1
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Jaiswal M, Dasgupta S. Tuning Stopper Size in Multiresponsive [2]Rotaxanes for Fluoride Anion Selective Metastability. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39053506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
[23]Crown-7-ether incorporated [2]rotaxanes, comprising an anthracene blocker and 4-isopropylphenyl/cyclohexyl end groups, exhibited varying degrees of metastability with a range of chemical (base, halide anions) and physical (solvent, heat) stimuli. Among halides, fluoride, chloride, and bromide anions affected the deslippage of 23-crown-7-ether in 4-isopropylphenyl stoppered [2]rotaxane. Surprisingly, only fluoride anions could selectively induce deslippage in cyclohexyl stoppered [2]rotaxane, whose fluorescence quenching provided an additional tool to selectively detect the fluoride anions down to 2.49 × 10-7 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800005, India
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2
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. BP23C7: high-yield synthesis and application in constructing [3]rotaxanes and responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1871-1884. [PMID: 38349013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02094k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) is synthesized in 86% yield from commercially available starting materials. BP23C7 forms pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+), exhibiting a good association constant value (ka = 1 × 103 M-1). Subsequently, fluorophoric properties of BP23C7 and anthracene terminated axles are blended to create responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of BP23C7 due to the addition of fluoride and chloride anions to pseudo[2]rotaxane systems has been investigated. Concomitant fluorescence quenching of the anthracene moiety of corresponding axles due to ion-pair formation has been addressed. Furthermore, two variants of [23]crown ethers, i.e. BP23C7 and o-xylene-23-crown-7 ether (X23C7), are applied for constructing homo[3]rotaxane architectures. A half-axle comprising of DBA+ moiety and a terminal olefin is mixed separately with two [23]crown ethers and subjected to self-metathesis using Grubbs' first-generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
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4
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Panda S, Dhara S, Singh A, Dey S, Kumar Lahiri G. Metal-coordinated azoaromatics: Strategies for sequential azo-reduction, isomerization and application potential. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Catalán AC, Loredo AA, Cervantes R, Tiburcio J. An Operative Electrostatic Slipping Mechanism along Macrocycle Flexibility Accelerates Guest Sliding during pseudo-Rotaxane Formation. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200112. [PMID: 35723426 PMCID: PMC9208289 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A pseudo‐rotaxane is a host−guest complex composed of a linear molecule encircled by a macrocyclic ring. These complexes can be assembled by sliding the host over the guest terminal groups. If there is a close match between the molecular volume of the flanking groups on the guest and the cavity size of the macrocycle, the slipping might occur slowly or even become completely hindered. We have previously shown that it is possible to overcome the restraints imposed by steric effects on the sliding process by integrating electrostatic attractive interactions during the slipping step. In this work, we extend our electrostatically assisted slipping approach (EASA) to a new host−guest system featuring a flexible macrocyclic ring and a series of asymmetric guests containing a cyclic tertiary ammonium group. Compelling evidence for pseudo‐rotaxane formation is presented, along with thermodynamic and kinetic data. Experimental results suggests that the higher conformational flexibility of 24‐crown‐8 significantly increases the sliding rate, compared with the more rigid dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8, without affecting complex stability. Furthermore, by combining the EASA and macrocycle flexibility, we were capable to slip a large eight‐membered cyclic group across the 24‐crown‐8 annulus, setting a new limit on the ring molecular size that can pass through a 24‐membered crown ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo C Catalán
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axel A Loredo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruy Cervantes
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Tiburcio
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Avenida IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Casimiro L, Andreoni L, Groppi J, Credi A, Métivier R, Silvi S. 4,4'-Dimethylazobenzene as a chemical actinometer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:825-833. [PMID: 35034332 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical actinometers are a useful tool in photochemistry, which allows to measure the photon flux of a light source to carry out quantitative analysis on photoreactions. The most commonly employed actinometers so far show minor drawbacks, such as difficult data treatment, parasite reactions, low stability or impossible reset. We propose herewith the use of 4,4'-dimethylazobenzene as a chemical actinometer. This compound undergoes a clean and efficient E/Z isomerization, approaching total conversion upon irradiation at 365 nm. Thanks to its properties, it can be used to determine the photon flux in the UV-visible region, with simple experimental methods and data treatment, and with the possibility to be reused after photochemical or thermal reset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casimiro
