1
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Jafari VF, Mossayebi Z, Allison-Logan S, Shabani S, Qiao GG. The Power of Automation in Polymer Chemistry: Precision Synthesis of Multiblock Copolymers with Block Sequence Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301767. [PMID: 37401148 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Machines can revolutionize the field of chemistry and material science, driving the development of new chemistries, increasing productivity, and facilitating reaction scale up. The incorporation of automated systems in the field of polymer chemistry has however proven challenging owing to the demanding reaction conditions, rendering the automation setup complex and costly. There is an imminent need for an automation platform which uses fast and simple polymerization protocols, while providing a high level of control on the structure of macromolecules via precision synthesis. This work combines an oxygen tolerant, room temperature polymerization method with a simple liquid handling robot to automatically prepare precise and high order multiblock copolymers with unprecedented livingness even after many chain extensions. The highest number of blocks synthesized in such a system is reported, demonstrating the capabilities of this automated platform for the rapid synthesis and complex polymer structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianna F Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zahra Mossayebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sadegh Shabani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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2
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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3
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Valle M, Ximenis M, Lopez de Pariza X, Chan JMW, Sardon H. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203043. [PMID: 35700152 PMCID: PMC9545893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis has evolved into an effective complement to metal- or enzyme-based catalysis in polymerization, polymer functionalization, and depolymerization. The ease of removal and greater sustainability of organocatalysts relative to transition-metal-based ones has spurred development in specialty applications, e.g., medical devices, drug delivery, optoelectronics. Despite this, the use of organocatalysis and other organomediated reactions in polymer chemistry is still rapidly developing, and we envisage their rapidly growing application in nascent areas such as controlled radical polymerization, additive manufacturing, and chemical recycling in the coming years. In this Review, we describe ten trending areas where we anticipate paradigm shifts resulting from novel organocatalysts and other transition-metal-free conditions. We highlight opportunities and challenges and detail how new discoveries could lead to previously inaccessible functional materials and a potentially circular plastics economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Marta Ximenis
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
- University of the Balearic Islands UIBDepartment of ChemistryCra. Valldemossa, Km 7.507122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment (ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)1 Pesek Road, Jurong IslandSingapore627833Singapore
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta CenterAvda Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
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4
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Sardon H, Valle M, Lopez de Pariza X, Ximenis M, Chan JM. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Sardon
- University of Basque Country POLYMAT Paseo Manuel Lardizabal n 3 20018 San Sebastian SPAIN
| | - María Valle
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | | | - Marta Ximenis
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | - Julian M.W. Chan
- Agency for Science Technology and Research Institue of Chemical and Engineering Science SINGAPORE
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5
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Nguyen D, Tao L, Li Y. Integration of Machine Learning and Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations for Polymer Materials: Physical Understandings and Molecular Design. Front Chem 2022; 9:820417. [PMID: 35141207 PMCID: PMC8819075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.820417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the synthesis of monomer sequence-defined polymers has expanded into broad-spectrum applications in biomedical, chemical, and materials science fields. Pursuing the characterization and inverse design of these polymer systems requires our fundamental understanding not only at the individual monomer level, but also considering the chain scales, such as polymer configuration, self-assembly, and phase separation. However, our accessibility to this field is still rudimentary due to the limitations of traditional design approaches, the complexity of chemical space along with the burdened cost and time issues that prevent us from unveiling the underlying monomer sequence-structure-property relationships. Fortunately, thanks to the recent advancements in molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning (ML) algorithms, the bottlenecks in the tasks of establishing the structure-function correlation of the polymer chains can be overcome. In this review, we will discuss the applications of the integration between ML techniques and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations to solve the current issues in polymer science at the chain level. In particular, we focus on the case studies in three important topics-polymeric configuration characterization, feed-forward property prediction, and inverse design-in which CGMD simulations are leveraged to generate training datasets to develop ML-based surrogate models for specific polymer systems and designs. By doing so, this computational hybridization allows us to well establish the monomer sequence-functional behavior relationship of the polymers as well as guide us toward the best polymer chain candidates for the inverse design in undiscovered chemical space with reasonable computational cost and time. Even though there are still limitations and challenges ahead in this field, we finally conclude that this CGMD/ML integration is very promising, not only in the attempt of bridging the monomeric and macroscopic characterizations of polymer materials, but also enabling further tailored designs for sequence-specific polymers with superior properties in many practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
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6
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Catania R, Foralosso R, Spanos L, Russo E, Mastrotto F, Gurnani P, Butler K, Williams H, Stolnik S, Mantovani G. Direct routes to functional RAFT agents from substituted N-alkyl maleimides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Three different routes are presented for the synthesis of functional RAFT agents from N-substituted maleimides, which are then used to synthesise α,β,ω-functional RAFT polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catania
