1
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Wang B, Yin X, Yu S, Wang H. Hysteresis-Free and Bias-Stable Organic Transistors Fabricated by Dip-Coating with a Vertical-Phase-Separation Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1465. [PMID: 38611980 PMCID: PMC11012522 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The morphology of organic films plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of transistor devices. While the dip-coating technique is capable of producing highly oriented organic films, it often encounters challenges such as limited coverage and the presence of defects in gaps between strips, adversely affecting device performance. In this study, we address these challenges by increasing solution viscosity through the incorporation of a substantial proportion of dielectric polymers, thereby enhancing the participation of additional molecules during the film formation process when pulled up. This method produces continuous and oriented organic films with a notable absence of gaps, significantly improving the carrier mobility of transistor devices by more than twofold. Importantly, the fabricated devices exhibit remarkable reliability, showing no hysteresis even after 200 cycles of measurement. Furthermore, the current and threshold voltages of the devices demonstrate exceptional stability, maintaining steady after 10,000 s of bias measurement. This approach provides a solution for the cost-effective and large-scale production of organic transistors, contributing significantly to the advancement of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
| | - Xiaowen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Division of Energy Research Resources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (B.W.)
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2
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Li M, Liu M, Qi F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Self-Assembled Monolayers for Interfacial Engineering in Solution-Processed Thin-Film Electronic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2138-2204. [PMID: 38421811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial engineering has long been a vital means of improving thin-film device performance, especially for organic electronics, perovskites, and hybrid devices. It greatly facilitates the fabrication and performance of solution-processed thin-film devices, including organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, due to the limitation of traditional interfacial materials, further progress of these thin-film devices is hampered particularly in terms of stability, flexibility, and sensitivity. The deadlock has gradually been broken through the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which possess distinct benefits in transparency, diversity, stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and surface passivation ability. In this review, we first showed the evolution of SAMs, elucidating their working mechanisms and structure-property relationships by assessing a wide range of SAM materials reported to date. A comprehensive comparison of various SAM growth, fabrication, and characterization methods was presented to help readers interested in applying SAM to their works. Moreover, the recent progress of the SAM design and applications in mainstream thin-film electronic devices, including OFETs, OSCs, PVSCs and OLEDs, was summarized. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the major challenges for the further development of SAMs used in thin-film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Jiang H, Zhu S, Cui Z, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhu J, Hu P, Zhang HL, Hu W. High-performance five-ring-fused organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3071-3122. [PMID: 35319036 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular semiconductors have been paid great attention due to their advantages of low-temperature processability, low fabrication cost, good flexibility, and excellent electronic properties. As a typical example of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors, a single crystal of pentacene shows a high mobility of up to 40 cm2 V-1 s-1, indicating its potential application in organic electronics. However, the photo- and optical instabilities of pentacene make it unsuitable for commercial applications. But, molecular engineering, for both the five-ring-fused building block and side chains, has been performed to improve the stability of materials as well as maintain high mobility. Here, several groups (thiophenes, pyrroles, furans, etc.) are introduced to design and replace one or more benzene rings of pentacene and construct novel five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. In this review article, ∼500 five-ring-fused organic prototype molecules and their derivatives are summarized to provide a general understanding of this catalogue material for application in organic field-effect transistors. The results indicate that many five-ring-fused organic semiconductors can achieve high mobilities of more than 1 cm2 V-1 s-1, and a hole mobility of up to 18.9 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be obtained, while an electron mobility of 27.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 can be achieved in five-ring-fused organic semiconductors. The HOMO-LUMO levels, the synthesis process, the molecular packing, and the side-chain engineering of five-ring-fused organic semiconductors are analyzed. The current problems, conclusions, and perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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4
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Dramstad TA, Wu Z, Massari AM. Sum frequency generation as a proxy for ellipsometry: Not just a phase. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:110901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared refractive indices of organic materials are typically resolved through IR ellipsometry. This technique takes advantage of optical interference effects to solve the optical constants. These are the same effects that complicate the analysis of coherent spectroscopy experiments on thin films. Vibrational sum frequency generation is an interface-specific coherent spectroscopy that requires spectral modeling to account for optical interference effects to uncover interfacial molecular responses. Here, we explore the possibility of leveraging incident beam geometries and sample thicknesses to simultaneously obtain the molecular responses and refractive indices. Globally fitting a higher number of spectra with a single set of refractive indices increases the fidelity of the fitted parameters. Finally, we test our method on samples with a range of thicknesses and compare the results to those obtained by IR ellipsometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorn A. Dramstad
- University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | - Zhihao Wu
- University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
| | - Aaron M. Massari
- University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
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5
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Liu J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li T, Li C, Zhang J, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Capillary-Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107574. [PMID: 34837661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the "soft-template-assisted-assembly method" is developed to prepare centimeter-scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary-confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field-effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single-crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high-quality p-n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n-type material atop the MMC. The p-n heterojunction field-effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Chen S, Zhu L, Zhang B, Yun SN, Wang J, Yuan MS. Organic Crystal Growth: Directly from Amorphous Solid Powder to Single Crystals. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:4067-4071. [PMID: 34747569 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of organic crystals mainly depends on solution-deposition, sublimation, and melt-deposition techniques. Solid-state growth methods are generally not suitable for organic crystal growth due to the unprocurable mass transfer. Herein, we report two pyridine-substituted fluorenone compounds with extraordinary crystal-growth capacity, and these compounds can directly and quickly form single crystals from their amorphous solid powder by heating under antisolvent-assistance conditions. The novel experimental phenomenon and crystal growth mechanism were investigated in depth. The results indicate that multiple intermolecular hydrogen-bonding sites and planar aromatic structure (prone to π-π interactions) of these molecules dominate the mass transfer during crystal growth by providing enough energy. This discovery enhances our knowledge of solid-state methods for single-crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Bingwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Na Yun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Sen Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
