1
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Kimoto M, Sugiyama S, Kumano K, Inagaki S, Ito S. Social Self-Sorting of Quasi-Racemates: A Unique Approach for Dual-Pore Molecular Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17559-17565. [PMID: 38916517 PMCID: PMC11229008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in porous organic molecular crystals, the engineering of dual-pore systems within the intermolecular voids remains a significant challenge. In this study, we have achieved the crystallization-induced social self-sorting of "quasi-racemic" dialdehydes into a macrocyclic imine. X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously characterizes the resulting structure as incorporating two quasi-racemate pairs with four diamine molecules. Notably, different alkyl substituents on the quasi-racemates afford two types of one-dimensional pores within the macrocyclic imine crystal. The different adsorption properties of these pores were substantiated through adsorption experiments. An intriguing helical arrangement of guest molecules was observed within one of the pores. This study provides pioneering evidence that the social self-sorting of quasi-racemates offers a new methodology for creating dual-functional supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Kimoto
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sugiyama
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keigo Kumano
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inagaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Suguru Ito
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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2
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Sánchez M, Baltrusaitis J, Vasquez-Ríos MG, Campillo-Alvarado G, MacGillivray LR, Höpfl H. Nanoscale Dodecahedral and Fullerene-Type Organoboroxine and Borazine Cages from Planar Building Units. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5824-5830. [PMID: 38712765 PMCID: PMC11100284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Boroxine- and borazine-cage analogs to C20, C60, and C70 were calculated and compared in terms of structure, strain indicators, and physical properties relevant to nanoscale applications. The results show C60 and C70 type cages are less strained than the smaller congener, primarily due to minimized bending in the B-arylene-B segments. The smallest cage calculated has a diameter of 2.4 nm, which increases up to 4.9 nm by either variation of the polyhedron (C20 < C60 < C70-type cage) or organic spacer elongation between boron centers. All calculated cages are porous (apertures ranging from 0.6 to 1.9 nm). Molecular electrostatic potential and Hirshfeld population analysis revealed both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites in the interior and exterior cage surfaces. HOMO-LUMO gaps range from 3.98 to 4.89 eV and 5.10-5.18 eV for the boroxine- and borazine-cages, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the design and properties of highly porous boroxine and borazine cages for nanoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez
- Centro
de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Alianza Norte
202, Parque de Investigación en Innovación
Tecnológica (PIIT), Carretera Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 11, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Research Drive 111, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación
en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
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3
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Kraus J, Meingast L, Hald J, Beil SB, Biskupek J, Ritterhoff CL, Gsänger S, Eisenkolb J, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Maultzsch J, von Delius M. Simultaneous Inside and Outside Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402417. [PMID: 38489608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a robust way that does not affect the sp2 carbon framework is a considerable research challenge. Here we describe how triiodide salts of positively charged macrocycles can be used not only to functionalize SWCNTs from the outside, but simultaneously from the inside. We employed disulfide exchange in aqueous solvent to maximize the solvophobic effect and therefore achieve a high degree of macrocycle immobilization. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy, EDX-STEM and HR-TEM clearly showed that serendipitously this wet-chemical functionalization procedure also led to the encapsulation of polyiodide chains inside the nanotubes. The resulting three-shell composite materials are redox-active and experience an intriguing interplay of electrostatic, solvophobic and mechanical effects that could be of interest for applications in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meingast
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Hald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian L Ritterhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Eisenkolb
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Center of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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4
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Basford AR, Bennett SK, Xiao M, Turcani L, Allen J, Jelfs KE, Greenaway RL. Streamlining the automated discovery of porous organic cages. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6331-6348. [PMID: 38699265 PMCID: PMC11062116 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly through dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) can yield a range of multi-component organic assemblies. The reversibility and dynamic nature of DCC has made prediction of reaction outcome particularly difficult and thus slows the discovery rate of new organic materials. In addition, traditional experimental processes are time-consuming and often rely on serendipity. Here, we present a streamlined hybrid workflow that combines automated high-throughput experimentation, automated data analysis, and computational modelling, to accelerate the discovery process of one particular subclass of molecular organic materials, porous organic cages. We demonstrate how the design and implementation of this workflow aids in the identification of organic cages with desirable properties. The curation of a precursor library of 55 tri- and di-topic aldehyde and amine precursors enabled the experimental screening of 366 imine condensation reactions experimentally, and 1464 hypothetical organic cage outcomes to be computationally modelled. From the screen, 225 cages were identified experimentally using mass spectrometry, 54 of which were cleanly formed as a single topology as determined by both turbidity measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Integration of these characterisation methods into a fully automated Python pipeline, named cagey, led to over a 350-fold decrease in the time required for data analysis. This work highlights the advantages of combining automated synthesis, characterisation, and analysis, for large-scale data curation towards an accessible data-driven materials discovery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel R Basford
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Steven K Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Muye Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Lukas Turcani
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Jasmine Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rebecca L Greenaway
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
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5
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Zhang J, Zorn N, Leize-Wagner E, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Espinosa E, Aubert E, Vincent B, Chambron JC. Cyclotribenzylene alkynylgold(I) phosphine complexes: synthesis, chirality, and exchange of phosphine. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5521-5533. [PMID: 38419571 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Two different alkynyl-substituted C3-symmetric cyclotribenzylenes (CTB) were synthesized in racemic and enantiomerically pure forms, and six gold(I) phosphine complexes differing by the nature of the CTB and the phosphine were prepared and characterized, in particular by NMR spectroscopy, DOSY, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Their ECD patterns depended on the substitution of the starting CTBs and were shifted bathochromically by comparison with the latter. ESI-MS in the presence of HCO2H allowed us to detect the complexes as proton adducts. The intensities of the signals were stronger when the phosphine was more electron-rich. This technique was also used to investigate the exchange of phosphine betweeen pairs of CTB complexes. The scrambling reaction was demonstrated by the higher intensity of the signals of the complexes subjected to the exchange of a single phosphine ligand by comparison with the intensity of the signals of the starting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nathalie Zorn
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe, UMR 7140 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Vincent
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France.