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ruggero Foralosso
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lampros Spanos
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emanuele Russo
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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7
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Soheilmoghaddam F, Rumble M, Cooper-White J. High-Throughput Routes to Biomaterials Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10792-10864. [PMID: 34213880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many existing clinical treatments are limited in their ability to completely restore decreased or lost tissue and organ function, an unenviable situation only further exacerbated by a globally aging population. As a result, the demand for new medical interventions has increased substantially over the past 20 years, with the burgeoning fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine showing promise to offer solutions for full repair or replacement of damaged or aging tissues. Success in these fields, however, inherently relies on biomaterials that are engendered with the ability to provide the necessary biological cues mimicking native extracellular matrixes that support cell fate. Accelerating the development of such "directive" biomaterials requires a shift in current design practices toward those that enable rapid synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials and the coupling of these processes with techniques that enable similarly rapid quantification and optimization of the interactions between these new material systems and target cells and tissues. This manuscript reviews recent advances in combinatorial and high-throughput (HT) technologies applied to polymeric biomaterial synthesis, fabrication, and chemical, physical, and biological screening with targeted end-point applications in the fields of gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Limitations of, and future opportunities for, the further application of these research tools and methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Madeleine Rumble
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Justin Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TEaM), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072.,School of Chemical Engineering, University Of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072
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8
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Upadhya R, Kosuri S, Tamasi M, Meyer TA, Atta S, Webb MA, Gormley AJ. Automation and data-driven design of polymer therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:1-28. [PMID: 33242537 PMCID: PMC8127395 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are uniquely suited for drug delivery and biomaterial applications due to tunable structural parameters such as length, composition, architecture, and valency. To facilitate designs, researchers may explore combinatorial libraries in a high throughput fashion to correlate structure to function. However, traditional polymerization reactions including controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) require inert reaction conditions and extensive expertise to implement. With the advent of air-tolerance and automation, several polymerization techniques are now compatible with well plates and can be carried out at the benchtop, making high throughput synthesis and high throughput screening (HTS) possible. To avoid HTS pitfalls often described as "fishing expeditions," it is crucial to employ intelligent and big data approaches to maximize experimental efficiency. This is where the disruptive technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) will likely play a role. In fact, ML and AI are already impacting small molecule drug discovery and showing signs of emerging in drug delivery. In this review, we present state-of-the-art research in drug delivery, gene delivery, antimicrobial polymers, and bioactive polymers alongside data-driven developments in drug design and organic synthesis. From this insight, important lessons are revealed for the polymer therapeutics community including the value of a closed loop design-build-test-learn workflow. This is an exciting time as researchers will gain the ability to fully explore the polymer structural landscape and establish quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) with biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Atta
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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9
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Tamasi M, Kosuri S, DiStefano J, Chapman R, Gormley AJ. Automation of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 2:1900126. [PMID: 35586369 PMCID: PMC9113399 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) techniques are widely utilized to synthesize advanced and controlled synthetic polymers for chemical and biological applications. While automation has long stood as a high-throughput (HTP) research tool to increase productivity as well as synthetic/analytical reliability and precision, oxygen intolerance of CLRP has limited the widespread adoption of these systems. Recently, however, oxygen-tolerant CLRP techniques, such as oxygen-tolerant photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT), enzyme degassing of RAFT (Enz-RAFT), and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), have emerged. Herein, the use of a Hamilton MLSTARlet liquid handling robot for automating CLRP reactions is demonstrated. Synthesis processes are developed using Python and used to automate reagent handling, dispensing sequences, and synthesis steps required to create homopolymers, random heteropolymers, and block copolymers in 96-well plates, as well as postpolymerization modifications. Using this approach, the synergy between highly customizable liquid handling robotics and oxygen-tolerant CLRP to automate advanced polymer synthesis for HTP and combinatorial polymer research is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tamasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jason DiStefano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Robert Chapman
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN) and the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam J Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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10
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Shen H, Leng X, Han L, Liu P, Li C, Zhang S, Lei L, Ma H, Li Y. Investigating the effect of grafting density on the surface properties for sequence-determined fluoropolymer films. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six sequence-determined fluoropolymers were synthesized and their surface properties were affected by their grafting densities. The reason can be attributed to the assembled structure of the perfluoroalkyl chains at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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11
