1
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Jyoti Boruah D, Kathirvelan D, Bora K, Awatar Maurya R, Yuvaraj P. Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives via [3+2] Cycloaddition and Their Potential as Lung Cancer Inhibitors: An In Silico Study. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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2
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Rademann J, Ahsanullah A, Hassan A, Ansari FL. Integration of C-Acylation in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics Employing Meldrum’s Acid, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Ylides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1667-3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe modification of native peptides to peptidomimetics is an important goal in medicinal chemistry and requires, in many cases, the integration of C-acylation steps involving amino acids with classical peptide synthesis. Many classical C-acylation protocols involving Claisen condensations and the use of ylides are not compatible with peptide synthesis, mostly due to the requirements for strong bases leading to epimerization or deprotection of peptides. Meldrum’s acid as well as several specific phosphorus and sulfur ylides, however, are acidic enough to provide reactive C-nucleophiles under mildly basic conditions tolerated during peptide synthesis. This review provides an overview of peptide-compatible C-acylations using Meldrum’s acid and phosphorus and sulfur ylides, and their application in the medicinal chemistry of peptides.1 Introduction2 C-Acylation of Meldrum’s Acid2.1 C-Acylation of Meldrum’s Acid on Solid Phase3 Ylides as Substrates for C-Acylation3.1 C-Acylation of Phosphorus Ylides in Solution Phase3.2 C-Acylation of Solid-Supported Phosphorus Ylides3.3 C-Acylation of Sulfur Ylides3.4 C-Acylation of Solid-Supported Sulfur Ylides4 Miscellaneous Ylides as Acyl Anion Equivalents5 Summary
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rademann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Medizinische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University
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3
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Voss S, Rademann J, Nitsche C. Peptide–Bismuth Bicycles: In Situ Access to Stable Constrained Peptides with Superior Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saan Voss
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Freie Universität Berlin Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Freie Universität Berlin Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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4
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Li H, Li J, Chao J, Zhang Z, Qin C. Head-to-tail cyclization for the synthesis of naturally occurring cyclic peptides on organophosphorus small-molecular supports. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphinyloxyl) diphenyl ketoxime and 4-diphenyl phospholoxy benzyl alcohol were designed and prepared as supports for peptide synthesis. The total synthesis of cyclic peptides in a resin-free manner was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junyou Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Special Functional & Intelligent Polymer materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Supernormal Material Physics & Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Polymer Science & Technology, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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5
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Voss S, Rademann J, Nitsche C. Peptide-Bismuth Bicycles: In Situ Access to Stable Constrained Peptides with Superior Bioactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113857. [PMID: 34825756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Constrained peptides are promising next-generation therapeutics. We report here a fundamentally new strategy for the facile generation of bicyclic peptides using linear precursor peptides with three cysteine residues and a non-toxic trivalent bismuth(III) salt. Peptide-bismuth bicycles form instantaneously at physiological pH, are stable in aqueous solution for many weeks, and much more resistant to proteolysis than their linear precursors. The strategy allows the in situ generation of bicyclic ligands for biochemical screening assays. We demonstrate this for two screening campaigns targeting the proteases from Zika and West Nile viruses, revealing a new lead compound that displayed inhibition constants of 23 and 150 nM, respectively. Bicyclic peptides are up to 130 times more active and 19 times more proteolytically stable than their linear analogs without bismuth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saan Voss
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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6
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Bechtler C, Lamers C. Macrocyclization strategies for cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1325-1351. [PMID: 34447937 PMCID: PMC8372203 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are a growing therapeutic class due to their unique spatial characteristics that can target traditionally "undruggable" protein-protein interactions and surfaces. Despite their advantages, peptides must overcome several key shortcomings to be considered as drug leads, including their high conformational flexibility and susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage. As a general approach for overcoming these challenges, macrocyclization of a linear peptide can usually improve these characteristics. Their synthetic accessibility makes peptide macrocycles very attractive, though traditional synthetic methods for macrocyclization can be challenging for peptides, especially for head-to-tail cyclization. This review provides an updated summary of the available macrocyclization chemistries, such as traditional lactam formation, azide-alkyne cycloadditions, ring-closing metathesis as well as unconventional cyclization reactions, and it is structured according to the obtained functional groups. Keeping peptide chemistry and screening in mind, the focus is given to reactions applicable in solution, on solid supports, and compatible with contemporary screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bechtler
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel Klingelbergstr. 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christina Lamers
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel Klingelbergstr. 50 4056 Basel Switzerland
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7
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Cui X, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhong X, Tan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang X. Regitz Diazo Transfer Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,4,5-Trisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles and Subsequent Regiospecific Construction of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles via C-C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4071-4080. [PMID: 33620225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient methodology has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted dicarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles and 1,4-disubstituted sole-carbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles via a C-C bond cleavage process. The Regitz diazo transfer and C-C bond cleavage were the key steps of this transformation, which provided diverse carbonyl-substituted structural 1,2,3-triazoles. This reaction featured with excellent regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance, and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Jianlan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
