1
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Adesina A, Skouta R. Diversity-Orientated Synthesis and Biological Properties of Compounds Based on the N-Phenylquinoneimine Scaffold. Molecules 2024; 29:249. [PMID: 38202832 PMCID: PMC10780808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-phenylquinoneimine scaffold is a versatile synthetic platform that has gained significant attention in the field of drug discovery due to its structural diversity and capacity to interact with biologically relevant targets. This review explores established synthetic methodologies and highlights the significant biological activities exhibited by compounds derived from this scaffold, their implications for medicinal chemistry, and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebimpe Adesina
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 111101, Nigeria;
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Kumari S, Howlett T, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Al-Kharji NM, Gassensmith JJ. Rip it, stitch it, click it: A Chemist's guide to VLP manipulation. Virology 2022; 577:105-123. [PMID: 36343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are some of nature's most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally, and enzymatically resistant carriers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus' ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), reassemble (stitch it), and functionalize (click it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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3
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Choi H, Eom S, Kim HU, Bae Y, Jung HS, Kang S. Load and Display: Engineering Encapsulin as a Modular Nanoplatform for Protein-Cargo Encapsulation and Protein-Ligand Decoration Using Split Intein and SpyTag/SpyCatcher. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3028-3039. [PMID: 34142815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein cage nanoparticles have a unique spherical hollow structure that provides a modifiable interior space and an exterior surface. For full application, it is desirable to utilize both the interior space and the exterior surface simultaneously with two different functionalities in a well-combined way. Here, we genetically engineered encapsulin protein cage nanoparticles (Encap) as modular nanoplatforms by introducing a split-C-intein (IntC) fragment and SpyTag into the interior and exterior surfaces, respectively. A complementary split-N-intein (IntN) was fused to various protein cargoes, such as NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc), enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), and Nluc-miniSOG, individually, which led to their successful encapsulation into Encaps to form Cargo@Encap through split intein-mediated protein ligation during protein coexpression and cage assembly in bacteria. Conversely, the SpyCatcher protein was fused to various protein ligands, such as a glutathione binder (GST-SC), dimerizing ligands (FKBP12-SC and FRB-SC), and a cancer-targeting affibody (SC-EGFRAfb); subsequently, they were displayed on Cargo@Encaps through SpyTag/SpyCatcher ligation to form Cargo@Encap/Ligands in a mix-and-match manner. Nluc@Encap/glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was effectively immobilized on glutathione (GSH)-coated solid supports exhibiting repetitive and long-term usage of the encapsulated luciferases. We also established luciferase-embedded layer-by-layer (LbL) nanostructures by alternately depositing Nluc@Encap/FKBP12 and Nluc@Encap/FRB in the presence of rapamycin and applied enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)@Encap/EGFRAfb as a target-specific fluorescent imaging probe to visualize specific cancer cells selectively. Modular functionalization of the interior space and the exterior surface of a protein cage nanoparticle may offer the opportunity to develop new protein-based nanostructured devices and nanomedical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Soomin Eom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Han-Ul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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4
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Bettini S, Valli L, Giancane G. Applications of Photoinduced Phenomena in Supramolecularly Arranged Phthalocyanine Derivatives: A Perspective. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163742. [PMID: 32824375 PMCID: PMC7463501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the description of several examples of supramolecular assemblies of phthalocyanine derivatives differently functionalized and interfaced with diverse kinds of chemical species for photo-induced phenomena applications. In fact, the role of different substituents was investigated in order to tune peculiar aggregates formation as well as, with the same aim, the possibility to interface these derivatives with other molecular species, as electron donor and acceptor, carbon allotropes, cyclodextrins, protein cages, drugs. Phthalocyanine photo-physical features are indeed really interesting and appealing but need to be preserved and optimized. Here, we highlight that the supramolecular approach is a versatile method to build up very complex and functional architectures. Further, the possibility to minimize the organization energy and to facilitate the spontaneous assembly of the molecules, in numerous examples, has been demonstrated to be more useful and performing than the covalent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Valli
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago, 64, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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5
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Marmelstein AM, Lobba MJ, Mogilevsky CS, Maza JC, Brauer DD, Francis MB. Tyrosinase-Mediated Oxidative Coupling of Tyrosine Tags on Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5078-5086. [PMID: 32093466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative coupling (OC) through o-quinone intermediates has been established as an efficient and site-selective way to modify protein N-termini and the unnatural amino acid p-aminophenylalanine (paF). Recently, we reported that the tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of phenol-tagged cargo molecules is a particularly convenient method of generating o-quinones in situ. The coupling partners can be easily prepared and stored, the reaction takes place under mild conditions (phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 4 to 23 °C), and dissolved oxygen is the only oxidant required. Here, we show an important extension of this chemistry for the activation of tyrosine residues that project into solution from the N or C-termini of peptide and protein substrates. Generating the o-quinone electrophiles from tyrosine allows greater flexibility in choosing the nucleophilic coupling partner and expands the scope of the reaction to include C-terminal positions. We also introduce a new bacterial tyrosinase enzyme that shows improved activation for some tyrosine substrates. The efficacy of several secondary amines and aniline derivatives was evaluated in the coupling reactions, providing important information for coupling partner design. This strategy was used to modify the C-termini of an antibody scFv construct and of Protein L, a human IgG kappa light chain binding protein. The use of the modified proteins as immunolabeling agents was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Marmelstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marco J Lobba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Casey S Mogilevsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johnathan C Maza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel D Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Pradhan S, Roy S, Ghosh S, Chatterjee I. Regiodivergent Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Using Nitrosoarenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Gateway for Diarylamines and
p
‐Iminoquinones Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Pradhan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Indranil Chatterjee
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Ropar Nangal Road Rupnagar Punjab-140001 India
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8
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Xu Y, Jiang S, Simmons CR, Narayanan RP, Zhang F, Aziz AM, Yan H, Stephanopoulos N. Tunable Nanoscale Cages from Self-Assembling DNA and Protein Building Blocks. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3545-3554. [PMID: 30835439 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cages are one of the most important targets for nanotechnology. Both proteins and DNA have been used as building blocks to create tunable nanoscale cages for a wide range of applications, but each molecular type has its own limitations. Here, we report a cage constructed from both protein and DNA building blocks through the use of covalent protein-DNA conjugates. We modified a homotrimeric protein (KDPG aldolase) with three identical single-stranded DNA handles by functionalizing a reactive cysteine residue introduced via site-directed mutagenesis. This protein-DNA building block was coassembled with a triangular DNA structure bearing three complementary arms to the handles, resulting in tetrahedral cages comprising six DNA sides capped by the protein trimer. The dimensions of the cage could be tuned through the number of turns per DNA arm (3 turns ∼ 10 nm, 4 turns ∼ 14 nm), and the hybrid structures were purified and characterized to confirm the three-dimensional structure. Cages were also modified with DNA using click chemistry and using aldolase trimers bearing the noncanonical amino acid 4-azidophenylalanine, demonstrating the generality of the method. Our approach will allow for the construction of nanomaterials that possess the advantages of both protein and DNA nanotechnology and find applications in fields such as targeted delivery, structural biology, biomedicine, and catalytic materials.