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6
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Hollstein S, von Delius M. The Dynamic Chemistry of Orthoesters and Trialkoxysilanes: Making Supramolecular Hosts Adaptive, Fluxional, and Degradable. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38286767 PMCID: PMC10882968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe encapsulation of ions into macro(bi)cyclic hosts lies at the core of supramolecular chemistry. While chemically inert hosts such as crown ethers (synthesis) and cyclodextrins (Febreze) have enabled real-world applications, there is a wider and accelerating trend toward functional molecules and materials that are stimuli-responsive, degradable, or recyclable. To endow supramolecular hosts with these properties, a deviation from ether C-O bonds is required, and functional groups that engage in equilibrium reactions under relatively mild conditions are needed.In this Account, we describe our group's work on supramolecular hosts that comprise orthoester and trialkoxysilane bridgeheads. In their simplest structural realization, these compounds resemble both Cram's crown ethers (macrocycles with oxygen donor atoms) and Lehn's cryptands (macrobicycles with 3-fold symmetry). It is therefore not surprising that these new hosts were found to have a natural propensity to bind cations relatively strongly. In recent work, we were also able to create anion-binding hosts by placing disubstituted urea motifs at the center of the tripodal architecture. Structural modifications of either the terminal substituents (e.g., H vs CH3 on the bridgehead), the diol (e.g., chiral), or the bridgehead atom itself (Si vs C) were found to have profound implications on the guest-binding properties.What makes orthoester/trialkoxysilane hosts truly unique is their dynamic covalent chemistry. The ability to conduct exchange reactions with alcohols at the bridgehead carbon or silicon atom is first and foremost an opportunity to develop highly efficient syntheses. Indeed, all hosts presented in this Account were prepared via templated self-assembly in yields of up to 90%. This efficiency is remarkable because the macrobicyclic architecture is established in one single step from at least five components. A second opportunity presented by dynamic bridgeheads is that suitable mixtures of orthoester hosts or their subcomponents can be adaptive, i.e. they respond to the presence of guests such that the addition of a certain guest can dictate the formation of a preferred host. In an extreme example of dynamic adaptivity, we found that ammonium ions can fulfill the dual role of catalyst for orthoester exchange and cationic template for efficient host formation, representing an unprecedented example of a fluxional supramolecular complex. The third implication of dynamic bridgeheads is due to the reaction of orthoesters and trialkoxysilanes with water instead of alcohols. We describe in detail how the hydrolysis rate differs strongly between O,O,O-orthoesters, S,S,S-trithioorthoesters, and trialkoxysilanes and how it is tunable by the choice of substituents and pH.We expect that the fundamental insights into exchange and degradation kinetics described in this Account will be useful far beyond supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hollstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Wang M, Jin Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y. Single-crystal polymers (SCPs): from 1D to 3D architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8165-8193. [PMID: 37929665 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal polymers (SCPs) with unambiguous chemical structures at atomic-level resolutions have attracted great attention. Obtaining precise structural information of these materials is critical as it enables a deeper understanding of the potential driving forces for specific packing and long-range order, secondary interactions, and kinetic and thermodynamic factors. Such information can ultimately lead to success in controlling the synthesis or engineering of their crystal structures for targeted applications, which could have far-reaching impact. Successful synthesis of SCPs with atomic level control of the structures, especially for those with 2D and 3D architectures, is rare. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of SCPs, including 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures. Solution synthesis, topochemical synthesis, and extreme condition synthesis are summarized and compared. Around 70 examples of SCPs with unambiguous structure information are presented, and their synthesis methods and structural analysis are discussed. This review offers critical insights into the structure-property relationships, providing guidance for the future rational design and bottom-up synthesis of a variety of highly ordered polymers with unprecedented functions and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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8
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Liang RX, Zhang YP, Zhang JH, Gong YN, Huang B, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Engineering thiol-ene click chemistry for the preparation of a chiral stationary phase based on a [4+6]-type homochiral porous organic cage for enantiomeric separation in normal-phase and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1711:464444. [PMID: 37837712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) was fabricated by covalent bonding of a [4+6]-type homochiral porous organic cage (POC) CC19-R onto thiolated silica via a thiol-ene click reaction. The CC19-R was synthesized via Schiff-base reaction between 2-hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde and (1R, 2R)-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The enantioseparation capability of the resulting CC19-R-based CSP was systematically evaluated upon separating various chiral compounds or chiral pharmaceuticals in normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) and reversed phase HPLC (RP-HPLC), including alcohols, organic acids, ketones, diols, esters, and amines. Fifteen racemates were enantioseparated in NP-HPLC and 11 racemates in RP-HPLC. Some racemates have been well separated, such as 4-chlorobenzhydrol, cetirizine (in the form of dihydrochloride), 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol, and 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol whose resolution values reached 3.66, 4.23, 6.50, and 3.50, respectively. When compared with a previously reported chiral POC-based column (NC1-R column), eight racemates were not separated on the NC1-R column in NP-HPLC and five racemates were not separated in RP-HPLC, but were well resolved on this column, revealing that the enantioselectivity and separable range of chiral POCs-type columns could be significantly widened using this fabricated CC19-R column. Moreover, the resolution performance of the CC19-R column was also compared with commercial Chiralpak AD-H [CSP: Amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] and Chiralcel OD-H [CSP: Cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)] columns. The column also can separate some racemates that could not be separated or not well be separated by the two commercial columns, showing its good complementarity to the two commercial columns on chiral separation. In addition, the column also had good stability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (n = 5) of the retention time and resolution lower than 1.0% and 1.8%, respectively, after it had undergone multiple injections (100, 200, 300, and 400 times). This work indicated that the features of good resolution ability and simple synthesis methods using with this POC-based CSP provided chiral POCs with potential application prospects in HPLC racemic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Ya-Nan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China
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9
