1
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Tarai A, Nath B. A review on oxime functionality: an ordinary functional group with significant impacts in supramolecular chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38916274 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The oxime functional group is pivotal in chemistry, finding extensive applications in medical science, catalysis, organic functional group transformations, and the recognition of essential and toxic analytes. While the coordination chemistry of oxime derivatives has been thoroughly explored and several reviews have been published on this topic in reputable journals, a comprehensive review encompassing various aspects such as crystal engineering, cation and anion recognition, as well as coordination chemistry activities, is still in demand. This feature article highlights the diverse applications of oxime derivatives across multiple domains of chemistry, including medicine, agriculture, crystal engineering, coordination chemistry, and molecular recognition studies. Each of the oxime derivatives in this feature article are meticulously described in terms of their medicinal applications, crop protection, crystal engineering attributes, analyte recognition capabilities, and coordination chemistry aspects. By providing a comprehensive overview of their versatile applications, this article aims to inspire researchers to explore and develop novel oxime-based derivatives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Tarai
- School of Advanced Sciences and Languages (SASL), VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal-466114, Madya Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhaskar Nath
- Department of Educational Sciences, Assam University Silchar, Assam-788011, India.
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2
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Feng HN, Sun Z, Chen S, Zhang ZH, Li Z, Zhong Z, Sun T, Ma Y, Zhang L. A Star of David [2]catenane of single handedness. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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3
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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4
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Liu H, Lu HH, Zhuang J, Thayumanavan S. Three-Component Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: From Janus Small Molecules to Functional Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20735-20746. [PMID: 34870962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new multicomponent reaction involving 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, amine, and 2-mercaptobenzaldehyde (HAM reaction) has been developed and applied to multicomponent polymerization and controlled radical polymerization for the construction of random and block copolymers. This chemistry features mild reaction conditions, high yield, simple isolation, and water as the only byproduct. With the advantages of the distinct nucleophilicity of thiol and hydroxyl groups, the chemistry could be used for stepwise labeling and modifications on primary amines. The Janus chemical joint formed from this reaction exhibits degradability in buffers and generates the corresponding starting reagents, allowing amine release. Interestingly, the chemical joint exhibits thermally activated reversibility with water as the catalyst. This multicomponent dynamic covalent feature has been applied to the metamorphosis of random and block copolymers, generating polymers with diverse architectures. This chemistry is expected to be broadly applicable to synthetic polymer chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hung-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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5
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Yang D, Krbek LKS, Yu L, Ronson TK, Thoburn JD, Carpenter JP, Greenfield JL, Howe DJ, Wu B, Nitschke JR. Glucose Binding Drives Reconfiguration of a Dynamic Library of Urea‐Containing Metal–Organic Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Larissa K. S. Krbek
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Present address: Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Department of Chemistry Randolph-Macon College Ashland VA 23005 USA
| | - John P. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Duncan J. Howe
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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6
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Yang D, von Krbek LKS, Yu L, Ronson TK, Thoburn JD, Carpenter JP, Greenfield JL, Howe DJ, Wu B, Nitschke JR. Glucose Binding Drives Reconfiguration of a Dynamic Library of Urea-Containing Metal-Organic Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4485-4490. [PMID: 33217126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A bis-urea-functionalized ditopic subcomponent assembled with 2-formylpyridine and FeII , resulting in a dynamic library of metal-organic assemblies: an irregular FeII 4 L6 structure and three FeII 2 L3 stereoisomers: left- and right-handed helicates and a meso-structure. This library reconfigured in response to the addition of monosaccharide derivatives, which served as guests for specific library members, and the rate of saccharide mutarotation was also enhanced by the library. The (P) enantiomer of the FeII 2 L3 helical structure bound β-D-glucose selectively over α-D-glucose. As a consequence, the library collapsed into the (P)-FeII 2 L3 helicate following glucose addition. The α-D-glucose was likewise transformed into the β-D-anomer during equilibration and binding. Thus, β-D-glucose and (P)-3 amplified each other in the product mixture, as metal-organic and saccharide libraries geared together into a single equilibrating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Larissa K S von Krbek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Present address: Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - John D Thoburn
- Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
| | - John P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Duncan J Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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7
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8