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9
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Rybka JD, Mieloch AA, Plis A, Pyrski M, Pniewski T, Giersig M. Assembly and Characterization of HBc Derived Virus-like Particles with Magnetic Core. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020155. [PMID: 30691173 PMCID: PMC6409934 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Core-virus like particles (VLPs) assembly is a kinetically complex cascade of interactions between viral proteins, nanoparticle's surface and an ionic environment. Despite many in silico simulations regarding this process, there is still a lack of experimental data. The main goal of this study was to investigate the capsid protein of hepatitis B virus (HBc) assembly into virus-like particles with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a magnetic core in relation to their characteristics. The native form of HBc was obtained via agroinfection of Nicotiana benthamiana with pEAQ-HBc plasmid. SPIONs of diameter of 15 nm were synthesized and functionalized with two ligands, providing variety in ζ-potential and hydrodynamic diameter. The antigenic potential of the assembled core-VLPs was assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Morphology of SPIONs and core-VLPs was evaluated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The most successful core-VLPs assembly was obtained for SPIONs functionalized with dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) at SPIONs/HBc ratio of 0.2/0.05 mg/mL. ELISA results indicate significant decrease of antigenicity concomitant with core-VLPs assembly. In summary, this study provides an experimental assessment of the crucial parameters guiding SPION-HBc VLPs assembly and evaluates the antigenicity of the obtained structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dalibor Rybka
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Adam Aron Mieloch
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89B, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Alicja Plis
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Pyrski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Pniewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michael Giersig
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Construction of Artificial Enzymes on a Virus Surface. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29869259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7808-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Combination of artificial enzyme design and self-assembly strategies leads to a novel way to construct supramolecular enzymes. To address this challenge, auxotrophic expression systems show great potential because they can introduce nonnatural catalytic groups into the subunits of protein assemblies. Among nonnatural amino acids, selenocysteine is the catalytic group of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). With the aid of computer simulation, we have incorporated selenocysteine into natural protein assemblies such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ferritin by cysteine auxotrophic technology, resulting in the conversion of TMV and ferritin into supramolecular enzymes.
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11
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of virus-like particles (VLPs) is the fact that they possess distinguishable interior and exterior surfaces. Taking advantage of our knowledge of the amino acid location from X-ray crystal structures, we have developed a series of synthetic modifications of the MS2 bacteriophage viral capsid, including small molecule and polymer attachment, as well as conjugation with peptides, DNA and other proteins. These constructs have found applications in nanomaterial fabrication and as delivery vehicles with therapeutic potential. Importantly, the dual-modification strategies described herein could be extended to other VLP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana L Aanei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Li F, Liu D, Wang T, Hu J, Meng F, Sun H, Shang Z, Li P, Feng W, Li W, Zhou X. J-aggregation in porphyrin nanoparticles induced by diphenylalanine. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Kang B, Yang W, Lee S, Mukherjee S, Forstater J, Kim H, Goh B, Kim TY, Voelz VA, Pang Y, Seo J. Precisely tuneable energy transfer system using peptoid helix-based molecular scaffold. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4786. [PMID: 28684782 PMCID: PMC5500559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy flow during natural photosynthesis is controlled by maintaining the spatial arrangement of pigments, employing helices as scaffolds. In this study, we have developed porphyrin-peptoid (pigment-helix) conjugates (PPCs) that can modulate the donor-acceptor energy transfer efficiency with exceptional precision by controlling the relative distance and orientation of the two pigments. Five donor-acceptor molecular dyads were constructed using zinc porphyrin and free base porphyrin (Zn(i + 2)–Zn(i + 6)), and highly efficient energy transfer was demonstrated with estimated efficiencies ranging from 92% to 96% measured by static fluorescence emission in CH2Cl2 and from 96.3% to 97.6% using femtosecond transient absorption measurements in toluene, depending on the relative spatial arrangement of the donor-acceptor pairs. Our results suggest that the remarkable precision and tunability exhibited by nature can be achieved by mimicking the design principles of natural photosynthetic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Sebok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Sudipto Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jonathan Forstater
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Byoungsook Goh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Vincent A Voelz
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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14
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Hatae T, Koshiyama T, Ohba M. Domain Size Dependent Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Lipid Domain Incorporated Fluorophores. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Hatae
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
| | - Tomomi Koshiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
| | - Masaaki Ohba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
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15
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Leung RC, Robinson MDM, Ajabali AAA, Karunanithy G, Lyons B, Raj R, Raoufmoghaddam S, Mohammed S, Claridge TDW, Baldwin AJ, Davis BG. Monitoring the Disassembly of Virus-like Particles by 19F-NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5277-5280. [PMID: 28350443 PMCID: PMC5425944 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are stable protein cages derived from virus coats. They have been used extensively as biomolecular platforms, e.g., nanocarriers or vaccines, but a convenient in situ technique is lacking for tracking functional status. Here, we present a simple way to monitor disassembly of 19F-labeled VLPs derived from bacteriophage Qβ by 19F NMR. Analysis of resonances, under a range of conditions, allowed determination not only of the particle as fully assembled but also as disassembled, as well as detection of a degraded state upon digestion by cells. This in turn allowed mutational redesign of disassembly and testing in both bacterial and mammalian systems as a strategy for the creation of putative, targeted-VLP delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alaa A. A. Ajabali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Gogulan Karunanithy
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Brian Lyons
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Ritu Raj
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Saeed Raoufmoghaddam
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. W. Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Baldwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United
Kingdom
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16