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7
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Gao K, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wan H, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Hou G, Liu J, Zhang L. Heterogeneous Dynamics of Polymer Melts Exerted by Chain Loops Anchored on the Substrate: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12290-12303. [PMID: 34636573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding polymer-substrate interfacial dynamics at the molecular level is crucial for tailoring the properties of polymer ultrathin films (PUFs). Herein, through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, the effect of length (Nloop) and rigidity (Kloop) of loop chains on the dynamics of linear chains is systematically explored, in which the loop chains are adsorbed on a solid substrate and the linear chains are covered on the loop chains. It is found that there is an optimal Kloop, which strongly confines the motion of the linear chains. Meanwhile, compared to increasing the rigidity of the loop chains, increasing the length of the loop chains can more effectively confine the motion of the linear chains. More interestingly, we observe that the mismatch of the length (ΔN) and rigidity (ΔK) between the loop and linear chains leads to dynamic asymmetry (ΔDc). The relationship between the ΔN, ΔK, and ΔDc are found to follow the mathematical expression of ΔDc ∼ (ΔN)α(ΔK)β, in which the values of α and β are around 4.58 and 0.83, separately. Remarkably, using the Gaussian process regression model, we construct a master curve of diffusion coefficient on the segmental and chain length scales of the linear chains as a function of Nloop and Kloop, which is further validated by our simulated prediction. In general, this work provides a fundamental understanding of polymer interfacial dynamics at the molecular level, enlightening some rational principles for manipulating the physical properties of PUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhudan Chen
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyi Hou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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8
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Molecular conformation-induced interfacial stress at the origin of the instability of organic transistors. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Wang C, Fu B, Zhang X, Li R, Dong H, Hu W. Solution-Processed, Large-Area, Two-Dimensional Crystals of Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistors and Phototransistors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:636-652. [PMID: 32490182 PMCID: PMC7256937 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics with π-conjugated organic semiconductors are promising candidates for the next electronics revolution. For the conductive channel, the large-area two-dimensional (2D) crystals of organic semiconductors (2DCOS) serve as useful scaffolds for modern organic electronics, benefiting not only from long-range order and low defect density nature but also from unique charge transport characteristic and photoelectrical properties. Meanwhile, the solution process with advantages of cost-effectiveness and room temperature compatibility is the foundation of high-throughput print electrical devices. Herein, we will give an insightful overview to witness the huge advances in 2DCOS over the past decade. First, the typical influencing factors and state-of-the-art assembly strategies of the solution-process for large-area 2DCOS over sub-millimeter even to wafer size are discussed accompanying rational evaluation. Then, the charge transport characteristics and contact resistance of 2DCOS-based transistors are explored. Following this, beyond single transistors, the p-n junction devices and planar integrated circuits based on 2DCOS are also emphasized. Furthermore, the burgeoning phototransistors (OPTs) based on crystals in the 2D limits are elaborated. Next, we emphasized the unique and enhanced photoelectrical properties based on a hybrid system with other 2D van der Waals solids. Finally, frontier insights and opportunities are proposed, promoting further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University
and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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10
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Li H, Shi Y, Han G, Liu J, Zhang J, Li C, Liu J, Yi Y, Li T, Gao X, Di C, Huang J, Che Y, Wang D, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Monolayer Two-dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET-based Chemical Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4380-4384. [PMID: 31943644 PMCID: PMC7079129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of conventional thin-film OFET-based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first time, an ultrasensitive (sub-ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n-type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two-dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU-DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world-record detection limit of NH3 (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC-OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC-OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional MoleculesCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
| | - Chongan Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research CenterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
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11
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Li H, Shi Y, Han G, Liu J, Zhang J, Li C, Liu J, Yi Y, Li T, Gao X, Di C, Huang J, Che Y, Wang D, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Monolayer Two‐dimensional Molecular Crystals for an Ultrasensitive OFET‐based Chemical Sensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional MoleculesCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chongan Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jia Huang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research CenterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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12
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Large-scale patterning of π-conjugated materials by meniscus guided coating methods. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102080. [PMID: 31809990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Printed organic electronics has attracted considerable interest in recent years as it enables the fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices, and thus offers significant possibilities in terms of developing new applications in various fields. Easy processing is a prerequisite for the development of low-cost, flexible and printed plastics electronics. Among processing techniques, meniscus guided coating methods are considered simple, efficient, and low-cost methods to fabricate electronic devices in industry. One of the major challenges is the control of thin film morphology, molecular orientations and directional alignment of polymer films during coating processes. Herein, the recent progress of emerging field of meniscus guided printing organic semiconductor materials is discussed. The first part of this report briefly summarizes recent advances in meniscus guided coating techniques. The second part discusses periodic deposits and patterned deposition at moving contact lines, where the mass-transport influences film morphology due to convection at the triple contact line. The last section summarizes our strategy to fabricate large-scale patterning of π-conjugated polymers using meniscus guided method.
