1
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Valera JS, López-Acosta Á, Hermans TM. Photoinitiated Transient Self-Assembly in a Catalytically Driven Chemical Reaction Cycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406931. [PMID: 38770670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chemically fueled chemical reaction networks (CRNs) are essential in controlling dissipative self-assembly. A key challenge in the field is to store chemical fuel-precursors or "pre-fuels" in the system that are converted into activating or deactivating fuels in a catalytically controlled CRN. In addition, real-time control over catalysis in a CRN by light is highly desirable, but so far not yet achieved. Here we show a catalytically driven CRN that is photoinitiated with 450 nm light, producing activated monomers that go on to perform transient self-assembly. Monomer activation proceeds via photoredox catalysis, converting the monomer alcohol groups into the corresponding aldehydes that self-assemble into large supramolecular fibers. Monomer deactivation is achieved by organometallic catalysis that relies on pre-fuel hydrolysis to release formate (i.e. the deactivating fuel). Additionally, irradiation with 305 nm light accelerates the release of formate by photo-uncaging the pre-fuel, leading to a factor of ca. 2 faster deactivation of the monomer. Overall, we show transient self-assembly upon visible light photoactivation, and tunable life-times by ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Valera
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Thomas M Hermans
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Saha NK, Salvia WS, Konkolewicz D, Hartley CS. Transient Covalent Polymers through Carbodiimide-Driven Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404933. [PMID: 38772695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical systems make use of out-of-equilibrium polymers generated under kinetic control. Inspired by these systems, many abiotic supramolecular polymers driven by chemical fuel reactions have been reported. Conversely, polymers based on transient covalent bonds have received little attention, even though they have the potential to complement supramolecular systems by generating transient structures based on stronger bonds and by offering a straightforward tuning of reaction kinetics. In this study, we show that simple aqueous dicarboxylic acids give poly(anhydrides) when treated with the carbodiimide EDC. Transient covalent polymers with molecular weights exceeding 15,000 are generated which then decompose over the course of hours to weeks. Disassembly kinetics can be controlled using simple substituent effects in the monomer design. The impact of solvent polarity, carbodiimide concentration, temperature, pyridine concentration, and monomer concentration on polymer properties and lifetimes has been investigated. The results reveal substantial control over polymer assembly and disassembly kinetics, highlighting the potential for fine-tuned kinetic control in nonequilibrium polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - William S Salvia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
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3
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Wang H, Wang K, Bai S, Wei L, Gao Y, Zhi K, Guo X, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal control over self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels through reaction-diffusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:938-945. [PMID: 38503079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in living system and is usually controlled to proceed in time and space through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes, underpinning various vital cellular functions. In this contribution, we demonstrate how spatiotemporal self-assembly of supramolecular hydrogels can be realized through a simple reaction-diffusion-mediated transient transduction of pH signal. In the reaction-diffusion system, a relatively faster diffusion of acid followed by delayed enzymatic production and diffusion of base from the opposite site enables a transient transduction of pH signal in the substrate. By coupling such reaction-diffusion system with pH-sensitive gelators, dynamic supramolecular hydrogels with tunable lifetimes are formed at defined locations. The hydrogel fibers show interesting dynamic growing behaviors under the regulation of transient pH signal, reminiscent of their biological counterpart. We further demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of the developed methodology for dynamic information encoding in a soft substrate. We envision that this work may provide a potent approach to enable transient transduction of various chemical signals for the construction of new colloidal materials with the capability to evolve their structures and functionalities in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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4
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Su B, Chi T, Chen W, Xian S, Liu D, Addonizio CJ, Xiang Y, Webber MJ. Using a biocatalyzed reaction cycle for transient and pH-dependent host-guest supramolecular hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4666-4672. [PMID: 38647183 PMCID: PMC11095629 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The formation of transient structures plays important roles in biological processes, capturing temporary states of matter through influx of energy or biological reaction networks catalyzed by enzymes. These natural transient structures inspire efforts to mimic this elegant mechanism of structural control in synthetic analogues. Specifically, though traditional supramolecular materials are designed on the basis of equilibrium formation, recent efforts have explored out-of-equilibrium control of these materials using both direct and indirect mechanisms; the preponderance of such works has been in the area of low molecular weight gelators. Here, a transient supramolecular hydrogel is realized through cucurbit[7]uril host-guest physical crosslinking under indirect control from a biocatalyzed network that regulates and oscillates pH. The duration of transient hydrogel formation, and resulting mechanical properties, are tunable according to the dose of enzyme, substrate, or pH stimulus. This tunability enables control over emergent functions, such as the programmable burst release of encapsulated model macromolecular payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Teng Chi
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Weike Chen
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Sijie Xian
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Christopher J Addonizio
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemcial & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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5
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Sarkar A, Dúzs B, Walther A. Fuel-Driven Enzymatic Reaction Networks to Program Autonomous Thiol/Disulfide Redox Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10281-10285. [PMID: 38569008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fuel-driven dissipative formation of disulfide bonds using competing oxidative activation and reductive deactivation presents a possibly very versatile avenue for autonomous materials design. However, this is challenging to realize because of the direct annihilation of oxidizing fuel and a deactivating reducing agent. We overcome this challenge by introducing a redox-based enzymatic reaction network (ERN), enabling the dissipative disulfide formation for molecularly dissolved thiols in a fully autonomous manner. Moreover, the ERN allows for programming hydrogel lifetimes by utilizing thiol-terminated star polymers (sPEG-SH). The ERN can be customized to operate with aliphatic and aromatic thiols and should thus be broadly applicable to functional thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Brigitta Dúzs
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Baretta R, Davidson-Rozenfeld G, Gutkin V, Frasconi M, Willner I. Chemical and Photochemical-Driven Dissipative Fe 3+/Fe 2+-Ion Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gels Operating Under Aerobic Conditions: Applications for Transient Controlled Release and Mechanical Actuation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9957-9966. [PMID: 38547022 PMCID: PMC11009950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A Fe3+-ion cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, Fe3+-CMC, redox-active gel exhibiting dissipative, transient stiffness properties is introduced. Chemical or photosensitized reduction of the higher-stiffness Fe3+-CMC to the lower-stiffness Fe2+-CMC gel, accompanied by the aerobic reoxidation of the Fe2+-CMC matrix, leads to the dissipative, transient stiffness, functional matrix. The light-induced, temporal, transient release of a load (Texas red dextran) and the light-triggered, transient mechanical bending of a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAM)/Fe3+-CMC bilayer construct are introduced, thus demonstrating the potential use of the dissipative Fe3+-CMC gel for controlled drug release or soft robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baretta
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gilad Davidson-Rozenfeld
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Vitaly Gutkin
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Itamar Willner
- The
Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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7