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Koenis MAJ, Chibueze CS, Jinks MA, Nicu VP, Visscher L, Goldup SM, Buma WJ. Vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy for probing the expression of chirality in mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8469-8475. [PMID: 34123106 PMCID: PMC8163398 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules can exhibit molecular chirality that arises due to the mechanical bond rather than covalent stereogenic units. Developing applications of such systems is made challenging by the absence of techniques for assigning the absolute configuration of products and methods to probe how the mechanical stereogenic unit influences the spatial arrangements of the functional groups in solution. Here we demonstrate for the first time that Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) can be used to not only discriminate between mechanical stereoisomers but also provide detailed information on their (co)conformations. The latter is particularly important as these molecules are now under investigation in catalysis and sensing, both of which rely on the solution phase shape of the interlocked structure. Detailed analysis of the VCD spectra shows that, although many of the signals arise from coupled oscillators isolated in the covalent sub-components, intercomponent coupling between the macrocycle and axle gives rise to several VCD bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A J Koenis
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - C S Chibueze
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M A Jinks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton University Road, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Valentin P Nicu
- Department of Environmental Science, Physics, Physical Education and Sport, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu loan Ratiu Street, Nr. 7-9 550012 Sibiu Romania
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Section Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - S M Goldup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton University Road, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Wybren J Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
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9
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Tai TY, Liu YH, Lai CC, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Absolute Configurations of Topologically Chiral [2]Catenanes and the Acid/Base-Flippable Directions of Their Optical Rotations. Org Lett 2019; 21:5708-5712. [PMID: 31283244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configurations of the two enantiomers of a topologically chiral [2]catenane were determined unambiguously based on HPLC resolution and X-ray crystal analysis. Although structurally dissimilar to simple amino acids, the optical rotations of these separated [2]catenanes share the Clough-Lutz-Jirgensons behavior of amino acids: the optical rotation flips direction in the presence of acid and base, the first example of such behavior for a mechanically interlocked topologically chiral catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yi Tai
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung City 402 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan , R.O.C
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10
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Denis M, Lewis JEM, Modicom F, Goldup SM. An Auxiliary Approach for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Topologically Chiral Catenanes. Chem 2019; 5:1512-1520. [PMID: 31294128 PMCID: PMC6588264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Catenanes, molecules in which two rings are threaded through one another like links in a chain, can form as two structures related like an object and its mirror image but otherwise identical if the individual rings lack bilateral symmetry. These structures are described as “topologically chiral” because, unlike most chiral molecules, it is not possible to convert one mirror-image form to the other under the rules of mathematical topology. Although intriguing and discussed as early as 1961, to date all methods of accessing molecules containing only this topological stereogenic element require the separation of the mirror-image forms via chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which has limited their investigation to date. Here, we present a simple method that uses a readily available source of chiral information to allow the stereoselective synthesis of topologically chiral catenanes. First stereoselective synthesis of a topologically chiral catenane First absolute stereochemical assignment of a topologically chiral catenane First example of an auxiliary approach to topologically chiral catenanes
Chiral molecules have occupied a special place in chemistry since Pasteur reported the painstaking separation of mirror-image crystals of tartaric acid salts in 1848. In the 21st century, chiral molecules remain a major scientific focus because of their importance in biology and their emerging applications in materials science. However, topologically chiral molecules, such as the catenanes described here, have received little attention because they are hard to make; preparative chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography allows the separation of their mirror-image forms but only on a very small scale. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of topologically chiral catenanes by using standard synthetic techniques, marking their transition from “inaccessible curiosities” to valid synthetic targets for investigation in catalysis, sensing, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. Furthermore, this work will inspire efforts to access other neglected classes of chiral interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James E M Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Florian Modicom
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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11
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14806-14810. [PMID: 30253008 PMCID: PMC6220991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral interlocked molecules in which the mechanical bond provides the sole stereogenic unit are typically produced with no control over the mechanical stereochemistry. Here we report a stereoselective approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in up to 98:2 d.r. using a readily available α-amino acid-derived azide. Symmetrization of the covalent stereocenter yields a rotaxane in which the mechanical bond provides the only stereogenic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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12