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ElSohly AM, MacDonald JI, Hentzen NB, Aanei IL, El Muslemany KM, Francis MB. ortho-Methoxyphenols as Convenient Oxidative Bioconjugation Reagents with Application to Site-Selective Heterobifunctional Cross-Linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3767-3773. [PMID: 28207247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of complex protein-based bioconjugates has been facilitated greatly by recent developments in chemoselective methods for biomolecular modification. The oxidative coupling of o-aminophenols or catechols with aniline functional groups is chemoselective, mild, and rapid; however, the oxidatively sensitive nature of the electron-rich aromatics and the paucity of commercial sources pose some obstacles to the general use of these reactive strategies. Herein, we identify o-methoxyphenols as air-stable, commercially available derivatives that undergo efficient oxidative couplings with anilines in the presence of periodate as oxidant. Mechanistic considerations informed the development of a preoxidation protocol that can greatly reduce the amount of periodate necessary for effective coupling. The stability and versatility of these reagents was demonstrated through the synthesis of complex protein-protein bioconjugates using a site-selective heterobifunctional cross-linker comprising both o-methoxyphenol and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde moieties. This compound was used to link epidermal growth factor to genome-free MS2 viral capsids, affording nanoscale delivery vectors that can target a variety of cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M ElSohly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - James I MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Nina B Hentzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zurich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioana L Aanei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Kareem M El Muslemany
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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17
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Pumpens P, Renhofa R, Dishlers A, Kozlovska T, Ose V, Pushko P, Tars K, Grens E, Bachmann MF. The True Story and Advantages of RNA Phage Capsids as Nanotools. Intervirology 2016; 59:74-110. [DOI: 10.1159/000449503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Sánchez-Rodríguez SP, Morán-García ADC, Bolonduro O, Dordick JS, Bustos-Jaimes I. Enhanced assembly and colloidal stabilization of primate erythroparvovirus 1 virus-like particles for improved surface engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:206-14. [PMID: 26911883 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are the product of the self-assembly, either in vivo or in vitro, of structural components of viral capsids. These particles are excellent scaffolds for surface display of biomolecules that can be used in vaccine development and tissue-specific drug delivery. Surface engineering of VLPs requires structural stability and chemical reactivity. Herein, we report the enhanced assembly, colloidal stabilization and fluorescent labeling of primate erythroparvovirus 1 (PE1V), generally referred to as parvovirus B19. In vitro assembly of the VP2 protein of PE1V produces VLPs, which are prone to flocculate and hence undergo limited chemical modification by thiol-specific reagents like the fluorogenic monobromobimane (mBBr). We determined that the addition of 0.2M l-arginine during the assembly process produced an increased yield of soluble VLPs with good dispersion stability. Fluorescent labeling of VLPs suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) added with 0.2M l-Arg was achieved in significantly shorter times than the flocculated VLPs assembled in only PBS buffer. Finally, to demonstrate the potential application of this approach, mBBr-labeled VLPs were successfully used to tag human hepatoma HepG2 cells. This new method for assembly and labeling PE1V VLPs eases its applications and provides insights on the manipulation of this biomaterial for further developments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Application of virus-derived biomaterials sometimes requires surface modification for diverse purposes, including enhanced cell-specific interaction, the inclusion of luminescent probes for bioimaging, or the incorporation of catalytic properties for the production of enzyme nanocarriers. In this research, we reported for the first time the colloidal stabilization of the primate erythroparvovirus 1 (PE1V) virus-like particles (VLPs). Also, we report the chemical modification of the natural Cys residues located on the surface of these VLPs with a fluorescent probe, as well as its application for tagging hepatoma cells in vitro. Keeping in mind that PE1V is a human pathogen, virus-host interactions already exist in human cells, and they can be exploited for therapeutic and research aims. This study will impact on the speed in which the scientific community will be able to manipulate PE1V VLPs for diverse purposes. Additionally, this study may provide insights on the colloidal properties of these VLPs as well as in the effect of different protein additives used for protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paola Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Areli del Carmen Morán-García
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Olurotimi Bolonduro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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19
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Chandrasekar S, Sekar G. An efficient synthesis of iminoquinones by a chemoselective domino ortho-hydroxylation/oxidation/imidation sequence of 2-aminoaryl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3053-60. [PMID: 26891598 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient chemoselective domino oxidative homocoupling of 2-aminoaryl ketones in the presence of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) for the synthesis of iminoquinone has been developed. The domino reaction proceeds via three consecutive steps, such as domino ortho-hydroxylation of 2-aminoaryl ketones, oxidation of a phenol derivative to benzoquinone and dimerization through imine formation to yield iminoquinone. Importantly, this reaction allows the recycling of the oxidant IBX by recovering the by-product iodosobenzoic acid (IBA) and oxidizing it back to IBX. A four step domino strategy for the synthesis of iminoquinone through in situ generation of 2-amino benzophenone from (2-amino phenyl)(phenyl)methanol was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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20
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Zou Q, Liu K, Abbas M, Yan X. Peptide-Modulated Self-Assembly of Chromophores toward Biomimetic Light-Harvesting Nanoarchitectonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1031-43. [PMID: 26273821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elegant self-assembling complexes by the combination of proteins/peptides with functional chromophores are decisively responsible for highly efficient light-harvesting and energy transfer in natural photosynthetic systems. Mimicking natural light-harvesting complexes through synthetic peptides is attractive due to their advantanges of programmable primary structure, tunable self-assembly architecture and easy availability in comparison to naturally occuring proteins. Here, an overview of recent progresses in the area of biomimetic light-harvesting nanoarchitectonics based on peptide-modulated self-assembly of chromophores is provided. Adjusting the organization of chromophores, either by creating peptide-chromophore conjugates or by the non-covalent assembly of peptides and chromophores are highlighted. The light-harvesting properties, especially the energy transfer of the biomimetic complexes are critically discussed. The applications of such complexes in the mineralization of inorganic nanoparticles, generation of molecular hydrogen and oxygen, and photosynthesis of bioactive molecules are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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21
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Qiao SP, Lang C, Wang RD, Li XM, Yan TF, Pan TZ, Zhao LL, Fan XT, Zhang X, Hou CX, Luo Q, Xu JY, Liu JQ. Metal induced self-assembly of designed V-shape protein into 2D wavy supramolecular nanostructure. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:333-341. [PMID: 26612683 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand and imitate the more complex bio-processes and fascinating functions in nature, protein self-assembly has been studied and has attracted more and more interest in recent years. Artificial self-assemblies of proteins have been constructed through many strategies. However, the design of complicated protein self-assemblies utilizing the special profile of building blocks remains a challenge. We herein report linear and 2D nanostructures constructed from a V shape SMAC protein and induced by metal coordination. Zigzag nanowires and wavy 2D nanostructures have been demonstrated by AFM and TEM. The zigzag nanowires can translate to a 2D nanostructure with an excess of metal ions, which reveals the step by step assembly process. Fluorescence and UV/Vis spectra have also been obtained to further study the mechanism and process of self-assembly. Upon the protein nanostructure, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) could also be detected using fluorescein modified proteins as building blocks. This article provides an approach for designing and controlling self-assembled protein nanostructures with a distinctive topological morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - C Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - R D Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - X M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - T F Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - T Z Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - L L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - X T Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - C X Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Q Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - J Y Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - J Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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22