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Liyana Gunawardana VW, Ward C, Wang H, Holbrook JH, Sekera ER, Cui H, Hummon AB, Badjić JD. Crystalline Nanoparticles of Water-Soluble Covalent Basket Cages (CBCs) for Encapsulation of Anticancer Drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306722. [PMID: 37332078 PMCID: PMC10528532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the preparation, assembly, recognition characteristics, and biocompatibility of novel covalent basket cage CBC-11, composed of four molecular baskets linked to four trivalent aromatic amines through amide groups. The cage is tetrahedral in shape and similar in size to small proteins (Mw =8637 g/mol) with a spacious nonpolar interior for accommodating multiple guests. While 24 carboxylates at the outer surface of CBC-11 render it soluble in aqueous phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH=7.0, the amphiphilic nature prompts its assembly into nanoparticles (d=250 nm, DLS). Cryo-TEM examination of nanoparticles revealed their crystalline nature with wafer-like shapes and hexagonally arranged cages. Nanoparticulate CBC-11 traps anticancer drugs irinotecan and doxorubicin, with each cage binding up to four drug molecules in a non-cooperative manner. The inclusion complexation resulted in nanoparticles growing in size and precipitating. In media containing mammalian cells (HCT 116, human colon carcinoma), the IC50 value of CBC-11 was above 100 μM. While this work presents the first example of a large covalent organic cage operating in water at the physiological pH and forming crystalline nanoparticles, it also demonstrates its biocompatibility and potential to act as a polyvalent binder of drugs for their sequestration or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carson Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 221, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph H Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily R Sekera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 221, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Zhang Y, Sun CY, Lin L. Coordination-directed self-assembly of nano-cages: metal ion-change, ligand-extending, shape-control and transdermal drug delivery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23396-23401. [PMID: 37546215 PMCID: PMC10401521 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04150f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of different pyridyl ligands and metal ions has proven to be a very reliable strategy for controlling the coordination mode of the heterometallic coordination nano-cages. Adjusting the length of the ligands could result in the selective synthesis of several heterometallic coordination nano-cages, either [8Rh + 2M]-4L, [8Rh + 2M]-5L or [8Rh + 4M]-6L cages, derived from the very same precursors (LH3tzdc) through half-sandwich rhodium self-assembly. Moreover, a series of [8Rh + 4M]-6L cages was chosen to exemplify the preparation. The rigidity of various pyridyl donor ligands caused the vertical nano-cage to be energetically preferred and was able to change the self-assembly process through ligand flexibility to selectively give the inclined nano-cage and cross nano-cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 China
| | - Chi-Yu Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 China
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11
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Manankandayalage CP, Unruh DK, Perry R, Krempner C. 1,8-Dihydroxy Naphthalene-A New Building Block for the Self-Assembly with Boronic Acids and 4,4'-Bipyridine to Stable Host-Guest Complexes with Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:5394. [PMID: 37513266 PMCID: PMC10385103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The new Lewis acid-base adducts of general formula X(nad)B←NC5H4-C5H4N→B(nad)X [nad = 1,8-O2C10H6, X = C6H5 (2c), 3,4,5-F3-C6H2 (2d)] were synthesized in high yields via reactions of 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene [nadH2] and 4,4'-bipyridine with the aryl boronic acids C6H5B(OH)2 and 3,4,5-F3-C6H2B(OH)2, respectively, and structurally characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy and SCXRD. Self-assembled H-shaped Lewis acid-base adduct 2d proved to be effective in forming thermally stable host-guest complexes, 2d × solvent, with aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, mesitylene, aniline, and m-, p-, and o-xylene. Crystallographic analysis of these solvent adducts revealed host-guest interactions to primarily occur via π···π contacts between the 4,4'-bipyridyl linker and the aromatic solvents, resulting in the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 host-guest complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis of the isolated complexes 2d × solvent revealed their high thermal stability with peak temperatures associated with the loss of solvent ranging from 122 to 147 °C. 2d, when self-assembled in an equimolar mixture of m-, p-, and o-xylene (1:1:1), preferentially binds to o-xylene. Collectively, these results demonstrate the ability of 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene to serve as an effective building block in the selective self-assembly to supramolecular aggregates through dative covalent N→B bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamila P Manankandayalage
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Daniel K Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Ryan Perry
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41061, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
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12
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Gong YN, Ma QY, Wang Y, Zhang JH, Zhang YP, Liang RX, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Yuan LM. Preparation of Chiral Porous Organic Cage Clicked Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC Enantioseparation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073235. [PMID: 37049997 PMCID: PMC10096354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a new subclass of porous materials, which are constructed from discrete cage molecules with permanent cavities via weak intermolecular forces. In this study, a novel chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been prepared by chemically binding a [4 + 6]-type chiral POC (C120H96N12O4) with thiol-functionalized silica gel using a thiol-ene click reaction and applied to HPLC separations. The column packed with this CSP presented good separation capability for chiral compounds and positional isomers. Thirteen racemates have been enantioseparated on this column, including alcohols, diols, ketones, amines, epoxides, and organic acids. Upon comparison with a previously reported chiral POC NC1-R-based column, commercial Chiralpak AD-H, and Chiralcel OD-H columns, this column is complementary to these three columns in terms of its enantiomeric separation; and can also separate some racemic compounds that cannot be separated by the three columns. In addition, eight positional isomers (iodoaniline, bromoaniline, chloroaniline, dibromobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluidine, nitrobromobenzene, and nitroaniline) have also been separated. The influences of the injection weight and column temperature on separation have been explored. After the column has undergone multiple injections, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the retention time and selectivity were below 1.0 and 1.5%, respectively, indicating the good reproducibility and stability of the column for separation. This work demonstrates that POCs are promising materials for HPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi-Yu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rui-Xue Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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13
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Kearsey RJ, Tarzia A, Little MA, Brand MC, Clowes R, Jelfs KE, Cooper AI, Greenaway RL. Competitive aminal formation during the synthesis of a highly soluble, isopropyl-decorated imine porous organic cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3731-3734. [PMID: 36896582 PMCID: PMC10035065 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new porous organic cage decorated with isopropyl moieties (CC21) was achieved from the reaction of triformylbenzene and an isopropyl functionalised diamine. Unlike structurally analogous porous organic cages, its synthesis proved challenging due to competitive aminal formation, rationalised using control experiments and computational modelling. The use of an additional amine was found to increase conversion to the desired cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kearsey
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Marc A Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Michael C Brand
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Greenaway
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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14
