1
|
Poriel C, Rault-Berthelot J. Dihydroindenofluorenes as building units in organic semiconductors for organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6754-6805. [PMID: 37702538 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to discuss organic semiconductors constructed on dihydroindenofluorene positional isomers, which are key molecular scaffolds in organic electronics. Bridged oligophenylenes are key organic semiconductors that have allowed the development of organic electronic technologies. Dihydroindenofluorenes (DHIFs) belong to the family of bridged oligophenylenes constructed on a terphenyl backbone. They have proven to be very promising building blocks for the construction of highly efficient organic semiconductors for all OE devices, namely organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), phosphorescent OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), solar cells, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-Université Rennes 1-ISCR-Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Riesebeck T, Bertrams MS, Stipurin S, Konowski K, Kerzig C, Strassner T. Cyclometalated Spirobifluorene Imidazolylidene Platinum(II) Complexes with Predominant 3LC Emissive Character and High Photoluminescence Quantum Yields. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15499-15509. [PMID: 36125339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel bidentate C^C*spiro cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes comprising a spiro-conjugated bifluorene ligand and different β-diketonate auxiliary ligands are synthesized and characterized. Their preparation employs a robust and elaborate synthetic protocol commencing with an N-heterocyclic carbene precursor. Structural characterization by means of NMR techniques and solid-state structures validate the proposed and herein presented molecular scaffolds. Photophysical studies, including laser flash photolysis methods, reveal an almost exclusively ligand-centered triplet state, governed by the C^C*spiro-NHC ligand. The high triplet energies and the long triplet lifetimes in the order of 30 μs in solution make the complexes good candidates for light-emitting diode-driven photocatalysis, as initial energy transfer experiments reveal. In-depth time-dependent density functional theory investigations are in excellent accordance with our spectroscopic findings. The title compounds are highly emissive in the bluish-green color region with quantum yields of up to 87% in solid-state measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Riesebeck
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Konowski
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofinger J, Bäumel G, Rath T, Kaschnitz P, Fischer RC, Flock M, Amenitsch H, Scharber MC, Trimmel G. Phenylene-Bridged Perylene Monoimides as Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells: A Study on the Structure-Property Relationship. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200276. [PMID: 35218252 PMCID: PMC9313791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of non-fullerene acceptors based on perylene monoimides coupled in the peri position through phenylene linkers were synthesized via Suzuki-coupling reactions. Various substitution patterns were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with experimental data to elucidate the geometry and their optical and electrochemical properties. Further investigations of the bulk properties with grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) gave insight into the stacking behavior of the acceptor thin films. Electrochemical and morphological properties correlate with the photovoltaic performance of devices with the polymeric donor PBDB-T and a maximum efficiency of 3.17 % was reached. The study gives detailed information about structure-property relationships of perylene-linker-perylene compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Jakob Hofinger
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Georg Bäumel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Petra Kaschnitz
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Michaela Flock
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Markus Clark Scharber
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Huang L, Huang Z, Zhang L, Tang Y, Wang X, He Y, Liu Z. Improving the chemical stability of blue heteroleptic iridium emitter FIrpic in the lowest triplet state through ancillary ligand modification: a theoretical perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9543-9550. [PMID: 35389412 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of providing a deeper understanding of the underlying degradation mechanisms associated with the lifetime of blue emitters during the decay process of blue PhOLEDs, quantum chemistry studies were performed to examine the chemical degradation mechanism of common sky blue emitter iridium(III)bis(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2')picolinate (FIrpic) and its derivatives with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For these Ir(III) emitters, the Ir-N1 bond between the ancillary ligand (picolinate) and central iridium will be broken by external light stimuli, which is followed by conversion from the initial emissive metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state to the non-emissive metal centered (3MC) state. The potential energy change for the photo-induced degradation path is then dominated by the energy levels of the 3MT and 3MC states, which are related to the triplet transition energy and the Ir-N1 bond strength, respectively. Thereby, the Ir-N1 bond dissociation in the lowest triplet state will be much harder to proceed if the S0 → T1 transition energy gets more energetically stable or the bond strength gets larger. It is believed that strategic modification of the ancillary ligand, especially by substitution of electron-donating groups at the para position of the pyridyl N atom or extension of the p-electron delocalization, is an effective and easy way to enhance the photochemical stability of the typical blue emitter FIrpic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Luyan Huang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Zehua Huang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Tang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Yan He