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM-UMR 8531, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Leonardo Andreoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM-UMR 8531, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy. .,CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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David AHG, García–Cerezo P, Campaña AG, Santoyo–González F, Blanco V. Vinyl sulfonyl chemistry-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a [2]rotaxane. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pH- and chemically-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a [2]rotaxane based on the vinyl sulfonyl groups is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. G. David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo García–Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo–González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
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8
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Seale JSW, Feng Y, Feng L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Polyrotaxanes and the pump paradigm. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8450-8475. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of the first reports of polyrotaxanes in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - R. Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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9
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Andreoni L, Baroncini M, Groppi J, Silvi S, Taticchi C, Credi A. Photochemical Energy Conversion with Artificial Molecular Machines. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021; 35:18900-18914. [PMID: 34887620 PMCID: PMC8647081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of sunlight as a clean, renewable, and distributed energy source is key to facing the energetic demand of modern society in a sustainable and affordable fashion. In the past few decades, chemists have learned to make molecular machines, that is, synthetic chemical systems in which energy inputs cause controlled movements of molecular components that could be used to perform a task. A variety of artificial molecular machines operated by light have been constructed by implementing photochemical processes within appropriately designed (supra)molecular assemblies. These studies could open up new routes for the realization of nanostructured devices and materials capable to harness, convert, and store light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Andreoni
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Taticchi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Cherraben S, Scelle J, Hasenknopf B, Vives G, Sollogoub M. Precise Rate Control of Pseudorotaxane Dethreading by pH-Responsive Selectively Functionalized Cyclodextrins. Org Lett 2021; 23:7938-7942. [PMID: 34582212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of cyclodextrins functionalized with zero, one, two, or six amines was shown to control the rate of their threading and dethreading on a molecular axle depending on the pH and their substitution pattern. The originality of this system lies in the rate control of the switch by operating the stimulus directly on the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsen Cherraben
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Scelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernold Hasenknopf
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Corra S, Casimiro L, Baroncini M, Groppi J, La Rosa M, Tranfić Bakić M, Silvi S, Credi A. Artificial Supramolecular Pumps Powered by Light. Chemistry 2021; 27:11076-11083. [PMID: 33951231 PMCID: PMC8453702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial nanoscale motors that can use energy from a source to perform tasks requires systems capable of performing directionally controlled molecular movements and operating away from chemical equilibrium. Here, the design, synthesis and properties of pseudorotaxanes are described, in which a photon input triggers the unidirectional motion of a macrocyclic ring with respect to a non-symmetric molecular axle. The photoinduced energy ratcheting at the basis of the pumping mechanism is validated by measuring the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Owing to the photochemical behavior of the azobenzene moiety embedded in the axle, the pump can repeat its operation cycle autonomously under continuous illumination. NMR spectroscopy was used to observe the dissipative non-equilibrium state generated in situ by light irradiation. We also show that fine changes in the axle structure lead to an improvement in the performance of the motor. Such results highlight the modularity and versatility of this minimalist pump design, which provides facile access to dynamic systems that operate under photoinduced non-equilibrium regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaViale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM4 Avenue des Sciences91190Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Marina Tranfić Bakić
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaViale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto ISOF-CNRVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di BolognaViale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Crespi S, Chen S, Zhang X, Xu T, Ma C, Zhou S, Shi Z, Tian H, Feringa BL, Qu D. Motorized Macrocycle: A Photo‐responsive Host with Switchable and Stereoselective Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Xiu‐Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tian‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chang‐Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shang‐Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhao‐Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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13
