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Zhao X, Liu X, Chen D, Shi G, Li G, Tang X, Zhu X, Li M, Yao L, Wei Y, Song W, Sun Z, Fan X, Zhou Z, Qiu T, Hao Q. Plasmonic trimers designed as SERS-active chemical traps for subtyping of lung tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5855. [PMID: 38997298 PMCID: PMC11245553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic materials can generate strong electromagnetic fields to boost the Raman scattering of surrounding molecules, known as surface-enhanced Raman scattering. However, these electromagnetic fields are heterogeneous, with only molecules located at the 'hotspots', which account for ≈ 1% of the surface area, experiencing efficient enhancement. Herein, we propose patterned plasmonic trimers, consisting of a pair of plasmonic dimers at the bilateral sides and a trap particle positioned in between, to address this challenge. The trimer configuration selectively directs probe molecules to the central traps where 'hotspots' are located through chemical affinity, ensuring a precise spatial overlap between the probes and the location of maximum field enhancement. We investigate the Raman enhancement of the Au@Al2O3-Au-Au@Al2O3 trimers, achieving a detection limit of 10-14 M of 4-methylbenzenethiol, 4-mercaptopyridine, and 4-aminothiophenol. Moreover, single-molecule SERS sensitivity is demonstrated by a bi-analyte method. Benefiting from this sensitivity, our approach is employed for the early detection of lung tumors using fresh tissues. Our findings suggest that this approach is sensitive to adenocarcinoma but not to squamous carcinoma or benign cases, offering insights into the differentiation between lung tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Guodong Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Guoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Mingze Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Lei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Yunjia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Song
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Zixuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Xingce Fan
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
| | - Qi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
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2
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Nguyen T, Jeong S, Kang SK, Han SW, Nguyen TMT, Lee S, Jung YJ, Kim YH, Park S, Bak GH, Ko YC, Choi EJ, Kim HY, Oh JW. 3D Superclusters with Hybrid Bioinks for Early Detection in Breast Cancer. ACS Sens 2024; 9:699-707. [PMID: 38294962 PMCID: PMC10897927 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has garnered significant interest due to its ultrahigh sensitivity, making it suitable for addressing the growing demand for disease diagnosis. In addition to its sensitivity and uniformity, an ideal SERS platform should possess characteristics such as simplicity in manufacturing and low analyte consumption, enabling practical applications in complex diagnoses including cancer. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning algorithms with SERS can enhance the practical usability of sensing devices by effectively classifying the subtle vibrational fingerprints produced by molecules such as those found in human blood. In this study, we demonstrate an approach for early detection of breast cancer using a bottom-up strategy to construct a flexible and simple three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic cluster SERS platform integrated with a deep learning algorithm. With these advantages of the 3D plasmonic cluster, we demonstrate that the 3D plasmonic cluster (3D-PC) exhibits a significantly enhanced Raman intensity through detection limit down to 10-6 M (femtomole-(10-17 mol)) for p-nitrophenol (PNP) molecules. Afterward, the plasma of cancer subjects and healthy subjects was used to fabricate the bioink to build 3D-PC structures. The collected SERS successfully classified into two clusters of cancer subjects and healthy subjects with high accuracy of up to 93%. These results highlight the potential of the 3D plasmonic cluster SERS platform for early breast cancer detection and open promising avenues for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh
Mien Nguyen
- Bio-IT
Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - SinSung Jeong
- Telecommunication
System Technology, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seok Kyung Kang
- Department
of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan
Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Han
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Thu M. T. Nguyen
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Lee
- Department
of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan
Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Joo Jung
- Department
of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan
Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - You Hwan Kim
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Ha Bak
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chai Ko
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Bio-IT
Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Yul Kim
- Department
of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan
Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Oh
- Bio-IT
Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National
University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Nanoenergy Engineering and Research Center for Energy Convergence
Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
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3
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Evtushenko EG, Gavrilina ES, Vasilyeva AD, Yurina LV, Kurochkin IN. Highly Sensitive Measurement of Horseradish Peroxidase Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of 2,3-Diaminophenazine. Molecules 2024; 29:793. [PMID: 38398545 PMCID: PMC10891785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) coupled with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection is a growing area in analytical chemistry due to their potentially high sensitivity. A SERS-based ELISA with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzymatic label, an o-phenylenediamine (oPD) substrate, and a 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) enzymatic product was one of the first examples of such a system. However, the full capabilities of this long-known approach have yet to be revealed. The current study addresses a previously unrecognized problem of SERS detection stage performance. Using silver nanoparticles and model mixtures of oPD and DAP, the effects of the pH, the concentration of the aggregating agent, and the particle surface chloride stabilizer were extensively evaluated. At the optimal mildly acidic pH of 3, a 0.93 to 1 M citrate buffer, and AgNPs stabilized with 20 mM chloride, a two orders of magnitude advantage in the limits of detection (LODs) for SERS compared to colorimetry was demonstrated for both DAP and HRP. The resulting LOD for HRP of 0.067 pmol/L (1.3 amol per assay) underscores that the developed approach is a highly sensitive technique. We suppose that this improved detection system could become a useful tool for the development of SERS-based ELISA protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy G. Evtushenko
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S. Gavrilina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Alexandra D. Vasilyeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Lyubov V. Yurina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
| | - Ilya N. Kurochkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygina Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia (A.D.V.); (I.N.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Lafitte M, Dwivedi R, Elancheliyan R, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Buisson L, Ly I, Barois P, Baron A, Mondain-Monval O, Ponsinet V. Colloidal Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticle Clusters for Optical Metasurfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2601-2615. [PMID: 38279929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional assemblies of nanoscale optical resonators and could constitute the next generation of ultrathin optical components. The development of methods to manufacture these nanostructures on a large scale is still a challenge, while most performance demonstrations were obtained with lithographically fabricated metasurfaces that are restricted to small scales. Self-assembly fabrication routes are promising alternatives and have been used to produce original nanoresonators. Reports of self-assembled metasurface fabrication, however, are still scarce. Here, we show that an emulsion-based formulation approach can be used both for the fabrication of complex colloidal resonators, presenting a strong interaction with light, in particular due to simultaneous magnetic and electric modes of resonance, and for their deposition in homogeneous films. This fabrication technique involves emulsification of an aqueous suspension of silver nanoparticles in an oil phase, followed by controlled drying of the emulsion, and produces silver colloidal clusters. We show that the drying process can be controlled in a liquid emulsion, producing a metafluid, as well as in a sedimented emulsion, producing a metasurface. The structural control of the synthesized colloidal clusters is demonstrated with electron microscopy and X-ray scattering techniques. Using a polarization-resolved multiangle light scattering setup in the visible wavelength range, we conduct a comprehensive angular and spectroscopic study of the optical resonant scattering of the nanoresonators in a metafluid and show that they present strong optical magnetic resonances and directional forward-scattering patterns, with scattering efficiencies of up to 4. The metasurfaces consist of homogeneous films, of variable surface density, of colloidal clusters that have the same extinction properties on the surface and in the fluid. This experimental approach allows for large-scale production of metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Lafitte
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Ranjeet Dwivedi
- ENSEMBLE3 Centre of Excellence, Wolczynska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Rajam Elancheliyan
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR 5221, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario (Western University), London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Lionel Buisson