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Mateu MG. Assembly, Engineering and Applications of Virus-Based Protein Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:83-120. [PMID: 27677510 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viruses and their protein capsids can be regarded as biologically evolved nanomachines able to perform multiple, complex biological functions through coordinated mechano-chemical actions during the infectious cycle. The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up, in the last 10 years or so, a vast number of novel possibilities to exploit engineered viral capsids as protein-based nanoparticles for multiple biomedical, biotechnological or nanotechnological applications. This chapter attempts to provide a broad, updated overview on the self-assembly and engineering of virus capsids, and on applications of virus-based nanoparticles. Different sections provide outlines on: (i) the structure, functions and properties of virus capsids; (ii) general approaches for obtaining assembled virus particles; (iii) basic principles and events related to virus capsid self-assembly; (iv) genetic and chemical strategies for engineering virus particles; (v) some applications of engineered virus particles being developed; and (vi) some examples on the engineering of virus particles to modify their physical properties, in order to improve their suitability for different uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G Mateu
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Chen Z, Li N, Li S, Dharmarwardana M, Schlimme A, Gassensmith JJ. Viral chemistry: the chemical functionalization of viral architectures to create new technology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:512-34. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | | | - Anna Schlimme
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
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24
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ElSohly AM, Francis MB. Development of oxidative coupling strategies for site-selective protein modification. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1971-8. [PMID: 26057118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As the need to prepare ever more complex but well-defined materials has increased, a similar need for reliable synthetic strategies to access them has arisen. Accordingly, recent years have seen a steep increase in the development of reactions that can proceed under mild conditions, in aqueous environments, and with low concentrations of reactants. To enable the preparation of well-defined biomolecular materials with novel functional properties, our laboratory has a continuing interest in developing new bioconjugation reactions. A particular area of focus has been the development of oxidative reactions to perform rapid site- and chemoselective couplings of electron rich aromatic species with both unnatural and canonical amino acid residues. This Account details the evolution of oxidative coupling reactions in our laboratory, from initial concepts to highly efficient reactions, focusing on the practical aspects of performing and developing reactions of this type. We begin by discussing our rationale for choosing an oxidative coupling approach to bioconjugation, highlighting many of the benefits that such strategies provide. In addition, we discuss the general workflow we have adopted to discover protein modification reactions directly in aqueous media with biologically relevant substrates. We then review our early explorations of periodate-mediated oxidative couplings between primary anilines and p-phenylenediamine substrates, highlighting the most important lessons that were garnered from these studies. Key mechanistic insights allowed us to develop second-generation reactions between anilines and anisidine derivatives. In addition, we summarize the methods we have used for the introduction of aniline groups onto protein substrates for modification. The development of an efficient and chemoselective coupling of anisidine derivatives with tyrosine residues in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate is next described. Here, our logic and workflow are used to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated with the optimization of site-selective chemistries that target native amino acids. We close by discussing the most recent reports from our laboratory that have capitalized on the unique reactivity of o-iminoquinone derivatives. We discuss the various oxidants and conditions that can be used to generate these reactive intermediates from appropriate precursors, as well as the product distributions that result. We also describe our work to determine the nature of iminoquinone reactivity with proteins and peptides bearing free N-terminal amino groups. Through this discussion, we hope to facilitate the use of oxidative approaches to protein bioconjugation, as well as inspire the discovery of new reactions for the site-selective modification of biomolecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. ElSohly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- The
Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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25
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Vilona D, Di Lorenzo R, Carraro M, Licini G, Trainotti L, Bonchio M. Viral nano-hybrids for innovative energy conversion and storage schemes. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6718-6730. [PMID: 32262464 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical rod-like viruses (the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and the Bacteriophage M13) are biological nanostructures that couple a 1D mono-dispersed morphology with a precisely defined topology of surface spaced and orthogonal reactive domains. These biogenic scaffolds offer a unique alternative to synthetic nano-platforms for the assembly of functional molecules and materials. Spatially resolved 1D arrays of inorganic-organic hybrid domains can thus be obtained on viral nano-templates resulting in the functional arrangement of photo-triggers and catalytic sites with applications in light energy conversion and storage. Different synthetic strategies are herein highlighted depending on the building blocks and with a particular emphasis on the molecular design of viral-templated nano-interfaces holding great potential for the dream-goal of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vilona
- CNR-ITM and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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26
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Kwant RL, Jaffe J, Palmere PJ, Francis MB. Controlled levels of protein modification through a chromatography-mediated bioconjugation. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2596-2601. [PMID: 28706661 PMCID: PMC5495134 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article introduces a method to control levels of protein modification through a chromatography-mediated bioconjugation.
Synthetically modified proteins are increasingly finding applications as well-defined scaffolds for materials. In practice it remains difficult to construct bioconjugates with precise levels of modification because of the limited number of repeated functional groups on proteins. This article describes a method to control the level of protein modification in cases where there exist multiple potential modification sites. A protein is first tagged with a handle using any of a variety of modification chemistries. This handle is used to isolate proteins with a particular number of modifications via affinity chromatography, and then the handle is elaborated with a desired moiety using an oxidative coupling reaction. This method results in a sample of protein with a well-defined number of modifications, and we find it particularly applicable to systems like protein homomultimers in which there is no way to discern between chemically identical subunits. We demonstrate the use of this method in the construction of a protein-templated light-harvesting mimic, a type of system which has historically been difficult to make in a well-defined manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Kwant
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , USA .
| | - Jake Jaffe
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , USA .
| | - Peter J Palmere
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , USA .