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Zhang L, Ji Y, Gu X, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers with pendent “clickable” or hydrophilic groups via latent monomer strategy. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Oliver S, Zhao L, Gormley AJ, Chapman R, Boyer C. Living in the Fast Lane—High Throughput Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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14
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Abiotic Sequence‐Coded Oligomers as Efficient In Vivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Karamessini D, Simon‐Yarza T, Poyer S, Konishcheva E, Charles L, Letourneur D, Lutz J. Abiotic Sequence‐Coded Oligomers as Efficient In Vivo Taggants for the Identification of Implanted Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10574-10578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Karamessini
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Teresa Simon‐Yarza
- Université Paris DiderotUniversité Paris 13CHU Bichat, INSERM U1148 46 rue H. Huchard 75018 Paris France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- AixMarseille Univ.CNRSICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Evgeniia Konishcheva
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris DiderotUniversité Paris 13CHU Bichat, INSERM U1148 46 rue H. Huchard 75018 Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Lutz
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSInstitut Charles Sadron UPR22 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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16
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Zhao Z, Shen H, Sui K, Wang G. Preparation of periodic copolymers by living anionic polymerization mechanism assisted with a versatile programmed monomer addition mode. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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De Neve J, Haven JJ, Maes L, Junkers T. Sequence-definition from controlled polymerization: the next generation of materials. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given on the state-of-the-art in synthesis of sequence-controlled and sequence-defined oligomers and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Neve
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton VIC 3800
- Australia
| | - Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton VIC 3800
- Australia
| | - Lowie Maes
- Institute for Materials Research
- Hasselt University
- 3500 Hasselt
- Belgium
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton VIC 3800
- Australia
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18
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Lutz JF. Defining the Field of Sequence-Controlled Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 29160615 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last ten years, the development of synthetic polymers containing controlled monomer sequences has become a prominent topic in fundamental and applied polymer science. This emerging area is particularly broad and combines classical polymer chemistry tools with techniques imported from other domains such as biology, biochemistry, organic synthesis, engineering, and bioanalytics. Consequently, it also generates new structures, terminologies, and applications that are not within the traditional scope of polymer science. The term "sequence-controlled polymers" (SCPs) was recently proposed as a generic name to describe all these recent trends. However, since the field of SCPs has been growing very rapidly in recent literature, it is urgent to accurately define its scientific frontiers. In this important context, this review is an attempt to define, rationalize, and classify the field of SCPs. In particular, all synthetic approaches that have been reported for the synthesis of SCPs are discussed and categorized. In addition, the characterization tools, properties, and potential applications of these new polymers are described herein. Overall, this review serves as a reference guide for understanding the burgeoning field of SCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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19
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Ouchi M, Sawamoto M. Sequence-controlled polymers via reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Hill MR, Guégain E, Tran J, Figg CA, Turner AC, Nicolas J, Sumerlin BS. Radical Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals and Maleimides Affords Homogeneous Incorporation of Degradable Units. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1071-1077. [PMID: 35650945 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Radical copolymerization of donor-acceptor (D-A) monomer pairs has served as a versatile platform for the development of alternating copolymers. However, due to the use of conventional radical polymerization, the resulting copolymers have generally been limited to nondegradable vinyl polymers. By combining radical D-A copolymerization with radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP), we have synthesized an alternating copolymer with a high incorporation of degradable backbone units. Copolymerization of N-ethyl maleimide (NEtMI) with the cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) was demonstrated to proceed in an alternating fashion, and controlled polymerization was achieved using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Spontaneous copolymerization, in the absence of an exogenous initiating source, occurred when the mixture of monomers was heated, presumably due to the large electron disparity between the comonomers. Chain-extension with styrene afforded well-defined P(MPDL-alt-NEtMI)-b-polystyrene copolymers, and degradation of the homopolymers and block copolymers showed complete breakdown of the alternating copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Hill
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Institut
Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Elise Guégain
- Institut
Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Johanna Tran
- Institut
Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Andrew C. Turner
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Institut
Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George
and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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21
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Grubbs RB, Grubbs RH. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Living Polymerization—Emphasizing the Molecule in Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Grubbs
- Chemistry
Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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22