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Isabelle Ly
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Philippe Barois
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Alexandre Baron
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Olivier Mondain-Monval
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Virginie Ponsinet
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Univ. Bordeaux and CNRS, Pessac F-33600, France
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5
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Cheng R, Jia D, Du Z, Cheng JX, Yang C. Gap-enhanced gold nanodumbbells with single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27321-27332. [PMID: 37711380 PMCID: PMC10498718 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs) have been widely used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging due to their excellent SERS performances. Here, we reported a synthetic strategy for novel gap-enhanced dumbbell-like nanoparticles with anisotropic shell coatings. Controlled shell growth at the tips of gold nanorods was achieved by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a capping agent. A mechanism related to the shape-directing effects of CTAB was proposed to explain the findings. Optimized gap-enhanced gold dumbbells exhibited highly enhanced SERS responses compared to rod cores, with an enhancement ratio of 101.5. We further demonstrated that gap-enhanced AuNDs exhibited single-particle SERS sensitivity with an acquisition time as fast as 0.1 s per spectrum, showing great potential for high-speed SERS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Danchen Jia
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA
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6
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Cai YY, Choi YC, Kagan CR. Chemical and Physical Properties of Photonic Noble-Metal Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2108104. [PMID: 34897837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are composed of metal cores and organic or inorganic ligand shells. These NPs support size- and shape-dependent plasmonic resonances. They can be assembled from dispersions into artificial metamolecules which have collective plasmonic resonances originating from coupled bright and dark optical electric and magnetic modes that form depending on the size and shape of the constituent NPs and their number, arrangement, and interparticle distance. NPs can also be assembled into extended 2D and 3D metamaterials that are glassy thin films or ordered thin films or crystals, also known as superlattices and supercrystals. The metamaterials have tunable optical properties that depend on the size, shape, and composition of the NPs, and on the number of NP layers and their interparticle distance. Interestingly, strong light-matter interactions in superlattices form plasmon polaritons. Tunable interparticle distances allow designer materials with dielectric functions tailorable from that characteristic of an insulator to that of a metal, and serve as strong optical absorbers or scatterers, respectively. In combination with lithography techniques, these extended assemblies can be patterned to create subwavelength NP superstructures and form large-area 2D and 3D metamaterials that manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of transmitted or reflected light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yun Chang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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7
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Cui Y, Wang J, Liang J, Qiu H. Molecular Engineering of Colloidal Atoms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207609. [PMID: 36799197 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Creation of architectures with exquisite hierarchies actuates the germination of revolutionized functions and applications across a wide range of fields. Hierarchical self-assembly of colloidal particles holds the promise for materialized realization of structural programing and customizing. This review outlines the general approaches to organize atom-like micro- and nanoparticles into prescribed colloidal analogs of molecules by exploiting diverse interparticle driving motifs involving confining templates, interactive surface ligands, and flexible shape/surface anisotropy. Furthermore, the self-regulated/adaptive co-assembly of simple unvarnished building blocks is discussed to inspire new designs of colloidal assembly strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juncong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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8
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Dong W, Zhang Y, Yi C, Chang JJ, Ye S, Nie Z. Halogen Bonding-Driven Reversible Self-Assembly of Plasmonic Colloidal Molecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3047-3054. [PMID: 36603151 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal molecules (CMs) assembled from plasmonic nanoparticles are an emerging class of building blocks for creating plasmonic materials and devices, but precise yet reversible assembly of plasmonic CMs remains a challenge. This communication describes the reversible self-assembly of binary plasmonic nanoparticles capped with complementary copolymer ligands into different CMs via halogen bonding interactions at high yield. The coordination number of the CMs is governed by the number ratio of complementary halogen donor and acceptor groups on the interacting nanoparticles. The reversibility of the halogen bonds allows for controlling the repeated formation and disassociation of the plasmonic CMs and hence their optical properties. Furthermore, the CMs can be designed to further self-assemble into complex structures in selective solvents. The precisely engineered reversible nanostructures may find applications in sensing, catalysis, and smart optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Julia J Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Kim J, Lee S, Son J, Kim J, Hilal H, Park M, Jung I, Nam JM, Park S. Plasmonic Cyclic Au Nanosphere Hexamers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205956. [PMID: 36464657 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of plasmonic colloidal assemblies via bottom-up synthesis is challenging but would show unprecedented optical properties that strongly relate to the assembly's shape and spatial arrangement. Herein, the synthesis of plasmonic cyclic Au nanosphere hexamers (PCHs) is reported, wherein six Au nanospheres (Au NSs) are connected via thin metal ligaments. By tuning Au reduction, six dangling Au NSs are interconnected with a core hexagon nanoplate (NPL). Then, Pt atoms are selectively deposited on the edges of the spheres. After etching of the core, necklace-like nanostructures of Pt framework are obtained. Deposition of Au is followed, leading to PCHs in high yield (≈90%). Notably, PCHs exhibit the combinatorial plasmonic characteristics of individual Au NSs and the in-plane coupling of the six linked Au NSs. They yield highly uniform, reproducible, and polarization-independent single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals, which are attributed to the 2-dimensional isotropic alignment of the Au NSs. Those are applied to a SERS-based immunoassay as quantitative and qualitative single particle SERS nanoprobes. This assay shows a low limit-of-detection, down to 100 pm, which is orders of magnitude lower than those based on Au NSs, and one order of magnitude lower than an assay using analogous particles of smooth Au nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hajir Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Minsun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Insub Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
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10
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Kim YJ, Moon JB, Hwang H, Kim YS, Yi GR. Advances in Colloidal Building Blocks: Toward Patchy Colloidal Clusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203045. [PMID: 35921224 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The scalable synthetic route to colloidal atoms has significantly advanced over the past two decades. Recently, colloidal clusters with DNA-coated cores called "patchy colloidal clusters" have been developed, providing a directional bonding with specific angle of rotation due to the shape complementarity between colloidal clusters. Through a DNA-mediated interlocking process, they are directly assembled into low-coordination colloidal structures, such as cubic diamond lattices. Herein, the significant progress in recent years in the synthesis of patchy colloidal clusters and their assembly in experiments and simulations is reviewed. Furthermore, an outlook is given on the emerging approaches to the patchy colloidal clusters and their potential applications in photonic crystals, metamaterials, topological photonic insulators, and separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Bin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Muhammed MM, Alrebdi TA, Chamkha AJ, Mokkath JH. Coupled plasmons in aluminum nanoparticle superclusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29528-29538. [PMID: 36448566 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles can self-assemble into highly ordered superclusters for potential applications in optics and catalysis. Here, using first-principles quantum mechanical calculations, we investigate plasmon coupling in superclusters made of aluminum nanoparticles. More specifically, we study/compare the plasmon coupling in close-pack FCC (face-centered-cubic) and non-close-pack BCC (body-centered-cubic) superclusters. We demonstrate that the optical properties of these clusters can be fine-tuned with respect to the packing arrangement. As a key result of this work, plasmon coupling is found to be enhanced (diminished) in FCC (BCC) superclusters due to constructive (destructive) plasmon coupling. Our quantum calculations would help in the design of Al-based superclusters beneficial for plasmonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahani A Alrebdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali J Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
| | - Junais Habeeb Mokkath
- Quantum Nanophotonics Simulations Lab, Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science And Technology, Doha Area, 7th Ring Road, P.O. Box 27235, Kuwait.