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13
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14
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Li Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Zhang M, Ma C, Li H, Lu J, Zhang Q. Highly Robust Organometallic Small-Molecule-Based Nonvolatile Resistive Memory Controlled by a Redox-Gated Switching Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40332-40338. [PMID: 31610648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although organic small-molecule-based memory devices (OSMDs) have been demonstrated to show great potential for the application in next-generation data-storage technology, progress toward their further development has been hugely hindered by the ambiguity of their electrical switching mechanism. Thus, purposely fabricating OSMDs with a definite switching behavior is very urgent. Here, we reported a redox-gated nonvolatile rewritable memory device using an organometallic small molecule as an active material. By introducing the redox-active ferrocene into an organic skeleton, the target small molecule exhibits reliable and robust FLASH-type bistable electrical characteristics with a clear redox-controlled switching mechanism, which leads to low operational voltages, good endurance, and long retention. Our study offers a proof-of-concept strategy to design controllable OSMDs with excellent performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215009 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215009 , P. R. China
| | - Yujia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215009 , P. R. China
| | - Mayue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215009 , P. R. China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics , Suzhou University of Science and Technology , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215009 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Yang S, Zhai F, Zhang F, Niu Z, Feng Y, Feng W, Zhang X, Li L, Li R, Hu W. Thermal-assisted self-assembly: a self-adaptive strategy towards large-area uniaxial organic single-crystalline microribbon arrays. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12781-12787. [PMID: 31243423 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Uniaxial organic single-crystalline microribbon arrays (OSCMAs) are a class of highly desirable materials for a variety of optoelectronic applications due to their favorable molecular orientations along the long axes of the ribbons. Up to now, great endeavors have been made and several solution-processing techniques have been proposed to grow uniaxial OSCMAs. However, the crystal growth parameters are tuned non-synergistically in these techniques, resulting in challenging growth condition control. Herein, we report a self-adaptive thermal-assisted self-assembly (TASA) strategy to realize the synergistic control of key crystal growth parameters for the facile yet controllable production of centimeter-sized uniaxial OSCMAs from the solution. In the TASA strategy, key crystal growth parameters, such as solvent evaporation, nucleation and crystal growth, are controlled synergistically by the temperature gradient. As a result, the TASA strategy is self-adaptive, and it shows a large temperature and concentration tolerance. Organic phototransistors (OPTs) based on the uniaxial OSCMAs produced by the TASA strategy exhibit an unprecedented photosensitivity of 1.36 × 108, a high responsivity of 845 A W-1 and a high detectivity of 1.98 × 1015 Jones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Fei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhikai Niu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Liqiang Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Sun L, Wang C, Yang F, Ren X, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. Organic crystalline materials in flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1492-1530. [PMID: 30283937 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have attracted considerable attention recently given their potential to revolutionize human lives. High-performance organic crystalline materials (OCMs) are considered strong candidates for next-generation flexible electronics such as displays, image sensors, and artificial skin. They not only have great advantages in terms of flexibility, molecular diversity, low-cost, solution processability, and inherent compatibility with flexible substrates, but also show less grain boundaries with minimal defects, ensuring excellent and uniform electronic characteristics. Meanwhile, OCMs also serve as a powerful tool to probe the intrinsic electronic and mechanical properties of organics and reveal the flexible device physics for further guidance for flexible materials and device design. While the past decades have witnessed huge advances in OCM-based flexible electronics, this review is intended to provide a timely overview of this fascinating field. First, the crystal packing, charge transport, and assembly protocols of OCMs are introduced. State-of-the-art construction strategies for aligned/patterned OCM on/into flexible substrates are then discussed in detail. Following this, advanced OCM-based flexible devices and their potential applications are highlighted. Finally, future directions and opportunities for this field are proposed, in the hope of providing guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
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17
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Kwon EH, Jang YJ, Kim GW, Kim M, Park YD. Highly crystalline and uniform conjugated polymer thin films by a water-based biphasic dip-coating technique minimizing the use of halogenated solvents for transistor applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6356-6362. [PMID: 35517306 PMCID: PMC9060937 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The commercialization of organic electronics will require minimizing the use of halogenated solvents used to solution-process organic semiconductors, which is a crucial step for large-area coating methods, such as the dip-coating method. Here, we report a novel biphasic dip-coating method which uses a water-based biphasic solution and produces a uniform, smooth, and crystalline conjugated polymer thin film in the presence of a solvent additive. We demonstrated that a solvent additive with a high boiling point and solubility parameter similar to that of the solution affected the solvent evaporation rate and improved the crystallinity of the dip-coated polymer thin film. The method used to add the solvent strongly influenced how the solvent additive diffused into the polymer solution, which affected the resulting film morphology. The crystallinity and morphology of the polymer films were correlated with the electrical characteristics, and the most crystalline film displayed a high hole field effect mobility of 0.0391 cm2 V-1 s-1 when processed from the solvent mixture without post-treatment. Our findings provide a direction for the development of reliable and promising organic thin film transistor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kwon
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Kim
- Innovation Center for Engineering, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Yeong Don Park
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea .,Innovation Center for Engineering, Incheon National University Incheon 22012 Republic of Korea
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18
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Yao ZF, Zheng YQ, Li QY, Lei T, Zhang S, Zou L, Liu HY, Dou JH, Lu Y, Wang JY, Gu X, Pei J. Wafer-Scale Fabrication of High-Performance n-Type Polymer Monolayer Transistors Using a Multi-Level Self-Assembly Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806747. [PMID: 30549332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wafer-scale fabrication of high-performance uniform organic electronic materials is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Previous large-scale fabrication methods always lead to different layer thickness and thereby poor film and device uniformity. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, uniform, and high-performance n-type polymer monolayer films is reported, enabled by controlling the multi-level self-assembly process of conjugated polymers in solution. Since the self-assembly process happened in solution, the uniform 2D polymer monolayers can be facilely deposited on various substrates, and theoretically without size limitations. Polymer monolayer transistors exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 1.88 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is among the highest in n-type monolayer organic transistors. This method allows to easily fabricate n-type conjugated polymers with wafer-scale, high uniformity, low contact resistance, and excellent transistor performance (better than the traditional spin-coating method). This work provides an effective strategy to prepare large-scale and uniform 2D polymer monolayers, which could enable the application of conjugated polymers for wafer-scale sophisticated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Han-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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20