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Ranganath VA, Maity I. Artificial Homeostasis Systems Based on Feedback Reaction Networks: Design Principles and Future Promises. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318134. [PMID: 38226567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Feedback-controlled chemical reaction networks (FCRNs) are indispensable for various biological processes, such as cellular mechanisms, patterns, and signaling pathways. Through the intricate interplay of many feedback loops (FLs), FCRNs maintain a stable internal cellular environment. Currently, creating minimalistic synthetic cells is the long-term objective of systems chemistry, which is motivated by such natural integrity. The design, kinetic optimization, and analysis of FCRNs to exhibit functions akin to those of a cell still pose significant challenges. Indeed, reaching synthetic homeostasis is essential for engineering synthetic cell components. However, maintaining homeostasis in artificial systems against various agitations is a difficult task. Several biological events can provide us with guidelines for a conceptual understanding of homeostasis, which can be further applicable in designing artificial synthetic systems. In this regard, we organize our review with artificial homeostasis systems driven by FCRNs at different length scales, including homogeneous, compartmentalized, and soft material systems. First, we stretch a quick overview of FCRNs in different molecular and supramolecular systems, which are the essential toolbox for engineering different nonlinear functions and homeostatic systems. Moreover, the existing history of synthetic homeostasis in chemical and material systems and their advanced functions with self-correcting, and regulating properties are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ambekar Ranganath
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrajit Maity
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India
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8
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Li L, Zheng R, Sun R. Understanding multicomponent low molecular weight gels from gelators to networks. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00126-7. [PMID: 38570015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The construction of gels from low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) has been extensively studied in the fields of bio-nanotechnology and other fields. However, the understanding gaps still prevent the prediction of LMWG from the full design of those gel systems. Gels with multicomponent become even more complicated because of the multiple interference effects coexist in the composite gel systems. AIM OF REVIEW This review emphasizes systems view on the understanding of multicomponent low molecular weight gels (MLMWGs), and summarizes recent progress on the construction of desired networks of MLMWGs, including self-sorting and co-assembly, as well as the challenges and approaches to understanding MLMWGs, with the hope that the opportunities from natural products and peptides can speed up the understanding process and close the gaps between the design and prediction of structures. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key concepts. Firstly, understanding the complicated multicomponent gels systems requires a systems perspective on MLMWGs. Secondly, several protocols can be applied to control self-sorting and co-assembly behaviors in those multicomponent gels system, including the certain complementary structures, chirality inducing and dynamic control. Thirdly, the discussion is anchored in challenges and strategies of understanding MLMWGs, and some examples are provided for the understanding of multicomponent gels constructed from small natural products and subtle designed short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchun Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Renlin Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rongqin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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9
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Baretta R, Frasconi M. Electrically Powered Dissipative Hydrogel Networks Reveal Transient Stiffness Properties for Out-of-Equilibrium Operations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7408-7418. [PMID: 38440849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Living systems use dissipative processes to enable precise spatiotemporal control over various functions, including the transient modulation of the stiffness of tissues, which, however, is challenging to achieve in soft materials. Here, we report a new platform to program hydrogel films with tunable, time-dependent mechanical properties under out-of-equilibrium conditions, powered by electricity. We show that the lifetime of the transient network of a surface-confined hydrogel film can be effectively controlled by programming the generation of an electrochemically oxidized mediator in the presence of a chemical or photoreducing agent in solution. It is, therefore, electrically possible to direct the transient stiffening or softening of the hydrogel film, enabling high modularity of the material functions with precise spatiotemporal control. Temporally controlled operations of the hydrogel films are demonstrated for the on-demand, dose-controlled release of multiple model protein payloads from electrode arrays using the present electrically powered dissipative system. This demonstration of electrically driven transient modulation of the stiffness properties of hydrogel films represents an important step toward the engineering of dissipative materials for developing future biomedical applications that can harness the temporal, adaptive properties of this new class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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10
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Torigoe S, Nagao K, Kubota R, Hamachi I. Emergence of Dynamic Instability by Hybridizing Synthetic Self-Assembled Dipeptide Fibers with Surfactant Micelles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5799-5805. [PMID: 38407066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry currently faces the challenge of controlling nonequilibrium dynamics such as the dynamic instability of microtubules. In this study, we explored the emergence of dynamic instability through the hybridization of peptide-type supramolecular nanofibers with surfactant micelles. Using real-time confocal imaging, we discovered that the addition of micelles to nanofibers induced the simultaneous but asynchronous growth and shrinkage of nanofibers during which the total number of fibers decreased monotonically. This dynamic phenomenon unexpectedly persisted for 6 days and was driven not by chemical reactions but by noncovalent supramolecular interactions between peptide-type nanofibers and surfactant micelles. This study demonstrates a strategy for inducing autonomous supramolecular dynamics, which will open up possibilities for developing soft materials applicable to biomedicine and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Torigoe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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11
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Nan M, Guo K, Jia T, Wang G, Liu S. Novel Acid-Driven Bioinspired Self-Resettable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuator Mimicking Natural Muscles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9224-9230. [PMID: 38335011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots have great potential applications in manufacturing, disaster rescue, medical treatment, etc. Artificial muscle is one of the most important components of a soft robot. In previous years, hydrogel actuators that can be controllably deformed by the stimuli of external signals have been developed as good candidates for muscle-like materials. In this article, we successfully prepared a chemical fuel-driven self-resettable bilayer hydrogel actuator mimicking natural muscles with the aid of a new negative feedback reaction network. The actuator can temporarily deform upon the addition of H+ (chemical fuel). Subsequently, H+ accelerated the reaction between BrO3- and Fe(CN)64-, which consume H+. It resulted in the spontaneous recovery of the pH as well as the shape of the actuator. Such an actuator exhibits a great similarity with natural muscles in actuation mechanisms and automaticity in the manipulation compared to the widely reported stimuli-responsive hydrogel actuators. This illustrates that fuel-driven self-resettable hydrogel is a promising dynamic material for mimicking the functions of living creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Nan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtong Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- JST‐ERATOHamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for NeuroscienceKyoto UniversityNishikyo‐kuKatsura615‐8530Japan
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13
