1
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Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Ding Y, Hu Y, Liu R, Zhang Z, Qiu YF, Lei J. DFT study of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes: mechanism exploration and theoretical prediction. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39037724 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00941j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic synthesis methods initiated by visible light have received increasing attention from synthetic chemists. Reactions initiated by EDA complexes do not require the use of toxic or expensive photoredox catalysts, unlike traditional photoreaction processes. However, this kind of reaction requires a particular structure for the substrate, so it is important to study the detailed and systematic reaction mechanism for its design. EDA complexes of substituted 1H-indole and substituted benzyl bromide derivatives were studied by density functional theory (DFT). The difference between EDA complexes with substituents of different kinds and locations were compared by theoretical study and a new EDA complex was predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yating Ding
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yansong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Runzhang Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yi-Feng Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 967 East Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Junqiang Lei
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhou C, Ji D, Wang X, Yang C, Zhou P, Huo C. Decyanative Heteroarylations of Glycine Derivatives. Org Lett 2024; 26:5323-5328. [PMID: 38885186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids and aromatic nitrogen heterocycles are widely used in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we present an effective visible-light-driven thiobenzoic acid (TBA)-catalyzed decyanative C(sp3)-H heteroarylation of glycine derivatives. This process occurs under mild and straightforward conditions, affording a range of valuable yet challenging-to-obtain α-heteroaryl amino acid derivatives. Moreover, this organocatalytic C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation reaction is applicable to the late-stage modification of various short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Zhou
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Pengxin Zhou
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials; Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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3
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Huang XL, Zhang DL, Li Q, Xie ZB, Le ZG, Zhu ZQ. Visible-Light-Induced C-H Cyanoalkylation of Azauracils with Cycloketone Oxime Esters via Catalytic EDA Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:3727-3732. [PMID: 38678575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoexcitation electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes provide an effective approach to produce radicals under mild conditions, while the catalytic version of EDA complex photoactivation remains scarce. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic pathway for the cyanoalkylation of azauracils using inexpensive and readily available 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a catalytic electron donor. This synthetic method exhibits exceptional compatibility with various functional groups and presents 34 examples in high yields. The efficient cyanoalkylation offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route toward enhancing the structural and functional diversity of azauracils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zong-Bo Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhang-Gao Le
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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4
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Wu M, Saya JM, Han P, Walia R, Pradhan B, Honing M, Ranjan P, Orru RVA. Shining light on tryptamine-derived isocyanides: access to constrained spirocylic scaffolds. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6867-6873. [PMID: 38725510 PMCID: PMC11077512 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dearomatization of indoles through a charge transfer complex constitutes a powerful tool for synthesizing three-dimensional constrained structures. However, the implementation of this strategy for the dearomatization of tryptamine-derived isocyanides to generate spirocyclic scaffolds remains underdeveloped. In this work, we have demonstrated the ability of tryptamine-derived isocyanides to form aggregates at higher concentration, enabling a single electron transfer step to generate carbon-based-radical intermediates. Optical, HRMS and computational studies have elucidated key aspects associated with the photophysical properties of tryptamine-derived isocyanides. The developed protocol is operationally simple, robust and demonstrates a novel approach to generate conformationally constrained spirocyclic scaffolds, compounds with high demand in various fields, including drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Jordy M Saya
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Peiliang Han
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Maarten Honing
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4i), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 50 6229 ER Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Prabhat Ranjan
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
| | - Romano V A Orru
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University Urmonderbaan 22 6167 RD Geleen The Netherlands
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5
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Zhang DL, Le ZG, Li Q, Xie ZB, Yang WW, Zhu ZQ. Visible-light-driven EDA complex-promoted cascade cyclization to construct 4-cyanoalkyl isoquinoline-1,3-diones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2958-2961. [PMID: 38375889 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced EDA complex-promoted ring-opening of cycloketone oxime esters to synthesise various cyanoalkylated products with N-methacryloyl benzamides was developed. Various radical receptors were compatible with the current reaction system to furnish diverse heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic analysis shows that the formation of an EDA complex was crucial to the photocatalytic strategy. Importantly, 4-cyanoalkyl isoquinoline-1,3-diones were obtained in high yields by using a catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) through prolonging the reaction time, which provided a practical approach to give a variety of isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhang-Gao Le
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zong-Bo Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Wen-Wen Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
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6