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Luo Z, Cao Y, Liu J, Li Y, He D, Shi Y, Hu W, Dong H, Wang X. Negative transconductance in multi-layer organic thin-film transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:02LT01. [PMID: 30411716 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaea42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Negative transconductance (NTC) refers to the phenomenon of the N-shape transfer characteristic appearing with a current peak and valley. It has been extensively studied in the past few decades due to its applications in logic and memory devices. Here, we observe unique antibipolar transfer characteristics and NTC behavior in multi-layer 2,6-diphenyl anthracene organic thin-film transistors grown on h-BN, which is due to the vertical potential barrier between the charge accumulation region near the substrate and the neutral bulk region under the contacts. The applied extrinsic electric field could effectively modulate the barrier height, resulting in a competition for charge carrier transport between lateral and vertical directions. Based on the NTC and antibipolar properties, a frequency doubler has been fabricated on a single transistor, which provides a new building block for organic logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Luo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang H, Wang Q, Li Y. Two-dimensional Organic Materials and Their Electronic Applications. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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22
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Liu C, Zhou H, Wu Q, Dai F, Lau TK, Lu X, Yang T, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu C. Guided Formation of Large Crystals of Organic and Perovskite Semiconductors by an Ultrasonicated Dispenser and Their Application as the Active Matrix of Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39921-39932. [PMID: 30353719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization of organic or perovskite semiconductors reflects the intermolecular interactions and crucially determines the charge transport in opto-electronic devices. In this report, we demonstrate and investigate the use of an ultrasonicated dispenser to guide the formation of crystals of organic and perovskite semiconductors. The moving speed of the dispenser affects the match between the concentration gradient and evaporation rate near the three-phase contact lines and thus the generation of various crystallization morphologies. The mechanism of crystallization is given by a relationship between the calculated concentration gradient profile and the degree of crystal alignment. Highly ordered, aligned crystals are achieved for both organic bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene and perovskite MAPbI3 semiconductors. Absorption spectra, Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurement reveal the strong anisotropy of the crystalline structures. The aligned crystals lead to remarkably enhanced electrical performances in an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) and perovskite photodetector. As a demonstration, we combine the OTFT with photodetectors to achieve an active matrix of normally off, gate-tunable photodetectors that operate under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Thin Film Transistor and Advanced Display, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Tengzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Zixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
| | - Xuying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Avenue , Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , P. R. China
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23
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Park SK, Kim JH, Park SY. Organic 2D Optoelectronic Crystals: Charge Transport, Emerging Functions, and Their Design Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704759. [PMID: 29663536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D organic semiconductor crystals are emerging as a fascinating platform with regard to their applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), attributed to their enhanced charge transport efficiency and their new optoelectronic functions, based on their unique morphological features. Advances in material processing techniques have not only enabled easy fabrication of few-monolayered 2D nanostructures but also facilitated exploration of the interesting properties induced by characteristic 2D morphologies. However, to date, only a limited number of representative organic semiconductors have been utilized in organic 2D optoelectronics. Therefore, in order to further spur this research, an intuitive crystal engineering principle for realizing organic 2D crystals is required. In this regard, here, not only the important implications of applying 2D structures to OFET devices are discussed but also a crystal engineering protocol is provided that first predicts molecular arrangements depending on the molecular factors, which is followed by realizing 2D supramolecular synthon networks for different molecular packing motifs. It is expected that 2D organic semiconductor crystals developed by this approach will pave a promising way toward next-generation organic 2D optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Center for Supramolecular Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea
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24
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Chen D, Li J, Ma W, Li B, Zhen Y, Zhu X, Hu W, Tsuji H, Nakamura E. 2,7-Dioctylbenzofuro[3,2-b
]benzofuran: An Organic Semiconductor with Two-dimensional Transport Channels. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Weimin Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033
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25
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Chai Z, Abbasi SA, Busnaina AA. Scalable Directed Assembly of Highly Crystalline 2,7-Dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18123-18130. [PMID: 29738663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of organic semiconductors with ordered crystal structure has been actively pursued for electronics applications such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Among various film deposition methods, solution-based film growth from small molecule semiconductors is preferable because of its low material and energy consumption, low cost, and scalability. Here, we show scalable and controllable directed assembly of highly crystalline 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) films via a dip-coating process. Self-aligned stripe patterns with tunable thickness and morphology over a centimeter scale are obtained by adjusting two governing parameters: the pulling speed of a substrate and the solution concentration. OFETs are fabricated using the C8-BTBT films assembled at various conditions. A field-effect hole mobility up to 3.99 cm2 V-1 s-1 is obtained. Owing to the highly scalable crystalline film formation, the dip-coating directed assembly process could be a great candidate for manufacturing next-generation electronics. Meanwhile, the film formation mechanism discussed in this paper could provide a general guideline to prepare other organic semiconducting films from small molecule solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Salman A Abbasi
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ahmed A Busnaina
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN) , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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26