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Hurst PJ, Mulvey JT, Bone RA, Selmani S, Hudson RF, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. CryoEM reveals the complex self-assembly of a chemically driven disulfide hydrogel. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1106-1116. [PMID: 38239701 PMCID: PMC10793653 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptability of biological materials, a variety of synthetic, chemically driven self-assembly processes have been developed that result in the transient formation of supramolecular structures. These structures form through two simultaneous reactions, forward and backward, which generate and consume a molecule that undergoes self-assembly. The dynamics of these assembly processes have been shown to differ from conventional thermodynamically stable molecular assemblies. However, the evolution of nanoscale morphologies in chemically driven self-assembly and how they compare to conventional assemblies has not been resolved. Here, we use a chemically driven redox system to separately carry out the forward and backward reactions. We analyze the forward and backward reactions both sequentially and synchronously with time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoEM). Quantitative image analysis shows that the synchronous process is more complex and heterogeneous than the sequential process. Our key finding is that a thermodynamically unstable stacked nanorod phase, briefly observed in the backward reaction, is sustained for ∼6 hours in the synchronous process. Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling show that the synchronous process is driven by multiple cycles of assembly and disassembly. The collective data suggest that chemically driven self-assembly can create sustained morphologies not seen in thermodynamically stable assemblies by kinetically stabilizing transient intermediates. This finding provides plausible design principles to develop and optimize supramolecular materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joshua Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Rebecca A Bone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Redford F Hudson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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14
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Chevigny R, Rahkola H, Sitsanidis ED, Korhonen E, Hiscock JR, Pettersson M, Nissinen M. Solvent-Induced Transient Self-Assembly of Peptide Gels: Gelator-Solvent Reactions and Material Properties Correlation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:407-416. [PMID: 38222938 PMCID: PMC10782441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a new methodology for designing transient organogels that offers tunability of the mechanical properties simply by matching the protective groups of the precursor to that of the solvent. We developed solvent-induced transient materials in which the solvent chemically participates in a set of reactions and actively supports the assembly event. The activation of a single precursor by an acid (accelerator) yields the formation of two distinct gelators and induces gelation. The interconversion cycle is supplied by the secondary solvent (originating from hydrolysis of the primary solvent by the accelerator), which then progressively solubilizes the gel network. We show that this gelation method offers a direct correlation between the mechanical and transient properties by modifying the chemical structure of the precursors and the presence of an accelerator in the system. Such a method paves the way for the design of self-abolishing and mechanically tunable materials for targeted purposes. The biocompatibility and versatility of amino acid-based gelators can offer a wide range of biomaterials for applications requiring a controllable and definite lifetime such as drug delivery platforms exhibiting a burst release or self-abolishing cell culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chevigny
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henna Rahkola
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Efstratios D. Sitsanidis
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elsa Korhonen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maija Nissinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Wang H, Mills J, Sun B, Cui H. Therapeutic Supramolecular Polymers: Designs and Applications. Prog Polym Sci 2024; 148:101769. [PMID: 38188703 PMCID: PMC10769153 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of low-molecular-weight building motifs into supramolecular polymers has unlocked a new realm of materials with distinct properties and tremendous potential for advancing medical practices. Leveraging the reversible and dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions, these supramolecular polymers exhibit inherent responsiveness to their microenvironment, physiological cues, and biomolecular signals, making them uniquely suited for diverse biomedical applications. In this review, we intend to explore the principles of design, synthesis methodologies, and strategic developments that underlie the creation of supramolecular polymers as carriers for therapeutics, contributing to the treatment and prevention of a spectrum of human diseases. We delve into the principles underlying monomer design, emphasizing the pivotal role of non-covalent interactions, directionality, and reversibility. Moreover, we explore the intricate balance between thermodynamics and kinetics in supramolecular polymerization, illuminating strategies for achieving controlled sizes and distributions. Categorically, we examine their exciting biomedical applications: individual polymers as discrete carriers for therapeutics, delving into their interactions with cells, and in vivo dynamics; and supramolecular polymeric hydrogels as injectable depots, with a focus on their roles in cancer immunotherapy, sustained drug release, and regenerative medicine. As the field continues to burgeon, harnessing the unique attributes of therapeutic supramolecular polymers holds the promise of transformative impacts across the biomedical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jason Mills
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Boran Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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16
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Smith DK. Supramolecular gels - a panorama of low-molecular-weight gelators from ancient origins to next-generation technologies. SOFT MATTER 2023; 20:10-70. [PMID: 38073497 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01301d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels, self-assembled from low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs), have a long history and a bright future. This review provides an overview of these materials, from their use in lubrication and personal care in the ancient world, through to next-generation technologies. In academic terms, colloid scientists in the 19th and early 20th centuries first understood such gels as being physically assembled as a result of weak interactions, combining a solid-like network having a degree of crystalline order with a highly mobile liquid-like phase. During the 20th century, industrial scientists began using these materials in new applications in the polymer, oil and food industries. The advent of supramolecular chemistry in the late 20th century, with its focus on non-covalent interactions and controlled self-assembly, saw the horizons for these materials shifted significantly beyond their historic rheological applications, expanding their potential. The ability to tune the LMWG chemical structure, manipulate hierarchical assembly, develop multi-component systems, and introduce new types of responsive and interactive behaviour, has been transformative. Furthermore, the dynamics of these materials are increasingly understood, creating metastable gels and transiently-fueled systems. New approaches to shaping and patterning gels are providing a unique opportunity for more sophisticated uses. These supramolecular advances are increasingly underpinning and informing next-generation applications - from drug delivery and regenerative medicine to environmental remediation and sustainable energy. In summary, this article presents a panorama over the field of supramolecular gels, emphasising how both academic and industrial scientists are building on the past, and engaging new fundamental insights and innovative concepts to open up exciting horizons for their future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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17
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Pross A, Pascal R. On the Emergence of Autonomous Chemical Systems through Dissipation Kinetics. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2171. [PMID: 38004311 PMCID: PMC10672272 DOI: 10.3390/life13112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the kinetic requirements for compensating the entropic cost of self-organization and natural selection, thereby revealing a fundamental principle in biology. Metabolic and evolutionary features of life cannot therefore be separated from an origin of life perspective. Growth, self-organization, evolution and dissipation processes need to be metabolically coupled and fueled by low-entropy energy harvested from the environment. The evolutionary process requires a reproduction cycle involving out-of-equilibrium intermediates and kinetic barriers that prevent the reproductive cycle from proceeding in reverse. Model analysis leads to the unexpectedly simple relationship that the system should be fed energy with a potential exceeding a value related to the ratio of the generation time to the transition state lifetime, thereby enabling a process mimicking natural selection to take place. Reproducing life's main features, in particular its Darwinian behavior, therefore requires satisfying constraints that relate to time and energy. Irreversible reaction cycles made only of unstable entities reproduce some of these essential features, thereby offering a physical/chemical basis for the possible emergence of autonomy. Such Emerging Autonomous Systems (EASs) are found to be capable of maintaining and reproducing their kind through the transmission of a stable kinetic state, thereby offering a physical/chemical basis for what could be deemed an epigenetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addy Pross