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Crespi S, Chen S, Zhang X, Xu T, Ma C, Zhou S, Shi Z, Tian H, Feringa BL, Qu D. Motorized Macrocycle: A Photo-responsive Host with Switchable and Stereoselective Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16129-16138. [PMID: 33955650 PMCID: PMC8361693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Designing photo-responsive host-guest systems can provide versatile supramolecular tools for constructing smart systems and materials. We designed photo-responsive macrocyclic hosts, modulated by light-driven molecular rotary motors enabling switchable chiral guest recognition. The intramolecular cyclization of the two arms of a first-generation molecular motor with flexible oligoethylene glycol chains of different lengths resulted in crown-ether-like macrocycles with intrinsic motor function. The octaethylene glycol linkage enables the successful unidirectional rotation of molecular motors, simultaneously allowing the 1:1 host-guest interaction with ammonium salt guests. The binding affinity and stereoselectivity of the motorized macrocycle can be reversibly modulated, owing to the multi-state light-driven switching of geometry and helicity of the molecular motors. This approach provides an attractive strategy to construct stimuli-responsive host-guest systems and dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xiu‐Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Tian‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Chang‐Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Shang‐Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zhao‐Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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14
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Muramatsu T, Okado Y, Traeger H, Schrettl S, Tamaoki N, Weder C, Sagara Y. Rotaxane-Based Dual Function Mechanophores Exhibiting Reversible and Irreversible Responses. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9884-9892. [PMID: 34162206 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromic mechanophores permit the design of polymers that indicate mechanical events through optical signals. Here we report rotaxane-based supramolecular mechanophores that display both reversible and irreversible fluorescence changes. These responses are triggered by different forces and are achieved by exploiting the molecular shuttling function and force-induced dethreading of rotaxanes. The new rotaxane mechanophores are composed of a ring featuring a luminophore, which is threaded onto an axle with a matching quencher and two stoppers. In the stress-free state, the luminophore is preferentially located in the proximity of the quencher, and the emission is quenched. The luminophore slides away from the quencher when a force is applied and the fluorescence is switched on. This effect is reversible, unless the force is so high that the luminophore-carrying ring slips past the stopper and dethreading occurs. We show that the combination of judiciously selected ring and stopper moieties is crucial to attain interlocked structures that display such a dual response. PU elastomers that contain such doubly responsive rotaxanes exhibit reversible fluorescence changes over multiple loading-unloading cycles due to the shuttling function, whereas permanent changes are observed upon repeated deformations to high strains due to breakage of the mechanical bond upon dethreading of the ring from the axle. This response allows one, at least conceptually, to monitor the actual deformation of polymer materials and examine mechanical damage that was inflicted in the past on the basis of an optical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Muramatsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuji Okado
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hanna Traeger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Schrettl
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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15
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Abstract
All biological pumps are autonomous catalysts; they maintain the out-of-equilibrium conditions of the cell by harnessing the energy released from their catalytic decomposition of a chemical fuel1-3. A number of artificial molecular pumps have been reported to date4, but they are all either fuelled by light5-10 or require repetitive sequential additions of reagents or varying of an electric potential during each cycle to operate11-16. Here we describe an autonomous chemically fuelled information ratchet17-20 that in the presence of fuel continuously pumps crown ether macrocycles from bulk solution onto a molecular axle without the need for further intervention. The mechanism uses the position of a crown ether on an axle both to promote barrier attachment behind it upon threading and to suppress subsequent barrier removal until the ring has migrated to a catchment region. Tuning the dynamics of both processes20,21 enables the molecular machine22-25 to pump macrocycles continuously from their lowest energy state in bulk solution to a higher energy state on the axle. The ratchet action is experimentally demonstrated by the progressive pumping of up to three macrocycles onto the axle from bulk solution under conditions where barrier formation and removal occur continuously. The out-of-equilibrium [n]rotaxanes (characterized with n up to 4) are maintained for as long as unreacted fuel is present, after which the rings slowly de-thread. The use of catalysis to drive artificial molecular pumps opens up new opportunities, insights and research directions at the interface of catalysis and molecular machinery.