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1460 , USA . .,Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
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27
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Abstract
The self-assembly of virus-like particles may lead to materials which combine the unique characteristics of viruses, such as precise size control and responsivity to environmental cues, with the properties of abiotic cargo. For a few different viruses, shell proteins are amenable to the in vitro encapsulation of non-genomic cargo in a regular protein cage. In this chapter we describe protocols of high-efficiency in vitro self-assembly around functionalized gold nanoparticles for three examples of icosahedral and non-icosahedral viral protein cages derived from a plant virus, an animal virus, and a human retrovirus. These protocols can be readily adapted with small modifications to work for a broad variety of inorganic and organic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Tsvetkova
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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28
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Chung WJ, Lee DY, Yoo SY. Chemical modulation of M13 bacteriophage and its functional opportunities for nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5825-36. [PMID: 25540583 PMCID: PMC4270384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
M13 bacteriophage (phage) has emerged as an attractive bionanomaterial owing to its genetically tunable surface chemistry and its potential to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. Furthermore, because of its unique nanoscopic structure, phage has been proposed as a model system in soft condensed physics and as a biomimetic building block for structured functional materials. Genetic engineering of phage provides great opportunities to develop novel nanomaterials with functional surface peptide motifs; however, this biological approach is generally limited to peptides containing the 20 natural amino acids. To extend the scope of phage applications, strategies involving chemical modification have been employed to incorporate a wider range of functional groups, including synthetic chemical compounds. In this review, we introduce the design of chemoselective phage functionalization and discuss how such a strategy is combined with genetic engineering for a variety of medical applications, as reported in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Chung
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doe-Young Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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29
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Jin SE, Jin HE, Hong SS. Targeted delivery system of nanobiomaterials in anticancer therapy: from cells to clinics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:814208. [PMID: 24672796 PMCID: PMC3950423 DOI: 10.1155/2014/814208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery systems of nanobiomaterials are necessary to be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanobiomaterials can be engineered to recognize cancer-specific receptors at the cellular levels and to deliver anticancer drugs into the diseased sites. In particular, nanobiomaterial-based nanocarriers, so-called nanoplatforms, are the design of the targeted delivery systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles/micelles, nanoconjugates, norganic materials, carbon-based nanobiomaterials, and bioinspired phage system, which are based on the nanosize of 1-100 nm in diameter. In this review, the design and the application of these nanoplatforms are discussed at the cellular levels as well as in the clinics. We believe that this review can offer recent advances in the targeted delivery systems of nanobiomaterials regarding in vitro and in vivo applications and the translation of nanobiomaterials to nanomedicine in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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30
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Millán JG, Brasch M, Anaya-Plaza E, de la Escosura A, Velders AH, Reinhoudt DN, Torres T, Koay MST, Cornelissen JJLM. Self-assembly triggered by self-assembly: optically active, paramagnetic micelles encapsulated in protein cage nanoparticles. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 136:140-6. [PMID: 24513535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, optically active and paramagnetic micelles of the ligand 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1-(1-carboxymethylundecane)-4,7,10-triacetic acid cyclododecane (DOTAC10) have been incorporated inside capsids of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) protein through a hierarchical process of self-assembly triggered by self-assembly. The DOTAC10 ligand was used to complex Gd(III), in order to form paramagnetic micelles, as well as to encapsulate an amphiphilic Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dye that optically confirmed the encapsulation of the micelles. The incorporation of ZnPc molecules in the paramagnetic micelles led to high capsid loading of both Gd(III) and ZnPc, as the micelles were stabilized by the amphiphilic dye encapsulation. The resulting protein cage nanoparticles (PCNs) show an improved r1 relaxivity, suggesting the possible use of these nanostructures as contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since the encapsulated ZnPc dye also has a potential therapeutic value, the present results represent a first step towards the consecution of fully self-assembled PCNs for multimodal imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jealemy Galindo Millán
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Brasch
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Anaya-Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA Nanociencia (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA Nanociencia (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Biodevice Nanotechnology Group, Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Postbus 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David N Reinhoudt
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA Nanociencia (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Melissa S T Koay
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J L M Cornelissen
- Biomolecular Nanotechnology Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Sack JT, Stephanopoulos N, Austin DC, Francis MB, Trimmer JS. Antibody-guided photoablation of voltage-gated potassium currents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 142:315-24. [PMID: 23940262 PMCID: PMC3753605 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A family of 40 mammalian voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels control membrane excitability in electrically excitable cells. The contribution of individual Kv channel types to electrophysiological signaling has been difficult to assign, as few selective inhibitors exist for individual Kv subunits. Guided by the exquisite selectivity of immune system interactions, we find potential for antibody conjugates as selective Kv inhibitors. Here, functionally benign anti-Kv channel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were chemically modified to facilitate photoablation of K currents. Antibodies were conjugated to porphyrin compounds that upon photostimulation inflict localized oxidative damage. Anti-Kv4.2 mAb–porphyrin conjugates facilitated photoablation of Kv4.2 currents. The degree of K current ablation was dependent on photon dose and conjugate concentration. Kv channel photoablation was selective for Kv4.2 over Kv4.3 or Kv2.1, yielding specificity not present in existing neurotoxins or other Kv channel inhibitors. We conclude that antibody–porphyrin conjugates are capable of selective photoablation of Kv currents. These findings demonstrate that subtype-specific mAbs that in themselves do not modulate ion channel function are capable of delivering functional payloads to specific ion channel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Sack
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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32
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Dedeo MT, Finley DT, Francis MB. Viral capsids as self-assembling templates for new materials. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 103:353-92. [PMID: 22000000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415906-8.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembling protein shells of viruses have provided convenient scaffolds for the construction of many new materials with well-defined nanoscale architectures. In some cases, the native amino acid functional groups have served as nucleation sites for the deposition of metals and semiconductors, leading to organic-inorganic composites with interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. Other approaches have involved the covalent modification of the protein monomers, typically with the goal of generating targeting delivery vehicles for drug and imaging cargo. Covalently modified capsid proteins have also been used to generate periodic arrays of chromophores for use in light harvesting and photocatalytic applications. All of these research areas have taken advantage of the low polydispersity, high chemical stability, and intrinsically multivalent properties that are uniquely offered by these biological building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel T Dedeo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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33