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12
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Trinh HD, Kim S, Park J, Yoon S. Core-satellite-satellite hierarchical nanostructures: assembly, plasmon coupling, and gap-selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17003-17012. [PMID: 36354377 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), such as color tunability, electric field generation, hot carrier generation, and localized heating, are significantly enhanced in the nanogaps between AuNPs. Therefore, the creation and control of nanogaps are key to developing advanced plasmonic nanomaterials. Most AuNP nanoassemblies, including dimers, trimers, and core-satellites, have a single type of nanogap within the assembly. In this study, we construct core-satellite-satellite (CSS) hierarchical, fractal-like nanostructures featuring two types of nanogaps, namely first generation nanogaps (Gap1) between the core and first satellite (Sat1) AuNPs and second generation nanogaps (Gap2) between Sat1 and second satellite (Sat2) AuNPs. The sequential and alternating immersion of glass slides in different-sized AuNPs and linkers forms CSS with perfect yield. The UV-vis spectroscopy, combined with charge density distribution calculations, reveals the nature of the plasmon coupling between the AuNPs that constitute CSS nanoassemblies. The plasmon coupling can be tuned by independently varying Gap1 and Gap2. Furthermore, we explore the electric field amplification in Gap1 and Gap2 by comparing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal intensity selectively from each nanogap. This new type of nanostructure provides a great flexibility to control and enhance the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Duc Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Seokheon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Joohwan Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Sangwoon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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13
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Carvalho DF, Martins MA, Fernandes PA, Correia MRP. Coupling of plasmonic nanoparticles on a semiconductor substrate via a modified discrete dipole approximation method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19705-19715. [PMID: 35811566 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the plasmonic coupling between a set of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in a 2D array, and how a substrate affects such coupling, is fundamental for the development of optimized optoelectronic structures. Here, a simple semi-analytical procedure based on discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is reported to simulate the far-field and near-field properties of arrays of NPs, considering the coupling between particles, and the effect of the presence of a semiconductor substrate based on the image dipole approach. The method is validated for Ag NP dimers and single Ag NPs on a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, a semiconductor widely used in optical devices, by comparison with the results obtained by the finite element method (FEM), indicating a good agreement in the weak coupling regime. Next, the method is applied to square and random arrays of Ag NPs on a GaN substrate. The increase in the surface density of NPs on a GaN substrate mainly results in a redshift of the dipolar resonance frequency and an increase in the near-field enhancement. This model, based on a single dipole approach, grants very low computational times, representing an advantage to predict the optical properties of large NP arrays on a semiconductor substrate for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo F Carvalho
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Martins
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo A Fernandes
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. .,INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.,CIETI, Department of Physics, ISEP - Porto School of Engineering, 4200-072, Portugal
| | - M Rosário P Correia
- i3N, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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14
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Lermusiaux L, Roach L, Baron A, Treguer-Delapierre M. Bottom-up synthesis of meta-atoms as building blocks in self-assembled metamaterials : Recent advances and perspectives. NANO EXPRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Meta-atoms interact with light in interesting ways and offer a large range of exciting properties. They exhibit optical properties inaccessible by natural atoms but their fabrication is notoriously difficult because of the precision required. In this perspective, we present the current research landscape in making meta-atoms, with a focus on the most promising self-assembly approaches and main challenges to overcome, for the development of materials with novel properties at optical frequencies.
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15
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Sinha RK. A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate prepared on a hydrophobic surface using controlled evaporation. RSC Adv 2021; 12:331-337. [PMID: 35424501 PMCID: PMC8978651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07871b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report the fabrication of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate on a simple and easily fabricable hydrophobic surface. The substrates are prepared by slow and fast evaporation of a droplet of silver nanoparticle suspension in water. The corresponding identifiers for two substrates are “s_evp” and “f_evp” respectively. It is found that the dried spot size is small on s_evp compared to that on f_evp. This also minimizes the coffee stain effect and enriches the spot in a better way on s_evp compared to f_evp. Consequently, using SERS experimentation on our lab-built setup, concentration as low as 2.5*10−12 M of rhodamine 6G molecules was detected on s_evp compared to 2.5 × 10−10 M on f_evp. The proposed s_evp SERS substrate is much easier to fabricate and easy to use compared to super-hydrophobic SERS substrates. In the present work, we report the fabrication of a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate on a simple and easily fabricable hydrophobic surface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal-576104 Karnataka India
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16
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Mao J, Huang L, Fan L, Chen F, Lou J, Shan X, Yu D, Zhou J. 60-nt DNA Direct Detection without Pretreatment by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Polycationic Modified Ag Microcrystal Derived from AgCl Cube. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226790. [PMID: 34833883 PMCID: PMC8620099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct detection of long-strand DNA by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a valuable method for diagnosis of hereditary diseases, but it is currently limited to less than 25-nt DNA strand in pure water, which makes this approach unsuitable for many real-life applications. Here, we report a 60-nt DNA label-free detection strategy without pretreatment by SERS with polyquaternium-modified Ag microcrystals derived from an AgCl cube. Through the reduction-induced decomposition, the size of the about 3 × 3 × 3 μm3 AgCl cube is reduced to Ag, and the surface is distributed with the uniform size of 63 nm silver nanoparticles, providing a large area of a robust and highly electromagnetic enhancement region. The modified polycationic molecule enhances the non-specific electrostatic interaction with the phosphate group, thereby anchoring DNA strands firmly to the SERS enhanced region intactly. As a result, the single-base recognition ability of this strategy reaches 60-nt and is successfully applied to detect thalassemia-related mutation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Mao
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.M.); (L.H.); (L.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Lvtao Huang
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.M.); (L.H.); (L.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Li Fan
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.M.); (L.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Jingan Lou
- The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Xuliang Shan
- Hangzhou Green Environment Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.M.); (L.H.); (L.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kim YJ, Kim JH, Jo IS, Pine DJ, Sacanna S, Yi GR. Patchy Colloidal Clusters with Broken Symmetry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13175-13183. [PMID: 34392686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal clusters are prepared by assembling positively charged cross-linked polystyrene (PS) particles onto negatively charged liquid cores of swollen polymer particles. PS particles at the interface of the liquid core are closely packed around the core due to interfacial wetting. Then, by evaporating solvent in the liquid cores, polymers in the cores are solidified and the clusters are cemented. As the swelling ratio of PS cores increases, cores at the center of colloidal clusters are exposed, forming patchy colloidal clusters. Finally, by density gradient centrifugation, high-purity symmetric colloidal clusters are obtained. When silica-PS core-shell particles are swollen and serve as the liquid cores, hybrid colloidal clusters are obtained in which each silica nanoparticle is relocated to the liquid core interface during the swelling-deswelling process breaking symmetry in colloidal clusters as the silica nanoparticle in the core is comparable in size with the PS particle in the shell. The configuration of colloidal clusters is determined once the number of particles around the liquid core is given, which depends on the size ratio of the liquid core and shell particle. Since hybrid clusters are heavier than PS particles, they can be purified using centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - David J Pine
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | | | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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18
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Liu B, Exiga S, Duguet E, Ravaine S. Templated Synthesis and Assembly of Two-, Three- and Six-Patch Silica Nanoparticles with a Controlled Patch-to-Particle Size Ratio. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164736. [PMID: 34443324 PMCID: PMC8398481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a fabrication route of silica nanoparticles with two, three or six patches with an easily tunable patch-to-particle size ratio. The synthetic pathway includes two main stages: the synthesis of silica/polystyrene multipod-like templates and the selective growth of their silica core through an iterative approach. Electron microscopy of the dimpled nanoparticles obtained after dissolution of the polystyrene nodules of the multipod-like nanoparticles provides evidence of the conformational growth of the silica core. Thanks to the presence of some polymer chains, which remained grafted at the bottom of the dimples after the dissolution of the PS nodules, the solvent-induced assembly of the patchy nanoparticles is performed. Chains, hexagonal suprastructures and cubic lattices are obtained from the assembly of two-, three- and six-patch silica nanoparticles, respectively. Our study can guide future work in both patchy nanoparticle synthesis and self-assembly. It also opens new routes towards the fabrication of specific classes of one-, two- and three-dimensional colloidal lattices, including complex tilings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France; (B.L.); (S.E.)
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stéphanie Exiga
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France; (B.L.); (S.E.)
| | - Etienne Duguet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Serge Ravaine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR 5031, 33600 Pessac, France; (B.L.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (S.R.)
