1
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Clarke GE, Firth JD, Ledingham LA, Horbaczewskyj CS, Bourne RA, Bray JTW, Martin PL, Eastwood JB, Campbell R, Pagett A, MacQuarrie DJ, Slattery JM, Lynam JM, Whitwood AC, Milani J, Hart S, Wilson J, Fairlamb IJS. Deciphering complexity in Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3968. [PMID: 38729925 PMCID: PMC11087562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex reaction systems is critical in chemistry. While synthetic methods for selective formation of products are sought after, oftentimes it is the full reaction signature, i.e., complete profile of products/side-products, that informs mechanistic rationale and accelerates discovery chemistry. Here, we report a methodology using high-throughput experimentation and multivariate data analysis to examine the full signature of one of the most complicated chemical reactions catalyzed by palladium known in the chemical literature. A model Pd-catalyzed reaction was selected involving functionalization of 2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide and multiple bond activation pathways. Principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and heatmaps with hierarchical clustering reveal the factors contributing to the variance in product distributions and show associations between solvents and reaction products. Using robust data from experiments performed with eight solvents, for four different reaction times at five different temperatures, we correlate side-products to a major dominant N-phenyl phenanthridinone product, and many other side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James D Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry & School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joshua T W Bray
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Poppy L Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alex Pagett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - John M Slattery
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jessica Milani
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sam Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julie Wilson
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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2
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Li K, Kelly HR, Franco A, Batista VS, Baráth E. Dehydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkenones to Phenols and Ketones on Carbon-Supported Noble Metals. ACS Catal 2024; 14:2883-2896. [PMID: 38449532 PMCID: PMC10913045 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic dehydrogenation of substituted alkenones on noble metal catalysts supported on carbon (Pt/C, Pd/C, Rh/C, and Ru/C) was investigated in an organic phase under inert conditions. The dehydrogenation and semihydrogenation of the enone starting materials resulted in aromatic compounds (primary products), saturated cyclic ketones (secondary products), and cyclic alcohols (minor products). Pd/C exhibits the highest catalytic activity, followed by Pt/C and Rh/C. Aromatic compounds remain the primary products, even in the presence of hydrogen donors. Joint experimental and theoretical analyses showed that the four catalytic materials stabilize a common dienol intermediate on the metal surfaces, formed by keto-enol tautomerization. This intermediate subsequently forms aromatic products upon dehydrogenation. The binding orientation of the enone reactants on the catalytic surface is strongly metal-dependent, as the M-O bond distance changes substantially according to the metal. The longer M-O bonds (Pt: 2.84 Å > Pd: 2.23 Å > Rh: 2.17 Å > Ru: 2.07 Å) correlate with faster reaction rates and more favorable keto-enol tautomerization, as shorter distances correspond to a more stabilized starting material. Tautomerization is shown to occur via a stepwise surface-assisted pathway. Overall, each of the studied metals exhibits a distinct balance of enthalpy and entropy of activation (ΔH°‡, ΔS°‡), offering unique possibilities in the realm of enone dehydrogenation reactions that can be achieved by suitable selection of catalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
| | - H. Ray Kelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ana Franco
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse (e.V. LIKAT), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eszter Baráth
- Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching bei München D-85748, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse (e.V. LIKAT), Albert Einstein Str. 29a, Rostock D-18059, Germany
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3
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Halder R, Ma G, Rickmeier J, McDaniel JW, Petzold R, Neumann CN, Murphy JM, Ritter T. Deoxyfluorination of phenols for chemoselective 18F-labeling of peptides. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3614-3651. [PMID: 37853158 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of forming C-18F bonds is often a bottleneck in the development of new 18F-labeled tracer molecules for noninvasive functional imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET). Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is the most widely employed reaction to functionalize aromatic substrates with the radioactive fluorine-18 but its scope is restricted to arenes containing electron-withdrawing substituents. Furthermore, many protic functional groups are incompatible with basic fluoride anions. Peptide substrates, which are highly desirable targets for PET molecular imaging, are particularly challenging to label with fluorine-18 because they are densely functionalized and sensitive to high temperatures and basic conditions. To expand the utility of nucleophilic aromatic substitution with fluorine-18, we describe two complementary procedures for the radiodeoxyfluorination of bench-stable and easy-to-access phenols that ensure rapid access to densely functionalized electron-rich and electron-poor 18F-aryl fluorides. The first procedure details the synthesis of an 18F-synthon and its subsequent ligation to the cysteine residue of Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys in 10.5 h from commercially available starting materials (189-min radiosynthesis). The second procedure describes the incorporation of commercially available CpRu(Fmoc-tyrosine)OTf into a fully protected peptide Lys-Met-Glu-(CpRu-Tyr)-Leu via solid-phase peptide synthesis and subsequent ruthenium-mediated uronium deoxyfluorination with fluorine-18 followed by deprotection, accomplished within 7 d (116-min radiosynthesis). Both radiolabeling methods are highly chemoselective and have conveniently been automated using commercially available radiosynthesis equipment so that the procedures described can be employed for the synthesis of peptide-based PET probes for in vivo imaging studies according to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Halder
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gaoyuan Ma
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Strateos Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James W McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roland Petzold
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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4
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Wang J, Wang T, Du H, Chen N, Xu J, Yang Z. Accessing para-Alkylphenols via Iridium-Catalyzed Site-Specific Deoxygenation of Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12572-12584. [PMID: 37594916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed and phenol-directed deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols comes as an alternative access to 4-alkylphenols, featuring low catalyst loading (S/C up to 20,000, TOF up to 12,400 h-1), high functionality compatibility, and excellent site-selectivity. The applications in late-stage modification of steroids and gram-scale total synthesis of a Gastrodia elata extract are highlighted. Mechanistically, the intermediacy of quinone methide controls the site-selectivity, and the formation of iridium hydride serves as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Duff L, Meakin H, Richardson A, Greener AJ, Smith GWA, Ocaña I, Chechik V, James MJ. Denitrative Hydroxylation of Unactivated Nitroarenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203807. [PMID: 36594445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A one-step method for the conversion of nitroarenes into phenols under operationally simple, transition-metal-free conditions is described. This denitrative functionalization protocol provides a concise and economical alternative to conventional three-step synthetic sequences. Experimental and computational studies suggest that nitroarenes may be substituted by an electron-catalysed radical-nucleophilic substitution (SRN 1) chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Duff
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Harry Meakin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Greener
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - George W A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ivan Ocaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael J James
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Romero EO, Perkins JC, Burch JE, Delgadillo DA, Nelson HM, Narayan ARH. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (+)-Xyloketal B. Org Lett 2023; 25:1547-1552. [PMID: 36827601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Xyloketal B is a pentacyclic fungal marine natural product that has shown potential for the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric synthesis of this natural product, which relies on a chemoenzymatic strategy. This approach leverages a biocatalytic benzylic hydroxylation to access to an ortho-quinone methide intermediate which is captured in a [4 + 2] cycloaddition to stereoselectively yield a key cyclic ketal intermediate enroute to (+)-xyloketal B. The relative configuration of this intermediate was rapidly confirmed as the desired stereoisomer using MicroED. To complete the synthesis, a second ortho-quinone methide was accessed through a reductive approach, ultimately leading to the stereoselective synthesis of (+)-xyloketal B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan O Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jonathan C Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica E Burch
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David A Delgadillo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alison R H Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lamine W, Xu S, Li B, Chrostowska A, Miqueu K, Liu SY. Mechanism of Pd/Senphos-Catalyzed trans-Hydroboration of 1,3-Enynes: Experimental and Computational Evidence in Support of the Unusual Outer-Sphere Oxidative Addition Pathway. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2415-2424. [PMID: 36752741 PMCID: PMC10162691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the Pd/Senphos-catalyzed trans-hydroboration reaction of 1,3-enynes was investigated using various experimental techniques, including deuterium and double crossover labeling experiments, X-ray crystallographic characterization of model reaction intermediates, and reaction progress kinetic analysis. Our experimental data are in support of an unusual outer-sphere oxidative addition mechanism where the catecholborane serves as a suitable electrophile to activate the Pd0-bound 1,3-enyne substrate to form a Pd-η3-π-allyl species, which has been determined to be the likely resting state of the catalytic cycle. Double crossover labeling of the catecholborane points toward a second role played by the borane as a hydride delivery shuttle. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the rate-limiting transition state of the reaction is the hydride abstraction by the catecholborane shuttle, which is consistent with the experimentally determined rate law: rate = k[enyne]0[borane]1[catalyst]1. The computed activation free energy ΔG‡ = 17.7 kcal/mol and KIE (kH/kD = 1.3) are also in line with experimental observations. Overall, this work experimentally establishes Lewis acids such as catecholborane as viable electrophilic activators to engage in an outer-sphere oxidative addition reaction and points toward this underutilized mechanism as a general approach to activate unsaturated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Ziyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Walid Lamine
- E2S UPPA/CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Senmiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Anna Chrostowska
- E2S UPPA/CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- E2S UPPA/CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
- E2S UPPA/CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
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8
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Vachlioti E, Ferikoglou S, Georgiou X, Karampatsis V, Afratis K, Bafiti V, Savard M, Papaioannou D, Katsila T, Gobeil F, Rassias G. Development of a multigram synthesis of the bradykinin receptor 2 agonist FR-190997 and analogs thereof. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200610. [PMID: 36720040 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Using Fujisawa's B2R agonist FR-190997, we recently demonstrated for the first time that agonism at the bradykinin receptor type 2 (B2R) produces substantial antiproliferative effects. FR-190997 elicited an EC50 of 80 nM in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, a much superior performance to that exhibited by most approved breast cancer drugs. Consequently, we initiated a program aiming primarily at synthesizing adequate quantities of FR-190997 to support further in vitro and in vivo studies toward its repurposing for various cancers and, in parallel, enable the generation of novel FR-190997 analogs for an SAR study. Prerequisite for this endeavor was to address the synthetic challenges associated with the FR-190997 scaffold, which the Fujisawa chemists had constructed in 20 steps, 13 of which required chromatographic purification. We succeeded in developing a 17-step synthesis amenable to late-stage diversification that eliminated all chromatography and enabled access to multigram quantities of FR-190997 and novel derivatives thereof, supporting further anticancer research based on B2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Vachlioti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ferikoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
| | - Xenios Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
| | - Vasilios Karampatsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Afratis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
| | - Vivi Bafiti
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Savard
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Theodora Katsila
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gerasimos Rassias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rio University Campus, Patra, Greece
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9
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Shi J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Xu S, Wen T, Luo Y, Zhu Z, Chen X. Nucleophilic Dearomatization Strategy to Synthesize Disubstituted 3-Isoquinolinones under Transition Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13508-13516. [PMID: 35475618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a one-pot protocol for constructing the disubstituted isoquinolinone derivatives via the three-component reactions of 3-haloisoquinolines, alkyl halides, and indoles under transition-metal-free conditions is described. The reaction realized the trifunctionalization of isoquinoline via a dearomatization strategy, which displayed high chemical selectivity, excellent functional group tolerance, and a wide range of substrates, and is environmentally friendly. The three-component coupling involves the construction of new C-N, C═O, and C-C bonds in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Shi
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yantong Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Shengting Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tingting Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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10
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Ni P, Yang L, Shen Y, Zhang L, Ma Y, Sun M, Cheng R, Ye J. Synthesis of Phenols from Aryl Ammonium Salts under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12677-12687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pufan Ni
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueyue Ma