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Robert Pascal
- PIIM, Institut Origines, Aix-Marseille Université—CNRS, Service 232, Saint Jérôme, Ave Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
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18
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Wang H, Fu X, Gu G, Bai S, Li R, Zhong W, Guo X, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, Cao Z, Wang Y. Dynamic Growth of Macroscopically Structured Supramolecular Hydrogels through Orchestrated Reaction-Diffusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310162. [PMID: 37671694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are capable of dynamically changing their structures for adaptive functions through sophisticated reaction-diffusion processes. Here we show how active supramolecular hydrogels with programmable lifetimes and macroscopic structures can be created by relying on a simple reaction-diffusion strategy. Two hydrogel precursors (poly(acrylic acid) PAA/CaCl2 and Na2 CO3 ) diffuse from different locations and generate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles at the diffusional fronts, leading to the formation of hydrogel structures driven by electrostatic interactions between PAA and ACC nanoparticles. Interestingly, the formed hydrogels are capable of autonomously disintegrating over time because of a delayed influx of electrostatic-interaction inhibitors (NaCl). The hydrogel growth process is well explained by a reaction-diffusion model which offers a theoretical means to program the dynamic growth of structured hydrogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual access to dynamic information storage in soft materials using the developed reaction-diffusion strategy. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of life-like materials with adaptive structures and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Weimin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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19
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Häfner G, Müller M. Reaction-driven assembly: controlling changes in membrane topology by reaction cycles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7281-7292. [PMID: 37605887 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reaction cycles are prototypical examples how to drive systems out of equilibrium and introduce novel, life-like properties into soft-matter systems. We report simulations of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solution. The molecule's head group is permanently hydrophilic, whereas the reaction cycle switches the molecule's tail from hydrophilic (precursor) to hydrophobic (amphiphile) and vice versa. The reaction cycle leads to an arrest in coalescence and results in uniform vesicle sizes that can be controlled by the reaction rate. Using a continuum description and particle-based simulation, we study the scaling of the vesicle size with the reaction rate. The chemically active vesicles are inflated by precursor, imparting tension onto the membrane and, for specific parameters, stabilize pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Häfner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Howlett MG, Fletcher SP. From autocatalysis to survival of the fittest in self-reproducing lipid systems. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:673-691. [PMID: 37612460 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Studying autocatalysis - in which molecules catalyse their own formation - might help to explain the emergence of chemical systems that exhibit traits normally associated with biology. When coupled to other processes, autocatalysis can lead to complex systems-level behaviour in apparently simple mixtures. Lipids are an important class of chemicals that appear simple in isolation, but collectively show complex supramolecular and mesoscale dynamics. Here we discuss autocatalytic lipids as a source of extraordinary behaviour such as primitive chemical evolution, chemotaxis, temporally controllable materials and even as supramolecular catalysts for continuous synthesis. We survey the literature since the first examples of lipid autocatalysis and highlight state-of-the-art synthetic systems that emulate life, displaying behaviour such as metabolism and homeostasis, with special consideration for generating structural complexity and out-of-equilibrium models of life. Autocatalytic lipid systems have enormous potential for building complexity from simple components, and connections between physical effects and molecular reactivity are only just beginning to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Howlett
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Li Z, Wang J, Willner I. Alternate Strategies to Induce Dynamically Modulated Transient Transcription Machineries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18266-18279. [PMID: 37669432 PMCID: PMC10540262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Emulating native transient transcription machineries modulating temporal gene expression by synthetic circuits is a major challenge in the area of systems chemistry. Three different methods to operate transient transcription machineries and to modulate the gated transcription processes of target RNAs are introduced. One method involves the design of a reaction module consisting of transcription templates being triggered by promoter fuel strands transcribing target RNAs and in parallel generating functional DNAzymes in the transcription templates, modulating the dissipative depletion of the active templates and the transient operation of transcription circuits. The second approach involves the application of a reaction module consisting of two transcription templates being activated by a common fuel promoter strand. While one transcription template triggers the transcription of the target RNA, the second transcription template transcribes the anti-fuel strand, displacing the promoter strand associated with the transcription templates, leading to the depletion of the transcription templates and to the dynamic transient modulation of the transcription process. The third strategy involves the assembly of a reaction module consisting of a reaction template triggered by a fuel promoter strand transcribing the target RNA. The concomitant nickase-stimulated depletion of the promoter strand guides the transient modulation of the transcription process. Via integration of two parallel fuel-triggered transcription templates in the three transcription reaction modules and application of template-specific blocker units, the parallel and gated transiently modulated transcription of two different RNA aptamers is demonstrated. The nickase-stimulated transiently modulated transcription reaction module is applied as a functional circuit guiding the dynamic expression of gated, transiently operating, catalytic DNAzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Itamar Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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22
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Spitzbarth B, Eelkema R. Chemical reaction networks based on conjugate additions on β'-substituted Michael acceptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11174-11187. [PMID: 37529876 PMCID: PMC10508045 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the study of more complex, chemical systems closer to those found in nature, and the interactions within those systems, has grown immensely. Despite great efforts, the need for new, versatile, and robust chemistry to apply in CRNs remains. In this Feature Article, we give a brief overview over previous developments in the field of systems chemistry and how β'-substituted Michael acceptors (MAs) can be a great addition to the systems chemist's toolbox. We illustrate their versatility by showcasing a range of examples of applying β'-substituted MAs in CRNs, both as chemical signals and as substrates, to open up the path to many applications ranging from responsive materials, to pathway control in CRNs, drug delivery, analyte detection, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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23
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Roy S, Pillai PP. What Triggers the Dynamic Self-Assembly of Molecules and Materials? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12967-12974. [PMID: 37672384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic self-assembly has emerged as one of the reliable approaches to create complex materials with more life-like functions. In a typical dynamic self-assembly process, the external triggers activate the building blocks to initiate the assembly step to form transiently stable higher-order structures. These external triggers provide a constant supply of energy to maintain the transiently stable self-assembled states. The withdrawal or consumption of the trigger deactivates the building block in the aggregates, thereby initiating the disassembly step. A precise control over the interplay between the deterministic and nondeterministic forces is the key to achieving a dynamic self-assembly process. This demands the appropriate choice of building blocks as well as triggers, which has led to the development of a wide range of triggers in dynamic self-assembly. Through this Perspective, we intend to highlight the functional diversities, prospects, and challenges associated with different classes of "triggers" by bringing them under one platform. Such treatment will help us to identify the missing features and deduce a guideline for the development of ideal triggers. A few of the desirable features that a trigger should possess, along with probable ways to achieve them, are discussed, as well. In summary, the Perspective covers many intriguing aspects of triggers that can be helpful for researchers to achieve precise spatiotemporal control over various interparticle interactions, which is essential to obtaining the desired outcome from a dynamic self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