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8
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Varala R, Bollikolla HB, Kurmarayuni CM. Synthesis of Pharmacological Relevant 1,2,3-Triazole and its Analogues-A Review. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:101-124. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200914142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, authors focus mostly on the various synthetic strategies developed so far for 1,2,3-
triazole scaffold and its derivatives via different approaches such as metal-free, metal assisted or bimetallic. A
brief overview of applications of the very important 1,2,3-triazole scaffold along with pharmacological activity is
also discussed. Synthetic strategies are updated until June 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Varala
- Scrips Pharma, Mallapur, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 076, India
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9
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Zhang X, Cui X, Wang W, Zeng T, Wang Y, Tan Y, Liu D, Wang X, Li Y. Base‐Promoted Regiospecific Synthesis of Fully Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles and 1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Xue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Department Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100700 P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University Haikou 571199 P. R. China
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10
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Masri E, Ahsanullah, Accorsi M, Rademann J. Side-Chain Modification of Peptides Using a Phosphoranylidene Amino Acid. Org Lett 2020; 22:2976-2980. [PMID: 32223201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flexible variation of peptidomimetics is of great interest for the identification of optimized protein ligands. Here we present a general concept for introducing side-chain modifications into peptides using triarylphosphonium amino acids. Building blocks 4a and 4b are activated for amidation and incorporated into stable peptides. The obtained phosphoranylidene peptides undergo Wittig olefinations and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, yielding peptidomimetics with vinyl ketones and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as non-native peptide side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaam Masri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy/Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahsanullah
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy/Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Matteo Accorsi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy/Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy/Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Prabhakaran P, Rajakumar P. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of spiropyrrolidine-oxindole and bis-spiropyrrolizidine-oxindole grafted macrocycles through [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10263-10276. [PMID: 35498613 PMCID: PMC9050375 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient method for the regioselective macrocyclization of triazole bridged spiropyrrolidine-oxindole, and bis-spiropyrrolizidine-oxindole derivatives was accomplished through intra and self-intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. The chalcone isatin precursors 9a-i required for the click reaction were obtained from the reaction of N-alkylazidoisatin 4 and propargyloxy chalcone 8a-i which in turn were obtained by the aldol condensation of propargyloxy salicylaldehyde 6 and substituted methyl ketones 7a-i. The regio- and stereochemical outcome of the cycloadducts were assigned based on 2D NMR and confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. High efficiency, mild reaction conditions, high regio- and stereoselectivity, atom economy and operational simplicity are the exemplary advantages of the employed macrocyclization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Prabhakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai-600 025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai-600 025 Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Pokhodylo NT, Shyyka OY, Goreshnik EA, Obushak MD. 4‐Phosphonated or 4‐Free 1,2,3‐Triazoles: What Controls the Dimroth Reaction of Arylazides with 2‐Oxopropylphosphonates? ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazariy T. Pokhodylo
- Department of Organic ChemistryIvan Franko National University of Lviv Kyryla I Mefodiya, 6 Lviv 79005 Ukraine
| | - Olga Ya. Shyyka
- Department of Organic ChemistryIvan Franko National University of Lviv Kyryla I Mefodiya, 6 Lviv 79005 Ukraine
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of InorganicChemistry and Technology, Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mykola D. Obushak
- Department of Organic ChemistryIvan Franko National University of Lviv Kyryla I Mefodiya, 6 Lviv 79005 Ukraine
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13
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Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis represents an ultimate sophisticated synthetic strategy on insoluble supports. Compounds synthesized on solid supports can be released without a trace of the linker that was used to tether the intermediates during the synthesis. Thus, the target products are composed only of the components (atoms, functional groups) inherent to the target core structure. A wide variety of synthetic strategies have been developed to prepare products in a traceless manner, and this review is dedicated to all aspects of traceless solid-phase organic synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis does not need to be carried out on a linker designed for traceless synthesis; most of the synthetic approaches described herein were developed using standard, commercially available linkers (originally devised for solid-phase peptide synthesis). The type of structure prepared in a traceless fashion is not restricted. The individual synthetic approaches are divided into eight sections, each devoted to a different methodology for traceless synthesis. Each section consists of a brief outline of the synthetic strategy followed by a description of individual reported syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naděžda Cankařová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Center , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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14
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Abstract