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-performance Carbon-Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma W, Bin Z, Yang G, Liu J, You J. Structurally Nontraditional Bipolar Hosts for RGB Phosphorescent OLEDs: Boosted by a "Butterfly-Shaped" Medium-Ring Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116681. [PMID: 35044716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emitting layer based on a host-guest system plays a crucial role in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). While emitters have witnessed rapid progress in structural diversity, hosts still rely heavily on traditional structures and are underdeveloped. Herein a "medium-ring" strategy has been put forward to design structurally nontraditional host molecules, which are not only rotatable enough to suppress close π-π stacking, thus reducing exciton annihilation, but also rigid enough to prevent excessive conformational flipping, thus inhibiting non-radiative decay. Accordingly, a brand-new type of bipolar hosts with a twisted "butterfly-shaped heptagonal acceptor (EtBP), which features an electron-deficient benzophenone fragment with a flexible ethylidene bridge, has been developed. With satisfactory morphological stability and well-balanced hole- and electron-transporting properties, the EtBP-based bipolar hosts enable high-performance RGB phosphorescent OLEDs with small efficiency roll-off, which are superior to those of acyclic benzophenone-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma W, Bin Z, Yang G, Liu J, You J. Structurally Nontraditional Bipolar Hosts for RGB Phosphorescent OLEDs: Boosted by a “Butterfly‐Shaped” Medium‐Ring Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song K, Li J, Liu D, Lan Y, Wu C, Liu B, Shi C. Bicarbazole-cyanopyridine based bipolar host materials for green and blue phosphorescent OLEDs: influence of the linking style between P- and N-type units. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01737g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicarbazole and cyanopyridine were used to construct bipolar host materials. Ortho-linkage generated more balanced charge transportations and sufficiently high triplet energy (3.05 eV), and finally led to high EQEs of 15.9% and 22.6% in sky-blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ying Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Botao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunlong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim MJ, Ahn M, Chae M, Kim S, Kim D, Wee KR. meta-Terphenyl linked donor-π-acceptor dyads: intramolecular charge transfer controlled by electron acceptor group tuning. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34945-34954. [PMID: 35494739 PMCID: PMC9042948 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of meta-terphenyl linked donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) dyads were prepared to understand the electronic effects of a meta-terphenyl linker according to the electron-accepting ability change. The energy band gaps of the dyads were controlled by tuning the accepting ability, which resulted in emission colors ranging from blue-green to red. In the Lippert-Mataga plots, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) behavior was observed, which showed gradually increased ICT characteristics as the accepting ability was increased. On the other hand, in the absorption spectra, a red shift of the ICT transition was observed differently from the electron-accepting ability tendency. Thus, the experimental results show that the ICT is determined by steric hindrance rather than the acceptor ability in the ground state due to the lack of π-conjugation of the terphenyl linker by the electron node in the meta-position, whereas ICT in the excited state is controlled by electron-accepting ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Daehoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Daegu University Gyeongsan 38453 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Liu Z, Yang G, Wang T, Bin Z, Lan J, Wu D, You J. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Diarylation/Annulation of Benzoic Acids: Facile Access to Multi-Aryl Spirobifluorenes as Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for High-Performance OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18852-18859. [PMID: 34160136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein disclosed is the first example of diarylation/annulation of benzoic acids via an iridium catalyst system. This protocol provides a step-economic and highly efficient pathway to 1-aryl, 1,3-diaryl, 1,7-diaryl and 1,3,7-triaryl spirobifluorenes from readily available starting materials. The applications of multi-aryl spirobifluorenes as pure hydrocarbon (PHC) hosts for red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) were explored. Due to high triplet energies, 1,3-diaryl spirobifluorenes exhibit the potential as the host material of blue PhOLEDs. 1,7-Diaryl spirobifluorene can serve as the host of green PhOLEDs. 1,3,7-Triaryl spirobifluorene is a high-performance host for red PhOLEDs, which exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 27.3 %. This work not only exemplifies the great potential of multi-aryl spirobifluorenes as PHC hosts, but also offers a new approach for the synthesis of these PHC hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luo Y, Liu Z, Yang G, Wang T, Bin Z, Lan J, Wu D, You J. Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Diarylation/Annulation of Benzoic Acids: Facile Access to Multi‐Aryl Spirobifluorenes as Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for High‐Performance OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang SS, Yang GX, Zhu JJ, He X, Jian JX, Lu F, Tong QX. Multifunctional Materials Serving as Efficient Non-Doped Violet-Blue Emitters and Host Materials for Phosphorescence. Chemistry 2021; 27:9102-9111. [PMID: 33871880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient multifunctional materials acting as violet-blue emitters, as well as host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs, are crucial but rare due to demand that they should have high first singlet state (S1 ) energy and first triplet state (T1 ) energy simultaneously. In this study, two new violet-blue bipolar fluorophores, TPA-PI-SBF and SBF-PI-SBF, were designed and synthesized by introducing the hole transporting moiety triphenylamine (TPA) and spirobifluorene (SBF) unit that has high T1 into high deep blue emission quantum yield group phenanthroimidazole (PI). As the results, the non-doped OLEDs based on TPA-PI-SBF exhibited excellent EL performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 6.76 % and a violet-blue emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) of (0.152, 0.059). The device based on SBF-PI-SBF displayed EQEmax of 6.19 % with CIE of (0.159, 0.049), which nearly matches the CIE coordinates of the violet-blue emitters standard of (0.131, 0.046). These EL performances are comparable to the best reported non-doped deep or violet-blue emissive OLEDs with CIEy<0.06 in recent years. Additionally, the green, yellow and red phosphorescent OLEDs with TPA-PI-SBF and SBF-PI-SBF as host materials achieved a high EQEmax of about 20 % and low efficiency roll-off at the ultra-high luminance of 10 000 cd m-2 . These results provided a new construction strategy for designing high-performance violet-blue emitters, as well as efficient host materials for phosphorescent OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shun Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ji Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao X, O'Connor JP, Schultz JD, Bae YJ, Lin C, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Temperature Tuning of Coherent Mixing between States Driving Singlet Fission in a Spiro-Fused Terrylenediimide Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6945-6954. [PMID: 34133180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of a spiro-fused terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) (TDI) dimer (sTDI2) in toluene and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (mTHF) were investigated as a function of temperature using femtosecond- and nanosecond-transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. The spiro conjugation and the corresponding geometry of this compound guarantee a short intermonomer distance along with a partial