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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13
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Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Chirality in rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5266-5311. [PMID: 29796501 PMCID: PMC6049620 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although chiral mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been synthesised and studied, enantiopure examples are relatively under-represented in the pantheon of reported catenanes and rotaxanes and the underlying chirality of the system is often even overlooked. This is changing with the advent of new applications of MIMs in catalysis, sensing and materials and the appearance of new methods to access unusual stereogenic units unique to the mechanical bond. Here we discuss the different stereogenic units that have been investigated in catenanes and rotaxanes, examples of their application, methods for assigning absolute stereochemistry and provide a perspective on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. G. Jamieson
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - F. Modicom
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - S. M. Goldup
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
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14
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Lamouroux A, Sebaoun L, Wicher B, Kauffmann B, Ferrand Y, Maurizot V, Huc I. Controlling Dipole Orientation through Curvature: Aromatic Foldamer Bent β-Sheets and Helix–Sheet–Helix Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14668-14675. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lamouroux
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laure Sebaoun
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Européen
de Chimie Biologie (UMS3033/US001), 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Victor Maurizot
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Européen de
Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue
Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
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15
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Komáromy D, Stuart MCA, Monreal Santiago G, Tezcan M, Krasnikov VV, Otto S. Self-Assembly Can Direct Dynamic Covalent Bond Formation toward Diversity or Specificity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6234-6241. [PMID: 28398730 PMCID: PMC5423079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
With
the advent of reversible covalent chemistry the study of the
interplay between covalent bond formation and noncovalent interactions
has become increasingly relevant. Here we report that the interplay
between reversible disulfide chemistry and self-assembly can give
rise either to molecular diversity, i.e., the emergence of a unprecedentedly
large range of macrocycles or to molecular specificity, i.e., the
autocatalytic emergence of a single species. The two phenomena are
the result of two different modes of self-assembly, demonstrating
that control over self-assembly pathways can enable control over covalent
bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Komáromy
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meniz Tezcan
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V Krasnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Chung MK, White PS, Lee SJ, Gagné MR, Waters ML. Investigation of a Catenane with a Responsive Noncovalent Network: Mimicking Long-Range Responses in Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13344-13352. [PMID: 27631725 PMCID: PMC5553285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a functional synthetic model for studying the noncovalent networks (NCNs) required for complex protein functions. The model [2]-catenane is self-assembled from dipeptide building blocks and contains an extensive network of hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions. Perturbations to the catenane cause compensating changes in the NCNs structure and dynamics, resulting in long-distance changes reminiscent of a protein. Key findings include the notion that NCNs require regions of negative cooperativity, or "frustrated" noncovalent interactions, as a source of potential energy for driving the response. We refer to this potential energy as latent free energy and describe a mechanistic and energetic model for responsive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J. Lee
- U.S. Army Research Office, P.O. Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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17
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Alfonso I. From simplicity to complex systems with bioinspired pseudopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:239-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07596c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This feature article highlights some of the recent advances in creating complexity from simple pseudopeptidic molecules. The bioinspired approaches discussed here allowed an increase in the structural, chemical and interactional complexity (see figure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia
- IQAC-CSIC
- Jordi Girona
- 18-26
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Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenanes: fifty years of molecular links. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6110-50. [PMID: 25951013 PMCID: PMC4515087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Half a century after Schill and Lüttringhaus carried out the first directed synthesis of a [2]catenane, a plethora of strategies now exist for the construction of molecular Hopf links (singly interlocked rings), the simplest type of catenane. The precision and effectiveness with which suitable templates and/or noncovalent interactions can arrange building blocks has also enabled the synthesis of intricate and often beautiful higher order interlocked systems, including Solomon links, Borromean rings, and a Star of David catenane. This Review outlines the diverse strategies that exist for synthesizing catenanes in the 21st century and examines their emerging applications and the challenges that still exist for the synthesis of more complex topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Gil-Ramírez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net.