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van Hurne S, Kisters M, Smulders MMJ. Covalent adaptable networks using boronate linkages by incorporating TetraAzaADamantanes. Front Chem 2023; 11:1148629. [PMID: 36909710 PMCID: PMC9995436 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1148629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronic esters prepared by condensation of boronic acids and diols have been widely used as dynamic covalent bonds in the synthesis of both discrete assemblies and polymer networks. In this study we investigate the potential of a new dynamic-covalent motif, derived from TetraAzaADamantanes (TAADs), with their adamantane-like triol structure, in boronic ester-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs). The TetraAzaADamantane-boronic ester linkage has recently been reported as a more hydrolytically stable boronic ester variant, while still having a dynamic pH response: small-molecule studies found little exchange at neutral pH, while fast exchange occurred at pH 3.8. In this work, bi- and trifunctional TetraAzaADamantane linkers were synthesised and crosslinked with boronic acids to form rubber-like materials, with a Young's modulus of 1.75 MPa. The dynamic nature of the TetraAzaADamantane networks was confirmed by stress relaxation experiments, revealing Arrhenius-like behaviour, with a corresponding activation energy of 142 ± 10 kJ/mol. Increasing the crosslinking density of the material from 10% to 33% resulted in reduced relaxation times, as is consistent with a higher degree of crosslinking within the dynamic networks. In contrast to the reported accelerating effect of acid addition to small-molecule TetraAzaADamantane complexes, within the polymer network the addition of acid increased relaxation times, suggesting unanticipated interactions between the acid and the polymer that cannot occur in the corresponding small-molecules analogues. The obtained boronate-TetraAzaADamantane materials were thermally stable up to 150°C. This thermal stability, in combination with the intrinsically dynamic bonds inside the polymer network, allowed these materials to be reprocessed and healed after damage by hot-pressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon van Hurne
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn Kisters
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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15
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Wang X, Pavlović RZ, Finnegan TJ, Karmakar P, Moore CE, Badjić JD. Rapid Access to Chiral and Tripodal Cavitands from β-Pinene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202416. [PMID: 36168151 PMCID: PMC9797447 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report Pd-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of (+)-α-bromoenone, obtained from monoterpene β-pinene, into an enantiopure cyclotrimer. This C3 symmetric compound has three bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane rings fused to its central benzene with each ring carrying a carbonyl group. The cyclotrimer undergoes diastereoselective threefold alkynylation with the lithium salts of five terminal alkynes (41-63 %, de=4-83 %). The addition enabled a rapid synthesis of a small library of novel chiral cavitands that, in shape, resemble a tripod stand. These molecular tripods include a tris-bicycloannelated benzene head attached to three alkyne legs twisted in one direction to form a nonpolar cavity with polar groups as feet. Tripods with methylpyridinium and methylisoquinolinium legs, respectively, form inclusion complexes with anti-inflammatory and chiral drugs (R)/(S)-ibuprofen and (R)/(S)-naproxen. The mode of binding shows drug molecules docked in the cavity of the host through ion-ion, cation-π, and C-H-π contacts that, in addition of desolvation, give rise to complexes having millimolar to micromolar stability in water. Our findings open the door to creating a myriad of enantiopure tripods with tunable functions that, in the future, might give novel chemosensors, catalysts or sequestering agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA)
| | - Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA)
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA)
| | - Pratik Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA),Department of Chemistry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140 (Thailand)
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA)
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, 43210 Columbus, Ohio (USA)
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16
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Wu S, Ni Y, Han Y, Xin S, Hou X, Zhu J, Li Z, Wu J. Aromaticity in Fully π-Conjugated Open-Cage Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23158-23167. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shan Xin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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17
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Zhong S, Zhu L, Wu S, Li Y, Lin M. Photoactive donor-acceptor conjugated macrocycles: New opportunities for supramolecular chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Thomas CM, Liang W, Preston D, Doonan CJ, White NG. Post‐Synthetic Modification of a Porous Hydrocarbon Cage to Give a Discrete Co
24
Organometallic Complex**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200958. [PMID: 35863888 PMCID: PMC9544953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new alkyne‐based hydrocarbon cage was synthesized in high overall yield using alkyne‐alkyne coupling in the cage forming step. The cage is porous and displays a moderately high BET surface area (546 m2 g−1). The cage loses crystallinity on activation and thus is porous in its amorphous form, while very similar cages have been either non‐porous, or retained crystallinity on activation. Reaction of the cage with Co2(CO)8 results in exhaustive metalation of its 12 alkyne groups to give the Co24(CO)72 adduct of the cage in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chriso M. Thomas
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Weibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Christian J. Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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19
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Li K, Xiong LX, Wang Y, Zhang YP, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Preparation and evaluation of a chiral porous organic cage based chiral stationary phase for enantioseparation in high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463415. [PMID: 35977455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a new kind of porous molecular materials, which have gained widespread interest in many fields due to their intriguing properties, including excellent molecular solubility, inherent molecular cavity and rich host-guest chemistry. To date, many chiral POCs have been explored as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for gas chromatographic (GC) separation of enantiomers. However, the applications of chiral POCs for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enantiomeric separation is extremely rare. In this study, we report the construction of thiol-ene click reaction for the preparation of CSP for HPLC by using a [4+8]-type chiral POC NC4-R as chiral selector. The fabricated CSP showed good chiral resolution performance not only in normal-phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) but also in reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Seventeen and ten racemates were well resolved in the two separation modes, respectively, including ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, organic acids, and amino acids. Moreover, the fabricated column also shows good chiral recognition complementarity to two popular chiral HPLC columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H columns) and previously reported chiral POC NC1-R-based HPLC column, which can resolve some racemates that unable to be resolved by the two commercially available chiral HPLC columns and NC1-R-based column. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values (n = 4) of retention time and resolution (Rs) of analytes separated on the column were less than 0.3 % and 0.5 % after it was subjected to different injections, showing the good reproducibility and stability of the NC4-R-based column. This work demonstrated high potentials of chiral POCs for HPLC enantioseparation and the applicability of chiral POC-based HPLC columns can be broadened by developing more chiral POCs with diverse structures as chiral selector for HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xiao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - You-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
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20