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Li M, An C, Pisula W, Müllen K. Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Donor-Acceptor Polymers as Prototypical Semiconductors for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1196-1205. [PMID: 29664608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers are of great interest as organic semiconductors, because they offer a rational tailoring of the electronic properties by modification of the donor and acceptor units. Nowadays, D-A polymers exhibit field-effect mobilities on the order of 10-2-100 cm2 V-1 s-1, while several examples showed a mobility over 10 cm2 V-1 s-1. The development of cyclopentadithiophene-benzothiadiazole (CDT-BTZ) copolymers one decade ago represents an important step toward high-performance organic semiconductors for field-effect transistors. The significant rise in field-effect mobility of CDT-BTZ in comparison to the existing D-A polymers at that time opened the door to a new research field with a large number of novel D-A systems. From this point, the device performance of CDT-BTZ was gradually improved by a systematic optimization of the synthesis and polymer structure as well as by an efficient solution processing into long-range ordered thin films. The key aspect was a comprehensive understanding of the relation between polymer structure and solid-state organization. Due to their fundamental role for the field of D-A polymers in general, this Account will for the first time explicitly focus on prototypical CDT-BTZ polymers, while other reviews provide an excellent general overview on D-A polymers. The first part of this Account discusses strategies for improving the charge carrier transport, focusing on chemical aspects. Improved synthesis as an essential stage toward high purity, and high molecular weight is a prerequisite for molecular order. The modification of substituents is a further crucial feature to tune the CDT-BTZ packing and self-assembly. Linear alkyl side chains facilitate intermolecular π-stacking interactions, while branched ones increase solubility and alter the polymer packing. Additional control over the supramolecular organization of CDT-BTZ polymers is introduced by alkenyl substituents via their cis-trans isomerization. The last discussed chemical concept is based on heteroatom variation within the CDT unit. The relationships found experimentally for CDT-BTZ between polymer chemical structure, solid-state organization, and charge carrier transport are explained by means of theoretical simulations. Besides the effects of molecular design, the second part of this Account discusses the processing conditions from solution. The film microstructure, defined as a mesoscopic domain organization, is critically affected by solution processing. Suitable processing techniques allow the formation of a long-range order and a uniaxial orientation of the CDT-BTZ chains, thus lowering the trapping density of grain boundaries for charge carriers. For instance, alignment of the CDT-BTZ polymer by dip-coating yields films with a pronounced structural and electrical anisotropy and favors a fast migration of charge carriers along the conjugated backbones in the deposition direction. By using film compression with the assistance of an ionic liquid, one even obtains CDT-BTZ films with a band-like transport and a transistor hole mobility of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1. This device performance is attributed to large domains in the compressed films being formed by CDT-BTZ with longer alkyl chains, which establish a fine balance between polymer interactions and growth kinetics during solvent evaporation. On the basis of the prototypical semiconductor CDT-BTZ, this Account provides general guidelines for achieving high-performance polymer transistors by taking into account the subtle balance of synthetic protocol, molecular design, and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cunbin An
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Li M, Mangalore DK, Zhao J, Carpenter JH, Yan H, Ade H, Yan H, Müllen K, Blom PWM, Pisula W, de Leeuw DM, Asadi K. Integrated circuits based on conjugated polymer monolayer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:451. [PMID: 29386502 PMCID: PMC5792516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still a great challenge to fabricate conjugated polymer monolayer field-effect transistors (PoM-FETs) due to intricate crystallization and film formation of conjugated polymers. Here we demonstrate PoM-FETs based on a single monolayer of a conjugated polymer. The resulting PoM-FETs are highly reproducible and exhibit charge carrier mobilities reaching 3 cm2 V-1 s-1. The high performance is attributed to the strong interactions of the polymer chains present already in solution leading to pronounced edge-on packing and well-defined microstructure in the monolayer. The high reproducibility enables the integration of discrete unipolar PoM-FETs into inverters and ring oscillators. Real logic functionality has been demonstrated by constructing a 15-bit code generator in which hundreds of self-assembled PoM-FETs are addressed simultaneously. Our results provide the state-of-the-art example of integrated circuits based on a conjugated polymer monolayer, opening prospective pathways for bottom-up organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany.,Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua H Carpenter
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany. .,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland.
| | - Dago M de Leeuw
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, Delft, 2629 HS, The Netherlands
| | - Kamal Asadi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
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28
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Yang F, Cheng S, Zhang X, Ren X, Li R, Dong H, Hu W. 2D Organic Materials for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1702415. [PMID: 29024065 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable merits of 2D materials with atomically thin structures and optoelectronic attributes have inspired great interest in integrating 2D materials into electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, as an emerging field in the 2D-materials family, assembly of organic nanostructures into 2D forms offers the advantages of molecular diversity, intrinsic flexibility, ease of processing, light weight, and so on, providing an exciting prospect for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the applications of organic 2D materials for optoelectronic devices are a main focus. Material examples include 2D, organic, crystalline, small molecules, polymers, self-assembly monolayers, and covalent organic frameworks. The protocols for 2D-organic-crystal-fabrication and -patterning techniques are briefly discussed, then applications in optoelectronic devices are introduced in detail. Overall, an introduction to what is known and suggestions for the potential of many exciting developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Chen D, Yuan D, Zhang C, Wu H, Zhang J, Li B, Zhu X. Ullmann-Type Intramolecular C–O Reaction Toward Thieno[3,2-b]furan Derivatives with up to Six Fused Rings. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10920-10927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dafei Yuan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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He D, Qiao J, Zhang L, Wang J, Lan T, Qian J, Li Y, Shi Y, Chai Y, Lan W, Ono LK, Qi Y, Xu JB, Ji W, Wang X. Ultrahigh mobility and efficient charge injection in monolayer organic thin-film transistors on boron nitride. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701186. [PMID: 28913429 PMCID: PMC5587094 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with high mobility and low contact resistance have been actively pursued as building blocks for low-cost organic electronics. In conventional solution-processed or vacuum-deposited OTFTs, due to interfacial defects and traps, the organic film has to reach a certain thickness for efficient charge transport. Using an ultimate monolayer of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) molecules as an OTFT channel, we demonstrate remarkable electrical characteristics, including intrinsic hole mobility over 30 cm2/Vs, Ohmic contact with 100 Ω · cm resistance, and band-like transport down to 150 K. Compared to conventional OTFTs, the main advantage of a monolayer channel is the direct, nondisruptive contact between the charge transport layer and metal leads, a feature that is vital for achieving low contact resistance and current saturation voltage. On the other hand, bilayer and thicker C8-BTBT OTFTs exhibit strong Schottky contact and much higher contact resistance but can be improved by inserting a doped graphene buffer layer. Our results suggest that highly crystalline molecular monolayers are promising form factors to build high-performance OTFTs and investigate device physics. They also allow us to precisely model how the molecular packing changes the transport and contact properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Linglong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Junya Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tu Lan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Luis K. Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Song L, Wang Y, Gao Q, Guo Y, Wang Q, Qian J, Jiang S, Wu B, Wang X, Shi Y, Zheng Y, Li Y. Speed up Ferroelectric Organic Transistor Memories by Using Two-Dimensional Molecular Crystalline Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18127-18133. [PMID: 28493670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric organic field-effect transistors (Fe-OFETs) have attracted intensive attention because of their promising potential in nonvolatile memory devices. The quick switching between binary states is a significant fundamental feature in evaluating Fe-OFET memories. Here, we employ 2D molecular crystals via a solution-based process as the conducting channels in transistor devices, in which ferroelectric polymer acts as the gate dielectric. A high carrier mobility of up to 5.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a high on/off ratio of 106 are obtained. In addition, the efficient charge injection by virtue of the ultrathin 2D molecular crystals is beneficial in achieving rapid operations in the Fe-OFETs; devices exhibit short switching time of ∼2.9 and ∼3.0 ms from the on- to the off-state and from the off- to the on-state, respectively. Consequently, the presented strategy is capable of speeding up Fe-OFET memory devices by using solution-processed 2D molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sai Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bing Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Youdou Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Wilczek M, Zhu J, Chi L, Thiele U, Gurevich SV. Dip-coating with prestructured substrates: transfer of simple liquids and Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:014002. [PMID: 27830663 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/29/1/014002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When a plate is withdrawn from a liquid bath, either a static meniscus forms in the transition region between the bath and the substrate or a liquid film of finite thickness (a Landau-Levich film) is transferred onto the moving substrate. If the substrate is inhomogeneous, e.g. has a prestructure consisting of stripes of different wettabilities, the meniscus can be deformed or show a complex dynamic behavior. Here we study the free surface shape and dynamics of a dragged meniscus occurring for striped prestructures with two orientations, parallel and perpendicular to the transfer direction. A thin film model is employed that accounts for capillarity through a Laplace pressure and for the spatially varying wettability through a Derjaguin (or disjoining) pressure. Numerical continuation is used to obtain steady free surface profiles and corresponding bifurcation diagrams in the case of substrates with different homogeneous wettabilities. Direct numerical simulations are employed in the case of the various striped prestructures. The final part illustrates the importance of our findings for particular applications that involve complex liquids by modeling a Langmuir-Blodgett transfer experiment. There, one transfers a monolayer of an insoluble surfactant that covers the surface of the bath onto the moving substrate. The resulting pattern formation phenomena can be crucially influenced by the hydrodynamics of the liquid meniscus that itself depends on the prestructure on the substrate. In particular, we show how prestructure stripes parallel to the transfer direction lead to the formation of bent stripes in the surfactant coverage after transfer and present similar experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wilczek
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, D-48149 Münster, Germany. Center for Nonlinear Science (CeNoS), University of Münster, Corrensstr. 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhu T, Xiao C, Wang B, Hu X, Wang Z, Fan J, Huang L, Yan D, Chi L. Growth of Highly Oriented Ultrathin Crystalline Organic Microstripes: Effect of Alkyl Chain Length. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9109-9117. [PMID: 27548053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth of organic semiconductor with controllable morphology is a crucial issue for achieving high-performance devices. Here we present the systematic study of the effect of the alkyl chain attached to the functional entity on controlling the growth of oriented microcrystals by dip-coating. Alkylated DTBDT-based molecules with variable chain lengths from n-butyl to n-dodecyl formed into one-dimensional micro- or nanostripe crystals at different pulling speeds. The alignment and ordering are significantly varied with alkyl chain length, as is the transistor performance. Highly uniform oriented and higher-molecular-order crystalline stripes with improved field-effect mobility can be achieved with an alkyl-chain length of around 6. We attribute this effect to the alkyl-chain-length-dependent packing, solubility, and self-assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, P.R. China
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Van Der Waals Heterostructures between Small Organic Molecules and Layered Substrates. CRYSTALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst6090113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Li QF, Liu S, Chen HZ, Li HY. Alignment and patterning of organic single crystals for field-effect transistors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Wu K, Li H, Li L, Zhang S, Chen X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Chi L, Gao X, Meng Y. Controlled Growth of Ultrathin Film of Organic Semiconductors by Balancing the Competitive Processes in Dip-Coating for Organic Transistors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6246-6254. [PMID: 27267545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin film with thickness below 15 nm of organic semiconductors provides excellent platform for some fundamental research and practical applications in the field of organic electronics. However, it is quite challenging to develop a general principle for the growth of uniform and continuous ultrathin film over large area. Dip-coating is a useful technique to prepare diverse structures of organic semiconductors, but the assembly of organic semiconductors in dip-coating is quite complicated, and there are no reports about the core rules for the growth of ultrathin film via dip-coating until now. In this work, we develop a general strategy for the growth of ultrathin film of organic semiconductor via dip-coating, which provides a relatively facile model to analyze the growth behavior. The balance between the three direct factors (nucleation rate, assembly rate, and recession rate) is the key to determine the growth of ultrathin film. Under the direction of this rule, ultrathin films of four organic semiconductors are obtained. The field-effect transistors constructed on the ultrathin film show good field-effect property. This work provides a general principle and systematic guideline to prepare ultrathin film of organic semiconductors via dip-coating, which would be highly meaningful for organic electronics as well as for the assembly of other materials via solution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Wu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suna Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeyang Xu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry Science & Engineering Tianjin , Tianjin 300072, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yancheng Meng