| | - Pramod P Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
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24
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Li J, Cui Y, Lu YL, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Gu C, Wang K, Liang Y, Liu CS. Programmable supramolecular chirality in non-equilibrium systems affording a multistate chiroptical switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5030. [PMID: 37596287 PMCID: PMC10439165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of supramolecular chirality in non-equilibrium systems can provide valuable insights into molecular self-assembly in living systems. Herein, we demonstrate the use of chemical fuels for regulating self-assembly pathway, which thereby controls the supramolecular chirality of assembly in non-equilibrium systems. Depending on the nature of different fuel acids, the system shows pathway-dependent non-equilibrium self-assembly, resulting in either dynamic self-assembly with transient supramolecular chirality or kinetically trapped self-assembly with inverse supramolecular chirality. More importantly, successive conducting of chemical-fueled process and thermal annealing process allows for the sequential programmability of the supramolecular chirality between four different chiral hydrogels, affording a new example of a multistate supramolecular chiroptical switch that can be recycled multiple times. The current finding sheds new light on the design of future supramolecular chiral materials, offering access to alternative self-assembly pathways and kinetically controlled non-equilibrium states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yihan Cui
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kaihuang Zhang
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaonan Gu
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yujia Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- College of New Energy, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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25
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Wang Z, Xiao J, Zhao T, Zhang C, Wang L, He N, Kong Q, Wang X. Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9818-9831. [PMID: 37497715 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks (CRNs) represents an emerging and effective strategy to program or temporally control the structures, properties, and functions of gel materials in a self-regulated manner. CRNs provide significant opportunities to construct complex or sustainable gels with excellent dynamic features, thus expanding the application scope of these materials. CRN-based methods for transiently regulating the gel properties are receiving increasing attention, and the related fields are worth further studying. This feature article focuses on the CRN-mediated transient regulation of six properties of gels, which are transient gelation, transient liquefaction of gels, transient assembly of macroscopic gels, temporary actuation of gels, transient healing ability of kinetically inert gels, and cascade reaction-based self-reporting of external stimuli. Recent advances that showcase the six properties of gels controlled by CRNs are featured, the characterization and structural elucidation of gels are detailed, and the significance, achievements, and expectations of this field are discussed. The strategy of transient regulation of gel properties via CRNs is potentially useful for building the next generation of adaptive functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Nan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Qingming Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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26
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Bartus É, Tököli A, Mag B, Bajcsi Á, Kecskeméti G, Wéber E, Kele Z, Fenteany G, Martinek TA. Light-Fueled Primitive Replication and Selection in Biomimetic Chemical Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of chemically evolvable replicators is central to abiogenesis. Chemical evolvability requires three essential components: energy-harvesting mechanisms for nonequilibrium dissipation, kinetically asymmetric replication and decomposition pathways, and structure-dependent selective templating in the autocatalytic cycles. We observed a UVA light-fueled chemical system displaying sequence-dependent replication and replicator decomposition. The system was constructed with primitive peptidic foldamer components. The photocatalytic formation-recombination cycle of thiyl radicals was coupled with the molecular recognition steps in the replication cycles. Thiyl radical-mediated chain reaction was responsible for the replicator death mechanism. The competing and kinetically asymmetric replication and decomposition processes led to light intensity-dependent selection far from equilibrium. Here, we show that this system can dynamically adapt to energy influx and seeding. The results highlight that mimicking chemical evolution is feasible with primitive building blocks and simple chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Bartus
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Tököli
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Mag
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Bajcsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kecskeméti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Fenteany
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A Martinek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Rao A, Roy S, Jain V, Pillai PP. Nanoparticle Self-Assembly: From Design Principles to Complex Matter to Functional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25248-25274. [PMID: 35715224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The creation of matter with varying degrees of complexities and desired functions is one of the ultimate targets of self-assembly. The ability to regulate the complex interactions between the individual components is essential in achieving this target. In this direction, the initial success of controlling the pathways and final thermodynamic states of a self-assembly process is promising. Despite the progress made in the field, there has been a growing interest in pushing the limits of self-assembly processes. The main inception of this interest is that the intended self-assembled state, with varying complexities, may not be "at equilibrium (or at global minimum)", rendering free energy minimization unsuitable to form the desired product. Thus, we believe that a thorough understanding of the design principles as well as the ability to predict the outcome of a self-assembly process is essential to form a collection of the next generation of complex matter. The present review highlights the potent role of finely tuned interparticle interactions in nanomaterials to achieve the preferred self-assembled structures with the desired properties. We believe that bringing the design and prediction to nanoparticle self-assembly processes will have a similar effect as retrosynthesis had on the logic of chemical synthesis. Along with the guiding principles, the review gives a summary of the different types of products created from nanoparticle assemblies and the functional properties emerging from them. Finally, we highlight the reasonable expectations from the field and the challenges lying ahead in the creation of complex and evolvable matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Sumit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vanshika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Pramod P Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
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28
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Lang X, Huang Y, He L, Wang Y, Thumu U, Chu Z, Huck WTS, Zhao H. Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3084. [PMID: 37248275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out-of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations. However, these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Herein, we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in a closed system, which is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. On shaking, the viologens are quickly oxidated by air followed by self-assembly of pyranine into micrometer-sized nanotubes. The self-assembled nanotubes disassemble spontaneously over time by the reduced agent, with nitrogen as the only waste product. Our mechanosensitive dissipative system can be extended to fabricate a chiral transient supramolecular helix by introducing chiral-charged small molecules. Moreover, we show that shaking induces transient fluorescence enhancement or quenching depending on substitution of viologens. Ultrasound is introduced as a specific shaking way to generate template-free reproducible patterns. Additionally, the shake-driven transient polymerization of amphiphilic naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide serves as further evidence of the versatility of our mechanosensitive non-equilibrium system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Lang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong He