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Montà-González G, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Purely Covalent Molecular Cages and Containers for Guest Encapsulation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13636-13708. [PMID: 35867555 PMCID: PMC9413269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cage compounds offer unique binding pockets similar to enzyme-binding sites, which can be customized in terms of size, shape, and functional groups to point toward the cavity and many other parameters. Different synthetic strategies have been developed to create a toolkit of methods that allow preparing tailor-made organic cages for a number of distinct applications, such as gas separation, molecular recognition, molecular encapsulation, hosts for catalysis, etc. These examples show the versatility and high selectivity that can be achieved using cages, which is impossible by employing other molecular systems. This review explores the progress made in the field of fully organic molecular cages and containers by focusing on the properties of the cavity and their application to encapsulate guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain,R.M.-M.: email,
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,V.M.-C.:
email,
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21
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Borne I, Simon N, Jones CW, Lively RP. Design of Gas Separation Processes Using Type II Porous Liquids as Physical Solvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Borne
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Natalie Simon
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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22
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Fan Z, Sun W, Yang Y, Guo J, Dou C, Wang Y. Organoborane cyclophanes with flexible linkers: Dynamic coordination and photo-responsive fluorescence. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Herrera-España AD, Höpfl H, Morales-Rojas H. Host‐Guest Properties of a Trigonal Iminoboronate Ester Cage Self‐Assembled from Hexahydroxytriphenylene. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel D. Herrera-España
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Quintana Roo División de Ciencias de la Salud Av. Erick Paolo Martínez S/N 77039 Chetumal MEXICO
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Av. Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca MEXICO
| | - Hugo Morales-Rojas
- Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Av. Universidad 1001Chamilpa 62209 Cuernavaca MEXICO
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24
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Guchhait T, Roy S, Jena P. Mannich Reaction: An Alternative Synthetic Approach for Various Pyrrole‐Based Anion Receptors and Chelating Ligands. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Guchhait
- C V Raman Global University Chemistry Mahura, Janla 752054 Bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Satabdi Roy
- St Mary's College Department of Sciences INDIA
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25
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Badjic JD, Liyana Gunawardana VW, Finnegan TJ, Ward CE, Moore CE. Dissipative Formation of Covalent Basket Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovica D Badjic
- Ohio State University Department of Chemistry 100 W. 18th Avenue 43210 Columbus UNITED STATES
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26
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Liyana Gunawardana VW, Finnegan TJ, Ward CE, Moore CE, Badjić JD. Dissipative Formation of Covalent Basket Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207418. [PMID: 35723284 PMCID: PMC9544755 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Living systems use chemical fuels to transiently assemble functional structures. As a step toward constructing abiotic mimics of such structures, we herein describe dissipative formation of covalent basket cage CBC 5 by reversible imine condensation of cup‐shaped aldehyde 2 (i.e., basket) with trivalent aromatic amine 4. This nanosized [4+4] cage (V=5 nm3, Mw=6150 Da) has shape of a truncated tetrahedron with four baskets at its vertices and four aromatic amines forming the faces. Importantly, tris‐aldehyde basket 2 and aliphatic tris‐amine 7 undergo condensation to give small [1+1] cage 6. The imine metathesis of 6 and aromatic tris‐amine 4 into CBC 5 was optimized to bias the equilibrium favouring 6. Addition of tribromoacetic acid (TBA) as a chemical fuel perturbs this equilibrium to result in the transient formation of CBC 5, with subsequent consumption of TBA via decarboxylation driving the system back to the starting state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler J Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carson E Ward
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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27
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee PS. Recent trends in organic cage synthesis: push towards water-soluble organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5558-5573. [PMID: 35420101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on organic cages has blossomed over the past few years into a mature field of study which can contribute to solving some of the challenging problems. In this review we aim to showcase the recent trends in synthesis of organic cages including a brief discussion on their use in catalysis, gas sorption, host-guest chemistry and energy transfer. Among the organic cages, water-soluble analogues are a special class of compounds which have gained renewed attention in recent times. Due to their advantage of being compatible with water, such cages have the potential of showing biomimetic activities and can find use in drug delivery and also as hosts for catalysis in aqueous medium. Hence, the synthetic strategies for the formation of water-soluble organic cages shall be discussed along with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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28
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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29
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Blanke M, Postulka L, Ciara I, D'Acierno F, Hildebrandt M, Gutmann JS, Dong RY, Michal CA, Giese M. Manipulation of Liquid Crystalline Properties by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry─En Route to Adaptive Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16755-16763. [PMID: 35377595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds bear great potential for the development of adaptive and self-healing materials. Herein, we introduce a versatile concept not only for the design of low-molecular-weight liquid crystals but also for their in situ postsynthetic modification by using the dynamic covalent nature of imine bonds. The methodology allows systematic investigations of structure-property relationships as well as the manipulation of the materials' behavior (liquid crystallinity) and the introduction of additional properties (here, fluorescence) by a solvent-free method. For the first time, the transamination reaction is followed by variable-temperature 19F solid-state NMR in the mesophase, providing insights into the reaction dynamics in a liquid crystalline material. Finally, the application potential for the design of liquid crystalline materials with adaptive properties is demonstrated by a sequential combination of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meik Blanke
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Leona Postulka
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Ciara
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Francesco D'Acierno
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marcus Hildebrandt
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Physical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ronald Y Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Carl A Michal
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael Giese
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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30