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
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Wu B, Zhao Y, Nan H, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao H, He D, Jiang Z, Liu X, Li Y, Shi Y, Ni Z, Wang J, Xu JB, Wang X. Precise, Self-Limited Epitaxy of Ultrathin Organic Semiconductors and Heterojunctions Tailored by van der Waals Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3754-9. [PMID: 27183049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Precise assembly of semiconductor heterojunctions is the key to realize many optoelectronic devices. By exploiting the strong and tunable van der Waals (vdW) forces between graphene and organic small molecules, we demonstrate layer-by-layer epitaxy of ultrathin organic semiconductors and heterostructures with unprecedented precision with well-defined number of layers and self-limited characteristics. We further demonstrate organic p-n heterojunctions with molecularly flat interface, which exhibit excellent rectifying behavior and photovoltaic responses. The self-limited organic molecular beam epitaxy (SLOMBE) is generically applicable for many layered small-molecule semiconductors and may lead to advanced organic optoelectronic devices beyond bulk heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yinghe Zhao
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Nan
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daowei He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zonglin Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications (SICQEA), Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Materials Science and Technology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Li M, Hinkel F, Müllen K, Pisula W. Self-assembly and charge carrier transport of solution-processed conjugated polymer monolayers on dielectric surfaces with controlled sub-nanometer roughness. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:9211-6. [PMID: 27080325 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years organic field-effect transistors have received extensive attention, however, it is still a great challenge to fabricate monolayer-based devices of conjugated polymers. In this study, one single layer of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) is directly dip-coated, and its self-assembly is precisely tuned from nanofibers to granular aggregates by controlling the dielectric roughness on a sub-nanometer scale. The charge carrier transport of the monolayer transistor exhibits a strong dependence on the dielectric roughness, which is attributed to the roughness-induced effects of higher densities of grain boundaries and charge trapping sites as well as surface scattering. These results mark a great advance in the bottom-up fabrication of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Felix Hinkel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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39
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Li M, Marszalek T, Zheng Y, Lieberwirth I, Müllen K, Pisula W. Modulation of Domain Size in Polycrystalline n-Type Dicyanoperylene Mono- and Bilayer Transistors. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4268-4273. [PMID: 26958861 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A single molecular layer (monolayer) of organic semiconductors is proven to be sufficient to create a conducting channel for charge carriers in field-effect transistors, which is an ideal platform to investigate the correlation between molecular self-assembly and device performance. Herein, ultrathin films including mono- and bilayers of an n-type dicyanoperylene (PDI8-CN2) are solution-processed by dip-coating. The domain size of the polycrystalline layers is modulated via the surface roughness of the dielectric within an extremely narrow window from 0.15 to 0.39 nm. When the surface roughness is varied from smooth to rough, the domain size and molecular order in the monolayer are significantly decreased, leading to the reduction in electron mobility by 3 orders of magnitude. On the contrary, a lower roughness dependence is observed in the case of the bilayers, with only a slight difference in domain size and charge carrier transport. On the smooth surface, the bilayers exhibit a transistor performance identical to that of the bulk film, confirming that the first few layers near the dielectric dominate the charge carrier transport. Additionally, these results provide insights into the intrinsic role of the interfacial microstructure of small molecular organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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40
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Zhang X, Jie J, Deng W, Shang Q, Wang J, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang X. Alignment and Patterning of Ordered Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductor Micro-/Nanocrystals for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2475-503. [PMID: 26813697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Large-area alignment and patterning of small-molecule organic semiconductor micro-/nanocrystals (SMOSNs) at desired locations is a prerequisite for their practical device applications. Recent strategies for alignment and patterning of ordered SMOSNs and their corresponding device applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Shang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom, BD7 1DP
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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41
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Liu G, Zhang H, Liu G, Yuan S. A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of organic particles hetero-patterning on template-induced surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Gao K, Xu C, Cui Z, Liu C, Gao L, Li C, Wu D, Cai HL, Wu XS. The growth mechanism and ferroelectric domains of diisopropylammonium bromide films synthesized via 12-crown-4 addition at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7626-31. [PMID: 26956668 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diisopropylammonium bromide (DIPAB) has attracted great attention as a molecular ferroelectric with large spontaneous polarization and high Curie temperature. It is hard to grow the ferroelectric phase DIPAB because of the appearance of the non-ferroelectric phase DIPAB at room temperature. Here, a ferroelectric thin film of DIPAB was successfully fabricated on a Si substrate using a spin coating method from aqueous solution via 12-crown-4 addition at room temperature. The ferroelectric DIPAB film with a thickness of hundreds of nanometers is distributed discontinuously on the substrate in narrow strips. The direction of polarization is along the narrow strip. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) shows that the ferroelectric films have two kinds of domain structures: noncharged antiparallel stripe domains and charged head-to-head (H-H)/tail-to-tail (T-T) type domains. 12-crown-4 has been proved to play important roles in forming the H-H/T-T type domains. The Chynoweth method shows that the DIPAB films synthesized in this way show a better pyroelectric effect than DIPAB crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Cong Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Zepeng Cui
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Chuang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Linsong Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ling Cai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - X S Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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43
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Li M, An C, Marszalek T, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Pisula W. Impact of Interfacial Microstructure on Charge Carrier Transport in Solution-Processed Conjugated Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2245-2252. [PMID: 26765834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface roughness of a dielectric is precisely tuned, allowing a fine control solely over the interfacial microstructure in a semicrystalline semiconductor polymer film without affecting the morphology in the upper layers. The interfacial microstructure is found to have only a minor impact on the transport originating from bypassing of interfacial defects by the charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cunbin An