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Huang J, Turner SR. Recent advances in alternating copolymers: The synthesis, modification, and applications of precision polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Fu C, Huang Z, Hawker CJ, Moad G, Xu J, Boyer C. RAFT-mediated, visible light-initiated single unit monomer insertion and its application in the synthesis of sequence-defined polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report a catalyst-free methodology for single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) into reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents initiated by low intensity visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkui Fu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory and Departments of Materials
- Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | | | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
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24
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Fierens SK, Telitel S, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, Marin GB, Lutz JF, D’hooge DR. Model-Based Design To Push the Boundaries of Sequence Control. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn K. Fierens
- Laboratory
for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Precision
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Sofia Telitel
- Precision
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | | | | | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory
for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory
for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department
of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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25
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Ma H, Han L, Li Y. Sequence Determination and Regulation in the Living Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene and 1,1-Diphenylethylene (DPE) Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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26
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Kanasty RL, Vegas AJ, Ceo LM, Maier M, Charisse K, Nair JK, Langer R, Anderson DG. Sequence-Defined Oligomers from Hydroxyproline Building Blocks for Parallel Synthesis Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9529-33. [PMID: 27365192 PMCID: PMC5245870 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of natural biopolymers has inspired significant effort to develop sequence-defined synthetic polymers for applications including molecular recognition, self-assembly, and catalysis. Conjugation of synthetic materials to biomacromolecules has played an increasingly important role in drug delivery and biomaterials. We developed a controlled synthesis of novel oligomers from hydroxyproline-based building blocks and conjugated these materials to siRNA. Hydroxyproline-based monomers enable the incorporation of broad structural diversity into defined polymer chains. Using a perfluorocarbon purification handle, we were able to purify diverse oligomers through a single solid-phase extraction method. The efficiency of synthesis was demonstrated by building 14 unique trimers and 4 hexamers from 6 diverse building blocks. We then adapted this method to the parallel synthesis of hundreds of materials in 96-well plates. This strategy provides a platform for the screening of libraries of modified biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L Kanasty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Arturo J Vegas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Luke M Ceo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin Maier
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Klaus Charisse
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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27
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Kanasty RL, Vegas AJ, Ceo LM, Maier M, Charisse K, Nair JK, Langer R, Anderson DG. Sequence-Defined Oligomers from Hydroxyproline Building Blocks for Parallel Synthesis Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L. Kanasty
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main St. Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main St. Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology; Boston Children's Hospital; 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Boston University; 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Luke M. Ceo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main St. Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology; Boston Children's Hospital; 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Boston University; 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Martin Maier
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; 300 Third Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Klaus Charisse
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; 300 Third Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | | | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main St. Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology; Boston Children's Hospital; 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
- Division of Health Science Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 500 Main St. Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology; Boston Children's Hospital; 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
- Division of Health Science Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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28
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The limits of precision monomer placement in chain growth polymerization. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10514. [PMID: 26830125 PMCID: PMC4740409 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control over the location of monomers in a polymer chain has been described as the ‘Holy Grail' of polymer synthesis. Controlled chain growth polymerization techniques have brought this goal closer, allowing the preparation of multiblock copolymers with ordered sequences of functional monomers. Such structures have promising applications ranging from medicine to materials engineering. Here we show, however, that the statistical nature of chain growth polymerization places strong limits on the control that can be obtained. We demonstrate that monomer locations are distributed according to surprisingly simple laws related to the Poisson or beta distributions. The degree of control is quantified in terms of the yield of the desired structure and the standard deviation of the appropriate distribution, allowing comparison between different synthetic techniques. This analysis establishes experimental requirements for the design of polymeric chains with controlled sequence of functionalities, which balance precise control of structure with simplicity of synthesis. Chemists increasingly seek to control monomer sequencing in aperiodic copolymers. Here, the authors show that the statistical nature of chain growth strongly limits the achievable control, and establish parameters for polymer design that balance precise control with simplicity of synthesis.