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Udayabhaskararao Thumu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Zonglin Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
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29
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Chen X, Würbser MA, Boekhoven J. Chemically Fueled Supramolecular Materials. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37256081 PMCID: PMC10226104 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.2c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In biology, the function of many molecules is regulated through nonequilibrium chemical reaction cycles. The prototypical example is the phosphorylation of an amino acid in an enzyme which induces a functional change, e.g., it folds or unfolds, assembles or disassembles, or binds a substrate. Such phosphorylation does not occur spontaneously but requires a phosphorylating agent with high chemical potential (for example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) to be converted into a molecule with lower chemical potential (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)). When this energy is used to regulate an assembly, we speak of chemically fueled assemblies; i.e., the molecule with high potential, the fuel, is used to regulate a self-assembly process. For example, the binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to tubulin induces self-assembly. The bound GTP is hydrolyzed to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) upon assembly, which induces tubulin disassembly. The result is a dynamic assembly endowed with unique characteristics, such as time-dependent behavior and the ability to self-heal. These intriguing, unique properties have inspired supramolecular chemists to create similar chemically fueled molecular assemblies from the bottom up. While examples have been designed, they remain scarce partly because chemically fueled reaction cycles are rare and often complex. Thus, we recently developed a carbodiimide-driven reaction cycle that is versatile and easy to use, quantitatively understood, and does not suffer from side reactions. In the reaction cycle, a carboxylate precursor reacts with a carbodiimide to form an activated species like an anhydride or ester. The activated state reacts with water and thereby reverts to its precursor state; i.e., the activated state is deactivated. Effectively, the precursor catalyzes carbodiimides' conversion into waste and forms a transient activated state. We designed building blocks to regulate a range of assemblies and supramolecular materials at the expense of carbodiimide fuel. The simplicity and versatility of the reaction cycles have democratized and popularized the field of chemically fueled assemblies. In this Account, we describe what we have "learned" on our way. We introduce the field exemplified by biological nonequilibrium self-assembly. We describe the design of the carbodiimide-driven reaction cycle. Using examples from our group and others, we offer design rules for the building block's structure and strategies to create the desired morphology or supramolecular materials. The discussed morphologies include fibers, colloids, crystals, and oil- and coacervate-based droplets. We then demonstrate how these assemblies form supramolecular materials with unique material properties like the ability to self-heal. Besides, we discuss the concept of reciprocal coupling in which the assembly exerts feedback on its reaction cycle and we also offer examples of such feedback mechanisms. Finally, we close the Account with a discussion and an outlook on this field. This Account aims to provide our fundamental understanding and facilitate further progress toward conceptually new supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Michaela A. Würbser
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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30
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Winkens M, Vilcan A, de Visser PJ, de Graaf FV, Korevaar PA. Orbiting Self-Organization of Filament-Tethered Surface-Active Droplets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206800. [PMID: 36799188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissipative chemical systems hold the potential to enable life-like behavior in synthetic matter, such as self-organization, motility, and dynamic switching between different states. Here, out-of-equilibrium self-organization is demonstrated by interconnected source and drain droplets at an air-water interface, which display dynamic behavior due to a hydrolysis reaction that generates a concentration gradient around the drain droplets. This concentration gradient interferes with the adhesion of self-assembled amphiphile filaments that grow from a source droplet. The chemical gradient sustains a unique orbiting of the drain droplet, which is proposed to be driven by the selective adhesion of the filaments to the front of the moving droplet, while filaments approaching from behind are destabilized upon contact with the hydrolysis product in the trail of the droplet. Potential applications are foreseen in the transfer of chemical signals amongst communicating droplets in rearranging networks, and the implementation of chemical reactions to drive complex positioning routines in life-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Winkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Vilcan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J de Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Freek V de Graaf
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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31
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Xiang Y, Mao H, Tong SC, Liu C, Yan R, Zhao L, Zhu L, Bao C. A Facile and Versatile Approach to Construct Photoactivated Peptide Hydrogels by Regulating Electrostatic Repulsion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5536-5547. [PMID: 36892586 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Short peptides that can respond to external stimuli have been considered as the preferred building blocks to construct hydrogels for biomedical applications. In particular, photoresponsive peptides that are capable of triggering the formation of hydrogels upon light irradiation allow the properties of hydrogels to be changed remotely by precise and localized actuation. Here, we used the photochemical reaction of the 2-nitrobenzyl ester group (NB) to develop a facile and versatile strategy for constructing photoactivated peptide hydrogels. The peptides with high aggregation propensity were designed as hydrogelators, which were photocaged by a positively charged dipeptide (KK) to provide strong charge repulsion and prevent self-assembly in water. Light irradiation led to the removal of KK and triggered the self-assembly of peptides and the formation of hydrogel. Light stimulation endows spatial and temporal control, which enables the formation of hydrogel with precisely tunable structure and mechanical properties. Cell culture and behavior study indicated that the optimized photoactivated hydrogel was suitable for 2D and 3D cell culture, and its photocontrollable mechanical strength could regulate the spreading of stem cells on its surface. Therefore, our strategy provides an alternative way to construct photoactivated peptide hydrogels with wide applications in biomedical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huanv Mao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Si-Cheng Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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32
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Chen X, Stasi M, Rodon-Fores J, Großmann PF, Bergmann AM, Dai K, Tena-Solsona M, Rieger B, Boekhoven J. A Carbodiimide-Fueled Reaction Cycle That Forms Transient 5(4 H)-Oxazolones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6880-6887. [PMID: 36931284 PMCID: PMC10064336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In life, molecular architectures, like the cytoskeletal proteins or the nucleolus, catalyze the conversion of chemical fuels to perform their functions. For example, tubulin catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to form a dynamic cytoskeletal network. In contrast, myosin uses the energy obtained by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP to exert forces. Artificial examples of such beautiful architectures are scarce partly because synthetic chemically fueled reaction cycles are relatively rare. Here, we introduce a new chemical reaction cycle driven by the hydration of a carbodiimide. Unlike other carbodiimide-fueled reaction cycles, the proposed cycle forms a transient 5(4H)-oxazolone. The reaction cycle is efficient in forming the transient product and is robust to operate under a wide range of fuel inputs, pH, and temperatures. The versatility of the precursors is vast, and we demonstrate several molecular designs that yield chemically fueled droplets, fibers, and crystals. We anticipate that the reaction cycle can offer a range of other assemblies and, due to its versatility, can also be incorporated into molecular motors and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rodon-Fores
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Paula F Großmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander M Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marta Tena-Solsona
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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33