orbital overlap between the orthogonal TDI π-electron systems, providing electronic coupling between the TDIs. Photoexcitation of sTDI2 in toluene, a low dielectric solvent, at 295 K, results in the ultrafast formation of a state composed of a coherent mixture of singlet 1(S1S0), multiexciton 1(T1T1), and charge-transfer (CT) electronic characters. This mixed species decays to decorrelated triplet states on the nanosecond timescale, completing the process of intramolecular singlet fission (SF) in sTDI2. Upon decreasing the temperature from 295 to 200 K, the contribution of the 1(T1T1) state to the mixed species decreases concurrently with an increase in the CT state character. We attribute this behavior to the variation in the vibrational energy level alignment between the states comprising the mixture due to changes in the temperature and hence the local dielectric environment. In contrast, photoexcitation of sTDI2 in more polar mTHF at 295 K results in the formation of a mixed singlet and CT state before undergoing symmetry-breaking charge separation, owing to the increased stabilization of the CT state in the medium. However, in glassy mTHF at 85 K, photoexcited sTDI2 exhibits discernible multiexciton character, comparable to that observed in toluene at 200 K, which we rationalize by the similarity of the dielectric constants under these two sets of conditions. These observations of mixed states of varying diabatic contributions over the range of experimental conditions show that the temperature and the static dielectric constant can directly control the composition of the electronically mixed excited state of sTDI2 and thus the fate of the SF process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chenjian Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liao X, Zhou F, Bin Z, Yang Y, You J. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Dearomative Spirocyclization and C-H Annulation of Aromatic Halides with Alkynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5203-5207. [PMID: 34132559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative annulation of aryl halides with alkynes, which provides a rapid approach to a class of structurally unique spiroembedded polycyclic aromatic compounds. The cascade process is accomplished by a sequential alkyne migratory insertion, Heck-type dearomatization, and C-H bond annulation. Further optoelectronic study indicated this fused spirocyclic scaffold could be a potential host material for OLEDs, as exemplified by a fabricated red PhOLED device with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.0%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng D, Wang R, Lin JB, Yang JL, Nuryyeva S, Lin YC, Yuan S, Wang ZK, Zhang E, Xiao C, Zhu D, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhu C, Houk KN, Yang Y. Chlorinated Spiroconjugated Fused Extended Aromatics for Multifunctional Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006120. [PMID: 33586281 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new molecule, SFIC-Cl, is reported, which features enhanced π-electron delocalization by spiroconjugation and narrowed bandgap by chlorination. SFIC-Cl is integrated into a single-crystal transistor (OFET) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The material demonstrates remarkable transport abilities across various solution-processed OFETs and retains efficient radiance in a near-infrared OLED emitting light at 700 nm. Furthermore, the intermolecular multi-dimensional connection of SFIC-Cl enables the fabrication of a single-component large-area (2 × 2 cm2 ) near-infrared OLED by spin-coating. The SFIC-Cl-acceptor-based solar cell shows excellent power conversion efficiency of 10.16% resulting from the broadened and strong absorption and well-matched energy levels. The study demonstrates that chlorinated spiroconjugated fused systems offer a novel direction toward the development of high-performance organic semiconductor materials for hybrid organic electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Janice B Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Selbi Nuryyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Elizabeth Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Danlei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yepin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of New Energy and Materials China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao L, Duan C, Ding D, Liu S, Xia D, Guo Y, Xu H, Baumgarten M. Super rigid tris-spirobifluorenes: Syntheses and properties. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Reductive methylation of triphthaloylbenzene: Isolation and characterization of hexamethoxy-trinaphthylene and two unexpected trinaphthylene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Liu S, Xia D, Baumgarten M. Rigidly Fused Spiro-Conjugated π-Systems. Chempluschem 2020; 86:36-48. [PMID: 32945571 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spiro-fused π-systems have gained considerable attention for their application as semiconductors in molecular electronics. Here, a synopsis regarding recent breakthroughs in ladderized spirobifluorenes and indeno-spirobifluorenes, along with further spiro-condensed heteroatomic hydrocarbons with donor-acceptor moieties, is provided. Additionally, an extended range of rigid spirobifluorene polymers and specific doubly linked spiro-systems with partial chiral character is discussed. The diverse applications of the aforementioned structures are thoroughly evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan B, Liu L, Zheng H, Cheng T, Zhu D, Yang X, Luan X. Two-in-one strategy for fluorene-based spirocycles via Pd(0)-catalyzed spiroannulation of o-iodobiaryls with bromonaphthols. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10198-10203. [PMID: 34094284 PMCID: PMC8162402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid assembly of fluorene-based spirocycles represents a highly significant but challenging task in organic synthesis. Reported herein is a novel Pd(0)-catalyzed [4+1] spiroannulation of simple o-iodobiaryls with bromonaphthols for the one-step construction of [4,5]-spirofluorenes in high yields with excellent functional group tolerance. Noteworthily, these valuable fluorene-based coumarin skeletons can enrich the database of C-coumarins and exhibit excellent spectroscopic properties. A “two-in-one” strategy for one-step construction of fluorene-based spirocycles has been developed via Pd(0)-catalyzed spiroannulation of cross-coupling of two simple aryl halides.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Huayu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Caivano I, Tošner Z, Císařová I, Nečas D, Kotora M. A General Synthetic Approach and Photophysical Properties of Regioselectively Fluorinated [5]- and [6]-Helical Bispiroindenofluorenes. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2010-2016. [PMID: 32881370 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A first series of fluorinated [n]helical compounds (n=5 and 6) with the dihydroindenofluorene scaffold was prepared in 5 or 9 (octafluorinated dihydroindenofluorene) steps and their photophysical properties were determined. Rh-catalyzed intramolecular [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of triyndiols, which were prepared in a modular fashion from simple starting material such as fluorinated haloarylcarbaldehydes, to the intermediate [n]helical dihydroindeno[2,1-c]fluorene-5,8-diols was the crucial synthetic step and proceeded with high efficacy. Their further transformation gave the desired selectively fluorinated bispirodihydroindeno[2,1-c]fluorenes. Their absorption and emission spectra were recorded. The fluorescence quantum yields were up to 92 % and the emission maxima were red-shifted in comparison with their non-fluorinated counterparts (386-413 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caivano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- NMR Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Nečas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoshii A, Onaka Y, Ikemoto K, Izumi T, Sato S, Kita H, Taka H, Isobe H. Acyclic, Linear Oligo-meta-phenylenes as Multipotent Base Materials for Highly Efficient Single-layer Organic Light-emitting Devices. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2181-2186. [PMID: 32449831 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oligo-meta-phenylenes have been designed and synthesized as multipotent base materials of single-layer organic light-emitting devices. Simple molecular structures of oligo-meta-phenylenes composed of linear phenylene arrays benefited from the wealth of modern reactions available for biaryl couplings and were concisely synthesized in a series. Structure-performance relationship studies with the first seven congeners revealed key features important for the multipotent materials in single-layer devices. As a result, highly efficient phosphorescent electroluminescence was made possible in a highly simplified device architecture comprising one-region, single-layer configurations. Detailed investigations with hole-only devices disclosed that the hole mobility was effectively retarded by potent materials, which should facilitate hole/electron recombination for electroluminescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Yoshii
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Onaka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kita
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Hideo Taka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Konica Minolta Ishikawacho, Hachioji, 192-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Q, Lucas F, Quinton C, Qu YK, Rault-Berthelot J, Jeannin O, Yang SY, Kong FC, Kumar S, Liao LS, Poriel C, Jiang ZQ. Evolution of pure hydrocarbon hosts: simpler structure, higher performance and universal application in RGB phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4887-4894. [PMID: 34122944 PMCID: PMC8159222 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), designing high-efficiency universal host materials for red, green and blue (RGB) phosphors has been quite a challenge. To date, most of the high-efficiency universal hosts reported incorporate heteroatoms, which have a crucial role in the device performance. However, the introduction of different kinds of heterocycles increases the design complexity and cost of the target material and also creates potential instability in the device performance. In this work, we show that pure aromatic hydrocarbon hosts designed with the 9,9′-spirobifluorene scaffold are high-efficiency and versatile hosts for PhOLEDs. With external quantum efficiencies of 27.3%, 26.0% and 27.1% for RGB PhOLEDs respectively, this work not only reports the first examples of high-efficiency pure hydrocarbon materials used as hosts in RGB PhOLEDs but also the highest performance reported to date for a universal host (including heteroatom-based hosts). This work shows that the PHC design strategy is promising for the future development of the OLED industry as a high-performance and low-cost option. In this work, we propose pure hydrocarbon materials as universal hosts for high-efficiency red, green and blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Fabien Lucas
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | | | | | - Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Fan-Cheng Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Sun M, Yue S, Ou C, Ren B, Qian Y, Zhao Y, Xie L, Huang W. Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of spirofluorenexanthene-based carbazole host materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The structure–property relationship of carbazole substituted SFX derivatives at different positions for RGB PhOLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- China
| | - Shouzhen Yue
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130013
- China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Baoyi Ren
- College of Science
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- China
| | - Yan Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130013
- China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Chen X, Song D, Zhong D, Yang X, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhou G, Wu Z. Unsymmetric 2-phenylpyridine (ppy)-type cyclometalated Ir( iii) complexes bearing both 5,9-dioxa-13 b-boranaphtho[3,2,1- de]anthracene and phenylsulfonyl groups for tuning optoelectronic properties and electroluminescence abilities. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetric Ir(iii) complexes with 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene and phenylsulfonyl groups showing high EL efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Dongdong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Daokun Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Straightforward Synthesis and Properties of Highly Fluorescent [5]‐ and [7]‐Helical Dispiroindeno[2,1‐
c
]fluorenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
26
|
Kaiser RP, Nečas D, Cadart T, Gyepes R, Císařová I, Mosinger J, Pospíšil L, Kotora M. Straightforward Synthesis and Properties of Highly Fluorescent [5]‐ and [7]‐Helical Dispiroindeno[2,1‐
c
]fluorenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17169-17174. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard P. Kaiser
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - David Nečas
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Timothée Cadart
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gyepes
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Praha 8 Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nám.2 166 10 Praha 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University Albertov 6 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu X, Zhang Y, Fei X, Fung M, Fan J. Dispirocycles: Platforms for the Construction of High‐Performance Host Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2019; 25:6788-6796. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Man‐Keung Fung