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maolin Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Norman JP, Larson NG, Neufeldt SR. Different Oxidative Addition Mechanisms for 12- and 14-Electron Palladium(0) Explain Ligand-Controlled Divergent Site Selectivity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8822-8828. [PMID: 37601556 PMCID: PMC10438894 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In cross-coupling reactions, dihaloheteroarenes are usually most reactive at C─halide bonds adjacent to a heteroatom. This selectivity has been previously rationalized. However, no mechanistic explanation exists for anomalous reports in which specific ligands effect inverted selectivity with dihalopyridines and -pyridazines. Here we provide evidence that these ligands uniquely promote oxidative addition at 12e- Pd(0). Computations indicate that 12e- and 14e- Pd(0) can favor different mechanisms for oxidative addition due to differences in their HOMO symmetries. These mechanisms are shown to lead to different site preferences, where 12e- Pd(0) can favor oxidative addition at an atypical site distal to nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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12
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Katagiri K, Kuriyama M, Yamamoto K, Demizu Y, Onomura O. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Phenols from Diaryliodonium Salts with Water under Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:5149-5154. [PMID: 35822911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free synthesis of phenols from diaryliodonium salts with water was developed by using N-benzylpyridin-2-one as an organocatalyst. In this process, sterically congested, functionalized, and heterocycle-containing iodonium salts were smoothly converted to the desired products, and the clofibrate and mecloqualone derivatives were also synthesized in high yields. In addition, the gram-scale experiment was successfully carried out with 10 mmol of a sterically congested substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotone Katagiri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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13
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Peng D, Zhang Y, Liu XQ, Shang H, Lin G, Jin HY, Liu XF, He R, Shang YH, Xu YH, Luo SP. Highly active and reusable copper phthalocyanine derivatives catalyzed the hydroxylation of (hetero)aryl halides. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Jin Choi S, Lee YG, Sang Shin U, Kim SH. Carbocatalyst-promoted oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Elias EK, Rehbein SM, Neufeldt SR. Solvent coordination to palladium can invert the selectivity of oxidative addition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1618-1628. [PMID: 35282616 PMCID: PMC8827013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction solvent was previously shown to influence the selectivity of Pd/P t Bu3-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of chloroaryl triflates. The role of solvents has been hypothesized to relate to their polarity, whereby polar solvents stabilize anionic transition states involving [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- (X = anionic ligand) and nonpolar solvents do not. However, here we report detailed studies that reveal a more complicated mechanistic picture. In particular, these results suggest that the selectivity change observed in certain solvents is primarily due to solvent coordination to palladium. Polar coordinating and polar noncoordinating solvents lead to dramatically different selectivity. In coordinating solvents, preferential reaction at triflate is likely catalyzed by Pd(P t Bu3)(solv), whereas noncoordinating solvents lead to reaction at chloride through monoligated Pd(P t Bu3). The role of solvent coordination is supported by stoichiometric oxidative addition experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and catalytic cross-coupling studies. Additional results suggest that anionic [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- is also relevant to triflate selectivity in certain scenarios, particularly when halide anions are available in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Steven M Rehbein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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16
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Sakai S, Kanemoto K, Fukuzawa SI. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Planar‐Chiral Monophosphine Ligands Bearing Ferrocene‐Triazole Backbones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Sakai
- Chuo University Faculty of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering: Chuo Daigaku Rikogakubu Daigakuin Rikogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Chuo University Faculty of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering: Chuo Daigaku Rikogakubu Daigakuin Rikogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Chemistry Kasuga1-13-27 112-8551 Bunkyo-ku JAPAN
| | - Shin-ichi Fukuzawa
- Chuo University Faculty of Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering: Chuo Daigaku Rikogakubu Daigakuin Rikogaku Kenkyuka Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
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17
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Huiqin W, Wu M. Photocatalytic synthesis of phenols mediated by visible light using KI as catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Greener AJ, Ubysz P, Owens-Ward W, Smith G, Ocaña I, Whitwood AC, Chechik V, James MJ. Radical-anion coupling through reagent design: hydroxylation of aryl halides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14641-14646. [PMID: 34881017 PMCID: PMC8580057 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and development of an oxime-based hydroxylation reagent, which can chemoselectively convert aryl halides (X = F, Cl, Br, I) into phenols under operationally simple, transition-metal-free conditions is described. Key to the success of this approach was the identification of a reducing oxime anion which can interact and couple with open-shell aryl radicals. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed radical-nucleophilic substitution chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Greener