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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7
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Zhang QL, Sun B, Ji G, Zhang G, Zhang FL. An Expanded EDA Complex Profile: Construction of Aza-arenes and Their Synthetic Application as Fluorescence Probes. Org Lett 2024; 26:110-115. [PMID: 38157221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We developed a visible-light-driven expanded EDA complex profile for the synthesis of aza-arenes via aza-6π electrocyclization of 2-styrylanilines with aromatic aldehydes. This protocol relies on the EDA complexes of AlCl3 with imine to induce the absorption red-shift to visible light from ultraviolet light. An array of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines were constructed smoothly after excitation with blue-light-emitting diodes at room temperature. In addition, the resultant product, used as a cell permeable lipid droplet-specific probe, shows a low working concentration, a short staining time, and functionality in living and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Liang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guanchang Ji
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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8
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Roy VJ, Chakraborty J, Raha Roy S. Catalytic π-π Interactions Triggered Photoinduced Synthesis of Biaryls. Org Lett 2024; 26:183-187. [PMID: 38169322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A highly regioselective photocatalytic method to access a variety of biaryl motifs under metal-free conditions has been developed. The organophotocatalyst is involved in π-π stacking interactions with the alkyne species, which promotes this photocatalytic process with thiophene. Mechanistic studies have shed light on these interactions and the overall process. Along with a broad functional-group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity, this protocol has been utilized in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Janardan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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9
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Pramanik S, Mondal PP, Maity S. Organo-photoredox-Catalyzed Selective Mono- and Bis-C-H Alkylation of Electron-Rich (Hetero)Arenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15256-15269. [PMID: 37823605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a simple strategy for the C-H alkylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes with alkyl bromides employing visible-light-mediated organo-photocatalytic SET processes. The generality of this method has been evidenced by the inclusion of a variety of alkyl radicals (α-alkyl-carbonyl, benzyl, cyanomethyl) as well as diverse biologically active electron-rich arenes and (hetero)arenes under mild conditions. The extent of alkylation with alkyl bromides was found to be controlled by introducing Zn(OAc)2 as a bromide scavenger, ensuring the blocking of potential bromo-arene byproduct formation under photoredox conditions. In addition, a sequential C-H alkylation strategy for selective bis-alkylation has also been developed via chronological incorporation of different alkyl radical precursors in one pot quite efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Partha Pratim Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Soumitra Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
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10
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Zhang XX, Zheng H, Mei YK, Liu Y, Liu YY, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Photo-induced imino functionalizations of alkenes via intermolecular charge transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11170-11179. [PMID: 37860665 PMCID: PMC10583702 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03667g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free photosensitized strategy has been developed for regioselective imino functionalizations of alkenes via the formation of an EDA complex. This photo-induced protocol facilitates the construction of structurally diverse β-imino sulfones and vinyl sulfones in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with an intermolecular charge transfer between oximes and sulfinates, followed by fragmentation to generate a persistent iminyl radical and transient sulfonyl radical. This catalyst-free protocol also features excellent regioselectivity, broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. The late stage functionalization of natural product derived compounds and total synthesis of some bioactive molecules have been demonstrated to highlight the utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, the compatibility of different donors has proved the generality of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China http://www.lbcs.dicp.ac.cn
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Fu J, Nakata Y, Itoh H, Panthee S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Molecular Editing Enhances Oxidation Resistance of Menaquinone-Targeting Antibiotics Lysocin E and WAP-8294A2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301224. [PMID: 37328428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysocin E (1 a) and WAP-8294A2 (2 a) are peptidic natural products with 37- and 40-membered macrocycles, respectively. Compounds 1 a and 2 a have potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and share a unique mode of action. The electron-rich indole ring of d-Trp-10 of 1 a and 2 a interacts with the electron-deficient benzoquinone ring of menaquinone, which is a co-enzyme in the bacterial respiratory chain. Formation of the electron-donor-acceptor complex causes membrane disruption, leading to cell death. Despite the promising activities of 1 a and 2 a, the susceptibility of Trp-10 to oxidative degradation potentially deters the development of these compounds as antibacterial drugs. To address this issue, we replaced the indole ring with more oxidation-resistant aromatics having a similar shape and electron-rich character. Specifically, analogues with benzofuran (1 b/2 b), benzothiophene (1 c/2 c), and 1-naphthalene (1 d/2 d) rings were designed, and chemically prepared by full solid-phase total syntheses. Antibacterial assays of the six analogues revealed similar activities of 1 d/2 d and markedly reduced activities of 1 b/2 b and 1 c/2 c compared with 1 a/2 a. Equipotent 1 d and 2 d both showed high resistance to oxidation by peroxyl radicals. Hence, the present study demonstrates a new molecular editing strategy for conferring oxidation stability on natural products with pharmacologically useful functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Fu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- GenEndeavor LLC, 26219 Eden Landing Rd, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Gallego-Gamo A, Reyes-Mesa D, Guinart-Guillem A, Pleixats R, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Site-selective and metal-free C-H phosphonation of arenes via photoactivation of thianthrenium salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23359-23364. [PMID: 37559697 PMCID: PMC10407877 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl phosphonates are prevalent moieties in medicinal chemistry and agrochemicals. Their chemical synthesis normally relies on the use of precious metals, harsh conditions or aryl halides as substrates. Herein, we describe a sustainable light-promoted and site-selective C-H phosphonation of arenes via thianthrenation and the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex (EDA) as key steps. The method tolerates a wide range of functional groups including biomolecules. The use of sunlight also promotes this transformation and our mechanistic investigations support a radical chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Reyes-Mesa
