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Du M, Houck HA, Yin Q, Xu Y, Huang Y, Lan Y, Yang L, Du Prez FE, Chang G. Force-reversible chemical reaction at ambient temperature for designing toughened dynamic covalent polymer networks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3231. [PMID: 35680925 PMCID: PMC9184613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Force-reversible C-N bonds, resulting from the click chemistry reaction between triazolinedione (TAD) and indole derivatives, offer exciting opportunities for molecular-level engineering to design materials that respond to mechanical loads. Here, we displayed that TAD-indole adducts, acting as crosslink points in dry-state covalently crosslinked polymers, enable materials to display reversible stress-responsiveness in real time already at ambient temperature. Whereas the exergonic TAD-indole reaction results in the formation of bench-stable adducts, they were shown to dissociate at ambient temperature when embedded in a polymer network and subjected to a stretching force to recover the original products. Moreover, the nascent TAD moiety can spontaneously and immediately be recombined after dissociation with an indole reaction partners at ambient temperature, thus allowing for the adjustment of the polymer segment conformation and the maintenance of the network integrity by force-reversible behaviors. Overall, our strategy represents a general method to create toughened covalently crosslinked polymer materials with simultaneous enhancement of mechanical strength and ductility, which is quite challenging to achieve by conventional chemical methods. Weak force-activated covalent bonds as crosslink points can increase mechanical strength and ductility in polymers but the bonds, once broken, cannot be reformed in real time under ambient conditions leading to irreversible damage. Here, the authors demonstrate that triazolinedione (TAD)-indole adducts acting as crosslink points enable materials to display already at ambient temperature reversible stress-responsiveness in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qiang Yin
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, P. R. China
| | - Yewei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lan
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Guanjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials & School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Fu Y, Bi H, Lei S, Wang SR. Brønsted acid promoted substrate-dependent regiodivergent alkynylcyclopropane–cyclopentadiene rearrangement assisted by the internal carbonyl group. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Facile Brønsted acid promoted alkynylcyclopropane–cyclopentadiene rearrangement, avoiding the five-membered cycloallene intermediate assisted by the internal carbonyl groups, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongyan Bi
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Siling Lei
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sunewang R. Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
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3
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One-pot approach: Tandem consecutive Ugi-4CR/ACM-type reaction towards the synthesis of functionalised quinoline-2(1H)-one scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Hussein AA, Ali HS. Revealing the Mechanism and Origin of Reactivity of Au(I)-Catalyzed Functionalized Indenone Formation of Cyclic and Acyclic Acetals of Alkynylaldehydes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12682-12691. [PMID: 32865412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theory study is presented here to offer mechanistic insights and explications of experimentally intriguing observations in the Au(I)-catalyzed cyclization of cyclic and acyclic acetals of alkynylaldehydes that leads to indenone formation. The reactivity of catalytic cycles with and without methoxy migration is clearly defined when the alkyne terminus is phenylated. The reaction mechanism of indenone formation proceeds first with the coordination of Au(I) to alkyne to initiate the reaction with 1,5-H shift as a rate-determining step (RDS), and the fastest 1,5-H shift is achieved when one phenyl ring carries an electron-donating group and the other one is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group. Following the 1,5-H shift, the reaction undergoes feasible steps that are cyclization and 1,2-H shift before elimination to persist the iterative cycle, but the reactivity of both steps is highly affected by the existence of the phenyl group on the alkyne terminus. The unreactivity of the alkyne terminus not bearing a phenyl ring is because the cyclization is thermodynamically disfavorable, subsequently deactivating the 1,2-H shift kinetically and thermodynamically. The absence of a tether in the acetal unit considerably outpaces any 1,5-H shift and instead activates 1,5-methoxy migration, giving methoxy-migrated indenone, with the 1,2-OMe shift being an RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala P.O. Box 198, Iraq
| | - Hafiz S Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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5
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Das A, Sarkar S, Chakraborty B, Kar A, Jana U. Catalytic Alkyne/Alkene-Carbonyl Metathesis: Towards the Development of Green Organic Synthesis. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346106666191105144019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of carbon-carbon bond through the metathesis reactions between carbonyls
and olefins or alkynes has attracted significant interest in organic chemistry due to its high atomeconomy
and efficiency. In this regard, carbonyl–alkyne metathesis is well developed and widely used
in organic synthesis for the atom-efficient construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles in the
presence of catalytic Lewis acids or Brønsted acids. On the other hand, alkene-carbonyl metathesis is
recently developed and has been a topic of great importance in the field of organic chemistry because
they possess attractive qualities involving metal-mediated, metal-free intramolecular, photochemical,