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16
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Prakashni M, Shukla R, Dasgupta S. Rapid and High-Yield Synthesis of [23]Crown Ether: Applied as a Wheel Component in the Formation of Pseudo[2]rotaxane and Synthesis of [2]Catenane with a Dibenzylammonium Dumbbell. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7825-7831. [PMID: 34019406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, rapid, and high yield synthesis of [23]crown ether (X23C7) has been developed from commercially available starting materials, in one step with good to excellent yield. The reaction is completed in 6 h under room temperature conditions, with the highest yield being 81%. The X23C7 macrocycle formed pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+) dumbbell, exhibiting strong association (Ka = 2.61 × 103 M-1). Consequently, a [2]catenane was synthesized from a DBA+-based diolefin terminated salt and X23C7 in 81% yield, using a threading-followed-ring-closing-metathesis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Rasendra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India
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17
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Matsuoka R, Himori S, Yamaguchi G, Nabeshima T. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviors of Pseudorotaxane Formation with C3v Macrocyclic BODIPY Trimers and the Remarkable Substituent Effect on Ring-Face Selectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:8764-8768. [PMID: 32975422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of the pseudorotaxane formation between the C3v macrocyclic BODIPY trimers and unsymmetrical secondary ammonium guests are investigated. We find a remarkable substituent effect of the BODIPY trimer on the ring-face selectivity during the threading. The difference in the small substituents (H or CH3) in the macrocyclic host molecules significantly modulated the thermodynamic and kinetic selectivity of the threading direction of the unsymmetrical ammonium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Sou Himori
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Gento Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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18
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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19
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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20
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14825-14834. [PMID: 32396687 PMCID: PMC7496742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The general principles guiding the design of molecular machines based on interlocked structures are well known. Nonetheless, the identification of suitable molecular components for a precise tuning of the energetic parameters that determine the mechanical link is still challenging. Indeed, what are the reasons of the "all-or-nothing" effect, which turns a molecular "speed-bump" into a stopper in pseudorotaxane-based architectures? Here we investigate the threading and dethreading processes for a representative class of molecular components, based on symmetric dibenzylammonium axles and dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether, with a joint experimental-computational strategy. From the analysis of quantitative data and an atomistic insight, we derive simple rules correlating the kinetic behaviour with the substitution pattern, and provide rational guidelines for the design of modules to be integrated in molecular switches and motors with sophisticated dynamic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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21
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Wu Y, Frasconi M, Liu WG, Young RM, Goddard WA, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Electrochemical Switching of a Fluorescent Molecular Rotor Embedded within a Bistable Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11835-11846. [PMID: 32470290 PMCID: PMC8007092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report how the nanoconfined environment, introduced by the mechanical
bonds within an electrochemically switchable bistable [2]rotaxane,
controls the rotation of a fluorescent molecular rotor, namely, an
8-phenyl-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The electrochemical
switching of the bistable [2]rotaxane induces changes in the ground-state
coconformation and in the corresponding excited-state properties of
the BODIPY rotor. In the starting redox state, when no external potential
is applied, the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) ring component encircles the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit
on the dumbbell component, leaving the BODIPY rotor unhindered and
exhibiting low fluorescence. Upon oxidation of the TTF unit to a TTF2+ dication, the CBPQT4+ ring is forced toward the
molecular rotor, leading to an increased energy barrier for the excited
state to rotate the rotor into the state with a high nonradiative
rate constant, resulting in an overall 3.4-fold fluorescence enhancement.
On the other hand, when the solvent polarity is high enough to stabilize
the excited charge-transfer state between the BODIPY rotor and the
CBPQT4+ ring, movement of the ring toward the BODIPY rotor
produces an unexpectedly strong fluorescence signal decrease as the
result of photoinduced electron transfer from the BODIPY rotor to
the CBPQT4+ ring. The nanoconfinement effect introduced
by mechanical bonding can effectively lead to modulation of the physicochemical
properties as observed in this bistable [2]rotaxane. On account of
the straightforward synthetic strategy and the facile modulation of
switchable electrochromic behavior, our approach could pave the way
for the development of new stimuli-responsive materials based on mechanically
interlocked molecules for future electro-optical applications, such
as sensors, molecular memories, and molecular logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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22
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Cai K, Shi Y, Zhuang GW, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Shen D, Chen H, Jiao Y, Wu H, Cheng C, Stoddart JF. Molecular-Pump-Enabled Synthesis of a Daisy Chain Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10308-10313. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Guo-Wei Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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23
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Kennedy ADW, Sandler I, Andréasson J, Ho J, Beves JE. Visible‐Light Photoswitching by Azobenzazoles. Chemistry 2020; 26:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isolde Sandler
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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24
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Kumpulainen T, Panman MR, Bakker BH, Hilbers M, Woutersen S, Brouwer AM. Accelerating the Shuttling in Hydrogen-Bonded Rotaxanes: Active Role of the Axle and the End Station. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19118-19129. [PMID: 31697078 PMCID: PMC6923795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The relation between the chemical structure and the mechanical
behavior of molecular machines is of paramount importance for a rational
design of superior nanomachines. Here, we report on a mechanistic
study of a nanometer scale translational movement in two bistable
rotaxanes. Both rotaxanes consist of a tetra-amide macrocycle interlocked
onto a polyether axle. The macrocycle can shuttle between an initial
succinamide station and a 3,6-dihydroxy- or 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide end stations. Translocation of the macrocycle
is controlled by a hydrogen-bonding equilibrium between the stations.