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Wang Y, Chen JK, Xiong LX, Wang BJ, Xie SM, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. Preparation of Novel Chiral Stationary Phases Based on the Chiral Porous Organic Cage by Thiol-ene Click Chemistry for Enantioseparation in HPLC. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4961-4969. [PMID: 35306818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are an emerging class of porous materials that have aroused considerable research interest because of their unique characteristics, including good solubility and a well-defined intrinsic cavity. However, there have so far been no reports of chiral POCs as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Herein, we report the first immobilization of a chiral POC, NC1-R, on thiol-functionalized silica using a mild thiol-ene click reaction to prepare novel CSPs for HPLC. Two CSPs (CSP-1 and CSP-2) with different spacers have been prepared. CSP-1, with a cationic imidazolium spacer, exhibited excellent enantioselectivity for the resolution of various racemates. Twenty-three and 12 racemic compounds or chiral drugs were well enantioseparated on the CSP-1-packed column under normal-phase and reversed-phase conditions, respectively, including alcohols, diols, esters, ethers, ketones, epoxides, organic acids, and amines. In contrast, chiral resolution using CSP-2 (without a cationic imidazolium spacer)-packed column B was inferior to that of column A, demonstrating the important role of the cationic imidazolium spacer for chiral separation. The chiral separation capability of column A was also compared with that of two most popular commercial chiral columns, Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H, which exhibits good chiral recognition complementarity with the two commercial chiral columns. In addition, five positional isomers dinitrobenzene, nitroaniline, chloroaniline, bromoaniline, and iodoaniline were also well separated on column A. The effects of temperature, mobile phase composition, and injected analyte mass for separation on column A were investigated. Column A also showed good stability and reproducibility after repeated injections. This work demonstrates that chiral POCs are promising chiral materials for HPLC enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xiao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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31
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Shear TA, Mayhugh JT, Zocchi LJ, Demachkie IS, Trubinstein HJ, Zakharov LN, Johnson DW. Expanding the Scope of Pnictogen‐Assisted Cyclophane Self‐Assembly. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca J. Zocchi
- University of Oregon Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Darren William Johnson
- University of Oregon Department of Chemistry 1253 University of Oregon 97403-1253 Eugene UNITED STATES
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32
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Dong J, Pan Y, Yang K, Yuan YD, Wee V, Xu S, Wang Y, Jiang J, Liu B, Zhao D. Enhanced Biological Imaging via Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Porous Organic Cages. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2355-2368. [PMID: 35084185 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) have many advantages, including superior microenvironments, good monodispersity, and shape homogeneity, excellent molecular solubility, high chemical stability, and intriguing host-guest chemistry. These properties enable POCs to overcome the limitations of extended porous networks such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, the applications of POCs in bioimaging remain limited due to the problems associated with their rigid and hydrophobic structures, thus leading to strong aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in aqueous biological media. To address this challenge, we report the preparation of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active POCs capable of stimuli responsiveness for enhanced bioimaging. We rationally design a hydrophilic, structurally flexible tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based POC that is almost entirely soluble in aqueous solutions. This POC's conformationally flexible superstructure allows the dynamic rotation of the TPE-based phenyl rings, thus endowing impressive AIE characteristics for responses to environmental changes such as temperature and viscosity. We employ these notable features in the bioimaging of living cells and obtain good performance, demonstrating that the present AIE-active POCs are suitable candidates for further biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yutong Pan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kuiwei Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yi Di Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Wee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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33
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Zhang H, Ao YF, Wang DX, Wang QQ. Triazine- and Binaphthol-Based Chiral Macrocycles and Cages: Synthesis, Structure, and Solid-State Assembly. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3491-3497. [PMID: 35170963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of triazine- and binaphthol-based homochiral and heterochiral macrocycles and cages were easily synthesized. Either fragment coupling or a one-pot approach afforded the desired products in 52-91% yields on a multigram scale as enantiopure forms. As disclosed by the crystal structures, these macrocycles and cages possess intriguing chiral cavities and assembly properties. In particular, (S,S,S)-Cage features a D3-symmetric double-faced propeller-like structure with three chiral pockets at the side. It forms a highly ordered hexagonal column-like assembly and multiple distinct helical channels in its crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi-Qiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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34
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Fedorowicz D, Banach S, Koza P, Frydrych R, Ślepokura K, Gregoliński J. Controlling chirality in the synthesis of 4 + 4 diastereomeric amine macrocycles derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane and 2,6-diformylpyridine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1080-1094. [PMID: 35020779 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A few suitably long dialdehyde and primary diamine building blocks of a predetermined chirality have been designed and synthesized to enable controlled and efficient synthesis of all six possible diastereomers of 4 + 4 macrocyclic amine derived from trans-1,2-diaminocyclopentane (DACP) and 2,6-diformypyridine (DFP) units. Although two out of six diastereomers have been reported recently, their synthesis presented here is more direct and occurs with an improved yield. This family of 4 + 4 macrocycles contains one pair of homochiral enantiomers of identical RRRRRRRR and SSSSSSSS configurations of DACP units, two different meso forms (meso I of alternating RRSSRRSS and meso II of neighboring RRRRSSSS configuration of DACP moieties) as well as one pair of heterochiral enantiomers, where configuration of one diamine fragment is opposite to the other three diamine parts, RRRRRRSS and SSSSSSRR, respectively. The structures of each type of macrocycle in solid state have been confirmed by single crystal analyses of a macrocyclic amine in its suitable protonated form. The different symmetry of each type of macrocycle in solutions has been proved by 1H and 13C NMR spectra of their hydrochloride derivatives. The chiral nature of two different pairs of optically active enantiomers has been established by circular dichroism spectra. These chiral 4 + 4 diastereomeric macrocycles are receptors for chiral guests and recognize in solution 10-camphorsulfonic acid as well as chiral tartaric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Fedorowicz
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Banach
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Koza
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Frydrych
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ślepokura
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Janusz Gregoliński
- Dr Janusz Gregoliński, Faculty of Chemistry University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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35
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Uhrmacher F, Elbert SM, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Synthesis of Large [2+3] Salicylimine Cages with Embedded Metal‐Salphen Units. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Uhrmacher
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sven M. Elbert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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36
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Hu D, Zhang J, Liu M. Recent advances in the applications of porous organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11333-11346. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) have emerged as a new sub-class of porous materials that stand out by virtue of their tunability, modularity, and processibility. Similar to other porous materials such...