Lewis acid-mediated ring-closing metathesis, ring-opening metathesis and cross-metathesis. This review
covers most of the strategies of carbonyl–alkyne and carbonyl–olefin metathesis reactions in the
synthesis of complex molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as provides an overview
of exploration of the metathesis reactions with high atom-economy as well as environmentally and
ecologically benign reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Soumen Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Balurghat College, Balurghat, West Bengal 733103, India
| | - Baitan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
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6
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Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2924-2928. [PMID: 29276938 PMCID: PMC6233894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a widely applicable nucleophilic (radio)fluoroclick reaction of ynamides with readily available and easy-to-handle KF(18 F). The reactions exhibited high functional-group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. This 18 F addition to C-C unsaturated bonds proceeded with extraordinarily high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.,
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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7
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Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
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8
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Cao Z, Zhu H, Meng X, Li J, Li S, Huang Z, Zhu J, Sun X, You J. Synthesis of multisubstituted N-(tosylamino)pyrrole derivatives by AuCl3-catalyzed cycloisomerization of the β-alkynyl hydrazones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1205626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Cao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jiekun Zhu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmao You
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
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9
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Saito A, Tateishi K. Syntheses of Heterocycles via Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis of Unactivated Alkynes. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-15-836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Dorel R, Echavarren AM. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Alkynes for the Construction of Molecular Complexity. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9028-72. [PMID: 25844920 PMCID: PMC4580024 DOI: 10.1021/cr500691k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Shabalin DA, Dvorko MY, Schmidt EY, Ushakov IA, Protsuk NI, Kobychev VB, Soshnikov DY, Trofimov AB, Vitkovskaya NM, Mikhaleva AI, Trofimov BA. 3H-Pyrroles from ketoximes and acetylene: synthesis, stability and quantum-chemical insight. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Cao Z, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Meng X, Chen G, Zhao XE, Sun X, You J. Gold-catalyzed tandem cycloisomerization/Petasis–Ferrier rearrangement: a direct route to 3-alkoxyindanones from enynals and alcohols. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A method to prepare 3-alkoxyindanones by gold-catalyzed tandem cycloisomerization/Petasis–Ferrier rearrangement of ortho-ethynylarylaldehydes with alcohols is described. The reaction also offers a synthetic route to 3-alkoxylcyclopentenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- P. R. China
| | - Ludan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Xin Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Guang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Xuejun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
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13
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Hu Y, Yi R, Yu X, Xin X, Wang C, Wan B. O-Transfer-facilitated cyclizations of propargylamides with TMSN3: selective synthesis of tetrazoles and dihydroimidazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15398-401. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the O-transfer-facilitated cyclizations of propargylamides with TMSN3 to selectively afford functionalized tetrazoles and diiodomethylated dihydroimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Ruxia Yi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xinzhang Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xiaoyi Xin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Chunxiang Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
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14
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Shiroodi R, Koleda O, Gevorgyan V. 1,2-boryl migration empowers regiodivergent synthesis of borylated furans. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13146-9. [PMID: 25198147 PMCID: PMC4183646 DOI: 10.1021/ja507054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective transition metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction of boron-containing alkynyl epoxides toward C2- and C3-borylated furans has been developed. It was found that the copper catalyst as well as the gold catalyst with more basic triflate counterion favor boryl migration toward C3-borylated furans, whereas employment of the cationic gold hexafluoroantimonate affords C2-borylated furan via a formal 1,2-hydrogen shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah
Kazem Shiroodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Olesja Koleda
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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15
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Vummaleti SVC, Falivene L, Poater A, Cavallo L. Deconstructing Selectivity in the Gold-Promoted Cyclization of Alkynyl Benzothioamides to Six-Membered Mesoionic Carbene or Acyclic Carbene Complexes. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Vikrama Chaitanya Vummaleti
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Falivene
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Kaust
Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Ji MK, Hertsen D, Yoon DH, Eum H, Goossens H, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N, Ha HJ. Nucleophile-dependent regio- and stereoselective ring opening of 1-azoniabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane tosylate. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1060-7. [PMID: 24488926 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1-[(1R)-(1-Phenylethyl)]-1-azoniabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane tosylate was generated as a stable bicyclic aziridinium salt from the corresponding 2-(3-hydroxypropyl)aziridine upon reaction with p-toluenesulfonyl anhydride. This bicyclic aziridinium ion was then treated with various nucleophiles including halides, azide, acetate, and cyanide in CH3CN to afford either piperidines or pyrrolidines through regio- and stereoselective ring opening, mediated by the characteristics of the applied nucleophile. On the basis of DFT calculations, ring-opening reactions under thermodynamic control yield piperidines, whereas reactions under kinetic control can yield both piperidines and pyrrolidines depending on the activation energies for both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 449-791 (Korea)
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17
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Malhotra D, Hammond GB, Xu B. Ligand design in gold catalysis and chemistry of gold-oxonium intermediates. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 357:1-23. [PMID: 25707612 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold catalysis is considered one of the most important breakthroughs in organic synthesis during the last decade. Many gold-catalyzed reactions suffer from high catalyst loading, which is a serious limitation on the application of gold catalysis in larger scale synthesis. Because ligands play a major role in the tuning of reactivity of transition metal catalysts, there has been an increased effort on rationally understanding ligand effects in gold catalysis and using a rational ligand design to achieve higher efficiency. In the first part of this chapter, selected examples of ligand design in gold catalysis are discussed. In the second part, the chemistry of gold-oxonium intermediate is examined. An oxonium intermediate is generated when a oxygen nucleophile (ketone, aldehyde, or ether) attacks a cationic gold-activated multiple bond. This oxonium intermediate, being a highly energetic species, has the potential to undergo further transformations such as electron transfer/rearrangement/protodeauration to form diverse products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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18
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Goossens H, Catak S, Glassner M, de la Rosa VR, Monnery BD, De Proft F, Van Speybroeck V, Hoogenboom R. Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Propyl-2-oxazolines: Understanding Structural Effects on Polymerization Behavior Based on Molecular Modeling. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:651-654. [PMID: 35606947 DOI: 10.1021/mz400293y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surprising difference in the cationic ring-opening polymerization rate of 2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline versus 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The polymerization kinetics of all three oxazolines were experimentally measured in acetonitrile at 140 °C, and the polymerization rate constant (kp) was found to decrease in the order c-PropOx > n-PropOx > i-PropOx. Theoretical free energy calculations confirmed the trend for kp, and a set of DFT-based reactivity descriptors, electrostatics, and frontier molecular orbitals were studied to detect the factors controlling this peculiar behavior. Our results show that the observed reactivity is dictated by electrostatic effects. More in particular, the charge on the nitrogen atom of the monomer, used to measure its nucleophilicity, was the most negative for c-PropOx. Furthermore, the electrophilicity of the cations does not change substantially, and thus, the nucleophilicity of the monomers is the driving factor for kp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Goossens
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde,
Belgium
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde,
Belgium
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bryn D. Monnery
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | | | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Malhotra D, Liu LP, Mashuta MS, Hammond GB. Gold-Catalyzed Annulations of 2-Alkynyl Benzaldehydes with Vinyl Ethers: Synthesis of Dihydronaphthalene, Isochromene, and Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:4043-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Mollet K, Goossens H, Piens N, Catak S, Waroquier M, Törnroos KW, Van Speybroeck V, D'hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐oxazin‐3‐ones through Ring Transformation of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐(1,2‐dihydroxyethyl)‐β‐lactams and a Study of Their Reactivity. Chemistry 2013; 19:3383-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mollet
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐62‐21
| | - Hannelore Goossens
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Belgium), Member of QCMM‐Alliance, Ghent‐Brussels (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐66‐97
| | - Nicola Piens
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐62‐21
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Belgium), Member of QCMM‐Alliance, Ghent‐Brussels (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐66‐97
- Current address: Syngenta Crop Protection, Münchwilen AG, 4332 Stein (Switzerland)
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Belgium), Member of QCMM‐Alliance, Ghent‐Brussels (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐66‐97
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, 5007 Bergen (Norway)
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde (Belgium), Member of QCMM‐Alliance, Ghent‐Brussels (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐66‐97
