conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dobmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Yang D, Micalizio GC. Convergent and stereodivergent synthesis of complex 1-aza-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9216-9. [PMID: 21604673 DOI: 10.1021/ja202900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent and stereodivergent pathway to highly substituted 1-aza-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes is described. It begins with a coupling reaction involving allylic alcohol, aldehyde, and LiHMDS to produce stereodefined primary homoallylic amines. Subsequent N-oxidation and condensation with formaldehyde or glyoxylate defines a convenient entry to densely functionalized homoallylic nitrones whose intramolecular annulation can be controlled to deliver one of two distinct heterocyclic skeletons, each with ≥20:1 stereoselection. Control of the stereochemistry in these reactions results from both control of the nitrone geometry and selective partitioning of the reaction pathway between direct [3 + 2] cycloaddition and tandem [3,3] rearrangement/[3 + 2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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26
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Generation of quaternary centers by reductive cross-coupling: shifting of regioselectivity in a subset of allylic alcohol-based coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:2144-2147. [PMID: 21666832 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective titanium alkoxide-mediated reductive cross-coupling reactions of allylic alcohols with vinylsilanes and imines have previously been demonstrated to proceed with allylic transposition by formal metallo-[3,3]-rearrangement [thought to proceed by a sequence of: 1) directed carbometalation, and 2) syn-elimination]. While many examples have been described that support this reaction path, a collection of substrates have recently been identified that react by way of an alternative pathway, delivering a concise convergent route to coupled products bearing a quaternary center.
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27
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Reichard HA, Micalizio GC. Metallacycle-Mediated Cross-Coupling with Substituted and Electronically Unactivated Alkenes. Chem Sci 2011; 4:573-589. [PMID: 21436986 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective surveys the history of- and recent advances in- metallacycle-mediated coupling chemistry of substituted alkenes. While the reaction of preformed metal-π complexes with ethylene was reported nearly 30 years ago, the generalization of this mode of bimolecular C-C bond formation to the regio- and stereoselective union of complex substrates has only recently begun to emerge. This perspective discusses early observations in this area, the challenges associated with controlling such processes, the evolution of a general strategy to overcome these challenges, and a summary of highly regio- and stereoselective convergent coupling reactions that are currently available by metallacycle-mediated cross-coupling with substituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Reichard
- The Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute; Scripps-Florida, 130 Scripps Way #3A2, Jupiter, FL 33418, USA. ; Tel: 561 228 2463;
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28
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Chen MZ, McLaughlin M, Takahashi M, Tarselli MA, Yang D, Umemura S, Micalizio GC. Preparation of stereodefined homoallylic amines from the reductive cross-coupling of allylic alcohols with imines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8048-59. [PMID: 21069994 PMCID: PMC2993781 DOI: 10.1021/jo101535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective coupling reactions between imines and allylic alcohols have been developed. These coupling reactions deliver complex homoallylic amine products through a convergent C-C bond forming process that does not proceed through intermediate allylic organometallic reagents. In general, convergent coupling, by exposure of an allylic alkoxide to a preformed Ti-imine complex, occurs with allylic transposition in a predictable and stereocontrolled manner. While simple diastereoselection in these reactions is high, delivering anti-products with ≥20:1 selectivity, the organometallic transformation described is compatible with a diverse range of functionality and substrates (including aliphatic and aromatic imines, allylic silanes, trisubstituted alkenes, vinyl- and aryl halides, trifluoromethyl groups, thioethers, and aromatic heterocycles). Alkene geometry of the products is a complex function of the allylic alcohol structure and is consistent with a mechanistic proposal based on syn-carbometalation followed by syn-elimination by way of a boat-like transition state geometry. Single asymmetric coupling reactions provide a means to translate the stereochemical information of the allylic alcohol to the homoallylic amine or to control diastereoselection in the coupling reactions of achiral allylic alcohols with chiral imines. Double asymmetric coupling reactions are also described that afford a unique means to control stereoselection in these complex convergent coupling processes. Finally, empirical models are proposed that are consistent with the observed stereochemical course of these coupling reactions en route to chiral homoallylic amines possessing di- or trisubstituted alkenes and anti- or syn- relative stereochemistry at the allylic and homoallylic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. Chen
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology at The Scripps Research Institute
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29
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30