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19
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Calderon I, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Targets and Tools: Nucleic Acids for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:230. [PMID: 34356701 PMCID: PMC8301754 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) merges nanotechnology with conventional Raman spectroscopy to produce an ultrasensitive and highly specific analytical tool that has been exploited as the optical signal read-out in a variety of advanced applications. In this feature article, we delineate the main features of the intertwined relationship between SERS and nucleic acids (NAs). In particular, we report representative examples of the implementation of SERS in biosensing platforms for NA detection, the integration of DNA as the biorecognition element onto plasmonic materials for SERS analysis of different classes of analytes (from metal ions to microorgniasms) and, finally, the use of structural DNA nanotechnology for the precise engineering of SERS-active nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Calderon
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel∙lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Luca Guerrini
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel∙lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel∙lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Abstract
The field of single nanoparticle plasmonics has grown enormously. There is no doubt that a wide diversity of the nanoplasmonic techniques and nanostructures represents a tremendous opportunity for fundamental biomedical studies as well as sensing and imaging applications. Single nanoparticle plasmonic biosensors are efficient in label-free single-molecule detection, as well as in monitoring real-time binding events of even several biomolecules. In the present review, we have discussed the prominent advantages and advances in single particle characterization and synthesis as well as new insight into and information on biomedical diagnosis uniquely obtained using single particle approaches. The approaches include the fundamental studies of nanoplasmonic behavior, two typical methods based on refractive index change and characteristic light intensity change, exciting innovations of synthetic strategies for new plasmonic nanostructures, and practical applications using single particle sensing, imaging, and tracking. The basic sphere and rod nanostructures are the focus of extensive investigations in biomedicine, while they can be programmed into algorithmic assemblies for novel plasmonic diagnosis. Design of single nanoparticles for the detection of single biomolecules will have far-reaching consequences in biomedical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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21
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Donaldson JG, Schall P, Rossi L. Magnetic Coupling in Colloidal Clusters for Hierarchical Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4989-4999. [PMID: 33650847 PMCID: PMC8155334 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the way in which colloidal particles self-organize is a central challenge in the design of functional soft materials. Meeting this challenge requires the use of building blocks that interact with one another in a highly specific manner. Their fabrication, however, is limited by the complexity of the available synthesis procedures. Here, we demonstrate that, starting from experimentally available magnetic colloids, we can create a variety of complex building blocks suitable for hierarchical self-organization through a simple scalable process. Using computer simulations, we compress spherical and cubic magnetic colloids in spherical confinement, and investigate their suitability to form small clusters with reproducible structural and magnetic properties. We find that, while the structure of these clusters is highly reproducible, their magnetic character depends on the particle shape. Only spherical particles have the rotational degrees of freedom to produce consistent magnetic configurations, whereas cubic particles frustrate the minimization of the cluster energy, resulting in various magnetic configurations. To highlight their potential for self-assembly, we demonstrate that already clusters of three magnetic particles form highly nontrivial Archimedean lattices, namely, staggered kagome, bounce, and honeycomb, when focusing on different aspects of the same monolayer structure. The work presented here offers a conceptually different way to design materials by utilizing preassembled magnetic building blocks that can readily self-organize into complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe G. Donaldson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Institute
of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rossi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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22
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Barr JW, Gomrok S, Chaffin E, Huang X, Wang Y. Insight on the Coupling of Plasmonic Nanoparticles from Near-Field Spectra Determined via Discrete Dipole Approximations. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:5260-5268. [PMID: 34367408 PMCID: PMC8341654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in nanoparticle assemblies has been investigated extensively via far-field properties, such as absorption and scattering, but very rarely via near-field properties, and a quantitative investigation of near-field properties should provide great insight into the nature of the coupling. We report a numerical procedure to obtain reliable near-field spectra (Q NF) around spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). The reliability of the method was tested by comparing Q NF from DDA calculations with exact results from the Mie theory. We then applied the method to examine Au NPs assembled in dimer, trimer, and up to pentamer in a linear arrangement. For the well-studied dimer system, we show that the Q NF enhancement, due to coupling in longitudinal mode, is much greater than the enhancement in Q ext. There is a linear correlation between the Q NF and Q ext peak positions, with the Q NF peak redshifted from the Q ext peak by an average of approximately 12 nm. In the case of the multimers, Q NF spectra from individual spheres were not always identical and become dependent on the sphere location. In the longitudinal model, the center sphere has the strongest Q NF spectra. For the transverse mode, we differentiate two different scenario, transverse-Y where both electric field (E) and light propagation vector (k) are perpendicular the chain axis, and transverse-X where k is parallel to the chain axis. In transverse-Y mode, coupling leads to reduced Q NF spectra and the center sphere has the lowest Q NF intensity. In transverse-X mode, there is retardation effect from the front sphere to the back sphere. The Q NF from the front sphere is stronger than from the back sphere. In addition, due to the phase lag in k-direction, the Q NF in transverse-X can differ quite significantly from transverse-Y for large particles. All these results could be understood when one considers how electric field from induced dipoles on neighboring NPs add on or subtract from the incident E-field. These results provide new insight into the coupling properties of Au NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Barr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
- Freed-Hardeman University, Henderson, Tennessee 38340, USA
| | - Saghar Gomrok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Elise Chaffin
- Freed-Hardeman University, Henderson, Tennessee 38340, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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23
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Xu X, Cölfen H. Ultracentrifugation Techniques for the Ordering of Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020333. [PMID: 33513966 PMCID: PMC7912273 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A centrifugal field can provide an external force for the ordering of nanoparticles. Especially with the knowledge from in-situ characterization by analytical (ultra)centrifugation, nanoparticle ordering can be rationally realized in preparative (ultra)centrifugation. This review summarizes the work back to the 1990s, where intuitive use of centrifugation was achieved for the fabrication of colloidal crystals to the very recent work where analytical (ultra)centrifugation is employed to tailor-make concentration gradients for advanced materials. This review is divided into three main parts. In the introduction part, the history of ordering microbeads in gravity is discussed and with the size of particles reduced to nanometers, a centrifugal field is necessary. In the next part, the research on the ordering of nanoparticles in analytical and preparative centrifugation in recent decades is described. In the last part, the applications of the functional materials, fabricated from centrifugation-induced nanoparticle superstructures are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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24
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Li L, Wang Z, Lu Y, Zhu K, Zong S, Cui Y. DNA-assisted synthesis of Ortho-NanoDimer with sub-nanoscale controllable gap for SERS application. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112769. [PMID: 33166801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructure with precisely controllable narrow gap width remains a great challenge, especially at the sub-nanoscale level. Here, a versatile strategy named as DNA-assisted synthesis of ortho-nanodimer (DaSON) is proposed to fabricate Ag (Au) nanodimers with a uniform gap width from nanometers to angstroms. In such a strategy, two nanoparticles are constrained by the equilibrium state of the DNA hybridization and electrostatic repulsion to form zipper-like ortho-nanostructures with an extremely uniform gap whose width can be finely adjusted at nanoscale or sub-nanoscale by changing the DNA sequence and the surface charge of nanoparticles. The inherent strong electromagnetic coupling in the uniform sub-nanometer gap can generates an unparalleled SERS enhancement together with an extraordinary reproducibility. Compared with conventional DNA-based nano-gap fabrication strategy, the DaSON strategy enhances the SERS intensity for more than two orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 100 aM for DNA, and significantly improves the reproducibility in both labeled and label-free SERS sensing applications. Moreover, the DaSON strategy holds wide applicability for arbitrary kinds of DNA-modifiable nanoparticles. Therefore, we believe that the DaSON strategy provides an innovative method for the synthesis of nanostructures with controllable nanogaps and has a promising future in multiple fields including nanotechnology, catalysis and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Li
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuyuan Wang
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenfei Zong
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Höller RPM, Jahn IJ, Cialla-May D, Chanana M, Popp J, Fery A, Kuttner C. Biomacromolecular-Assembled Nanoclusters: Key Aspects for Robust Colloidal SERS Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57302-57313. [PMID: 33306362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Superstructures of gold nanospheres offer augmented surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities beyond the limits of their individual building blocks. However, for application as reliable and quantitative colloidal SERS probes, some key aspects need to be considered to combine efficiency and robustness with respect to hotspot excitation, analyte adsorption, signal stability, and colloidal stability. For this purpose, we studied core/satellite superstructures with spherical cores as a simple optically isotropic model system. Superstructures of different core sizes were assembled using bovine serum albumin (BSA), which serves as a non-specific biomacromolecular linker and provides electrosteric stabilization. We show that the "noisy" spectral footprint of the protein coating may serve as an internal standard, which allows accurate monitoring of the adsorption kinetics of analytes. The SERS activity was quantified using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) as an aromatic low-molecular-weight model analyte. The molar SERS efficiency was studied by variation of the particle (Au0) and analyte concentrations with a limit of detection of 10-7 M MBA. The practical importance of colloidal stability for robust measurement conditions was demonstrated by comparing the superstructures with their citrate-stabilized or protein-coated building blocks. We explain the theoretical background of hotspot formation by a leader/follower relationship of asymmetric control between the core and the satellites and give practical guidelines for robust colloidal SERS sensing probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland P M Höller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Izabella J Jahn