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37
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Sakata Y, Tsuyuki R, Sugimoto S, Akine S. Metal-dependent selective formation of calix[4]arene assemblies based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13510-13513. [PMID: 34817475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05553d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of calix[4]arene derivatives 1a and 1b bearing four salicylaldehyde moieties with 1,3-propanediamine gave macrocyclic trimers 5a and 5b, respectively, which have intramolecular bridges formed via the flattened cone conformation. In contrast, a capsular-shaped dimeric cage [7a·2Na]2+ was selectively formed when the conformation of the calix[4]arene moiety of 1a was fixed in the spread cone conformation by complexation with Na+ at the lower-rim amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. .,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsuyuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Shingo Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. .,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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38
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Abstract
Artificial receptors able to recognise biologically relevant molecules or ions have gained interest in the chemical community because they offer a plethora of posibilities. Molecular cage compounds are polycyclic compounds with a cavity designed for the encapsulation of guest species. Once inside the host cavity, the substrate can be transported through membranes and protected from the action of enzymes or other reactive species, thus offering the possibility of interfering with biological systems. Commonly, enzymes have been an inspiration for chemists in the search and design of defined cavities for different purposes. However, the chemical preparation of molecular cages has struggled with many synthetic challenges but this effort is worthwhile as they are a very promising tool for many applications ranging from sensing, delivery, purification or even promotion of/prevention from chemical modifications. Since the early reports at the end of the 60s, this field has experienced a growing interest; this review summarises the progress in the preparation and study of cage-like compounds highlighting their importance in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Tapia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Solà
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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39
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40
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Kunde T, Pausch T, Schmidt BM. Porous Organic Compounds – Small Pores on the Rise. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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41
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Iwasawa N, Ono K. 3D-Boronic Ester Architectures: Synthesis, Host-Guest Chemistry, Dynamic Behavior, and Supramolecular Catalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100214. [PMID: 34596949 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Boronic esters are known to be formed simply by mixing boronic acids and alcohols under neutral conditions, and the equilibrium is in favor of the boronic esters when 1,2- or 1,3-diols are employed as alcohols. By utilizing the dynamic nature of the boronic ester formation, our group successfully constructed unique boron-containing 3D structures, such as ring-shaped macrocycles, cages, and tubes, based on the boronic ester formation of various aromatic di-, tri-, or hexaboronic acids with an originally designed tetrol 1 containing two sets of fixed 1,2-diol units oriented on the same face of an indacene framework. Various functions of the obtained boronates were further pursued to disclose the characteristic features of this system. This personal account describes our self-assembled boronate system using tetrol 1 including synthesis, host-guest chemistry, kinetic connection, characteristic dynamic behaviors, and supramolecular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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42
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Ramakrishna E, Tang JD, Tao JJ, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Huang J, Li S. Self-assembly of chiral BINOL cages via imine condensation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9088-9091. [PMID: 34498622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of an (S)- or (R)-BINOL-derived dialdehyde and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine produced chiral [2+3] imine cages, which were further reduced to furnish more stable chiral amine cages and applied in the enantioselective recognition of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramakrishna
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Dong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jia-Ju Tao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Qiang Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China. .,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jianying Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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43
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Akine S, Miyashita M, Nabeshima T. Enhancement of Alkali Metal Ion Recognition by Metalation of a Tris(saloph) Cryptand Having Benzene Rings at the Bridgeheads. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12961-12971. [PMID: 34310880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cryptand derivative, H6L, which has three H2saloph arms connected by two benzene ring bridgeheads, was synthesized and converted into the trinuclear metallocryptand, LNi3. The nonmetalated host, H6L, was found to bind to alkali metal ions (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+; logKa = 3.37-6.67) in its well-defined cavity in DMSO/chloroform (1:9). The binding affinity was enhanced by 1-2 orders of magnitude upon the conversion into the metallocryptand, LNi3, which can be explained by the more polarized phenoxo groups in the [Ni(saloph)] arms. The guest binding affinity of Na+ < K+ < Rb+ ≈ Cs+ was clearly demonstrated by the 1H NMR competition experiments. The DFT calculations suggested that the Rb+ ion most suitably fit into the benzene-benzene spacing with a cation-π interaction and that only the largest Cs+ ion can almost equally interact with all six phenoxo oxygen donor atoms. The metallocryptand, LNi3, also showed a strong binding affinity to Ag+ by taking advantage of cation-π interactions, which was confirmed by spectroscopic titrations and crystallographic analysis as well as DFT calculations. Thus, the well-defined three-dimensional cavity of LNi3 was found to be suitable for strong binding with alkali metal ions as well as Ag+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology/Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Miyashita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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44
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Rojas-León I, Gómez-Jaimes G, Montes-Tolentino P, Hiller W, Alnasr H, Rodríguez-Molina B, Hernández-Ahuactzi IF, Beltrán H, Jurkschat K, Höpfl H. Molecular Cage Assembly by Sn-O-Sn Bridging of Di-, Tri- and Tetranuclear Organotin Tectons: Extending the Spacing in Double Ladder Structures. Chemistry 2021; 27:12276-12283. [PMID: 34076334 PMCID: PMC8453508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis reactions of di‐ and trinuclear organotin halides yielded large novel cage compounds containing Sn−O−Sn bridges. The molecular structures of two octanuclear tetraorganodistannoxanes showing double‐ladder motifs, viz., [{Me3SiCH2(Cl)SnCH2YCH2Sn(OH)CH2SiMe3}2(μ‐O)2]2 [1, Y=p‐(Me)2SiC6H4‐C6H4Si(Me)2] and [{Me3SiCH2(I)SnCH2YCH2Sn(OH)CH2SiMe3}2(μ‐O)2]2⋅0.48 I2 [2⋅0.48 I2, Y=p‐(Me)2SiC6H4‐C6H4Si(Me)2], and the hexanuclear cage‐compound 1,3,6‐C6H3(p‐C6H4Si(Me)2CH2Sn(R)2OSn(R)2CH2Si(Me)2C6H4‐p)3C6H3‐1,3,6 (3, R=CH2SiMe3) are reported. Of these, the co‐crystal 2⋅0.48 I2 exhibits the largest spacing of 16.7 Å reported to date for distannoxane‐based double ladders. DFT calculations for the hexanuclear cage and a related octanuclear congener accompany the experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irán Rojas-León