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Barlan AU, Micalizio GC. The regio- and stereochemical course of reductive cross-coupling reactions between 1,3-disubstituted allenes and vinylsilanes: Synthesis of ( Z)-dienes. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:4775-4783. [PMID: 24031099 PMCID: PMC3769195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In investigations aimed at exploring the potential of disubstituted allenes in stereoselective synthesis, we report studies that explore the reductive cross-coupling reaction of vinylsilanes with a range of substituted allenes. Regiochemical control is attained by employing allenic alkoxides, where the proximal heteroatom dictates the site-selectivity in a process that proceeds by net formal metallo-[3,3] rearrangement (directed carbometalation/elimination). Stereoselectivity in these reactions is complex, with both the nature of allene substitution and relative stereochemistry of the substrate impacting the stereoselective generation of each alkene of a substituted 1,3-diene. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan U Barlan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458
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31
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Qiao XC, Zhu SF, Chen WQ, Zhou QL. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric umpolung allylation of imines with allylic alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Reichard HA, McLaughlin M, Chen MZ, Micalizio GC. Regioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions of Unsymmetrical Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2010; 2010:391-409. [PMID: 24634606 PMCID: PMC3951371 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present microreview summarizes our progress over the last few years in defining regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of unsymmetrical alkynes with terminal- and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines. We begin with a brief historical perspective of metal-mediated reductive dimerization reactions of aromatic alkynes and discuss the challenges associated with "crossed" versions of this mode of reactivity. Next, a collection of available methods that allow for regioselective reductive cross-coupling of internal alkynes with terminal and internal alkynes, aldehydes, and imines is summarized. After an examination of the requirements for regioselectivity in these cases, the logic behind our design of alkoxide-directed titanium-mediated reductive cross-coupling reactions is presented. A nomenclature is introduced to delineate the presumed mechanistic origin of regioselection associated with each reaction design, and a presentation of alkoxide-directed regioselective reductive cross-coupling reactions of alkynes follows. Throughout, principal issues related to reactivity and selectivity are discussed to assess scope and limitations of available methods and to describe the broad challenges that exist for defining complex fragment union reactions based on reductive cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute Scripps-Florida 130 Scripps Way #3A2 Jupiter, FL 33458 Fax: (561) 228-3092
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33
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Tarselli MA, Micalizio GC. Aliphatic imines in titanium-mediated reductive cross-coupling: unique reactivity of Ti(O-i-Pr)4/n-BuLi. Org Lett 2009; 11:4596-9. [PMID: 19810765 DOI: 10.1021/ol901870n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the coupling of aliphatic imines with allylic and allenic alkoxides is described. The success of these studies was enabled by a unique reactivity profile of Ti(IV) isopropoxide/n-BuLi compared to well-known Ti(IV) isopropoxide/RMgX systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Tarselli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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34
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Yang D, Micalizio GC. A convergent stereoselective synthesis of quinolizidines and indolizidines: chemoselective coupling of 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted allylic silanes with imines. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17548-9. [PMID: 19950989 PMCID: PMC2818501 DOI: 10.1021/ja908504z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of stereodefined indolizidines and quinolizidines through chemoselective allyl transfer between 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted allylic silanes and imines is described. Overall, highly substituted heterocycles that contain three stereogenic centers and up to four fused rings can be accessed in two steps from relatively simple coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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35
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Lysenko IL, Lee HG, Cha JK. Stereoselective cross-coupling between allylic alcohols and aldimines. Org Lett 2009; 11:3132-4. [PMID: 19552387 PMCID: PMC2720054 DOI: 10.1021/ol901006c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A cross-coupling reaction between an allylic alcohol and an imine is described for stereoselective allylation of aromatic and aliphatic imines. This method provides operationally simple, enantioselective access to functionalized homoallylic amines. Particularly noteworthy is direct use of a functionalized allylic alcohol as an allylating reagent without prederivatization, which obviates the use of preformed organometallic reagents or activated imine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L. Lysenko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Hyung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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