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Xiao Y, Xu Y, Cheon HS, Chae J. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Aryl Halides Using Glycolic acid as a Ligand. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5804-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400702z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 136-742, Korea
| | - Yongnan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hwan-Sung Cheon
- Central Research Institute, Samsung Cheil Industries Inc., Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do
437-711, Korea
| | - Junghyun Chae
- Department
of Chemistry and Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 136-742, Korea
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34
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Artificial Metalloenzymes Constructed From Hierarchically-Assembled Proteins. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1646-60. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Capehart SL, Coyle MP, Glasgow JE, Francis MB. Controlled integration of gold nanoparticles and organic fluorophores using synthetically modified MS2 viral capsids. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3011-6. [PMID: 23402352 DOI: 10.1021/ja3078472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The placement of fluorophores in close proximity to metal nanoparticle surfaces is proposed to enhance several photophysical properties of the dyes, potentially leading to improved quantum yields and decreased photobleaching. It is difficult in practice, however, to establish and maintain the nanoscale distances that are required to maximize these effects. The type of metal, size, and shape of the nanoparticle, the physical distance separating the metal nanoparticle from the organic dye, and the spectral properties of the fluorophore itself are all proposed to influence the quantum yield and lifetime. This results in a complex behavior that can lead to either enhanced or quenched fluorescence in different contexts. In this report, we describe a well-defined system that can be used to explore these effects, while physically preventing the fluorophores from contacting the nanoparticle surfaces. The basis of this system is the spherical protein capsid of bacteriophage MS2, which was used to house gold particles within its interior volume. The exterior surface of each capsid was then modified with Alexa Fluor 488 (AF 488) labeled DNA strands. By placing AF 488 dyes at distances of 3, 12, and 24 bp from the surface of capsids containing 10 nm gold nanoparticles, fluorescence intensity enhancements of 2.2, 1.2, and 1.0 were observed, respectively. A corresponding decrease in fluorescence lifetime was observed for each distance. Because of its well-defined and modular nature, this architecture allows the rapid exploration of the many variables involved in metal-controlled fluorescence, leading to a better understanding of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Capehart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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36
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Sanghamitra NJM, Ueno T. Expanding coordination chemistry from protein to protein assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4114-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Farkas ME, Aanei IL, Behrens CR, Tong GJ, Murphy ST, O'Neil JP, Francis MB. PET Imaging and biodistribution of chemically modified bacteriophage MS2. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:69-76. [PMID: 23214968 DOI: 10.1021/mp3003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fields of nanotechnology and medicine have merged in the development of new imaging and drug delivery agents based on nanoparticle platforms. As one example, a mutant of bacteriophage MS2 can be differentially modified on the exterior and interior surfaces for the concurrent display of targeting functionalities and payloads, respectively. In order to realize their potential for use in in vivo applications, the biodistribution and circulation properties of this class of agents must first be investigated. A means of modulating and potentially improving the characteristics of nanoparticle agents is the appendage of PEG chains. Both MS2 and MS2-PEG capsids possessing interior DOTA chelators were labeled with (64)Cu and injected intravenously into mice possessing tumor xenografts. Dynamic imaging of the agents was performed using PET-CT on a single animal per sample, and the biodistribution at the terminal time point (24 h) was assessed by gamma counting of the organs ex vivo for 3 animals per agent. Compared to other viral capsids of similar size, the MS2 agents showed longer circulation times. Both MS2 and MS2-PEG bacteriophage behaved similarly, although the latter agent showed significantly less uptake in the spleen. This effect may be attributed to the ability of the PEG chains to mask the capsid charge. Although the tumor uptake of the agents may result from the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, selective tumor imaging may be achieved in the future by using exterior targeting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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38
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Yang SH, Chung WJ, McFarland S, Lee SW. Assembly of bacteriophage into functional materials. CHEM REC 2012; 13:43-59. [PMID: 23280916 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For the last decade, the fabrication of ordered structures of phage has been of great interest as a means of utilizing the outstanding biochemical properties of phage in developing useful materials. Combined with other organic/inorganic substances, it has been demonstrated that phage is a superior building block for fabricating various functional devices, such as the electrode in lithium-ion batteries, photovoltaic cells, sensors, and cell-culture supports. Although previous research has expanded the utility of phage when combined with genetic engineering, most improvements in device functionality have relied upon increases in efficiency owing to the compact, more densely packable unit size of phage rather than on the unique properties of the ordered nanostructures themselves. Recently, self-templating methods, which control both thermodynamic and kinetic factors during the deposition process, have opened up new routes to exploiting the ordered structural properties of hierarchically organized phage architectures. In addition, ordered phage films have exhibited unexpected functional properties, such as structural color and optical filtering. Structural colors or optical filtering from phage films can be used for optical phage-based sensors, which combine the structural properties of phage with target-specific binding motifs on the phage-coat proteins. This self-templating method may contribute not only to practical applications, but also provide insight into the fundamental study of biomacromolecule assembly in in vivo systems under complicated and dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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39
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Zhi-hua C, Ru-jiang M, Zhen-kun Z, Lin-qi S. RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMIMETIC LIGHT-HARVESTING MATERIALS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Hou C, Luo Q, Liu J, Miao L, Zhang C, Gao Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Dong Z, Liu J. Construction of GPx active centers on natural protein nanodisk/nanotube: a new way to develop artificial nanoenzyme. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8692-8701. [PMID: 22992167 DOI: 10.1021/nn302270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Construction of catalytic centers on natural protein aggregates is a challenging topic in biomaterial and biomedicine research. Here we report a novel construction of artificial nanoenzyme with glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like function. By engineering the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein, the main catalytic components of GPx were fabricated on TMV protein monomers. Through direct self-assembly of the functionalized viral coat proteins, the multi-GPx centers were installed on these well-defined nanodisks or nanotubes. With the help of muti-selenoenzyme centers, the resulting organized nanoenzyme exhibited remarkable GPx activity, even approaching the level of natural GPx. The antioxidation study on subcell mitochondrial level demonstrated that virus-based nanoenzyme exerted excellent capacity for protecting cell from oxidative damage. This strategy represents a new way to develop artificial nanoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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41