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29
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30
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Zhu W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhang K. Cyclic Polymer with Alternating Monomer Sequence. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1987-93. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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31
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McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Dunstan DE, Qiao GG. Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McKenzie
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dave E. Dunstan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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32
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Sequence-Defined Polymers Using Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Strategies. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Li J, He J. Synthesis of Sequence-Regulated Polymers: Alternating Polyacetylene through Regioselective Anionic Polymerization of Butadiene Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:372-376. [PMID: 35596324 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We hereby report a strategy to synthesize sequence-regulated substituted polyacetylenes using living anionic polymerization of designed monomers, that is, 2,4-disubstituted butadienes. It is found that proper substituents, such as 2-isopropyl-4-phenyl, lead to nearly 100% 1,4-addition during the polymerization, thus, giving product with high regioregularity, precise molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution. The product is convertible into sequence-regulated substituted polyacetylene by oxidative dehydrogenation using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Block copolymers containing polyacetylene segment are also prepared. Owing to the versatility of the anionic reactions, the present strategy can serve as a powerful tool of precise control on polymer chain microstructure, architecture, and functionalities in the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- The State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory
of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular
Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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34
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Al Ouahabi A, Charles L, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Non-Natural Sequence-Encoded Polymers Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5629-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institute of Radical Chemistry, UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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35
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Kawamura M, Kanazawa A, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S. Sequence-controlled degradable polymers by controlled cationic copolymerization of vinyl ethers and aldehydes: precise placement of cleavable units at predetermined positions. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-controlled degradable polymers with precisely placed breakable bonds in the main chain were synthesized by controlled alternating cationic copolymerization of vinyl ethers and aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kawamura
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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36
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On the synthesis of sequence-controlled poly(vinyl benzyl amine-co-N-substituted maleimides) copolymers. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Abstract
Current polymer terminology only describes very simple copolymer structures such as block, graft, alternating periodic, or statistical copolymers. This restricted vocabulary implies that copolymers exhibit either segregated (i.e., block and graft), regular (i.e., alternating and periodic), or uncontrolled (i.e., statistical or random) comonomer sequence distributions. This standard classification does not include many new types of sequence-controlled copolymers that have been reported in recent years. In this context, the present viewpoint describes a new category of copolymers: aperiodic copolymers. Such structures can be defined as copolymers in which monomer sequence distribution is not regular but follows the same arrangement in all chains. The term aperiodic can be used to describe encoded comonomer sequences in monodisperse sequence-defined copolymers but also the block sequence of some multiblock copolymers. These new types of copolymers open up very interesting perspectives for the design of complex materials. Some recent relevant literature on the topic is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular
Chemistry Group, Institut Charles Sadron,
UPR22-CNRS, 23 rue du
Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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38
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. Reading Polymers: Sequencing of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13010-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. “Lesen” von Polymeren: Die Sequenzierung natürlicher und synthetischer Makromoleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Amrane MI, Chouikhi D, Badi N, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polystyrene Rink Amide Soluble Supports and Their Use in Peptide Synthesis. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Imane Amrane
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; UPR22-CNRS, 23 Rue de Loess; BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
- Laboratoire de chimie organic physique et macromoléculaire; University Djillali Liabes; PB 89 Sidi Bel Abbès Algeria
| | - Dalila Chouikhi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; UPR22-CNRS, 23 Rue de Loess; BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
- Laboratoire de Catalyse et Synthèse en Chimie Organique; Université Abou Bekr Belkaid; BP 119 Pole Imama Bât., B 13000 Tlemcen Algeria
| | - Nezha Badi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; UPR22-CNRS, 23 Rue de Loess; BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; UPR22-CNRS, 23 Rue de Loess; BP 84047 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2 France