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐62‐21
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent (Belgium), Fax: (+32) 9‐264‐62‐21
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21
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De Blieck A, Catak S, Debrouwer W, Drabowicz J, Hemelsoet K, Verstraelen T, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, Stevens CV. Diphosphonylation of Aromatic Diazaheterocycles and Theoretical Rationalization of Product Yields. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Pérez AG, Álvarez R, de Lera ÁR. Characterization of pericyclic steps in the mechanisms of Gold(I) catalyzed rearrangement of alkynes. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Ghebreghiorgis T, Biannic B, Kirk BH, Ess DH, Aponick A. The Importance of Hydrogen Bonding to Stereoselectivity and Catalyst Turnover in Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization of Monoallylic Diols. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16307-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ghebreghiorgis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
| | - Berenger Biannic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
| | - Brian H. Kirk
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,
United States
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24
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Yildirim A, Konuklar FAS, Catak S, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, Dogan I, Aviyente V. Solvent-catalyzed ring-chain-ring tautomerization in axially chiral compounds. Chemistry 2012; 18:12725-32. [PMID: 22976311 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of ring-chain-ring tautomerization and the prominent effect of the solvent environment have been computationally investigated in an effort to explain the enantiomeric interconversion observed in 2-oxazolidinone derivatives, heterocyclic analogues of biphenyl atropisomers, which were isolated as single stable enantiomers and have the potential to be used as axially chiral catalysts. This study has shed light on the identity of the intermediate species involved in the ring-chain-ring tautomerization process as well as the catalytic effect of polar protic solvents. These mechanistic details will prove very useful in predicting and understanding ring-chain tautomeric equilibria in similar heterocyclic systems and will further enable experimentalists to devise appropriate experimental conditions in which axially chiral catalysts remain stable as single enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Zhan JH, Lv H, Yu Y, Zhang JL. Catalytic C-F Bond Activation of Perfluoroarenes by Tricoordinated Gold(I) Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Mangelinckx S, De Sterck B, Colpaert F, Catak S, Jacobs J, Rooryck S, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, De Kimpe N. Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of Zincated 3-Chloro-3-methyl-1-azaallylic Anions as Key Step in the Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted 3-Chloroazetidines. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3415-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300203t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Sterck
- Center for Molecular Modeling,
Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,
Member of QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Filip Colpaert
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling,
Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,
Member of QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Rooryck
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling,
Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,
Member of QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling,
Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium,
Member of QCMM Alliance Ghent-Brussels
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent
University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Mollet K, Catak S, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V, D’hooghe M, De Kimpe N. Stereoselective Synthesis of cis-3,4-Disubstituted Piperidines through Ring Transformation of 2-(2-Mesyloxyethyl)azetidines. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8364-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201556t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mollet
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University (Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels), Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University (Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels), Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University (Member of QCMM-Alliance Ghent-Brussels), Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’hooghe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Gold‐Catalyzed, Intramolecular, Oxygen‐Transfer Reactions of 2‐Alkynyl‐1,5‐diketones or 2‐Alkynyl‐5‐ketoesters: Scope, Expansion, and Mechanistic Investigations on a New [4+2] Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2011; 17:10690-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Liu L, Xu B, Hammond GB. Construction of cyclic enones via gold-catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:606-14. [PMID: 21647265 PMCID: PMC3107534 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, gold-catalyzed reactions have become a tour de force in organic synthesis. Recently, the gold-, Brønsted acid- or Lewis acid-catalyzed oxygen transfer from carbonyl to carbon–carbon triple bond, the so-called alkyne–carbonyl metathesis, has attracted much attention because this atom economical transformation generates α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives which are of great interest in synthetic organic chemistry. This mini-review focuses on the most recent achievements on gold-catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions of tethered alkynones, diynes or alkynyl epoxides to cyclic enones. The corresponding mechanisms for the transformations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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