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Patrycja Ubysz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Will Owens-Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - George Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ivan Ocaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Michael J James
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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19
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Xu H, Yamaguchi S, Mitsudome T, Mizugaki T. A copper nitride catalyst for the efficient hydroxylation of aryl halides under ligand-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6593-6597. [PMID: 34019611 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00768h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper nitride (Cu3N) was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydroxylation of aryl halides under ligand-free conditions. The cubic Cu3N nanoparticles showed high catalytic activity, comparable to those of conventional Cu catalysts with nitrogen ligands, demonstrating that the nitrogen atoms in Cu3N act as functional ligands that promote hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Tomoo Mizugaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Hao L, Auni A, Ding G, Li X, Xu H, Li T, Zhang Q. Selective hydroxylation of aryl iodides to produce phenols under mild conditions using a supported copper catalyst. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25348-25353. [PMID: 35478897 PMCID: PMC9036948 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the high activity and low-cost, copper-based catalysts are promising candidates for transforming aromatic halides to yield phenols. In this work, we report the selective hydroxylation of aromatic iodides to produce phenols using an atomically dispersed copper catalyst (Cu–ZnO–ZrO2) under mild reaction conditions. The reactions were conducted without the use of additional organic ligands, and the protection of an inert atmosphere environment is not required. The catalyst can be easily prepared, scalable, and is very efficient for a wide range of substrates. The catalytic reactions can be carried out with only 1.24 mol% Cu loading, which shows great potential in mass production. Atomically dispersed Cu catalyst was designed for highly efficient hydroxylation of aryl iodides under mild conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiduan Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Anika Auni
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
| | - Haiping Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA .,X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA .,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University Pullman Washington 99164 USA
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21
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Copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of amide linked 1,2,3-triazoles bearing aryloxy skeletons. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Boric acid, B(OH)3, is proved to be an efficient hydroxide reagent in converting (hetero)aryl halides to the corresponding phenols with a Pd catalyst under mild conditions. Various phenol products were obtained in good to excellent yields. This transformation tolerates a broad range of functional groups and molecules, including base-sensitive substituents and complicated pharmaceutical (hetero)aryl halide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Watanabe K, Takagi M, Watanabe A, Murata S, Takita R. Cu(I)/sucrose-catalyzed hydroxylation of arenes in water: the dual role of sucrose. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7827-7831. [PMID: 32990294 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01683g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the hydroxylation of aryl halides catalyzed by copper(i) and sucrose in neat water has been developed. The dual role of sucrose, the reaction pathway, and the high selectivity for hydroxylation were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Watanabe
- One-stop Sharing Facility Center for Future Drug Discoveries, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Liang X, Li H, Du F, Zhang Y, Dong J, Bao X, Wu Y, Chen G. Copper and l-(−)-quebrachitol catalyzed hydroxylation and amination of aryl halides under air. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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McCarthy C, Losada‐Garcia N, Palomo JM. Direct Synthesis of Phenols from Phenylboronic Acids in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by a Cu(0)‐Nanoparticles Biohybrid. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McCarthy
- Department of Biocatalysis Institute of Catalysis (CSIC) Cantoblanco campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain) E-mail
| | - Noelia Losada‐Garcia
- Department of Biocatalysis Institute of Catalysis (CSIC) Cantoblanco campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain) E-mail
| | - Jose M. Palomo
- Department of Biocatalysis Institute of Catalysis (CSIC) Cantoblanco campus UAM 28049 Madrid Spain) E-mail
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26
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Synthesis of Phenols via Metal-Free Hydroxylation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Aqueous TBHP. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1543081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternate procedure for oxidative hydroxylation of aryl boronic acids with aqueous TBHP to access phenols is described. The protocol tolerated various functional groups substituted with aromatic rings. The reaction was performed in water and free from transition metal oxidants.