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, México.,Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gelen Gómez-Jaimes
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, México.,Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, 05370, México
| | - Pedro Montes-Tolentino
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, México
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hazem Alnasr
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Irán F Hernández-Ahuactzi
- Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico 555, Ejido San José Tatepozco, Tonalá, Jalisco, 45425, México
| | - Hiram Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, DCNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, 05370, México.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, DCBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México, 02200, México
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, México
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45
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Li YX, Xue M, Yang Y. Shape-Persistent Oxa- and Aza-calix[4]arene Hybrid Molecular Cage and Naked Eye Sensing of Fluoride. Org Lett 2021; 23:6435-6438. [PMID: 34328339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An oxa- and aza-calix[4]arene hybrid molecular cage with a large, shape-persistent cavity wrapped by aromatic rings was designed and synthesized via multifold efficient SNAr reactions. X-ray single-crystal analysis revealed that two THF molecules were encapsulated in the central cavity. Selective sensing of F- in apolar solvent leads to naked eye discriminable color change. Addition of CH3OH would recover the color of the molecular cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xue Li
- School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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46
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Ivanova S, Köster E, Holstein JJ, Keller N, Clever GH, Bein T, Beuerle F. Isoreticular Crystallization of Highly Porous Cubic Covalent Organic Cage Compounds*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17455-17463. [PMID: 33905140 PMCID: PMC8362030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modular frameworks featuring well-defined pore structures in microscale domains establish tailor-made porous materials. For open molecular solids however, maintaining long-range order after desolvation is inherently challenging, since packing is usually governed by only a few supramolecular interactions. Here we report on two series of nanocubes obtained by co-condensation of two different hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacenes (TBTQs) and benzene-1,4-diboronic acids (BDBAs) with varying linear alkyl chains in 2,5-position. n-Butyl groups at the apical position of the TBTQ vertices yielded soluble model compounds, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, methyl-substituted cages spontaneously crystallized as isostructural and highly porous solids with BET surface areas and pore volumes of up to 3426 m2 g-1 and 1.84 cm3 g-1 . Single crystal X-ray diffraction and sorption measurements revealed an intricate cubic arrangement of alternating micro- and mesopores in the range of 0.97-2.2 nm that are fine-tuned by the alkyl substituents at the BDBA linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanova
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Eva Köster
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Niklas Keller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Butenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Butenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgInstitut für Organische ChemieAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgCenter for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Theodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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47
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Ivanova S, Köster E, Holstein JJ, Keller N, Clever GH, Bein T, Beuerle F. Isoretikuläre Kristallisation von hochporösen kubischen kovalentorganischen Käfigverbindungen**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ivanova
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Eva Köster
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Technische Universität Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Niklas Keller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Technische Universität Dortmund Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry & Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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48
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Bourguignon C, Schindler D, Zhou G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Cucurbitimines - imine cages with concave walls. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:3668-3674. [PMID: 34354838 PMCID: PMC8276630 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The variety of shape-persistent organic cages by imine bond formation has tremendously enlarged in recent years by using different building blocks (aldehydes and amines) in the condensation reactions. Here, we describe the use of a kinked tetraldehyde to generate pumpkin-shaped cages with concave walls, similar to cucurbiturils. Kinked tetraaldehyde building blocks lead in condensation reactions with diamines to pumpkin shaped cages – the cucurbitimines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourguignon
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dorothee Schindler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gangxiang Zhou
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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49
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Diez‐Castellnou M, Suo R, Marro N, Matthew SAL, Kay ER. Rapidly Adaptive All-covalent Nanoparticle Surface Engineering. Chemistry 2021; 27:9948-9953. [PMID: 33871124 PMCID: PMC8362155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnologies demand the manipulation of nanoscale components with the same predictability and programmability as is taken for granted in molecular synthetic methodologies. Yet installing appropriately reactive chemical functionality on nanomaterial surfaces has previously entailed compromises in terms of reactivity scope, functionalization density, or both. Here, we introduce an idealized dynamic covalent nanoparticle building block for divergent and adaptive post-synthesis modification of colloidal nanomaterials. Acetal-protected monolayer-stabilized gold nanoparticles are prepared via operationally simple protocols and are stable to long-term storage. Tunable surface densities of reactive aldehyde functionalities are revealed on-demand, leading to a wide range of adaptive surface engineering options from one nanoscale synthon. Analytically tractable with molecular precision, interfacial reaction kinetics and dynamic surface constitutions can be probed in situ at the ensemble level. High functionalization densities combined with rapid equilibration kinetics enable environmentally adaptive surface constitutions and rapid nanoparticle property switching in response to simple chemical effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongtian Suo
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Saphia A. L. Matthew
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Euan R. Kay
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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50
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Liu XC, Lin L. Controlling the Self-Assembly of Metal-Cages organic and transdermal drug delivery. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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