- Leibniz Institute of Photonics Technology (IPHT), Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonics Technology (IPHT), Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Munish Chanana
- Swiss Wood Solutions AG, Überlandstr. 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonics Technology (IPHT), Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Kuttner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Huh JH, Kim K, Im E, Lee J, Cho Y, Lee S. Exploiting Colloidal Metamaterials for Achieving Unnatural Optical Refractions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001806. [PMID: 33079414 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The scaling down of meta-atoms or metamolecules (collectively denoted as metaunits) is a long-lasting issue from the time when the concept of metamaterials was first suggested. According to the effective medium theory, which is the foundational concept of metamaterials, the structural sizes of meta-units should be much smaller than the working wavelengths (e.g., << 1/5 wavelength). At relatively low frequency regimes (e.g., microwave and terahertz), the conventional monolithic lithography can readily address the materialization of metamaterials. However, it is still challenging to fabricate optical metamaterials (metamaterials working at optical frequencies such as the visible and near-infrared regimes) through the lithographic approaches. This serves as the rationale for using colloidal self-assembly as a strategy for the realization of optical metamaterials. Colloidal self-assembly can address various critical issues associated with the materialization of optical metamaterials, such as achieving nanogaps over a large area, increasing true 3D structural complexities, and cost-effective processing, which all are difficult to attain through monolithic lithography. Nevertheless, colloidal self-assembly is still a toolset underutilized by optical engineers. Here, the design principle of the colloidally self-assembled optical metamaterials exhibiting unnatural refractions, the practical challenge of relevant experiments, and the future opportunities are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeok Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - YongDeok Cho
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering (IEE) and KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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27
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Groni S, Fave C, Schöllhorn B, Chapus L, Aubertin P, Touzalin T, Lucas IT, Joiret S, Courty A, Maisonhaute E. Long range self-organisations of small metallic nanocrystals for SERS detection of electrochemical reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Blanco-Formoso M, Pazos-Perez N, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Fabrication and SERS properties of complex and organized nanoparticle plasmonic clusters stable in solution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14948-14956. [PMID: 32643745 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04167j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
SERS activity can be increased by the formation of hot spots at the interparticle junctions of plasmonic nanoparticles in very close proximity, dramatically improving the enhancement factors in comparison with isolated nanoparticles. Controlling the number and geometrical architecture of hot spots, while endowing the clusters with colloidal stability, results in feasible optical sensors, able to provide quantitative SERS responses. Here, we review the approaches proposed to date to produce colloidal stable clusters, focusing on the control of the coordination number of nanoparticle assemblies and interparticle gaps. Clusters of spherical nanoparticles of the same size and rods of the same size are described to subsequently outline core-satellite constructs of nanoparticles of different sizes. Besides, purification processes for nanoparticle clusters are revised to provide efficient production in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blanco-Formoso
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Pazos-Perez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. and ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Dong S, Zhang X, Li Q, Liu C, Ye T, Liu J, Xu H, Zhang X, Liu J, Jiang C, Xue L, Yang S, Xiao X. Springtail-Inspired Superamphiphobic Ordered Nanohoodoo Arrays with Quasi-Doubly Reentrant Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000779. [PMID: 32285646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin of springtails is well-known for being able to repel water and organic liquids using their hexagonally arranged protrusions with reentrant structures. Here, a method to prepare 100 nm-sized nanohoodoo arrays with quasi-doubly reentrant structures over square centimeters through combining the nanosphere lithography and the template-protected selective reactive ion etching technique is demonstrated. The top size of the nanohoodoos, the intra-nanohoodoo distance, and the height of the nanohoodoos can be readily controlled by the plasma-etching time of the polystyrene (PS) spheres, the size of the PS spheres used, and the reactive ion etching time of silicon. The strong structural control capability allows for the study of the relationship between the nanohoodoo structure and the wetting property. Superamphiphobic nanohoodoo arrays with outstanding water/organic liquid repellent properties are finally obtained. The superamphiphobic and liquid repellent properties endow the nanohoodoo arrays with remarkable self-cleaning performance even using hot water droplets, anti-fogging performance, and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensitivity improvement by enriching the analyte molecules on the nanohoodoo arrays. Overall, the simple and massive production of the superamphiphobic nanohoodoo structures will push their practical application processes in diverse fields where wettability and liquid repellency need to be carefully engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilian Dong
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- The Institute of Technological Sciences & School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Ye
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchao Liu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Longjian Xue
- The Institute of Technological Sciences & School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shikuan Yang
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiangheng Xiao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory and Su Zhou Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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30
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Plüisch CS, Bössenecker B, Dobler L, Wittemann A. Zonal rotor centrifugation revisited: new horizons in sorting nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27549-27559. [PMID: 35529214 PMCID: PMC9070787 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Density gradient centrifugation is an effective method for the isolation and purification of small particles. Hollow rotors capable of hosting density gradients replace the need for centrifuge tubes and therefore allow separations at large scales. So far, zonal rotors have been used for biological separations ranging from the purification of whole cells down to serum proteins. We demonstrate that the high-resolution separation method opens up exciting perspectives apart from biology, namely in sorting mixtures of synthetic nanoparticles. Loading and unloading, while the rotor is spinning, avoids perturbations during acceleration and deceleration periods, and thus makes a vital contribution to sorting accuracy. Nowadays one can synthesize nanoscale particles in a wide variety of compositions and shapes. A prominent example for this are “colloidal molecules” or, generally speaking, defined assemblies of nanoparticles that can appear in varying aggregation numbers. Fractionation of such multimodal colloids plays an essential role with regard to their organization into hierarchical organized superstructures such as films, mesocrystals and metamaterials. Zonal rotor centrifugation was found to be a scalable method of getting “colloidal molecules” properly sorted. It allows access to pure fractions of particle monomers, dimers, and trimers, just as well as to fractions that are essentially rich in particle tetramers. Separations were evaluated by differential centrifugal sedimentation, which provides high-resolution size distributions of the collected nanoparticle fractions. The performance achieved in relation to resolution, zone widths, sorting efficiencies and recovery rates clearly demonstrate that zonal rotor centrifugation provides an excellent solution to the fractionation of nanoparticle mixtures. Hollow bowl-shaped rotors allow for efficient fractionation of nanoparticle mixtures at large scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simone Plüisch
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz Universitaetsstrasse 10 D-78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Brigitte Bössenecker
- Particle Analysis Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz Universitaetsstrasse 10 D-78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Lukas Dobler
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz Universitaetsstrasse 10 D-78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Alexander Wittemann
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz Universitaetsstrasse 10 D-78464 Konstanz Germany
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31
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Wang J, Mbah CF, Przybilla T, Englisch S, Spiecker E, Engel M, Vogel N. Free Energy Landscape of Colloidal Clusters in Spherical Confinement. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9005-9015. [PMID: 31274291 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of finite self-assembling systems depends sensitively on the number of constituent building blocks. Recently, it was demonstrated that hard sphere-like colloidal particles show a magic number effect when confined in emulsion droplets. Geometric construction rules permit a few dozen magic numbers that correspond to a discrete series of completely filled concentric icosahedral shells. Here, we investigate the free energy landscape of these colloidal clusters as a function of the number of their constituent building blocks for system sizes up to several thousand particles. We find that minima in the free energy landscape, arising from the presence of filled, concentric shells, are significantly broadened, compared to their atomic analogues. Colloidal clusters in spherical confinement can flexibly accommodate excess particles by ordering icosahedrally in the cluster center while changing the structure near the cluster surface. In between these magic number regions, the building blocks cannot arrange into filled shells. Instead, we observe that defects accumulate in a single wedge and therefore only affect a few tetrahedral grains of the cluster. We predict the existence of this wedge by simulation and confirm its presence in experiment using electron tomography. The introduction of the wedge minimizes the free energy penalty by confining defects to small regions within the cluster. In addition, the remaining ordered tetrahedral grains can relax internal strain by breaking icosahedral symmetry. Our findings demonstrate how multiple defect mechanisms collude to form the complex free energy landscape of colloidal clusters.