The equilibrium can be perturbed photochemically by either intermolecular
proton or electron transfer depending on the system. To the best of
our knowledge, utilization of proton transfer from a conventional
photoacid for the operation of a molecular machine is demonstrated
for the first time. The shuttling dynamics are monitored by means
of UV–vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopies. The polyether
axle accelerates the shuttling by ∼70% compared to a structurally
similar rotaxane with an all-alkane thread of the same length. The
acceleration is attributed to a decrease in activation energy due
to an early transition state where the macrocycle partially hydrogen
bonds to the ether group of the axle. The dihydroxyrotaxane exhibits
the fastest shuttling speed over a nanometer distance (τshuttling ≈ 30 ns) reported to date. The shuttling in
this case is proposed to take place via a so-called harpooning mechanism
where the transition state involves a folded conformation due to the
hydrogen-bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the end
station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R Panman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bert H Bakker
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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25
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Qiu Y, Zhang L, Pezzato C, Feng Y, Li W, Nguyen MT, Cheng C, Shen D, Guo QH, Shi Y, Cai K, Alsubaie FM, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. A Molecular Dual Pump. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17472-17476. [PMID: 31622089 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular machines (AMMs) built from mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) can use energy ratchets to control the unidirectional motion of their component parts. These energy ratchets are operated by the alteration of kinetic barriers and thermodynamic wells, which are, in turn, determined by the switching on and off of noncovalent interactions. Previously, we have developed artificial molecular pumps (AMPs) capable of pumping rings consecutively onto a collecting chain as part of a molecular dumbbell, leading to the formation of rotaxanes. Here, we report a molecular dual pump (MDP) consisting of two individual AMPs linked in a head-to-tail fashion, wherein a single ring is pumped, in a linear manner, on and off a dumbbell involving a [2]rotaxane intermediate by exploiting the redox properties of the two pumps. This MDP, defined by the finely tuned noncovalent interactions and fueled by either chemicals or electricity, utilizes an energy ratchet mechanism to capture a ring and subsequently release it back into solution. The unidirectional motion and the resulting controlled capture and release of the ring were followed by 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy and supported by control experiments. This molecular dual pump may be considered to be a forerunner of AMMs that are capable of pumping rings across a membrane in a way similar to how bacteriorhodopsin transports protons from one side of a membrane to the other under the influence of light. Such extensive multicomponent AMMs can lead potentially to molecular transporting platforms with positional and directional control of cargo uptake and release when, and only when, instructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Weixingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Minh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Fehaid M Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems , King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 11442 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics , University of Maine , 5709 Bennet Hall , Orono , Maine 04469 , United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States.,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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26
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Safarnejad Shad M, Santhini PV, Dehaen W. 1,2,3-Triazolium macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2142-2155. [PMID: 31579083 PMCID: PMC6753851 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this short review, we describe different pathways for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazolium macrocycles and focus on their application in different areas of supramolecular chemistry. The synthesis is mostly relying on the well-known "click reaction" (CuAAC) leading to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles that then can be quaternized. Applications of triazolium macrocycles thus prepared include receptors for molecular recognition of anionic species, pH sensors, mechanically interlocked molecules, molecular machines, and molecular reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Safarnejad Shad
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pulikkal Veettil Santhini
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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28
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Baggi G, Casimiro L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A, Loeb SJ. Threading-gated photochromism in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5104-5113. [PMID: 31183062 PMCID: PMC6524668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid, Y-shaped imidazole compounds containing the bis(thienyl)ethene moiety were designed and synthesized. The 4,5-bis(benzothienyl)-2-phenylimidazolium cations were then used as axles for [2]pseudorotaxane formation with 24-membered crown ether wheels. It was demonstrated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies that this host-guest interaction results in significant changes in the photochromic properties of the imidazolium axles. This is a rare example of gated photochromism, which exploits the recognition event of an interpenetrated molecular system to tune the photochromic properties in one of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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29