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of, Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miyoshi H, Nabe A, Chatterjee S, Tobe Y. 9,10-Dihydro- as-indacenodithiophenes: Isomers with an as-Indacene Core. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3927-3939. [PMID: 30821459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two isomers of 9,10-dihydro- as-indacenodithiophenes (DIDTs) and the corresponding diketones having an as-indacene core were synthesized. Their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated, revealing that they depend on the direction of the fusion of the thiophene rings. For the DIDTs, the effect of the mode of ring fusion on the physical properties is discussed by comparison with the previously reported derivatives of DIDT isomers with an s-indacene core. The observed difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the DIDT isomers is ascribed to the efficiency of π-conjugation, which depends on α- or β-linkage between the terminal thiophenes with the central benzene ring. In addition, the effect of the peripheral aromatic ring (thiophene or benzene) is elucidated by comparison with indeno[2,1- a]fluorene (DIF) bearing an as-indacene core. The HOMO levels of DIDTs are significantly raised compared to that of structurally related DIF because of electron-donating character of the thiophene rings. For the DIDT diketones, structural effect due to the proximate carbonyl groups is discussed by comparison with the isomers with remote carbonyl groups. In diketones bearing proximate carbonyl groups, the LUMO levels are destabilized owing to antibonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen atoms, resulting in approach of the LUMO and LUMO+1 energy levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Miyoshi
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531 , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akino Nabe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531 , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center , The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Ibaraki 567-0047 , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka 560-8531 , Osaka , Japan.,Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center , The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Ibaraki 567-0047 , Osaka , Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta Hsueh Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sicard LJ, Li H, Wang Q, Liu X, Jeannin O, Rault‐Berthelot J, Liao L, Jiang Z, Poriel C. C1‐Linked Spirobifluorene Dimers: Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for High‐Performance Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong‐Cheng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft MaterialsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft MaterialsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft MaterialsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | | | | | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft MaterialsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zuo‐Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft MaterialsSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ RennesCNRS, ISCR- UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sicard LJ, Li HC, Wang Q, Liu XY, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ, Poriel C. C1-Linked Spirobifluorene Dimers: Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for High-Performance Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3848-3853. [PMID: 30762276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are C1-linked spiro-bifluorene dimers. A comprehensive study is carried out to analyze the electronic properties of these highly twisted structures. This work shows that the C1-position enables the design of pure hydrocarbon materials, with a high triplet energy, for hosting blue phosphors in efficient phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs). To date, this work describes the highest performance of blue PhOLEDs ever reported for pure hydrocarbons (external quantum efficiency of ca. 23 %), thus highlighting the potential of the C1-spirobifluorene scaffold in organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Cheng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR- UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Poriel C, Sicard L, Rault-Berthelot J. New generations of spirobifluorene regioisomers for organic electronics: tuning electronic properties with the substitution pattern. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14238-14254. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present feature article, we present the new generations of spirobifluorenes for organic electronics and we detail the impact of positional isomerism on the electronic properties and device performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR-UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang X, Liu XY, Yuan Y, Wang YJ, Li HC, Jiang ZQ, Liao LS. High-Efficiency White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Integrating Gradient Exciplex Allocation System and Novel D-Spiro-A Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29840-29847. [PMID: 30095891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
How to maintain high power efficiency (PE) and color stability under operating brightness is critical for the white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). To this end, two novel spiro-type materials STPy3 and STPy4 were designed. These materials could act as a single host and achieve a remarkable external quantum efficiency of 27.5% at 1000 cd m-2; to further optimize the PEs of OLEDs, STPy3/4 and PO-T2T were used as co-host-induced exciplexes, which enhanced the PE of green OLED to over 148.0 lm W-1. Unfortunately, the lower triplet energy level of exciplexes than blue emitters implied it is commonly unsuitable to fabricate WOLEDs. Herein, a new allocation of gradient exciplex (AGE) strategy was developed in which the formed excitons could be rationally allocated in a consequently doped nonuniform profile. The AGE incorporated the advantages of the exciplex with an ultralow turn-on voltage of 2.3 V and efficiency stability of spiro materials. The PE at 1000 cd m-2 was enhanced to 72.7 lm W-1, representing the first exciplex WOLED with the performance exceeding that of conventional fluorescent tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yong-Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Hong-Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics , Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) , Wujiang, Suzhou , Jiangsu 215211 , China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Bridged oligophenylenes are very important organic semiconductors (OSCs) in organic electronics (OE). The fluorene unit, which is a bridged biphenyl, is the spearhead of this class of materials and has, over the last 20 years, led to fantastic breakthroughs in organic light-emitting diodes. Dihydroindenofluorenes belong to the family of bridged terphenyls and can be viewed as the fusion of a fluorene unit with an indene fragment. Dihydroindenofluorenes have also appeared as very promising building blocks for OE applications. In the dihydroindenofluorene family, there are five positional isomers, with three different phenyl linkages ( para/ meta/ ortho) and two different ring bridge arrangements ( anti/ syn). We have focused on the concept of positional isomerism. Indeed, the structural differences of the dihydroindenofluorenyl cores lead to unusual electronic properties, which our group has described since 2006, thanks to the five dispirofluorene-indenofluorene positional isomers (dihydroindenofluorenes substituted on the bridges by fluorenyl units). 6,12-Dihydroindeno[1,2- b]fluorene (the para-anti isomer) is constructed on a p-terphenyl core and possesses an anti geometry. Although this isomer has been widely investigated over the last 20 years, studies of the four other isomers remain very scarce. 