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32
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García-Lojo D, Núñez-Sánchez S, Gómez-Graña S, Grzelczak M, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Liz-Marzán LM. Plasmonic Supercrystals. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1855-1864. [PMID: 31243968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For decades, plasmonic nanoparticles have been extensively studied due to their extraordinary properties, related to localized surface plasmon resonances. A milestone in the field has been the development of the so-called seed-mediated growth method, a synthetic route that provided access to an extraordinary diversity of metal nanoparticles with tailored size, geometry and composition. Such a morphological control came along with an exquisite definition of the optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles, thereby increasing their prospects for implementation in various fields. The susceptibility of surface plasmons to respond to small changes in the surrounding medium or to perturb (enhance/quench) optical processes in nearby molecules, has been exploited for a wide range of applications, from biomedicine to energy harvesting. However, the possibilities offered by plasmonic nanoparticles can be expanded even further by their careful assembly into either disordered or ordered structures, in 2D and 3D. The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles gives rise to coupling/hybridization effects, which are strongly dependent on interparticle spacing and orientation, generating extremely high electric fields (hot spots), confined at interparticle gaps. Thus, the use of plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies as optical sensors have led to improving the limits of detection for a wide variety of (bio)molecules and ions. Importantly, in the case of highly ordered plasmonic arrays, other novel and unique optical effects can be generated. Indeed, new functional materials have been developed via the assembly of nanoparticles into highly ordered architectures, ranging from thin films (2D) to colloidal crystals or supercrystals (3D). The progress in the design and fabrication of 3D supercrystals could pave the way toward next generation plasmonic sensors, photocatalysts, optomagnetic components, metamaterials, etc. In this Account, we summarize selected recent advancements in the field of highly ordered 3D plasmonic superlattices. We first analyze their fascinating optical properties for various systems with increasing degrees of complexity, from an individual metal nanoparticle through particle clusters with low coordination numbers to disordered self-assembled structures and finally to supercrystals. We then describe recent progress in the fabrication of 3D plasmonic supercrystals, focusing on specific strategies but without delving into the forces governing the self-assembly process. In the last section, we provide an overview of the potential applications of plasmonic supercrystals, with a particular emphasis on those related to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing, followed by a brief highlight of the main conclusions and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Lojo
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Núñez-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia−San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
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33
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Liang Z, Zhou J, Petti L, Shao L, Jiang T, Qing Y, Xie S, Wu G, Mormile P. SERS-based cascade amplification bioassay protocol of miRNA-21 by using sandwich structure with biotin-streptavidin system. Analyst 2019; 144:1741-1750. [PMID: 30663745 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In our bioassay protocol, the Ag@4MBA@DNA-biotin probes were synthesized by linking biotin-modified DNA and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid-covered Ag nanoparticles, and the Si@Ag@anti-digoxin/digoxin-DNA substrate was fabricated by immune linking of digoxin-DNA and anti-digoxin immobilized on a Ag-coated wafer. Then, the probes, miRNA-21 and the substrate were constructed into a "sandwich structure" to detect the variation in the SERS signals with respect to miRNA-21 concentrations. Next, streptavidin and extra probes were alternately introduced to implement the cascade amplification of the SERS signal to increase the detection sensitivity. The results show that the limit of detection (LOD) with cascade amplification is remarkably improved from 97.81 pM to 38.02 fM, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the original data without cascade amplification. Furthermore, the SERS-based cascade amplification mechanism was analyzed and is attributed to the "hot spots effect" of the noble metal nanostructure. The biotin-streptavidin (B-S) system was introduced into the SERS detection platform, and the novel SERS-based cascade amplification bioassay protocol has significant creativity for the detection of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Liang
- Institute of Photonics, Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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34
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De Fazio AF, El-Sagheer AH, Kahn JS, Nandhakumar I, Burton MR, Brown T, Muskens OL, Gang O, Kanaras AG. Light-Induced Reversible DNA Ligation of Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5771-5777. [PMID: 30958671 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA-mediated self-assembly of nanoparticles has been of great interest because it enables access to nanoparticle superstructures that cannot be synthesized otherwise. However, the programmability of higher order nanoparticle structures can be easily lost under DNA denaturing conditions. Here, we demonstrate that light can be employed as an external stimulus to master the stability of nanoparticle superlattices (SLs) via the promotion of a reversible photoligation of DNA in SLs. The oligonucleotides attached to the nanoparticles are encoded to ligate using 365 nm light, effectively locking the SLs and rendering them stable under DNA denaturing conditions. The reversible process of unlocking these structures is possible by irradiation with light at 315 nm, recovering the structures to their natural state. Our work inspires an alternative research direction toward postassembly manipulation of nanoparticle superstructures using external stimuli as a tool to enrich the library of additional material forms and their application in different media and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F De Fazio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Afaf H El-Sagheer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , U.K
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering , Suez University , Suez 43721 , Egypt
| | - Jason S Kahn
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Iris Nandhakumar
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Matthew Richard Burton
- SPECIFIC-IKC, Materials Research Centre, College of Engineering , Swansea University , Bay Campus, Fabian Way , Swansea , SA1 8EN , U.K
| | - Tom Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , U.K
| | - Otto L Muskens
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
- Institute for Life Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
- Institute for Life Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , U.K
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35
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Zhang Z, Bando K, Mochizuki K, Taguchi A, Fujita K, Kawata S. Quantitative Evaluation of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles for Intracellular pH Sensing at a Single Particle Level. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3254-3262. [PMID: 30698014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH is one of the key factors for understanding various biological processes in biological cells. Plasmonic gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications for pH sensing as a local pH probe in a living cell. However, the SERS performance of NPs depends on material, size, and shape, which can be controlled by chemical synthesis. Here, we synthesized 18 types of gold and silver NPs with different morphologies such as sphere, rod, flower, star, core/shell, hollow, octahedra, core/satellites, and chainlike aggregates, and quantitatively compared their SERS performance for pH sensing. The SERS intensity from the most commonly utilized SERS probe molecule ( para-mercaptobenzoic acid, p-MBA) for pH sensing was measured at the single nanoparticle level under the same measurement parameters such as low laser power (0.5 mW/μm2), short integration time (100 ms) at wavelengths of 405, 488, 532, 584, 676, and 785 nm. In our measurement, the Ag chain, Ag core/satellites, Ag@Au core/satellites, and Au core/satellites nanoassemblies showed efficient pH sensing at the single particle level. By using p-MBA-conjugated Au@Ag core/satellites, we performed time-lapse pH measurements during apoptosis of HeLa cells. These experimental results confirmed that the pH measurement using p-MBA-conjugated Au@Ag core/satellites can be applied for long-term measurements of intracellular pH during cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 215163 , Suzhou , China
| | - Kazuki Bando
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Serendip Research, Osaka , Osaka 530-0001 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Taguchi
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory , AIST-Osaka Unversity , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan.,Serendip Research, Osaka , Osaka 530-0001 , Japan
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36
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Yang Y, Gu C, Li J. Sub-5 nm Metal Nanogaps: Physical Properties, Fabrication Methods, and Device Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804177. [PMID: 30589217 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sub-5 nm metal nanogaps have attracted widespread attention in physics, chemistry, material sciences, and biology due to their physical properties, including great plasmon-enhanced effects in light-matter interactions and charge tunneling, Coulomb blockade, and the Kondo effect under an electrical stimulus. These properties especially meet the needs of many cutting-edge devices, such as sensing, optical, molecular, and electronic devices. However, fabricating sub-5 nm nanogaps is still challenging at the present, and scaled and reliable fabrication, improved addressability, and multifunction integration are desired for further applications in commercial devices. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of sub-5 nm nanogaps and to present recent advancements in metal nanogaps, including their physical properties, fabrication methods, and device applications, with the ultimate aim to further inspire scientists and engineers in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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37
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Pazos-Perez N, Fitzgerald JM, Giannini V, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Modular assembly of plasmonic core-satellite structures as highly brilliant SERS-encoded nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:122-131. [PMID: 36132448 PMCID: PMC9473162 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00257f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a fabrication approach that produces homogeneous core-satellite SERS encoded particles with minimal interparticle gaps (<2-3 nm) and maximum particle loading, while positioning the encoding agents at the gaps. Integration of plasmonic building blocks of different sizes, shapes, compositions, surface chemistries or encoding agents is achieved in a modular fashion with minimal modification of the general synthetic protocol. These materials present an outstanding optical performance with homogeneous enhancement factors over 4 orders of magnitude as compared with classical SERS encoded particles, which allows their use as single particle labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pazos-Perez