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Su B, Chi T, Ye Z, Xiang Y, Dong P, Liu D, Addonizio CJ, Webber MJ. Transient and Dissipative Host-Guest Hydrogels Regulated by Consumption of a Reactive Chemical Fuel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216537. [PMID: 36598411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transient self-assembly of molecules under the direction of a consumable fuel source is fundamental to biological processes such as cellular organization and motility. Such biomolecular assemblies exist in an out-of-equilibrium state, requiring continuous consumption of high energy molecules. At the same time, the creation of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels has traditionally focused on associations occurring at the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Here, hydrogels are prepared from cucurbit[7]uril host-guest supramolecular interactions through transient physical crosslinking driven by the consumption of a reactive chemical fuel. Upon action from this fuel, the affinity and dynamics of CB[7]-guest recognition are altered. In this way, the lifetime of transient hydrogel formation and the dynamic modulus obtained are governed by fuel consumption, rather than being directed by equilibrium complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Teng Chi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher J Addonizio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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34
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Ayme JF, Bruchmann B, Karmazin L, Kyritsakas N. Transient self-assembly of metal-organic complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1244-1251. [PMID: 36756320 PMCID: PMC9891378 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06374c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing transient processes in networks of dynamic molecules holds great promise for developing new functional behaviours. Here we report that trichloroacetic acid can be used to temporarily rearrange networks of dynamic imine-based metal complexes towards new equilibrium states, forcing them to express complexes otherwise unfavourable in their initial equilibrium states. Basic design principles were determined for the creation of such networks. Where a complex distribution of products was obtained in the initial equilibrium state of the system, the transient rearrangement temporarily yielded a simplified output, forcing a more structured distribution of products. Where a single complex was obtained in the initial equilibrium state of the system, the transient rearrangement temporarily modified the properties of this complex. By doing so, the mechanical properties of an helical macrocyclic complex could be temporarily altered by rearranging it into a [2]catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- BASF SE, Joint Research Network on Advanced Materials and Systems (JONAS) Carl-Bosch Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Bernd Bruchmann
- BASF SE, Joint Research Network on Advanced Materials and Systems (JONAS) Carl-Bosch Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Fédération de chimie Le Bel FR2010, Université de Strasbourg1 rue Blaise Pascal67008 StrasbourgFrance
| | - Nathalie Kyritsakas
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Fédération de chimie Le Bel FR2010, Université de Strasbourg1 rue Blaise Pascal67008 StrasbourgFrance
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35
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Dissipative crystallization of ion-pair receptors. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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36
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Kruse J, Sanromán‐Iglesias M, Marauri A, Rivilla I, Grzelczak M. Coupling Reversible Clustering of DNA‐Coated Gold Nanoparticles with Chemothermal Cycloaddition Reaction. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Kruse
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA Tolosa Hiribidea 76 20018 Donostia-Sebastián Spain
| | - Maria Sanromán‐Iglesias
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018 Donostia San-Sebastián Spain
| | - Aimar Marauri
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Ivan Rivilla
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018 Donostia San-Sebastián Spain
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37
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Pascal R, Pross A. On the Chemical Origin of Biological Cognition. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122016. [PMID: 36556381 PMCID: PMC9785165 DOI: 10.3390/life12122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of life's most striking characteristics is its mental dimension, one whose very existence within a material system has long been a deep scientific mystery. Given the current scientific view that life emerged from non-life, how was it possible for 'dead' matter to have taken on mental capabilities? In this Perspective we describe the existence of a recently discovered non-equilibrium state of matter, an energized dynamic kinetic state, and demonstrate how particular chemical systems once activated into that kinetic state could manifest rudimentary cognitive behavior. Thus, contrary to a common view that biology is not reducible to physics and chemistry, recent findings in both chemistry and biology suggest that life's mental state is an outcome of its physical state, and therefore may be explicable in physical/chemical terms. Such understanding offers added insight into the physico-chemical process by which life was able to emerge from non-life and the perennial 'what is life?' question. Most remarkably, it appears that Darwin, through his deep understanding of the evolutionary process, already sensed the existence of a connection between life's physical and mental states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pascal
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), Aix-Marseille Université—CNRS, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Addy Pross
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence:
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38
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wu H, Dong X, Shi P, Qu H, Chen Y, Cao XY, Tian ZQ, Hu X, Yang L. Evolution of Transient Luminescent Assemblies Regulated by Trace Water in Organic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19410-19416. [PMID: 36223688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trace water in organic solvents can play a crucial role in the construction of supramolecular assemblies, which has not gained enough attention until very recent years. Herein, we demonstrate that residual water in organic solvents plays a decisive role in the regulation of the evolution of assembled structures and their functionality. By adding Mg(ClO4)2 into a multi-component organic solution containing terpyridine-based ligand 3Tpy and monodentate imidazole-based ligand M2, the system underwent an unexpected kinetic evolution. Metallo-supramolecular polymers (MSP) formed first by the coordination of 3Tpy and Mg2+, but they subsequently decomposed due to the interference of M2, resulting in a transient MSP system. Further investigation revealed that this occurred because residual water in the solvent and M2 cooperatively coordinated with Mg2+. This allowed M2 to capture Mg2+ from MSP, which led to depolymerization. However, owing to the slow reaction between trace water/M2/Mg2+, the formation of MSP still occurred first. Therefore, water regulated both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the system and was the key factor for constructing the transient MSP. Fine-tuning the water content and other assembly motifs regulated the assembly evolution pathway, tuned the MSP lifetime, and made the luminescent color of the system undergo intriguing transition processes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - PeiChen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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39
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Zhao T, E Y, Cui J, Hao J, Wang X. Nonequilibrium regulation of interfacial chemistry for transient macroscopic supramolecular assembly. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Zhang C, Lu H, Wang X. Transient Polymer Hydrogels Based on Dynamic Covalent Borate Ester Bonds. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Haoyue Lu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China
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41
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Hossain MM, Jayalath IM, Baral R, Hartley CS. Carbodiimide‐Induced Formation of Transient Polyether Cages**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isuru M. Jayalath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Renuka Baral
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
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42
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Englert A, Vogel JF, Bergner T, Loske J, von Delius M. A Ribonucleotide ↔ Phosphoramidate Reaction Network Optimized by Computer-Aided Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15266-15274. [PMID: 35953065 PMCID: PMC9413217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A growing number of out-of-equilibrium systems have been
created
and investigated in chemical laboratories over the past decade. One
way to achieve this is to create a reaction cycle, in which the forward
reaction is driven by a chemical fuel and the backward reaction follows
a different pathway. Such dissipative reaction networks are still
relatively rare, however, and most non-enzymatic examples are based
on the carbodiimide-driven generation of carboxylic acid anhydrides.