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Zhou HY, Han Y, Shi Q, Chen CF. Directional Transportation of a Helic[6]arene along a Nonsymmetric Molecular Axle. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5872-5876. [PMID: 30900452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Shi Q, Chen CF. Step-by-step reaction-powered mechanical motion triggered by a chemical fuel pulse. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2529-2533. [PMID: 30881683 PMCID: PMC6385870 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural molecular machines perform important tasks in organisms under a reasonable energy supply strategy: a series of step-by-step biochemical reactions after the intake of a fuel such as glucose. As analogues of biomolecular machines, most artificial molecular machines and shuttles are still powered by two opposite stimuli, such as acid and base or oxidation and reduction. This inconvenient stimulus method for artificial molecular machines and shuttles creates great obstacles for realizing more functions of artificial molecular machines and shuttles owing to low energy utilization efficiency and troublesome operation. In this work, we report a new step-by-step reaction system combining two known reactions: (1) the formation of [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene from the reaction of iodosylbenzene and trifluoroacetic acid; and (2) the catalytic oxidation of alcohols by [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene in the presence of TEMPO. Owing to the acid absorption features of the first reaction and the acid releasing characteristics of the second reaction, the new step-by-step reaction obtains a pH oscillation feature. Taking advantage of the pH oscillation feature, the new reaction cycle triggered by iodosylbenzene was coupled with an acid-base switchable helicarene-based molecular shuttle. Benefitting from the reaction rate difference of the two known reactions (the reaction rate of the first reaction is faster than that of the second reaction), the movement of the helicarene on the axle could be controlled automatically by the reaction system through adding iodosylbenzene to a solution of alcohol, TEMPO and protonated rotaxane, and the manual addition of another opposite stimulus could be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science , CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science , CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function , Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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31
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Morales F, Marley GR, Lopez-Lopez A, Martinez-Costa JC, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Thermally and Photochemically Induced Dethreading of Fumaramide-Based Kinetically Stable Pseudo[2]rotaxanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Fatima Morales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Grace R. Marley
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Adrian Lopez-Lopez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Costa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
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32
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Groppi J, Baroncini M, Venturi M, Silvi S, Credi A. Design of photo-activated molecular machines: highlights from the past ten years. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12595-12602. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to generate ingenious (supra)molecular structures in which light can trigger controlled and directed movements of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
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33
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Baroncini M, Canton M, Casimiro L, Corra S, Groppi J, La Rosa M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactive Molecular-Based Devices, Machines and Materials: Recent Advances. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:4589-4603. [PMID: 31007574 PMCID: PMC6472663 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and supramolecular-based systems and materials that can perform predetermined functions in response to light stimulation have been extensively studied in the past three decades. Their investigation continues to be a highly stimulating topic of chemical research, not only because of the inherent scientific value related to a bottom-up approach to functional nanostructures, but also for the prospective applications in diverse fields of technology and medicine. Light is an important tool in this context, as it can be conveniently used both for supplying energy to the system and for probing its states and transformations. In this microreview we recall some basic aspects of light-induced processes in (supra)molecular assemblies, and discuss their exploitation to implement novel functionalities with nanostructured devices, machines and materials. To this aim we illustrate a few examples from our own recent work, which are meant to illustrate the trends of current research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
| | - Martina Canton
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Corra
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
| | - Jessica Groppi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la FotoreattivitàConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCLAN‐Center for Light Activated NanostructuresVia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro‐alimentariUniversità di BolognaViale Fanin 5040127BolognaItaly
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34
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35
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Dorel R, Miró C, Wei Y, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Cation-Modulated Rotary Speed in a Light-Driven Crown Ether Functionalized Molecular Motor. Org Lett 2018; 20:3715-3718. [PMID: 29878791 PMCID: PMC6038094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
design and synthesis of an overcrowded-alkene based molecular
motor featuring a crown ether integrated in its stator structure has
been accomplished. The photostationary state ratios and rotational
speed of this motor can be modulated by cation coordination to the
crown ether moiety, which can be reversed upon the addition of a competing
chelating agent, thus achieving a dynamic control over the rotational
behavior of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Carla Miró
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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36
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Abstract
Despite having significant applications in building nanomachines, molecular rotors with the rotational speed modulations to multiple stages in a wide range of frequency have not yet been well established. Here, we report the discovery of a stimuli-responsive molecular rotor, the rotational speed of which in the slow-to-fast range could be modulated to at least four stages triggered by acid/base and metal cations. The rotor itself rotates rapidly at ambient or elevated temperature but displays a restricted rotation after deprotonation due to the produced intramolecular electrostatic repulsion. Subsequent addition of Li+ or Na+ cations introduces an electrostatic bridge to stabilize the transition state of the deprotonated rotor, thus giving a cation-radius-dependent acceleration of the rotation to render the rotor running at a mid-speed. All the stimuli are highly reversible. Our studies provide a conceptual approach for constructing multistage rotational-speed-changing molecular rotors, and further, the practical nanomachines. Molecular rotors with rotational speed modulation have not yet been well established. Here, the authors report a pH and metal cation triggered molecular rotor, which allows for a four stage speed modulation in the slow-to-fast frequency range.