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27
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Bora SJ, Paul R, Dutta A, Goswami S, Guha AK, Thakur AJ. Trinuclear Mn 2+/Zn 2+ based microporous coordination polymers as efficient catalysts for ipso-hydroxylation of boronic acids. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5454-5462. [PMID: 32315018 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two microporous coordination polymers based on hourglass trinuclear building units, [Mn3(bpdc)3(bpy)]·2DMF and [Zn3(bpdc)3(bpy)]·2DMF·4H2O (bpdc = 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions employing DMF as the solvent. Each structure consists of two crystallographically distinct M2+ (M1 and M2) centers that are connected via carboxylate bridges from six bpdc ligands, generating a trinuclear metal cluster, [M3(bpdc)3(bpy)]. Cluster representation of the structure resulted in an interpenetrated net of rare hex topological type. Catalytic activities of the CPs have been assessed for the oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acids (PBAs) using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Various substituted aryl/hetero-arylboronic acids RB(OH)2 [R = phenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 2-thiophene etc.] underwent ipso-hydroxylation smoothly at room temperature to generate the corresponding phenols in excellent yields. The main advantages of this protocol are the aqueous medium reaction, heterogeneous catalytic system, and short reaction time with excellent yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchay J Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Pandu College, Guwahati-781012, Assam, India.
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28
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Marais L, Vosloo HC, Swarts AJ. The development of a Cu(I)/pyrazolylpyridineamine catalyst system for the hydroxylation of aryl halides. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Singer RA. BippyPhos: A Highly Versatile Ligand for Pd‐Catalyzed C−N, C−O and C−C Couplings. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Singer
- Chemical Research and DevelopmentPfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Labs Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 United States
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30
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Steinert H, Schwarz C, Kroll A, Gessner VH. Towards the Preparation of Stable Cyclic Amino(ylide)Carbenes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040796. [PMID: 32059503 PMCID: PMC7070660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic amino(ylide)carbenes (CAYCs) are the ylide-substituted analogues of N-heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). Due to the stronger π donation of the ylide compared to an amino moiety they are stronger donors and thus are desirable ligands for catalysis. However, no stable CAYC has been reported until today. Here, we describe experimental and computational studies on the synthesis and stability of CAYCs based on pyrroles with trialkyl onium groups. Attempts to isolate two CAYCs with trialkyl phosphonium and sulfonium ylides resulted in the deprotonation of the alkyl groups instead of the formation of the desired CAYCs. In case of the PCy3-substituted system, the corresponding ylide was isolated, while deprotonation of the SMe2-functionalized compound led to the formation of ethene and the thioether. Detailed computational studies on various trialkyl onium groups showed that both the α- and β-deprotonated compounds were energetically favored over the free carbene. The most stable candidates were revealed to be α-hydrogen-free adamantyl-substituted onium groups, for which β-deprotonation is less favorable at the bridgehead position. Overall, the calculations showed that the isolation of CAYCs should be possible, but careful design is required to exclude decomposition pathways such as deprotonations at the onium group.