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jamie M Fitzgerald
- Department of Physics Condensed Matter Theory, Imperial College London England UK
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Department of Physics Condensed Matter Theory, Imperial College London England UK
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Serrano 121 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Luca Guerrini
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ramon A Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica e Inorganica, EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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38
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Wei H, Leng W, Song J, Liu C, Willner MR, Huang Q, Zhou W, Vikesland PJ. Real-Time Monitoring of Ligand Exchange Kinetics on Gold Nanoparticle Surfaces Enabled by Hot Spot-Normalized Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:575-585. [PMID: 30525495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle surface coatings dictate their fate, transport, and bioavailability. We used a gold nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose substrate and "hot spot"-normalized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (HSNSERS) to achieve in situ and real-time monitoring of ligand exchange reactions on the gold surface. This approach enables semiquantitative determination of citrate surface coverage. Following exposure of the citrate-coated nanoparticles to a suite of guest ligands (thiolates, amines, carboxylates, inorganic ions, and proteins), the guest ligand signal exhibited first-order growth kinetics, while the desorption mediated decay of the citrate signal followed a first-order model. Guest ligand functional group chemistry dictated the kinetics of citrate desorption, while the guest ligand concentration played only a minor role. Thiolates and BSA were more efficient at ligand exchange than amine-containing chemicals, carboxylate-containing chemicals, and inorganic salts due to their higher binding energies with the AuNP surface. Amine-containing molecules overcoated rather than displaced the citrate layer via electrostatic interaction. Citrate exhibited low resistance to replacement at high surface coverages, but higher resistance at lower coverage, thus suggesting a transformation of the citrate-binding mode during desorption. High resistance to replacement in streamwater suggests that the role of surface-adsorbed citrate in nanomaterial fate and transport must be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Weinan Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Junyeob Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Marjorie R Willner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Qishen Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Virginia Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN) , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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Mao P, Liu C, Favraud G, Chen Q, Han M, Fratalocchi A, Zhang S. Broadband single molecule SERS detection designed by warped optical spaces. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5428. [PMID: 30575738 PMCID: PMC6303368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering hotspots is of crucial importance in many applications including energy harvesting, nano-lasers, subwavelength imaging, and biomedical sensing. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy is a key technique to identify analytes that would otherwise be difficult to diagnose. In standard systems, hotspots are realised with nanostructures made by acute tips or narrow gaps. Owing to the low probability for molecules to reach such tiny active regions, high sensitivity is always accompanied by a large preparation time for analyte accumulation which hinders the time response. Inspired by transformation optics, we introduce an approach based on warped spaces to manipulate hotspots, resulting in broadband enhancements in both the magnitude and volume. Experiments for single molecule detection with a fast soaking time are realised in conjunction with broadband response and uniformity. Such engineering could provide a new design platform for a rich manifold of devices, which can benefit from broadband and huge field enhancements. In standard SERS the probability for the molecules to reach tiny hotpot regions is low. Here, the authors introduce an approach based on warped spaces that offers a strategy to manipulate hotspots of metallic nanostructures, resulting in large broadband enhancements in both the magnitude and the volume size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changxu Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Gael Favraud
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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40
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Magic number colloidal clusters as minimum free energy structures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5259. [PMID: 30532018 PMCID: PMC6288123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusters in systems as diverse as metal atoms, virus proteins, noble gases, and nucleons have properties that depend sensitively on the number of constituent particles. Certain numbers are termed ‘magic’ because they grant the system with closed shells and exceptional stability. To this point, magic number clusters have been exclusively found with attractive interactions as present between atoms. Here we show that magic number clusters exist in a confined soft matter system with negligible interactions. Colloidal particles in an emulsion droplet spontaneously organize into a series of clusters with precisely defined shell structures. Crucially, free energy calculations demonstrate that colloidal clusters with magic numbers possess higher thermodynamic stability than those off magic numbers. A complex kinetic pathway is responsible for the efficiency of this system in finding its minimum free energy configuration. Targeting similar magic number states is a strategy towards unique configurations in finite self-organizing systems across the scales. Magic number cluster with closed shells and increased stability often result from potential energy minimization between attractive atoms or particles. Here, Wang et al. show that such magic number clusters can also result from entropy maximization in colloidal systems with negligible interactions.
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41
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Stuckert R, Plüisch CS, Wittemann A. Experimental Assessment and Model Validation on How Shape Determines Sedimentation and Diffusion of Colloidal Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13339-13351. [PMID: 30350686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the hydrodynamics of colloids with complex shapes is of equal importance to widespread practical applications and fundamental scientific problems, such as gelation, crystallization, and phase behavior. Building on previous work, we present a comprehensive study of sedimentation, diffusion, intrinsic viscosities, and other shape-dependent quantities of clusters built from spherical nanoparticles. Cluster preparation is accomplished by assembling surface-modified polystyrene particles on evaporating emulsion droplets. This results in supracolloids that exhibit well-defined configurations, which are governed by the number of constituent particles. Sorting into uniform cluster fractions is achieved through centrifugation of the cluster mixture in a density gradient. Sedimentation coefficients are elucidated by differential centrifugal sedimentation. Rotational and translational diffusion of the clusters are investigated by polarized and depolarized dynamic light scattering. The experimental results are compared to data obtained via a bead-shell model suitable for predicting hydrodynamic quantities of particles with arbitrary shapes. The experimental data are in excellent agreement with the predictions from hydrodynamic modeling. The variety of investigated shapes shows the robustness of our approach and provides a complete picture of the hydrodynamic behavior of complex particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Stuckert
- Colloid Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitaetsstrasse 10 , 78464 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Claudia Simone Plüisch
- Colloid Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitaetsstrasse 10 , 78464 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Alexander Wittemann
- Colloid Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitaetsstrasse 10 , 78464 Konstanz , Germany
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42
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Wei J, Mitomo H, Tani T, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Naya M, Ijiro K. Size-Defined Cracked Vesicle Formation via Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Covered with Carboxylic Acid-Terminated Surface Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12445-12451. [PMID: 30230846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into a defined structure, particularly hollow capsule structures, provides great potential for applications in materials science and medicine. However, the complexity of the parameters for the preparation of those structures through self-assembly has limited access to critical mechanistic questions. With this in mind, we have studied GNP vesicle (GNV) formation through self-assembly by the surface modification of GNPs with low-molecular-weight ligands. Here, we successfully prepared GNVs composed of GNPs with a diameter of 30 nm by surface modification with carboxylic acid-terminated fluorinated oligo(ethylene glycol) ligands (CFLs). As the carboxylic acid has two states (protonated and deprotonated), the balance of the attraction and repulsion between GNPs covered with CFLs is tunable. Sodium carboxylate-terminated fluorinated oligo(ethylene glycol) ligands (SCFLs) provided smaller GNVs than did CFLs at 0.8 × 1011 NPs/mL. Time-course study revealed that CFL-covered GNPs quickly form small aggregates and gradually grow to larger GNVs (ca. 200 nm), but no gradual growth was observed for SCFL-covered GNPs. This result indicated that the electrostatic repulsion inhibits fusion of the small GNVs. The size of the GNVs formed with the aid of CFLs was independent of the initial GNP concentration, but the extinction spectra were concentration-dependent. Electron microscopy imaging and simulations supported the defect formation in the assemblies. These results provided new insights into the vesicle formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Wei
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Kita 13, Nishi 8 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mitomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 11 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Takeharu Tani
- FUJIFILM Corporation , Ushijima , Ashigarakami-gun, Kaisei-Machi , Kanagawa 258-8577 , Japan
| | - Yasutaka Matsuo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Niikura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 11 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Naya
- FUJIFILM Corporation , Ushijima , Ashigarakami-gun, Kaisei-Machi , Kanagawa 258-8577 , Japan
| | - Kuniharu Ijiro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 10 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education , Hokkaido University , Kita 21, Nishi 11 , Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