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
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44
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Wang B, Ding J, Zhu T, Huang W, Cui Z, Chen J, Huang L, Chi L. Fast patterning of oriented organic microstripes for field-effect ammonia gas sensors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3954-3961. [PMID: 26840884 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with patterned ultra-thin films for NH3 detection are achieved via fast dip-coating. The morphology and packing structure of the ultra-thin films are greatly dependent on the surface energy of the substrates, geometry features of the patterned electrodes and evaporation atmosphere during the dip-coating process, which in turn results in a significant difference in the NH3 sensing properties. Based on the newly proposed mechanism, low-trap dielectric-semiconductor interfaces, a stripe-like morphology and an ultrathin film (as low as 2 nm) enable the OFET-based sensors to exhibit unprecedented sensitivity (∼160) with a short response/recovery time. The efficient (2 mm s(-1)), reliable, and scalable patterning strategy opens a new route for solution-processed OFET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jinqiang Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Zequn Cui
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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45
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Noda Y, Yamada T, Kobayashi K, Kumai R, Horiuchi S, Kagawa F, Hasegawa T. Few-Volt Operation of Printed Organic Ferroelectric Capacitor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6475-6481. [PMID: 26419689 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of single-crystalline thin-film arrays for an organic ferroelectric small molecule is achieved by a simple solution process without additional thermal annealing. Based on a cooperative proton tautomerism through a hydrogen-bonding network, films show the polarity switching with an operating voltage of less than 5 V at room temperature. This approach provides a low-cost and eco-friendly fabrication of ferroelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Noda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yamada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kobayashi
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Condensed Matter Research Center (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kagawa
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8562, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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46
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Roland S, Gamys CG, Grosrenaud J, Boissé S, Pellerin C, Prud’homme RE, Bazuin CG. Solvent Influence on Thickness, Composition, and Morphology Variation with Dip-Coating Rate in Supramolecular PS-b-P4VP Thin Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roland
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Cé Guinto Gamys
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Josué Grosrenaud
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Stéphanie Boissé
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Robert E. Prud’homme
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre−ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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47
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Shan L, Liu D, Li H, Xu X, Shan B, Xu JB, Miao Q. Monolayer Field-Effect Transistors of Nonplanar Organic Semiconductors with Brickwork Arrangement. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3418-3423. [PMID: 25914257 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bowen Shan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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48
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Corrales TP, Bai M, del Campo V, Homm P, Ferrari P, Diama A, Wagner C, Taub H, Knorr K, Deutsch M, Retamal MJ, Volkmann UG, Huber P. Spontaneous formation of nanopatterns in velocity-dependent dip-coated organic films: from dragonflies to stripes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9954-9963. [PMID: 25188291 DOI: 10.1021/nn5014534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of the micro- and mesoscopic structure of thin films of medium length n-alkane molecules on the native oxide layer of a silicon surface, prepared by dip-coating in a n-C32H66/n-heptane solution. Electron micrographs reveal two distinct adsorption morphologies depending on the substrate withdrawal speed v. For small v, dragonfly-shaped molecular islands are observed. For a large v, stripes parallel to the withdrawal direction are observed. These have lengths of a few hundred micrometers and a few micrometer lateral separation. For a constant v, the stripes' quality and separation increase with the solution concentration. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy show that both patterns are 4.2 nm thick monolayers of fully extended, surface-normal-aligned alkane molecules. With increasing v, the surface coverage first decreases then increases for v > v(cr) ∼ 0.15 mm/s. The critical v(cr) marks a transition between the evaporation regime, where the solvent's meniscus remains at the bulk's surface, and the entrainment (Landau-Levich-Deryaguin) regime, where the solution is partially dragged by the substrate, covering the withdrawn substrate by a homogeneous film. The dragonflies are single crystals with habits determined by dendritic growth in prominent 2D crystalline directions of randomly seeded nuclei assumed to be quasi-hexagonal. The stripes' strong crystalline texture and the well-defined separation are due to an anisotropic 2D crystallization in narrow liquid fingers, which result from a Marangoni flow driven hydrodynamic instability in the evaporating dip-coated films, akin to the tears of wine phenomenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas P Corrales
- Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , 7820436 Santiago, Chile
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49
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Two-dimensional quasi-freestanding molecular crystals for high-performance organic field-effect transistors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5162. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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50
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Yang H, Su M, Li K, Jiang L, Song Y, Doi M, Wang J. Preparation of patterned ultrathin polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9436-9441. [PMID: 25066958 DOI: 10.1021/la502659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Though patterned ultrathin polymer films (<100 nm) are of great importance in the fields of sensors and nanoelectronic devices, the fabrication of patterned ultrathin polymer films remains a great challenge. Herein, patterned ultrathin polymer films are fabricated facilely on hydrophobic substrates with different hydrophilic outline patterns by the pinning of three-phase contact lines of polymer solution on the hydrophilic outlines. This method is universal for most of the water-soluble polymers, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been selected as a model polymer due to its biocompatibility and good film-forming property. The results indicate that the morphologies of ultrathin polymer films can be precisely adjusted by the size of the hydrophilic outline pattern. Specifically, patterned hydrophilic outlines with sizes of 100, 60, and 40 μm lead to the formation of concave-shaped ultrathin PVA films, whereas uniform ultrathin PVA films are formed on 20 and 10 μm patterned substrates. The controllabilities of morphologies can be interpreted through the influences of the slip length and coffee ring effect. Theoretical analysis shows that when the size of the hydrophilic outline patterns is smaller than a critical value, the coffee ring effect disappears and uniform patterned ultrathin polymer films can be formed for all polymer concentrations. These results provide an effective methodology for the fabrication of patterned ultrathin polymer films and enhance the understanding of the coffee ring effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huige Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, PR China
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