In this work, we describe a dissipative reaction network that comprises
the chemically fueled formation of phosphoramidates from natural ribonucleotides
(e.g., GMP or AMP) and phosphoramidate hydrolysis as a mild backward
reaction. Because the individual reactions are subject to a multitude
of interconnected parameters, the software-assisted tool “Design
of Experiments” (DoE) was a great asset for optimizing and
understanding the network. One notable insight was the stark effect
of the nucleophilic catalyst 1-ethylimidazole (EtIm) on the hydrolysis
rate, which is reminiscent of the action of the histidine group in
phosphoramidase enzymes (e.g., HINT1). We were also able to use the
reaction cycle to generate transient self-assemblies, which were characterized
by dynamic light scattering (DLS), confocal microscopy (CLSM), and
cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Because these
compartments are based on prebiotically plausible building blocks,
our findings may have relevance for origin-of-life scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Englert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian F Vogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Bergner
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Loske
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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43
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Penocchio E, Avanzini F, Esposito M. Information thermodynamics for deterministic chemical reaction networks. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:034110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Information thermodynamics relates the rate of change of mutual information between two interacting subsystems to their thermodynamics when the joined system is described by a bipartite stochastic dynamics satisfying local detailed balance. Here, we expand the scope of information thermodynamics to deterministic bipartite chemical reaction networks, namely, composed of two coupled subnetworks sharing species but not reactions. We do so by introducing a meaningful notion of mutual information between different molecular features that we express in terms of deterministic concentrations. This allows us to formulate separate second laws for each subnetwork, which account for their energy and information exchanges, in complete analogy with stochastic systems. We then use our framework to investigate the working mechanisms of a model of chemically driven self-assembly and an experimental light-driven bimolecular motor. We show that both systems are constituted by two coupled subnetworks of chemical reactions. One subnetwork is maintained out of equilibrium by external reservoirs (chemostats or light sources) and powers the other via energy and information flows. In doing so, we clarify that the information flow is precisely the thermodynamic counterpart of an information ratchet mechanism only when no energy flow is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Penocchio
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Avanzini
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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44
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Sharko A, Livitz D, De Piccoli S, Bishop KJM, Hermans TM. Insights into Chemically Fueled Supramolecular Polymers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11759-11777. [PMID: 35674495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymerization can be controlled in space and time by chemical fuels. A nonassembled monomer is activated by the fuel and subsequently self-assembles into a polymer. Deactivation of the molecule either in solution or inside the polymer leads to disassembly. Whereas biology has already mastered this approach, fully artificial examples have only appeared in the past decade. Here, we map the available literature examples into four distinct regimes depending on their activation/deactivation rates and the equivalents of deactivating fuel. We present increasingly complex mathematical models, first considering only the chemical activation/deactivation rates (i.e., transient activation) and later including the full details of the isodesmic or cooperative supramolecular processes (i.e., transient self-assembly). We finish by showing that sustained oscillations are possible in chemically fueled cooperative supramolecular polymerization and provide mechanistic insights. We hope our models encourage the quantification of activation, deactivation, assembly, and disassembly kinetics in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Thomas M Hermans
- University of Strasbourg & CNRS, UMR7140, Strasbourg 67000, France
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45
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Chen G, Shi P, Zeng L, Feng L, Wang X, Lin X, Sun Y, Fang H, Cao X, Wang X, Yang L, Tian Z. Supramolecular copolymerization through self-correction of non-polymerizable transient intermediates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7796-7804. [PMID: 35865888 PMCID: PMC9258341 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic control over structures and functions of complex assembly systems has aroused widespread interest. Understanding the complex pathway and transient intermediates is helpful to decipher how multiple components evolve into complex assemblies. However, for supramolecular polymerizations, thorough and quantitative kinetic analysis is often overlooked. Challenges remain in collecting the information of structure and content of transient intermediates in situ with high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, the unsolved evolution mechanism of a classical self-sorting supramolecular copolymerization system was addressed by employing multidimensional NMR techniques coupled with a microfluidic technique. Unexpected complex pathways were revealed and quantitatively analyzed. A counterintuitive pathway involving polymerization through the 'error-correction' of non-polymerizable transient intermediates was identified. Moreover, a 'non-classical' step-growth polymerization process controlled by the self-sorting mechanism was unraveled based on the kinetic study. Realizing the existence of transient intermediates during self-sorting can encourage the exploitation of this strategy to construct kinetic steady state assembly systems. Moreover, the strategy of coupling a microfluidic technique with various characterization techniques can provide a kinetic analysis toolkit for versatile assembly systems. The combined approach of coupling thermodynamic and kinetic analyses is indispensable for understanding the assembly mechanisms, the rules of emergence, and the engineering of complex assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Peichen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Liubin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xujing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering (National Model Microelectronics College), Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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46
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Corra S, Bakić MT, Groppi J, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Penocchio E, Esposito M, Credi A. Kinetic and energetic insights into the dissipative non-equilibrium operation of an autonomous light-powered supramolecular pump. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:746-751. [PMID: 35760895 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial autonomous molecular machines operate by constantly dissipating energy coming from an external source to maintain a non-equilibrium state. Quantitative thermodynamic characterization of these dissipative states is highly challenging as they exist only as long as energy is provided. Here we report on the detailed physicochemical characterization of the dissipative operation of a supramolecular pump. The pump transduces light energy into chemical energy by bringing self-assembly reactions to non-equilibrium steady states. The composition of the system under light irradiation was followed in real time by 1H NMR for four different irradiation intensities. The experimental composition and photon flow were then fed into a theoretical model describing the non-equilibrium dissipation and the energy storage at the steady state. We quantitatively probed the relationship between the light energy input and the deviation of the dissipative state from thermodynamic equilibrium in this artificial system. Our results provide a testing ground for newly developed theoretical models for photoactivated artificial molecular machines operating away from thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Tranfić Bakić
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, Bologna, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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47
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Tan M, Takeuchi M, Takai A. Cooperative self-assembling process of core-substituted naphthalenediimide induced by amino-yne click reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7196-7199. [PMID: 35671101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a cooperative (i.e., nucleation-elongation) self-assembling process of a core-substituted naphthalenediimide induced by a catalyst-free amino-yne click reaction at 298 K. The self-assembling process was initiated immediately in the presence of nuclei (seeds). The combination of the click reaction and the seeded self-assembling process paves the way for precise control over supramolecular assemblies of electron-deficient π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Tan
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
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48
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Li X, Wang G, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Sun T, Liu S. Dissipative self-assembly of a dual-responsive block copolymer driven by a chemical oscillator. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 615:732-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Olivieri E, Gasch B, Quintard G, Naubron JV, Quintard A. Dissipative Acid-Fueled Reprogrammable Supramolecular Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24720-24728. [PMID: 35580903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials reversibly changing properties in response to a stimuli are promising for a broad array of applications. In this article, we report the use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as fuel to create new types of time-controlled materials switching reversibly from a gel to a solution (gel-sol-gel cycle). Applying various neutral amines as organogelators, TCA addition induces amine protonation, switching the system to a solution, while TCA decarboxylation over time enables a return to the initial gel state. Consequently, the newly obtained materials possess interesting time-dependent properties applied in the generation of remoldable objects, as an erasing ink, as chiroptical switches, or for the generation of new types of electrical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Olivieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Baptiste Gasch
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP-UMR CNRS 5223, F 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole, FR1739 Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
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50
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Del Giudice D, Frateloreto F, Sappino C, Di Stefano S. Chemical Tools for the Temporal Control of Water Solution pH and Applications in Dissipative Systems. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Carla Sappino
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry Department Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome ITALY
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