11,12-Dihydroindeno[2,1- a]fluorene (the para-syn isomer) is also built on a bridged p-terphenyl core but possesses a syn geometry. This particular geometry has been advantageously used by our group to drastically tune the electronic properties, and this isomer has emerged as a promising scaffold to obtain stable blue emission arising from conformationally controllable intramolecular excimers. These preliminary studies have shown the crucial influence of the geometry on the electronic properties of the dihydroindenofluorenes. Modification of the arrangement of the phenyl linkages from para to meta provides the meta isomers, namely, 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2- a]fluorene (the meta-anti isomer) and 5,7-dihydroindeno[2,1- b]fluorene (the meta-syn isomer). With these two regioisomers, the strong impacts of both the linkage and the geometry on the electronic properties have been particularly highlighted over the years. The last positional isomer of the family is 5,8-dihydroindeno[2,1- c]fluorene, which possesses a central o-terphenyl backbone and a syn geometry. This isomer is unique because of its ortho linkage, which induces a particular helicoidal turn of the dihydroindenofluorenyl core. Using a structure-property relationship approach, in the present Account we describe the molecular diversity of the five dispirofluorene-indenofluorene positional isomers and the consequences both in terms of their organic synthesis and electronic properties. This Account shows how positional isomerism can be a powerful tool to tune the electronic properties of OSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
da Cunha GP, de Matos Borges F, Dognani G, Bacarin GB, Cabrera FC, Job AE, Matos JME, Vega ML, da Cunha HN. Dielectric properties of thin films of Babassu-based polymer and polyaniline blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni P. da Cunha
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza; Teresina, PI 64049550 Brazil
| | - Fernando de Matos Borges
- Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário Min, Petrônio Portella; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza; Teresina, PI 64049550 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dognani
- Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP; Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Giovani B. Bacarin
- Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP; Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Flávio C. Cabrera
- Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP; Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Aldo E. Job
- Departamento de Física, Química e Biologia; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia FCT/UNESP; Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900 Brazil
| | - José Milton E. Matos
- Departamento de Química, Campus Universitário Min, Petrônio Portella; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza; Teresina, PI 64049550 Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Vega
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza; Teresina, PI 64049550 Brazil
| | - Helder N. da Cunha
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Natureza; Teresina, PI 64049550 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
π-Bridge Effect on Symmetric Carbazole-Based Small Molecules for Realizing Ultraviolet Fluorescent Emission. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040617. [PMID: 29673191 PMCID: PMC5951501 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetric carbazole derivatives (CzP-H, CzP-CN, CzP-Me, and CzP-OMe), which comprise electron-donating and electron-drawing groups appending on a phenyl core, was synthesized and characterized in detail. These compounds exhibit excellent thermal stabilities, with thermal decomposition temperatures exceeding 400 °C. From the fluorescent spectra in film, CzP-H, CzP-Me, and CzP-OMe showed UV to blue-violet emission, with peaks at 396 nm, 402 nm, and 392 nm, respectively. The E00 energies of CzP-H, CzP-CN, CzP-Me, and CzP-OMe were 3.39 eV, 2.83 eV, 3.50 eV, and 3.35 eV, respectively. From the electrochemical measurements, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMOs) energy levels were −5.30 eV, −5.64 eV, −5.46 eV, and −5.24 eV for CzP-H, CzP-CN, CzP-Me, and CzP-OMe, respectively. Through calculations from HOMO energy levels and E00 energies, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMOs) energy levels of CzP-H, CzP-CN, CzP-Me, and CzP-OMe were −1.91 eV, −2.81 eV, −1.96 eV, and −1.89 eV, respectively. Therefore, the introduction of different substitutes in phenyl cores would distinctly affect the photophysical properties. These results indicate that the prepared carbazole derivatives could be potential candidates for realizing ultraviolet or blue-violet emission.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen WC, Yuan Y, Zhu ZL, Jiang ZQ, Su SJ, Liao LS, Lee CS. De novo design of D-σ-A molecules as universal hosts for monochrome and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4062-4070. [PMID: 29780535 PMCID: PMC5935058 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00282g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel D–σ–A molecules were developed as single hosts to achieve high performances in monochrome and white organic light-emitting diodes.
Two novel D–σ–A host materials 11,11-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-11H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]indole (BII–BCz) and 4,4′-(11H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]indole-11,11-diyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (BII–TPA) are synthesized by using the sp3 carbon attached to a newly designed 11H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]indole building block to link two electron-donating groups. The resulting materials feature high triplet energy levels, good thermal properties and suitable photophysical properties as universal hosts for full-color phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Both BII–BCz and BII–TPA reveal excellent performances in blue, green, yellow, orange and red phosphorescent OLEDs with the same device structure. The employment of the new D–σ–A materials as single hosts in white OLEDs with a simple device structure allows us to achieve state-of-the-art performances. A single-emissive-layer white device based on BII–BCz demonstrates the highest performance with an external quantum efficiency up to 28.2% at 1000 cd m–2. Furthermore, this device displays extremely stable emission spectra, with a ΔCIE of only (0.009, 0.005) from 1000 to 10 000 cd m–2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) , Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , Guangdong , PR China .
| | - Yi Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (Nano-CIC) , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China .
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) , Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , Guangdong , PR China .
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (Nano-CIC) , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China .
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , PR China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (Nano-CIC) , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China .
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) , Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , Guangdong , PR China .