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37
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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38
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Pezzato C, Cheng C, Stoddart JF, Astumian RD. Mastering the non-equilibrium assembly and operation of molecular machines. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5491-5507. [PMID: 28338143 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mechanically interlocked compounds, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, the molecules are held together by mechanical rather than chemical bonds. These compounds can be engineered to have several well-defined mechanical states by incorporating recognition sites between the different components. The rates of the transitions between the recognition sites can be controlled by introducing steric "speed bumps" or electrostatically switchable gates. A mechanism for the absorption of energy can also be included by adding photoactive, catalytically active, or redox-active recognition sites, or even charges and dipoles. At equilibrium, these Mechanically Interlocked Molecules (MIMs) undergo thermally activated transitions continuously between their different mechanical states where every transition is as likely as its microscopic reverse. External energy, for example, light, external modulation of the chemical and/or physical environment or catalysis of an exergonic reaction, drives the system away from equilibrium. The absorption of energy from these processes can be used to favour some, and suppress other, transitions so that completion of a mechanical cycle in a direction in which work is done on the environment - the requisite of a molecular machine - is more likely than completion in a direction in which work is absorbed from the environment. In this Tutorial Review, we discuss the different design principles by which molecular machines can be engineered to use different sources of energy to carry out self-organization and the performance of work in their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pezzato
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
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39
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Zubillaga A, Ferreira P, Parola AJ, Gago S, Basílio N. pH-Gated photoresponsive shuttling in a water-soluble pseudorotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2743-2746. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phototriggered ring shuttling in a water-soluble fluorescent pseudorotaxane can be enabled and disabled at different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zubillaga
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - P. Ferreira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - A. J. Parola
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - S. Gago
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - N. Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
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40
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Pastor A, Bautista D, Berna J. Light-driven exchange between extended and contracted lasso-like isomers of a bistable [1]rotaxane. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6980-6987. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02234h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A photoactive hydrogen-bonded lasso having an amide-based [1]rotaxane structure has been constructed from acyclic precursors through a self-templating approach. The stability, structural integrity and switching are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | | | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
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41
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Shi Q, Meng Z, Xiang JF, Chen CF. Efficient control of movement in non-photoresponsive molecular machines by a photo-induced proton-transfer strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3536-3539. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first successful application of a PIPT strategy executed by the photoacid 1-MEH in controlling the switch of MIM systems has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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42
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Casimiro L, Groppi J, Baroncini M, La Rosa M, Credi A, Silvi S. Photochemical investigation of cyanoazobenzene derivatives as components of artificial supramolecular pumps. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:734-740. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The threading kinetics of a self-assembled molecular pump is increased upon functionalization of the azobenzene moiety with a cyano group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Marcello La Rosa
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
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43
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Shi Q, Han Y, Chen CF. Complexation Between (O-Methyl) 6 -2,6-Helic[6]arene and Tertiary Ammonium Salts: Acid/Base- or Chloride-Ion-Responsive Host-Guest Systems and Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2576-2582. [PMID: 28703463 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complexation between (O-methyl)6 -2,6-helic[6]arene and a series of tertiary ammonium salts was described. It was found that the macrocycle could form stable complexes with the tested aromatic and aliphatic tertiary ammonium salts, which were evidenced by 1 H NMR spectra, ESI mass spectra, and DFT calculations. In particular, the binding and release process of the guests in the complexes could be efficiently controlled by acid/base or chloride ions, which represents the first acid/base- and chloride-ion-responsive host-guest systems based on macrocyclic arenes and protonated tertiary ammonium salts. Moreover, the first 2,6-helic[6]arene-based [2]rotaxane was also synthesized from the condensation between the host-guest complex and isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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44
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Kimura M, Mizuno T, Ueda M, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Four-State Molecular Shuttling of [2]Rotaxanes in Response to Acid/Base and Alkali-Metal Cation Stimuli. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1381-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Takuma Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
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45
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Yang LP, Jia F, Cui JS, Lu SB, Jiang W. Light-Controlled Switching of a Non-photoresponsive Molecular Shuttle. Org Lett 2017; 19:2945-2948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Pan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Shun Cui