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31
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Rongalite-promoted metal-free aerobic ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids under sunlight: DFT mechanistic studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Santiago TG, Urbaneja C, Álvarez E, Ávila E, Palma P, Cámpora J. Neutral, cationic and anionic organonickel and -palladium complexes supported by iminophosphine/phosphinoenaminato ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:322-335. [PMID: 31802075 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of organometallic nickel and palladium complexes containing iminophosphine ligands R2PCH2C(Ph) = N-Dipp (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl; R = iPr, La; R = Ph, Lb; and R = o-C6H4OMe, Lc), synthesized by ligand exchange or oxidative addition reactions, and we investigate the capacity of such ligands to undergo reversible deprotonation to the corresponding phosphinoenaminato species. In the attempted ligand exchange reaction of the nickel bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl precursor [Ni(CH2SiMe3)2Py2] with Lb, the iminophosphine acts as a weak acid rather than a neutral ligand, cleaving one of the Ni-C bonds, to afford the phosphinoenaminato complex [Ni(CH2SiMe3)(L'b)(Py)] (L'b = conjugate base of Lb). We disclose a general method for the syntheses of complexes [Ni(CH2SiMe3)(L)(Py)]+ (L = La, Lb or Lc), and demonstrate that iminophosphine deprotonation is a general feature and occurs reversibly in the coordination sphere of the metal. By studying proton exchange reactions of the cation [Ni(CH2SiMe3)(Lb)(Py)]+ with bases of different strength we show that the conjugate phosphinoenaminato ligand in [Ni(CH2SiMe3)(L'b)(Py)] is a base with strength comparable to DBU in THF. The acyl group in the functionalized aryl complex [Ni(p-C6H4COCH3)(Br)(La)] does not interfere in the iminophosphine deprotonation with NaH. The latter reaction affords the unusual anionic hydroxide species [Ni(p-C6H4COCH3)(OH)(L'a)]-Na+, which was isolated and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás G Santiago
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla. CIC-Cartuja, c/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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33
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Kandula V, Balakrishna C, Behera M, Nagababu U, Kumar GK, Chatterjee A. Catalytic Efficiency of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Synthesis of Chromones and Reduction of Nitro Aromatics. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Kandula
- Department of ChemistryKoneru Laksmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India 522502
- Medicinal Chemistry DepartmentGVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mallapur Hyderabad, Telangana India 500076
| | - C. Balakrishna
- Medicinal Chemistry DepartmentGVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mallapur Hyderabad, Telangana India 500076
| | - Manoranjan Behera
- Medicinal Chemistry DepartmentGVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mallapur Hyderabad, Telangana India 500076
| | - Uppu Nagababu
- Department of ChemistryKoneru Laksmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India 522502
| | - G. Kiran Kumar
- Department of PhysicsRaghu Engineering College Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India - 531162
| | - Anindita Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryKoneru Laksmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India 522502
- Department of ChemistryRaghu Engineering College Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
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34
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He SY, Xiong J, Hu BL, Zhang XG. Copper-catalyzed tandem cyclization and vinylation for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzofurans. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Sang R, Korkis SE, Su W, Ye F, Engl PS, Berger F, Ritter T. Site-Selective C-H Oxygenation via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16161-16166. [PMID: 31475767 PMCID: PMC7754133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a two-step process forming arene C-O bonds in excellent site-selectivity at a late-stage. The C-O bond formation is achieved by selective introduction of a thianthrenium group, which is then converted into C-O bonds using photoredox chemistry. Electron-rich, -poor and -neutral arenes as well as complex drug-like small molecules are successfully transformed into both phenols and various ethers. The sequence differs conceptually from all previous arene oxygenation reactions in that oxygen functionality can be incorporated into complex small molecules at a late stage site-selectively, which has not been shown via aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruocheng Sang
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Stamatis E. Korkis
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Fei Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Pascal S. Engl
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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36