| | - Alexander J Stephens
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK) http://www.catenane.net
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Gil-Ramírez G, Leigh DA, Stephens AJ. Catenane: fünfzig Jahre molekulare Verschlingungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liang J, Huang H, He L, Liu N, Chen Y, Bu W. Tuning the luminescence behaviors of a chloroplatinum(ii) complex by component exchanges of dynamic acylhydrazone bonds. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:66-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02912g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exchange reactions of dynamic acylhydrazone bonds with acylhydrazine or aldehyde lead to controllable emissions of a cationic chloroplatinum(ii) complex in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Huanting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Lipeng He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Nijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Yanhuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
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Herrmann A. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry: a tool to read, generate and modulate the bioactivity of compounds and compound mixtures. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1899-933. [PMID: 24296754 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent bond formation under thermodynamic control adds reactivity to self-assembled supramolecular systems, and is therefore an ideal tool to assess complexity of chemical and biological systems. Dynamic combinatorial/covalent chemistry (DCC) has been used to read structural information by selectively assembling receptors with the optimum molecular fit around a given template from a mixture of reversibly reacting building blocks. This technique allows access to efficient sensing devices and the generation of new biomolecules, such as small molecule receptor binders for drug discovery, but also larger biomimetic polymers and macromolecules with particular three-dimensional structural architectures. Adding a kinetic factor to a thermodynamically controlled equilibrium results in dynamic resolution and in self-sorting and self-replicating systems, all of which are of major importance in biological systems. Furthermore, the temporary modification of bioactive compounds by reversible combinatorial/covalent derivatisation allows control of their release and facilitates their transport across amphiphilic self-assembled systems such as artificial membranes or cell walls. The goal of this review is to give a conceptual overview of how the impact of DCC on supramolecular assemblies at different levels can allow us to understand, predict and modulate the complexity of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Firmenich SA, Division Recherche et Développement, Route des Jeunes 1, B. P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland.
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22
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Evans NH, Beer PD. Progress in the synthesis and exploitation of catenanes since the Millennium. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4658-83. [PMID: 24676138 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catenanes - molecules consisting of interlocked macrocyclic rings - have been prepared by templation strategies for some thirty years. The utilization of Cu(I) cation, aromatic donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding assisted self-assembly strategies has led to the construction of numerous examples of these aesthetically pleasing species. This review seeks to discuss key developments in the synthesis and functional application of catenanes that have occurred since the Millennium. The much expanded range of metal cation templates; the genesis and growth of anion templation, as well as the use of alternative supramolecular interactions (halogen bonding and radical templation) and thermodynamically controlled reactions to synthesize catenanes are detailed. The class of catenanes that may be described as "molecular machines" are then highlighted and to conclude, attempts to fabricate catenanes onto surfaces and into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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23
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Matache M, Bogdan E, Hădade ND. Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:2106-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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A novel protocol to accelerate dynamic combinatorial chemistry via isolation of ligand–target adducts from dynamic combinatorial libraries: A case study identifying competitive inhibitors of lysozyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5174-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li J, Nowak P, Otto S. Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries: From Exploring Molecular Recognition to Systems Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9222-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Since its inception in the mid-1990s, dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC), the chemistry of complex systems under thermodynamic control, has proved valuable in identifying unexpected molecules with remarkable binding properties and in providing effective synthetic routes to complex species. Essentially, in this approach, one designs the experiment rather than the molecule. DCC has also provided us with insights into how some chemical systems respond to external stimuli. Using examples from the work of our laboratory and others, this Account shows how the concept of DCC, inspired by the evolution of living systems, has found an increasing range of applications in diverse areas and has evolved conceptually and experimentally. A dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) is a thermodynamically controlled mixture of interconverting species that can respond to various stimuli. The Cambridge version of dynamic combinatorial chemistry was initially inspired by the mammalian immune system and was conceived as a way to create and identify new unpredictable receptors. For example, an added template can select and stabilize a strongly binding member of the library which is then amplified at the expense of the unsuccessful library members, minimizing the free energy of the system. But researchers have exploited DCC in a variety of other ways: over the past two decades, this technique has contributed to the evolution of chemistry and to applications in the diverse fields of catalysis, fragrance release, and responsive materials. Among these applications, researchers have built intricate and well-defined architectures such as catenanes or hydrogen-bonded