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Glasgow JE, Capehart SL, Francis MB, Tullman-Ercek D. Osmolyte-mediated encapsulation of proteins inside MS2 viral capsids. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8658-64. [PMID: 22953696 PMCID: PMC3479312 DOI: 10.1021/nn302183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of enzymes in nanometer-sized compartments has the potential to enhance and control enzymatic activity, both in vivo and in vitro. Despite this potential, there is little quantitative data on the effect of encapsulation in a well-defined compartment under varying conditions. To gain more insight into these effects, we have characterized two improved methods for the encapsulation of heterologous molecules inside bacteriophage MS2 viral capsids. First, attaching DNA oligomers to a molecule of interest and incubating it with MS2 coat protein dimers yielded reassembled capsids that packaged the tagged molecules. The addition of a protein-stabilizing osmolyte, trimethylamine-N-oxide, significantly increased the yields of reassembly. Second, we found that expressed proteins with genetically encoded negatively charged peptide tags could also induce capsid reassembly, resulting in high yields of reassembled capsids containing the protein. This second method was used to encapsulate alkaline phosphatase tagged with a 16 amino acid peptide. The purified encapsulated enzyme was found to have the same K(m) value and a slightly lower k(cat) value than the free enzyme, indicating that this method of encapsulation had a minimal effect on enzyme kinetics. This method provides a practical and potentially scalable way of studying the complex effects of encapsulating enzymes in protein-based compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E. Glasgow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Stacy L. Capehart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Corresponding author:
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42
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Adzima BJ, Bowman CN. The emerging role of click reactions in chemical and biological engineering. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Fiedler JD, Higginson C, Hovlid ML, Kislukhin AA, Castillejos A, Manzenrieder F, Campbell MG, Voss NR, Potter CS, Carragher B, Finn M. Engineered mutations change the structure and stability of a virus-like particle. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2339-48. [PMID: 22830650 PMCID: PMC3432585 DOI: 10.1021/bm300590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The single-coat protein (CP) of bacteriophage Qβ self-assembles into T = 3 icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs), of interest for a wide range of applications. These VLPs are very stable, but identification of the specific molecular determinants of this stability is lacking. To investigate these determinants along with manipulations that confer more capabilities to our VLP material, we manipulated the CP primary structure to test the importance of various putative stabilizing interactions. Optimization of a procedure to incorporate fused CP subunits allowed for good control over the average number of covalent dimers in each VLP. We confirmed that the disulfide linkages are the most important stabilizing elements for the capsid and that acidic conditions significantly enhance the resistance of VLPs to thermal degradation. Interdimer interactions were found to be less important for VLP assembly than intradimer interactions. Finally, a single point mutation in the CP resulted in a population of smaller VLPs in three distinct structural forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Cody Higginson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Marisa L. Hovlid
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alexander A. Kislukhin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Castillejos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Florian Manzenrieder
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Melody G. Campbell
- Department of Cell Biology and the National Resource for Automated Molecular Spectroscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Neil R. Voss
- Department of Cell Biology and the National Resource for Automated Molecular Spectroscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- Department of Cell Biology and the National Resource for Automated Molecular Spectroscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bridget Carragher
- Department of Cell Biology and the National Resource for Automated Molecular Spectroscopy, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - M.G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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44
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Rhee JK, Baksh M, Nycholat C, Paulson JC, Kitagishi H, Finn MG. Glycan-targeted virus-like nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2333-8. [PMID: 22827531 DOI: 10.1021/bm300578p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have proven to be versatile platforms for chemical and genetic functionalization for a variety of purposes in biomedicine, catalysis, and materials science. We describe here the simultaneous modification of the bacteriophage Qβ VLP with a metalloporphyrin derivative for photodynamic therapy and a glycan ligand for specific targeting of cells bearing the CD22 receptor. This application benefits from the presence of the targeting function and the delivery of a high local concentration of singlet oxygen-generating payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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45
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Cohen BA, Kaloyeros AE, Bergkvist M. Nucleotide-driven packaging of a singlet oxygen generating porphyrin in an icosahedral virus. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611004324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Results are reported from investigations of the interactions between MS2 bacteriophages and a cationic porphyrin with potential use in photodynamic therapy. Based on the naturally strong binding between porphyrins and nucleic acids, it is suggested that this non-enveloped capsid could act as a self-loading, nanoscale carrier of porphyrins. By applying size exclusion chromatography in conjunction with UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that approximately 250 porphyrin molecules could associate and co-elute with a single capsid. Additionally, there is an observed red shift in the Soret peak of the porphyrin, indicating that the majority of the cationic porphyrin is capable of interacting with RNA on the interior of the capsid. It is also observed that removal of RNA from the interior of the MS2 capsid significantly reduces loading capacity of the porphyrin. Furthermore, MS2 bacteriophages loaded with porphyrins were shown to photogenerate singlet oxygen. These findings suggest that icosahedral viruses, such as MS2 bacteriophages, are able to function as self-packaging "nanoscale containers" and efficiently load cationic porphyrins, with potential benefits in areas such as targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Cohen
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, 253 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Alain E. Kaloyeros
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, 253 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Magnus Bergkvist
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, 253 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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46
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Abstract
The collection of chemical techniques that can be used to attach synthetic groups to proteins has expanded substantially in recent years. Each of these approaches allows new protein targets to be addressed, leading to advances in biological understanding, new protein-drug conjugates, targeted medical imaging agents and hybrid materials with complex functions. The protein modification reactions in current use vary widely in their inherent site selectivity, overall yields and functional group compatibility. Some are more amenable to large-scale bioconjugate production, and a number of techniques can be used to label a single protein in a complex biological mixture. This review examines the way in which experimental circumstances influence one's selection of an appropriate protein modification strategy. It also provides a simple decision tree that can narrow down the possibilities in many instances. The review concludes with example studies that examine how this decision process has been applied in different contexts.