This Review is devoted to the chemistry of macrocyclic peptides having heterocyclic fragments in their structure. These motifs are present in many natural products and synthetic macrocycles designed against a particular biochemical target. Thiazole and oxazole are particularly common constituents of naturally occurring macrocyclic peptide molecules. This frequency of occurrence is because the thiazole and oxazole rings originate from cysteine, serine, and threonine residues. Whereas other heteroaryl groups are found less frequently, they offer many insightful lessons that range from conformational control to receptor/ligand interactions. Many options to develop new and improved technologies to prepare natural products have appeared in recent years, and the synthetic community has been pursuing synthetic macrocycles that have no precedent in nature. This Review attempts to summarize progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyar
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
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15
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Zhang X, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. Transition-metal-free regioselective construction of 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles through dehydrative cycloaddition of alcohols with aryl azides mediated by SO 2F 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2845-2848. [PMID: 30768105 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple and practical method for mild, efficient, cost-effective and regioselective synthesis of highly valuable 1,5-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles was achieved through dehydrative annulation of readily available alcohols with aryl azides. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, without any metal catalysts, exhibiting excellent compatibility to a large variety of functional groups (>50 examples), resulting in up to quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Orally Active Peptides: Is There a Magic Bullet? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14414-14438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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17
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Oral aktive Peptide: Gibt es ein Patentrezept? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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18
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Hamdan F, Tahoori F, Balalaie S. Synthesis of novel cyclopeptides containing heterocyclic skeletons. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33893-33926. [PMID: 35548835 PMCID: PMC9086729 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopeptides can be considered as naturally biologically active compounds. Over the last several decades, many attempts have been made to synthesize complex naturally occurring cyclopeptides, and great progress has been achieved to advance the field of total synthesis. Moreover, cyclopeptides containing heterocyclic skeletons have been recently developed into powerful reactions and approaches. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the synthesis of cyclopeptides containing heterocyclic skeletons such as triazole, oxazole, thiazole, and tetrazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hamdan
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahoori
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Karaj Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology P. O. Box 15875-4416 Tehran Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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Gless BH, Olsen CA. Direct Peptide Cyclization and One-Pot Modification Using the MeDbz Linker. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10525-10534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt H. Gless
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Kaldas SJ, Yudin AK. Achieving Skeletal Diversity in Peptide Macrocycles through The Use of Heterocyclic Grafts. Chemistry 2018; 24:7074-7082. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif J. Kaldas
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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21
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Lima CGS, Ali A, van Berkel SS, Westermann B, Paixão MW. Emerging approaches for the synthesis of triazoles: beyond metal-catalyzed and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:10784-96. [PMID: 26066359 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04114g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions have proven to be a powerful tool for the assembly of key heterocycles, in particular diversely functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles. A number of metal-free (3+2)-cycloaddition approaches have been developed up to date with the aim to circumvent the use of metal catalysts allowing these reactions to take place in biological systems without perturbation of the naturally occurring processes. This feature article specifically provides an overview of emerging metal-free synthetic routes, and their mechanistic features, in the formation of functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G S Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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22
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González-Calderón D, Fuentes-Benítes A, Díaz-Torres E, González-González CA, González-Romero C. Azide-Enolate 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition as an Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles from Alkyl/Aryl Azides and β-Ketophosphonates. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Wan JP, Cao S, Liu Y. A Metal- and Azide-Free Multicomponent Assembly toward Regioselective Construction of 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9028-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules,
Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules,
Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules,
Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
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24
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Wan JP, Hu D, Liu Y, Sheng S. Azide-Free Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles: New Opportunity for Sustainable Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Yudin AK. Macrocycles: lessons from the distant past, recent developments, and future directions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:30-49. [PMID: 28553456 PMCID: PMC5424464 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A noticeable increase in molecular complexity of drug targets has created an unmet need in the therapeutic agents that are larger than traditional small molecules. Macrocycles, which are cyclic compounds comprising 12 atoms or more, are now recognized as molecules that "are up to the task" to interrogate extended protein interfaces. However, because macrocycles (particularly the ones based on peptides) are equipped with large polar surface areas, achieving cellular permeability and bioavailability is anything but straightforward. While one might consider this to be the Achilles' heel of this class of compounds, the synthetic community continues to develop creative approaches toward the synthesis of macrocycles and their site-selective modification. This perspective provides an overview of both mechanistic and structural issues that bear on macrocycles as a unique class of molecules. The reader is offered a historical foray into some of the classic studies that have resulted in the current renaissance of macrocycles. In addition, an attempt is made to overview the more recent developments that give hope that macrocycles might indeed turn into a useful therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . ; Blog: http://www.amphoteros.com