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Song-Bo Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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46
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Gao C, Luan ZL, Zhang Q, Yang S, Rao SJ, Qu DH, Tian H. Triggering a [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttle by a Photochemical Bond-Cleavage Strategy. Org Lett 2017; 19:1618-1621. [PMID: 28304173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The successful triggering of ring-shuttling motion between two stations in a [2]rotaxane is demonstrated by employing a photochemical bond-cleavage strategy. A photolabile bulk barrier is covalently introduced into two identical stations of the thread to prevent dynamic shuttling of the macrocycle, resulting in a "gated" state. Irradiation of UV light (λ = 365 nm) results in the complete removal of the bulk barrier and the balanced shuttling motion of the macrocycle, indicating an "open" state of the rotaxane. In addition, the process from the "open" rotaxane to the "gated" rotaxane was executed by a chemical-rebonding method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhou-Lin Luan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Si-Jia Rao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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47
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Kassem S, van Leeuwen T, Lubbe AS, Wilson MR, Feringa BL, Leigh DA. Artificial molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2592-2621. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors take inspiration from motor proteins, nature's solution for achieving directional molecular level motion. An overview is given of the principal designs of artificial molecular motors and their modes of operation. We identify some key challenges remaining in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kassem
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S. Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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48
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Liu P, Chen Q, Ma J. Design of [2]rotaxane through image threshold segmentation of electrostatic potential image. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2228-41. [PMID: 27439676 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrostatic potential (ESP)-based image segmentation method has been used to estimate the ability of proton donation and acceptance involved in ring-rod recognition. The relative binding strength of [2]rotaxane has also been further estimated from the difference of the characteristic image-segmentation derived ESP between proton donor and proton acceptor. The size and electrostatic compatibility criteria are introduced to guide the design of interlocked [2]rotaxane. A library of 75 thermodynamically stable [2]rotaxane candidates has been generated, including 16 experimentally known systems. The theoretical results for 16 experimentally known [2]rotaxanes are in good agreement with both the experimental association constants and density functional theory-calculated binding energies. Our ESP-based image segmentation model is also applicable to the tristable [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle as well as [1]rotaxane with self-inclusion function, indicating this simple method is generic in the field of constructing other supramolecular architectures formed with donor/acceptor molecular recognition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333403, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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49
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Schwarz FB, Heinrich T, Kaufmann JO, Lippitz A, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Unger WES, Schalley CA. Photocontrolled On-Surface Pseudorotaxane Formation with Well-Ordered Macrocycle Multilayers. Chemistry 2016; 22:14383-9. [PMID: 27539781 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced pseudorotaxane formation between a photoresponsive axle and a tetralactam macrocycle was investigated in solution and on glass surfaces with immobilized multilayers of macrocycles. In the course of this reaction, a novel photoswitchable binding station with azobenzene as the photoswitchable unit and diketopiperazine as the binding station was synthesized and studied by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Glass surfaces have been functionalized with pyridine-terminated SAMs and subsequently with multilayers of macrocycles through layer-by-layer self assembly. A preferred orientation of the macrocycles could be confirmed by NEXAFS spectroscopy. The photocontrolled deposition of the axle into the surface-bound macrocycle-multilayers was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy and led to an increase of the molecular order, as indicated by more substantial linear dichroism effects in angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinrich
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Ole Kaufmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lippitz
- BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box. 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box. 35, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Wolfgang E S Unger
- BAM-Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Meng Z, Xiang JF, Chen CF. Directional Molecular Transportation Based on a Catalytic Stopper-Leaving Rotaxane System. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5652-8. [PMID: 27078221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ratchet mechanism has proved to be a key principle in designing molecular motors and machines that exploit random thermal fluctuations for directional motion with energy input. To integrate ratchet mechanism into artificial systems, precise molecular design is a prerequisite to control the pathway of relative motion between their subcomponents, which is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a straightforward method to control the transportation barrier of a macrocycle by selectively detaching one of the two stoppers using a novel DBU-catalyzed stopper-leaving reaction in a rotaxane system. The macrocycle was first allowed to thread onto a semidumbbell axle from the open end and subsequently thermodynamically captured into a nonsymmetrical rotaxane. Then, it was driven energetically uphill until it reached a kinetically trapped state by destroying its interaction with ammonium site, and was finally quantitatively released from the other end when the corresponding stopper barrier was removed. Although the directional transportation at the present system was achieved by discrete chemical reactions for the sake of higher transportation efficiency, it represents a new molecular transportation model by the strategy of using stopper-leavable rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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