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47
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Algar WR, Prasuhn DE, Stewart MH, Jennings TL, Blanco-Canosa JB, Dawson PE, Medintz IL. The controlled display of biomolecules on nanoparticles: a challenge suited to bioorthogonal chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:825-58. [PMID: 21585205 DOI: 10.1021/bc200065z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in developing diverse nanoparticle (NP)-biological composite materials continues to grow almost unabated. This is motivated primarily by the desire to simultaneously exploit the properties of both NP and biological components in new hybrid devices or materials that can be applied in areas ranging from energy harvesting and nanoscale electronics to biomedical diagnostics. The utility and effectiveness of these composites will be predicated on the ability to assemble these structures with control over NP/biomolecule ratio, biomolecular orientation, biomolecular activity, and the separation distance within the NP-bioconjugate architecture. This degree of control will be especially critical in creating theranostic NP-bioconjugates that, as a single vector, are capable of multiple functions in vivo, including targeting, image contrast, biosensing, and drug delivery. In this review, a perspective is given on current and developing chemistries that can provide improved control in the preparation of NP-bioconjugates. The nanoscale properties intrinsic to several prominent NP materials are briefly described to highlight the motivation behind their use. NP materials of interest include quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, viral capsids, liposomes, and NPs composed of gold, lanthanides, silica, polymers, or magnetic materials. This review includes a critical discussion on the design considerations for NP-bioconjugates and the unique challenges associated with chemistry at the biological-nanoscale interface-the liabilities of traditional bioconjugation chemistries being particularly prominent therein. Select bioorthogonal chemistries that can address these challenges are reviewed in detail, and include chemoselective ligations (e.g., hydrazone and Staudinger ligation), cycloaddition reactions in click chemistry (e.g., azide-alkyne cyclyoaddition, tetrazine ligation), metal-affinity coordination (e.g., polyhistidine), enzyme driven modifications (e.g., HaloTag, biotin ligase), and other site-specific chemistries. The benefits and liabilities of particular chemistries are discussed by highlighting relevant NP-bioconjugation examples from the literature. Potential chemistries that have not yet been applied to NPs are also discussed, and an outlook on future developments in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Optical Sciences Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue S.W., Washington, DC 20375, United States
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48
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Behrens CR, Hooker JM, Obermeyer AC, Romanini DW, Katz EM, Francis MB. Rapid chemoselective bioconjugation through oxidative coupling of anilines and aminophenols. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16398-401. [PMID: 21919497 PMCID: PMC3389565 DOI: 10.1021/ja2033298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient protein bioconjugation method is described involving addition of anilines to o-aminophenols in the presence of sodium periodate. The reaction takes place in aqueous buffer at pH 6.5 and can reach high conversion in 2-5 min. The major product was characterized using X-ray crystallography, which revealed that an unprecedented oxidative ring contraction occurs after the coupling step. The compatibility of the reaction with protein substrates has been demonstrated through attachment of small molecules, polymer chains, and peptides to p-aminophenylalanine residues introduced into viral capsids through amber stop codon suppression. Coupling of anilines to o-aminophenol groups derived from tyrosine residues is also described. The compatibility of this method with thiol modification chemistry is shown through attachment of a near-IR fluorescent chromophore to cysteine residues inside the viral capsid shells, followed by attachment of integrin-targeting RGD peptides to anilines on the exterior surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Behrens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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49
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Seim KL, Obermeyer AC, Francis MB. Oxidative modification of native protein residues using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16970-6. [PMID: 21967510 DOI: 10.1021/ja206324q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new protein modification strategy has been developed that is based on an oxidative coupling reaction that targets electron-rich amino acids. This strategy relies on cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an oxidation reagent and results in the coupling of tyrosine and tryptophan residues to phenylene diamine and anisidine derivatives. The methodology was first identified and characterized on peptides and small molecules, and was subsequently adapted for protein modification by determining appropriate buffer conditions. Using the optimized procedure, native and introduced solvent-accessible residues on proteins were selectively modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and small peptides. This unprecedented bioconjugation strategy targets these under-utilized amino acids with excellent chemoselectivity and affords good-to-high yields using low concentrations of the oxidant and coupling partners, short reaction times, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Seim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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50
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Witus LS, Francis MB. Using synthetically modified proteins to make new materials. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:774-83. [PMID: 21812400 DOI: 10.1021/ar2001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The uniquely diverse structures and functions of proteins offer many exciting opportunities for creating new materials with advanced properties. Exploiting these capabilities requires a set of versatile chemical reactions that can attach nonnatural groups to specific locations on protein surfaces. Over the years, we and others have developed a series of new techniques for protein bioconjugation, with a particular emphasis on achieving high site selectivity and yield. Using these reactions, we have been able to prepare a number of new materials with functions that depend on both the natural and the synthetic components. In this Account, we discuss our progress in protein bioconjugation over the past decade, focusing on three distinct projects. We first consider our work to harness sunlight artificially by mimicking features of the photosynthetic apparatus, with its beautifully integrated system of chromophores, electron transfer groups, and catalytic centers. Central to these photosystems are light-harvesting antennae having hundreds of precisely aligned chromophores with positions that are dictated by the proteins within the arrays. Our approach to generating similar arrangements involves the self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus coat proteins bearing synthetic chromophore groups. These systems offer efficient light collection, are easy to prepare, and can be used to build complex photocatalytic systems through the modification of multiple sites on the protein surfaces. We then discuss protein-based carriers that can deliver drugs and imaging agents to diseased tissues. The nanoscale agents we have built for this purpose are based on the hollow protein shell of bacteriophage MS2. These 27 nm capsids have 32 pores, which allow the entry of relatively large organic molecules into the protein shell without requiring disassembly. Our group has developed a series of chemical strategies that can install dyes, radiolabels, MRI contrast agents, and anticancer drugs on the inside surface of these capsids. We have also developed methods to decorate the external surfaces with binders for specific proteins on cancer cells. As a third research area, our group has developed protein-polymer hybrid materials for water remediation. To reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in living cells, Nature has evolved metallothioneins, which are sulfur-rich polypeptides that bind mercury, cadmium, and other toxic ions at sub-parts-per-billion concentrations. Unfortunately, these proteins are very difficult to incorporate into polymers, largely because typical protein modification reactions target the very cysteine, lysine, and carboxylate-containing residues that are required for their proper function. To address this challenge, we developed a new way to attach these (and many other) proteins to polymer chains by expressing them as part of an N- and C-terminal modification "cassette". The resulting materials retain their selectivity and can remove trace amounts of toxic metal ions from ocean water. Each of these examples has presented a new set of protein bioconjugation challenges that have been met through the development of new reaction methodology. Future progress in the generation of protein-based materials will require scalable synthetic techniques with improved yields and selectivities, inexpensive purification methods for bioconjugates, and theoretical and dynamical treatments for designing new materials through protein self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S. Witus
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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