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26
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Bouché L, Reissig HU. Synthesis of Di- and Trivalent Carbohydrate Mimetics with Oxepane Substructure by Employing Copper-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes with Azidooxepanes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Efficient synthesis of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 via intramolecular ligation of peptide hydrazide. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Verzele D, Madder A. Patchwork protein chemistry: a practitioner's treatise on the advances in synthetic peptide stitchery. Chembiochem 2014; 14:1032-48. [PMID: 23775826 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the study of peptides and proteins at the heart of many scientific endeavors, the omics era heralded a multitude of opportunities for chemists and biologists alike. Across the interface with life sciences, peptide chemistry plays an indispensable role, and progress made over the past decades now allows proteins to be treated as molecular patchworks stitched together through synthetic tailoring. The continuous elaboration of sophisticated strategies notwithstanding, Merrifield's solid-phase methodology remains a cornerstone of chemical protein design. Although the non-practitioner might misjudge peptide synthesis as trivial, routine, or dull given its long history, we comment here on its many advances, obstacles, and prospects from a practitioner's point of view. While sharing our perspectives through thematic highlights across the literature, this treatise provides an interpretive overview as a guide to novices, and a recap for specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Verzele
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Ali A, Corrêa AG, Alves D, Zukerman-Schpector J, Westermann B, Ferreira MAB, Paixão MW. An efficient one-pot strategy for the highly regioselective metal-free synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11926-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient metal-free methodology for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles by applying a novel inverse electron-demand-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Arlene G. Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)
- Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry
- Halle, Germany
| | - Marco A. B. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Márcio W. Paixão
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
- São Carlos, Brazil
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30
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Cheng G, Zeng X, Shen J, Wang X, Cui X. A Metal-Free Multicomponent Cascade Reaction for the Regiospecific Synthesis of 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Cheng G, Zeng X, Shen J, Wang X, Cui X. A metal-free multicomponent cascade reaction for the regiospecific synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13265-8. [PMID: 24227395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 (P. R. China)
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32
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Purushothaman S, Prasanna R, Raghunathan R. Regioselective synthesis of spiropyrrolidine/spiropyrrolizidine/spirothiazolidine-grafted macrocycles through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition methodology. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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33
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Ajay A, Sharma S, Gupt MP, Bajpai V, Hamidullah, Kumar B, Kaushik MP, Konwar R, Ampapathi RS, Tripathi RP. Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Pyran Based Polyfunctional Stereogenic Macrocyles and Their Conformational Studies. Org Lett 2012; 14:4306-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3022275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Ajay
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Shrikant Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Munna Prasad Gupt
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Hamidullah
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Mahabir Prasad Kaushik
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Ravi Sankar Ampapathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India, and Process Technology Division, Defence and Research Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474011, M. P., India
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34
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Zheng JS, Tang S, Guo Y, Chang HN, Liu L. Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides and Cyclic Proteins via Ligation of Peptide Hydrazides. Chembiochem 2012; 13:542-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Ahsanullah, Al-Gharabli SI, Rademann J. Soluble Peptidyl Phosphoranes for Metal-Free, Stereoselective Ligations in Organic and Aqueous Solution. Org Lett 2011; 14:14-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsanullah
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
| | - Samer I. Al-Gharabli
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Engineering, German-Jordanian University, 35247 Amman, Jordan
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Abstract
Peptide macrocycles have found applications that range from drug discovery to nanomaterials. These ring-shaped molecules have shown remarkable capacity for functional fine-tuning. Such capacity is enabled by the possibility of adjusting the peptide conformation using the techniques of chemical synthesis. Cyclic peptides have been difficult, and often impossible, to prepare using traditional synthetic methods. For macrocyclization to occur, the activated peptide must adopt an entropically disfavoured pre-cyclization conformation before forming the desired product. Here, we review recent solutions to some of the major challenges in this important area of contemporary synthesis.
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37
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Uhlig N, Li CJ. Alkynes as an eco-compatible “on-call” functionality orthogonal to biological conditions in water. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, Fax: +45‐3533‐6122
| | - Andrew Abell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia
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39
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Petit S, Fruit C, Bischoff L. New family of peptidomimetics based on the imidazole motif. Org Lett 2011; 12:4928-31. [PMID: 20939523 DOI: 10.1021/ol102118u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Starting from amino acid esters, new peptidomimetics based on the imidazole scaffold were prepared. An efficient and rapid sequence consisting of two subsequent one-pot procedures was developed and applied to various aminoacids. As they provide more substitution patterns, these heterocyclic mimics are promising tools for structural and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Petit
- IRCOF-INSA Rouen-CNRS UMR 6014 COBRA, Université de Rouen, place Emile Blondel 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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40
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Palomo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis (CSIC), c/ Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Fax: +34‐91‐585‐4760
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