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41
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Precision PEGylated Polymers Obtained by Sequence-Controlled Copolymerization and Postpolymerization Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9231-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Srichan S, Mutlu H, Badi N, Lutz JF. Precision PEGylated Polymers Obtained by Sequence-Controlled Copolymerization and Postpolymerization Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Gody G, Maschmeyer T, Zetterlund PB, Perrier S. Pushing the Limit of the RAFT Process: Multiblock Copolymers by One-Pot Rapid Multiple Chain Extensions at Full Monomer Conversion. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402435n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gody
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Laboratory
of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- Laboratory
of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381
Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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44
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Boyer C, Zetterlund PB, Whittaker MR. Synthesis of complex macromolecules using iterative copper(0)-mediated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Nano-Bio Science & Technology, Monash University; Parkville Melbourne 3052 Australia
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45
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sequence-Controlled Semicrystalline Comb Copolymers: Influence of Primary Structure on Materials Properties. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4023179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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“Polymeromics”: Mass spectrometry based strategies in polymer science toward complete sequencing approaches: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:56-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Trinh TT, Oswald L, Chan-Seng D, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Molecularly Encoded Oligomers Using a Chemoselective “AB + CD” Iterative Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:141-145. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Tam Trinh
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Laurence Oswald
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Institut Charles Sadron; CNRS-UPR 22, 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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Abstract
Synthetic polymer materials are currently limited by their inability to store information in their chains, unlike some well-characterized biopolymers. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information, and amino acids encode the complex tridimensional structures and functions within proteins. To confer similar properties on synthetic materials, researchers must develop"writing" mechanisms, facile chemical pathways that allow control over the primary structure of synthetic polymer chains. The most obvious way to control the primary structure is to connect monomer units one-by-one in a given order using iterative chemistry. Although such synthesis strategies are commonly used to produce peptides and nucleic acids, they produce limited yields and are much slower than natural polymerization mechanisms. An alternative strategy would be to use multiblock copolymers with blocks that have specified sequences. In this case, however, the basic storage element is not a single molecular unit, but a longer block composed of several repeating units. However, the synthesis of multiblock copolymers is long and tedious. Therefore, researchers will need to develop other strategies for writing information onto polymer chains. In this Account, I describe our recent progress in the development of sequence controlled polymerization methods. Although our research focuses on different strategies, we have emphasized sequence-regulation in chain-growth polymerization processes. Chain-growth polymerizations, particularly radical polymerization, are very convenient methods for synthesizing polymers. However, in most cases, such approaches do not lead to controlled monomer sequences. During the last five years, we have shown that controlled/living chain-growth polymerization mechanisms offer interesting advantages for sequence regulation. In such mechanisms, the chains form gradually over time, and therefore the primary structure can be tuned by using time-controlled monomer additions. For example, the addition of small amounts of acceptor comonomers, such as N-substituted maleimides, during the controlled radical polymerization of a large excess of donor monomer, such as styrene, allows the writing of information onto polymer chains in a robust manner. Even with these advances, this strategy is not perfect and presents some of the drawbacks of chain-growth polymerizations, such as the formation of chain-to-chain sequence defects. On the other hand, this approach is experimentally easy, rapid, scalable, and very versatile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Abstract
Sequence-controlled polymers are macromolecules in which monomer units of different chemical nature are arranged in an ordered fashion. The most prominent examples are biological and have been studied and used primarily by molecular biologists and biochemists. However, recent progress in protein- and DNA-based nanotechnologies has shown the relevance of sequence-controlled polymers to nonbiological applications, including data storage, nanoelectronics, and catalysis. In addition, synthetic polymer chemistry has provided interesting routes for preparing nonnatural sequence-controlled polymers. Although these synthetic macromolecules do not yet compare in functional scope with their natural counterparts, they open up opportunities for controlling the structure, self-assembly, and macroscopic properties of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Boîte Postale 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - David R. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Polypeptoids by Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Substituted N-Carboxyanhydrides from Solid Supports. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:997-1001. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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