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mandal M, Balamurugan R. Triflic acid-Mediated Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[a
]fluorenes and Fluorescent Benzo[a
]fluorenones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Gachibowli Hyderabad- 500046 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu XY, Tang X, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Fan J, Liao LS. Dispiro and Propellane: Novel Molecular Platforms for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1925-1932. [PMID: 29271187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of spatially oriented aromatic motifs in rigid molecular platforms is of great interest for the design of organic electronic materials. These structures can create unusual packing patterns and charge transport properties in the solid state which are not possible for simple planar structures. Herein, we showed that the novel dispiro and propellane motifs were successfully used as robust molecular platforms for the construction of host materials (TPA, Cz, SF, and SO). The propellane derivative with three functional groups arranged in the staggered conformation was studied for the first time as the host for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The green and red phosphorescent OLEDs hosted by these dispiro and propellane derivatives exhibited excellent electroluminescence performance. Particularly, the red OLED hosted by the propellane-type SF achieved maximum efficiencies of 47.3 cd A-1, 40.2 lm W-1, and 26.6% and 97.6 cd A-1, 77.8 lm W-1, and 27.0% for the green OLED without any light out-coupling enhancement. These results suggest that the dispiro and propellane molecular platforms have great potential in the construction of OLED materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danli Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), JITRI , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215212, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics (IOO), JITRI , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215212, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barboza CA, Bast R, Barboza E, MacLeod-Carey D, Arratia-Perez R. Magnetically induced current density using London atomic orbitals of dihydroindeno-[1,2- b]-fluorenes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the substitution effect over the aromaticity of dihydroindeno-[1,2-b]-fluorene, through magnetically induced current and NICSzz calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radovan Bast
- High Performance Computing Group
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Tromsø 9037
- Norway
| | - Ezequiel Barboza
- CCET
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR
- Curitiba
- Brazil
| | - Desmond MacLeod-Carey
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Inorganic Chemistry and Molecular Materials Center
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- San Miguel
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Perez
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Center for Applied Nanosciences (CANS)
- Doctorado de Fisicoquímica Molecular
- ReMoPh Group
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ohisa S, Karasawa T, Watanabe Y, Ohsawa T, Pu YJ, Koganezawa T, Sasabe H, Kido J. A Series of Lithium Pyridyl Phenolate Complexes with a Pendant Pyridyl Group for Electron-Injection Layers in Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40541-40548. [PMID: 29111651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a new series of lithium pyridyl phenolate complexes with a pendant pyridyl group, Li2BPP, Li3BPP, and Li4BPP, in which the pendant pyridines are substituted at the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions, respectively. The most important difference between these complexes is their molecular planarity; Li3BPP and Li4BPP adopt twisted bipyridine structures, whereas Li2BPP adopts a planar structure owing to the steric hindrance and chelating effect of bipyridine on the Li core. The planar structure leads to crystallization through π-π stacking interactions, and the small differences in the molecular structures of the pendant pyridine rings cause drastic differences in the physical properties of thin solid films of these complexes. We applied these complexes as electron-injection layers (EILs) in Ir(ppy)3-based organic light-emitting devices. When thin EILs were used, Li3BPP and Li4BPP afforded lower driving voltages than Li2BPP; the order of the driving voltages followed the order of their electron affinity values. Moreover, the dependence of driving voltage on the EIL thickness was investigated for each complex. Among the three LiBPP derivatives, Li2BPP-based devices showed almost negligible EIL thickness dependence, which may be attributable to the high crystallinity of Li2BPP. All LiBPP-based devices also showed higher stability than conventional 8-quinolinolato lithium-based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peltier JD, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C. Modulating the Physical and Electronic Properties over Positional Isomerism: The Dispirofluorene-Dihydroindacenodithiophene (DSF-IDT) Family. Chemistry 2017; 23:17290-17303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2 France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504; CNRS-Université de Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 43 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2 France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- UMR CNRS 6226-ISCR; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes cedex France
| | | | - Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-ISCR; Université de Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gao G, Liang N, Geng H, Jiang W, Fu H, Feng J, Hou J, Feng X, Wang Z. Spiro-Fused Perylene Diimide Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15914-15920. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Gao
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Ningning Liang
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hua Geng
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Huiting Fu
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiajing Feng
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- CAS
Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute
of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dhangar G, Serrano JL, Schulzke C, Gunturu KC, Kapdi AR. Palladacycle-Catalyzed Triple Suzuki Coupling Strategy for the Synthesis of Anthracene-Based OLED Emitters. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3144-3156. [PMID: 31457644 PMCID: PMC6641170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of the site-selective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of dibromoanthracene as an efficient strategy toward organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is disclosed in this article. An unprecedented step-economic palladacycle-promoted triple Suzuki coupling protocol allowed the synthesis of three new OLED emitters and could prove to be a useful general strategy for researchers working in this field. Characterization of the synthesized molecules by UV-vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry followed by density functional theory studies of the different properties strongly confirms the derivatives possess more significant hole mobility character than electron transfer capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Dhangar
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Road,
Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jose Luis Serrano
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Minera, Geológica y Cartográfica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Área de Química Inorgánica,
Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut
für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität
Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße
4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Road,
Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Beaudoin D, Blair-Pereira JN, Langis-Barsetti S, Maris T, Wuest JD. Predictably Ordered Open Hydrogen-Bonded Networks Built from Indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8536-8547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beaudoin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | | | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Frederickson CK, Rose BD, Haley MM. Explorations of the Indenofluorenes and Expanded Quinoidal Analogues. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:977-987. [PMID: 28207235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly conjugated hydrocarbons have attracted interest for use as active materials in electronic devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic photovoltaics (OPV). In this Account, we review our progress in synthesizing and studying a new class of small molecules for potential use as organic semiconductors. The idea originated from prior research on octadehydrodibenz[12]annulene, as the system can undergo double transannular cyclization to yield the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene skeleton. Subsequent functionalization afforded the first stable, well-characterized indeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives, albeit in minute quantities (tens of milligrams). The preparation of these formally antiaromatic compounds has since been optimized: the new synthetic routes utilize inexpensive starting materials, involve robust and high-yielding transformations, and are amenable to considerably larger scale reaction. We have since researched the chemical space of indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes and related quinoidal structures by substitution with a number of functional groups and by permutation of the indenofluorene scaffold. These modifications have allowed us to explore fundamental concepts such as biradical character and antiaromaticity, important considerations when tuning electronic properties to yield functional organic materials. Altering the outer rings by exchange of carbocycles for heterocycles or by inclusion of additional rings as part of the fully conjugated skeleton is one strategy we have examined. Fusing these different aryl groups to s-indacene revealed a dependence of the antiaromaticity of the indacene core upon the outer group. Computational analysis of a series of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives uncovered an array of different levels of antiaromaticity in the core of the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives, with one of the benzothiophene derivatives calculated to be as antiaromatic as the parent s-indacene itself. Conversely, we have prepared compounds with expanded cores, starting with the naphthalene-based fluoreno[4,3-c]fluorene, which was produced through a similar route as the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene, using a dione as the key intermediate. Similar to indeno[1,2-b]fluorene, fluoreno[4,3-c]fluorene showed a closed shell ground state, with no evidence of open shell character even upon heating to 170 °C. Increasing the size of the quinoidal core to three rings afforded a diindeno[b,i]anthracene (DIAn) derivative, a compound with a much more complex electronic picture. To produce DIAn, a new synthetic route was devised involving a Friedel-Crafts alkylation to form the five-membered ring and a DDQ oxidation to produce the final compound. DIAn displayed NMR signals that were broadened at room temperature and disappeared when heated, indicative of a molecule with significant biradical character. Extensive computational and experimental investigation verified the controllable expression of its biradical character, with DIAn best described with a ground state that lies between a closed shell compound and a open-shell singlet biradical, with ready access to a thermally populated triplet state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conerd K. Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Bradley D. Rose
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sicard L, Quinton C, Peltier JD, Tondelier D, Geffroy B, Biapo U, Métivier R, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Poriel C. Spirobifluorene Regioisomerism: A Structure-Property Relationship Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:7719-7727. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Sicard
- UMR CNRS 6226-; Université Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes France
| | | | | | - Denis Tondelier
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Université Paris Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Université Paris Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Urelle Biapo
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique; Université Paris Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-; Université Rennes 1; 35042 Rennes France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peltier JD, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Rault-Berthelot J, Jacques E, Poriel C. Electron-Deficient Dihydroindaceno-Dithiophene Regioisomers for n-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8219-8232. [PMID: 28192671 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we wish to report the first member of a new family of organic semiconductors constructed on a meta dihydroindacenodithiophene core, that is, 2,2'-(2,8-dihexyl-4,6-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:7,6-b']dithiophene-4,6-diylidene)dimalononitrile (called meta-IDT(═C(CN)2)2). The properties of this molecule were studied in detail through a structure-properties relationship study with its regioisomer, that is, 2,2'-(2,7-dihexyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-4,9-diylidene)dimalononitrile (para-IDT(═C(CN)2)2) (see isomer structures in blue in Chart 2). The influence of the bridge functionalization was also investigated by comparison with their diketone analogues meta-IDT(═O)2 and para-IDT(═O)2. This study sheds light on the impact of regioisomerism on the electronic properties at the molecular level (electrochemistry, absorption spectroscopy, molecular modeling) and also on the supramolecular arrangement, and finally on the organic field-effect transistors (OFET) performances and stabilities. The significant effect of self-assembled monolayers of 4-(dimethylamino)benzenethiol grafted on the gold drain and source electrodes or of the use of flexible substrate (polyethylene naphtalate) instead of glass on the OFET performances and stabilities are also reported. In the light of these results (maximum mobility reaching 7.1 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 cm-1, high IDon/IDoff of 2.3 × 107, and subthreshold swing of 1.2 V/dec), we believe that the present OFETs can be further used to construct electronic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Peltier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Joëlle Rault-Berthelot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacques
- Institut d'Électronique et des Télécommunications de Rennes, Département Microélectronique & Microcapteurs, UMR CNRS 6164 , Bât.11B, Université Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Équipe Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, UMR CNRS 6226 , Bât.10C, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Islam N, Lone IH. Computational Studies on Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Properties of Octaphyrin Derivatives. Front Chem 2017; 5:11. [PMID: 28321394 PMCID: PMC5338300 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of octaphyrin derivatives were studied by employing the DFT/TDFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of the theory. Thiophene, phenyl, methyl and cyano moieties were substituted on the molecular framework of octaphyrin core, in order to observe the change in optoelectronic and nonlinear response of these systems. The frontier molecular orbital studies and values of electron affinity reveals that the studied compounds are stable against the oxygen and moisture present in air. The calculated ionization energies, adiabatic electron affinity and reorganization energy values indicate that octaphyrin derivatives can be employed as effective n-type material for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). This character shows an enhancement with the introduction of an electron withdrawing group in the octaphyrin framework. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability values of octaphyrin derivatives demonstrate that they are good candidates for NLO devices. The nonlinear response of these systems shows enhancement on the introduction of electron donating groups on octaphyrin moiety. However, these claims needs further experimental verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Irfan H Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Kupwara, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kharchenko VI, Kurbatov IA, Cherednichenko AI, Mirochnik AG, Zhikhareva PA. Electronic structure and spectral properties of terbium(III) nitrate complex with hexamethylphosphoramide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 174:297-300. [PMID: 27978448 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectral properties of terbium(III) nitrate complex with hexamethylphosphoramide have been studied by quantum-chemical methods within the density functional theory and methods of luminescent and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of the luminescence excitation spectrum of the complex has indicated the absence of intramolecular transfer of electronic excitation energy from the ligand levels to the resonance levels of the rare earth central ion, so luminescence of the complex is associated with the electronic f-f-transitions of Tb3+ ion (transitions 5D4→7FJ, J=3-6). According to quantum-chemical modeling of the excited singlet and triplet levels of the complex, the excitation energy transfer from the ligands onto the central ion does not occur because of the significant difference of energies of their excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerii I Kharchenko
- Department of Research and Innovations, Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia; Laboratory of Electronic Structure and Quantum-Chemical Modeling, Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Ilya A Kurbatov
- Department of Research and Innovations, Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Alexander I Cherednichenko
- Department of Research and Innovations, Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia; Laboratory of Electronic Structure and Quantum-Chemical Modeling, Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Anatoly G Mirochnik
- Laboratory of Light-Transforming Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Polina A Zhikhareva
- Laboratory of Light-Transforming Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ueki M, Kimura Y, Yamamoto Y, Nishida JI, Kitamura C, Tanaka M, Ikeda H, Kawase T. 3,14-Bis(4-formylphenyl)-17,17-di(n-pentyl)tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fluorene showing solvatochromism and crystallochromism in fluorescence. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|