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Wintzheimer S, Granath T, Oppmann M, Kister T, Thai T, Kraus T, Vogel N, Mandel K. Supraparticles: Functionality from Uniform Structural Motifs. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5093-5120. [PMID: 29763295 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Under the right process conditions, nanoparticles can cluster together to form defined, dispersed structures, which can be termed supraparticles. Controlling the size, shape, and morphology of such entities is a central step in various fields of science and technology, ranging from colloid chemistry and soft matter physics to powder technology and pharmaceutical and food sciences. These diverse scientific communities have been investigating formation processes and structure/property relations of such supraparticles under completely different boundary conditions. On the fundamental side, the field is driven by the desire to gain maximum control of the assembly structures using very defined and tailored colloidal building blocks, whereas more applied disciplines focus on optimizing the functional properties from rather ill-defined starting materials. With this review article, we aim to provide a connecting perspective by outlining fundamental principles that govern the formation and functionality of supraparticles. We discuss the formation of supraparticles as a result of colloidal properties interplaying with external process parameters. We then outline how the structure of the supraparticles gives rise to diverse functional properties. They can be a result of the structure itself (emergent properties), of the colocalization of different, functional building blocks, or of coupling between individual particles in close proximity. Taken together, we aim to establish structure-property and process-structure relationships that provide unifying guidelines for the rational design of functional supraparticles with optimized properties. Finally, we aspire to connect the different disciplines by providing a categorized overview of the existing, diverging nomenclature of seemingly similar supraparticle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wintzheimer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, ISC , Neunerplatz 2 , 97082 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Tim Granath
- Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis , University Würzburg , Röntgenring 11 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Oppmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, ISC , Neunerplatz 2 , 97082 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Kister
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Thibaut Thai
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Haberstrasse 9A , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, ISC , Neunerplatz 2 , 97082 Würzburg , Germany
- Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis , University Würzburg , Röntgenring 11 , 97070 Würzburg , Germany
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Soheilian R, Abdi H, Maloney CE, Erb RM. Assembling particle clusters with incoherent 3D magnetic fields. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:400-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Colloidal design of plasmonic sensors based on surface enhanced Raman scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:834-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Wu TJ, Chiu HY, Yu J, Cautela MP, Sarmento B, das Neves J, Catala C, Pazos-Perez N, Guerrini L, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Vranješ-Đurić S, Ignjatović NL. Nanotechnologies for early diagnosis, in situ disease monitoring, and prevention. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PREVENTIVE AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7156018 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48063-5.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an enabling technology with great potential for applications in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), an inherently biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticle, is well suited for such applications. We had developed a prospective isolation method using CD157, CD45, and CD54 to obtain lung stem cells. Labeling of CD45−CD54+CD157+ cells with FNDs did not eliminate their abilities for self-renewal and differentiation. The FND labeling in combination with cell sorting, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and immunostaining identified transplanted stem cells allowed tracking of their engraftment and regenerative capabilities with single-cell resolution. Time-gated fluorescence (TGF) imaging in mouse tissue sections indicated that they reside preferentially at the bronchoalveolar junctions of lungs, especially in naphthalene-injured mice. Our results presented in Subchapter 1.1 demonstrate not only the remarkable homing capacity and regenerative potential of the isolated stem cells, but also the ability of finding rare lung stem cells in vivo using FNDs. The topical use of antiretroviral-based microbicides, namely of a dapivirine ring, has been recently shown to partially prevent transmission of HIV through the vaginal route. Among different formulation approaches, nanotechnology tools and principles have been used for the development of tentative vaginal and rectal microbicide products. Subchapter 1.2 provides an overview of antiretroviral drug nanocarriers as novel microbicide candidates and discusses recent and relevant research on the topic. Furthermore, advances in developing vaginal delivery platforms for the administration of promising antiretroviral drug nanocarriers are reviewed. Although mostly dedicated to the discussion of nanosystems for vaginal use, the development of rectal nanomicrobicides is also addressed. Infectious diseases are currently responsible for over 8 million deaths per year. Efficient treatments require accurate recognition of pathogens at low concentrations, which in the case of blood infection (septicemia) can go as low as 1 mL–1. Detecting and quantifying bacteria at such low concentrations is challenging and typically demands cultures of large samples of blood (∼1 mL) extending over 24–72 h. This delay seriously compromises the health of patients and is largely responsible for the death toll of bacterial infections. Recent advances in nanoscience, spectroscopy, plasmonics, and microfluidics allow for the development of optical devices capable of monitoring minute amounts of analytes in liquid samples. In Subchapter 1.3 we critically discuss these recent developments that will, in the future, enable the multiplex identification and quantification of microorganisms directly on their biological matrix with unprecedented speed, low cost, and sensitivity. Radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) are finding an increasing interest in a broad range of biomedical applications. They may be used to detect and characterize diseases, to deliver relevant therapeutics, and to study the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of nanomaterials. The use of radiotracer techniques in the research of novel NPs offers many advantages, but there are still some limitations. The binding of radionuclides to NPs has to be irreversible to prevent their escape to other tissues or organs. Due to the short half-lives of radionuclides, the manufacturing process is time limited and difficult, and there is also a risk of contamination. Subchapter 1.4 presents the main selection criteria for radionuclides and applicable radiolabeling procedures used for the radiolabeling of various NPs. Also, an overview of different types of NPs that have so far been labeled with radionuclides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Jung Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kuei Shang, Taiwan,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Wang T, Li Y, Fu Y, Guo L. Optimally designed gold nanorattles with strong built-in hotspots and weak polarization dependence. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:495201. [PMID: 29083993 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa96ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Localized electromagnetic fields generated by interparticle plasmon coupling suffer greatly from nonreproducibility because they are extremely sensitive to the nanoparticle aggregation status and the incident polarization. Here, we synthesize gold nanorattles that exhibit inherent aggregation-insensitive hotspots due to the intraparticle core-shell plasmon coupling, and investigate the structural effect on the intraparticle coupling strength and its polarization dependence. Through optimizing the structural parameters, we successfully synthesize gold nanorattles with strong built-in hotspots and weak polarization dependence. These aggregation-insensitive and weakly polarization-dependent hotspots make the Raman enhancement from nanorattle aggregates show an unusual weak dependence on the particle aggregation status, which therefore affords the opportunity to fabricate uniform and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110189, People's Republic of China. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
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48
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Liu R, Li S, Liu JF. Self-assembly of plasmonic nanostructures into superlattices for surface-enhanced Raman scattering applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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49
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Wang C, Tian L, Zhu W, Wang S, Gao N, Zhou K, Yin X, Zhang W, Zhao L, Li G. Molecular cage-bridged plasmonic structures with well-defined nanogaps as well as the capability of reversible and selective guest trapping. Chem Sci 2017; 9:889-895. [PMID: 29629155 PMCID: PMC5873215 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03536e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating well-defined plasmonic hotspots with enormous field enhancements as well as the capability of selectively trapping targeted molecules into hotspots is of critical importance and a prerequisite for numerous plasmon-assisted applications, but it represents a great challenge. In this work, a robust molecular cage decorated with thioether moieties at the periphery was designed and synthesized. By using the synthesized cage as a linker, a series of molecular cage-bridged plasmonic structures with well-defined nanogaps (hotspots) were fabricated in an efficient and controllable fashion. It was found both experimentally and theoretically that the nanogaps of about 1.2 nm created by the molecular cage in the resultant plasmonic structures led to a strong plasmon coupling, thus inducing great field enhancement inside the nanogaps. More importantly, the embedded molecular cages endowed the formed hotspots with the capability of selectively trapping targeted molecules, offering huge opportunities for many emergent applications. As a demonstration, the hotspots constructed were used as a unique nanoreactor, and under mild conditions two types of plasmon-driven chemical transformation were successfully performed. All the results clearly indicate that the integration of the host-guest chemistry of the molecular cage with the plasmon-coupling effect of metal particles afforded a new class of plasmonic structures, showing great potential for facilitating a broad variety of plasmon-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Wei Zhu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory , Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , USA
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Xianpeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Chemistry , Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
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