nanotubes, using the ability of complex chemical systems to reach a high level of organization. In addition, DCC has proved a powerful tool for the study of complex molecular networks and systems. The use of DCC is improving our understanding of chemical and biological systems. The study of folding or self-replicating macrocycles in DCLs has served as a model for appreciating how complex organisations such as life can emerge from a pool of simple chemicals. Today, DCC is no longer restricted to thermodynamic control, and new systems have recently appeared in which kinetic and thermodynamic control coexist. Expanding the realm of DCC to unexplored and promising new territories, these hybrid systems show that the concept of dynamic combinatorial chemistry continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Cougnon FBL, Ponnuswamy N, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Structural Parameters Governing the Dynamic Combinatorial Synthesis of Catenanes in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Nandhini Ponnuswamy
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Jenkins
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - G. Dan Pantoş
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA 7AY,
Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
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Ito S, Ono K, Iwasawa N. Controlled Self-Assembly of Multiple Diastereomeric Macrocyclic Boronic Esters Composed of Two Chiral Units. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13962-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and JST-CREST, O-okayama, Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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29
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Chung MK, White PS, Lee SJ, Waters ML, Gagné MR. Self-Assembled Multi-Component Catenanes: Structural Insights into an Adaptable Class of Molecular Receptors and [2]-Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11415-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302345n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Kyung Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Peter S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lee
- U.S. Army Research Office, P.O.
Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Marcey L. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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30
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Chung MK, Lee SJ, Waters ML, Gagné MR. Self-Assembled Multi-Component Catenanes: The Effect of Multivalency and Cooperativity on Structure and Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11430-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302347q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Kyung Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lee
- U.S. Army Research Office, P.O. Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Marcey L. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Martínez-Castañeda Á, Rodríguez-Solla H, Concellón C, del Amo V. TBD/Al2O3: a novel catalytic system for dynamic intermolecular aldol reactions that exhibit complex system behaviour. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1976-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cougnon FBL, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Templated Dynamic Synthesis of a [3]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Cougnon FBL, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Templated Dynamic Synthesis of a [3]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1443-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cougnon FBL, Au-Yeung HY, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Exploring the Formation Pathways of Donor−Acceptor Catenanes in Aqueous Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3198-207. [DOI: 10.1021/ja111407m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
| | - G. Dan Pantoş
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, U.K
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K
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Au-Yeung HY, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Dynamic Combinatorial Donor−Acceptor Catenanes in Water: Access to Unconventional and Unexpected Structures. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1257-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101981p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - G. Dan Pantoş
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Hunt RAR, Otto S. Dynamic combinatorial libraries: new opportunities in systems chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:847-58. [PMID: 21116521 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A R Hunt
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Chung MK, Severin K, Lee SJ, Waters ML, Gagné MR. Constitutionally selective amplification of multicomponent 84-membered macrocyclic hosts for (−)-cytidine•H+. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00548g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Mansfeld FM, Au-Yeung HY, Sanders JKM, Otto S. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry at the phospholipid bilayer interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1186/1759-2208-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Molecular recognition at the environment provided by the phospholipid bilayer interface plays an important role in biology and is subject of intense investigation. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a powerful approach for exploring molecular recognition, but has thus far not been adapted for use in this special microenvironment.
Results
Thioester exchange was found to be a suitable reversible reaction to achieve rapid equilibration of dynamic combinatorial libraries at the egg phosphatidyl choline bilayer interface. Competing thioester hydrolysis can be minimised by judicial choice of the structure of the thioesters and the experimental conditions. Comparison of the library compositions in bulk solution with those in the presence of egg PC revealed that the latter show a bias towards the formation of library members rich in membrane-bound building blocks. This leads to a shift away from macrocyclic towards linear library members.
Conclusions
The methodology to perform dynamic combinatorial chemistry at the phospholipid bilayer interface has been developed. The spatial confinement of building blocks to the membrane interface can shift the ring-chain equilibrium in favour of chain-like compounds. These results imply that interfaces may be used as a platform to direct systems to the formation of (informational) polymers under conditions where small macrocycles would dominate in the absence of interfacial confinement.
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