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Cai YM, Xu YT, Zhang X, Gao WX, Huang XB, Zhou YB, Liu MC, Wu HY. Photoinduced Hydroxylation of Organic Halides under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2019; 21:8479-8484. [PMID: 31580686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xia Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao-Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Xu T, Lu W, Wu XF, Chen W. Solar-driven conversion of arylboronic acids to phenols using metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sang R, Korkis SE, Su W, Ye F, Engl PS, Berger F, Ritter T. Site‐Selective C−H Oxygenation via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruocheng Sang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Stamatis E. Korkis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Fei Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Pascal S. Engl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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Kandula V, Nagababu U, Behera M, Yennam S, Chatterjee A. A facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: An investigation on catalytic hydroxylation studies for efficient conversion of aryl boronic acids to phenol. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Laskar K, Paul S, Bora U. Cellulose as recyclable organocatalyst for ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ghiasbeigi E, Soleiman‐Beigi M. Copper Immobilized on Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Functionalized Nano‐Magnetite as a Novel Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Synthesis of Phenols and Anilines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Ghiasbeigi
- Department of Chemistry Basic of Sciences FacultyIlam University PO Box 69315–516 Ilam Iran
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Rong MK, Holtrop F, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. 1,3-P,N hybrid ligands in mononuclear coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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44
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Kim HS, Joo SR, Shin US, Kim SH. Recyclable CNT-chitosan nanohybrid film utilized in copper-catalyzed aerobic ipso-hydroxylation of arylboronic acids in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bayan R, Karak N. Hyperbranched Polyurethane-Supported Pd-Ag@CQD Nanocomposite: A High Performing Heterogeneous Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Bayan
- Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory; Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur; 784028, Assam India
| | - Niranjan Karak
- Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory; Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur; 784028, Assam India
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Bisseret P, Abdelkafi H, Blanchard N. Aryl transition metal chemical warheads for protein bioconjugation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5132-5144. [PMID: 29997865 PMCID: PMC6001634 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00780b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The past seven years have witnessed the burgeoning of protein bioconjugation reactions highlighting aryl transition metal reagents as coupling partners. This new bioorthogonal organometallic chemistry, which sets the scene for stoichiometric processes in place of the catalytic procedures that developed in parallel, already enabled the forging of C-S and C-C bonds onto protein substrates, respectively in their native state or equipped with pre-installed non-natural terminal alkene or alkyne appendages. Although not yet applied to proteins, related transformations pointing to the creation of C-N bonds have, in addition, just been disclosed by targeting peptide lysine residues. Central to this research was the selection of ligands attached to the transition metal, in order to confer to metal complexes, not only their stability in aqueous medium, but also the desired chemoselectivity. We summarize here this body of work, which has already put in the limelight elaborated palladium and gold complexes equipped with biologically relevant appendages, such as fluorescent and affinity tags, as well as drug molecules. This research holds much promise, not only for the study of proteins themselves, but also for the design of new protein-based biotherapeutics, such as protein-drug conjugates or constrained analogs resulting from macrocyclisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bisseret
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
| | - Hajer Abdelkafi
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Université de Haute-Alsace , Université de Strasbourg , CNRS , LIMA , UMR 7042 , 68000 Mulhouse , France . https://bsm.unistra.fr ; ;
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Yang L, Huang Z, Li G, Zhang W, Cao R, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Synthesis of Phenols: Organophotoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Hydroxylation of Aryl Halides with Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Zhiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
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Yang L, Huang Z, Li G, Zhang W, Cao R, Wang C, Xiao J, Xue D. Synthesis of Phenols: Organophotoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Hydroxylation of Aryl Halides with Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1968-1972. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Zhiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 China
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Zhang X, Wu G, Gao W, Ding J, Huang X, Liu M, Wu H. Synergistic Photo-Copper-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides with Molecular Oxygen. Org Lett 2018; 20:708-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Wu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinchang Ding
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People’s Republic of China
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Liu X, Chen J, Ma T. Catalytic dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones and cyclohexenones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8662-8676. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prompted by the scant attention paid by published literature reviews to the comprehensive catalytic dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexa(e)nones, this review describes recent methods developed to-date involving transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative aromatization and metal-free strategies for the transformation of cyclohexa(e)nones to substituted phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tianlin Ma
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou
- China
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