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Axel Guinart-Guillem
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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13
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Mateos J, Rigodanza F, Costa P, Natali M, Vega-Peñaloza A, Fresch E, Collini E, Bonchio M, Sartorel A, Dell'Amico L. Unveiling the impact of the light-source and steric factors on [2+2] heterocycloaddition reactions. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2023; 962:26-36. [PMID: 37325160 PMCID: PMC7614650 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Information gained from in-depth mechanistic investigations can be used to control the selectivity of reactions, leading to the expansion of the generality of synthetic processes and the discovery of new reactivity. Here, we investigate the mechanism of light-driven [2+2] heterocycloadditions (Paternò-Büchi reactions) between indoles and ketones to develop insight into these processes. Using ground-state UV-Vis absorption and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), together with DFT calculations, we found that the reactions can proceed via an exciplex or electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, which are key intermediates in determining the stereoselectivity of the reactions. We used this discovery to control the diastereoselectivity of the reactions, gaining access to previously inaccessible diastereoisomeric variants. When moving from 370 to 456 nm irradiation, the EDA complex is increasingly favoured, and the diastereomeric ratio (d.r.) of the product moves from >99:<1 to 47:53. In contrast, switching from methyl to ipropyl substitution favours the exciplex intermediate, reversing the d.r. from 89:11 to 16:84. Our study shows how light and steric parameters can be rationally used to control the diastereoselectivity of photoreactions, creating mechanistic pathways to previously inaccessible stereochemical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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Zhao X, Yu X, Liu M, Huo Y, Ji S, Li X, Chen Q. Direct Benzylic C-H Functionalization with Fluorenones under Visible-Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2612-2620. [PMID: 36725672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An external photocatalyst-free benzylic C-H functionalization with fluorenones under visible-light irradiation has been achieved. This transformation provides an efficient synthetic approach to 9-benzylated fluorenols in ≤91% yield with 100% atom economy under mild conditions. Spectroscopic studies suggest that a reductive quenching of photoexcited fluorenones with toluene derivatives generates ketyl radicals and benzyl radicals, which undergo a cross-coupling to afford the desired fluorenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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15
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Tian YM, Hofmann E, Silva W, Pu X, Touraud D, Gschwind RM, Kunz W, König B. Enforced Electronic-Donor-Acceptor Complex Formation in Water for Photochemical Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218775. [PMID: 36735337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The amino alcohol meglumine solubilizes organic compounds in water and enforces the formation of electron donor acceptor (EDA) complexes of haloarenes with indoles, anilines, anisoles or thiols, which are not observed in organic solvents. UV-A photoinduced electron transfer within the EDA complexes induces the mesolytic cleavage of the halide ion and radical recombination of the arenes leading, after rearomatization and proton loss to C-C or C-S coupling products. Depending on the substitution pattern selective and unique cross-couplings are observed. UV and NMR measurements reveal the importance of the assembly for the photoinduced reaction. Enforced EDA aggregate formation in water allows new activation modes for organic photochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Evamaria Hofmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wagner Silva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xiang Pu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Didier Touraud
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Herrera-Luna JC, Pérez-Aguilar MC, Gerken L, García Mancheño O, Consuelo Jiménez M, Pérez-Ruiz R. Effective Formation of New C(sp 2 )-S Bonds via Photoactivation of Alkylamine-based Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203353. [PMID: 36314234 PMCID: PMC10107790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel visible light promoted formation of CAryl- S bonds through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes of alkylamines with 5- and 6-membered (hetero)arene halides is presented. This represents the first EDA-based thiolation method not relying on π-π or a thiolate-anion-π interactions and provides a facile access to heteroarene radicals, which can be suitably trapped by disulfide derivatives to form the corresponding versatile arylsulfides. Mechanistic investigations on the aspects of the whole process were conducted by spectroscopic measurements, demonstrating the hypothesized EDA complex formation. Moreover, the strength of this method has been proven by a gram-scale synthesis of thiolated products and the late-stage derivatization of an anticoagulant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C Herrera-Luna
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camí de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Leon Gerken
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camí de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camí de Vera S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Meier A, Badalov SV, Biktagirov T, Schmidt WG, Wilhelm R. Diquat Based Dyes: A New Class of Photoredox Catalysts and Their Use in Aerobic Thiocyanation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203541. [PMID: 36700523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of new organic donor-π-acceptor dyes incorporating a diquat moiety as a novel electron-acceptor unit have been synthesized and characterized. The analytical data were supported by DFT calculations. These dyes were explored in the aerobic thiocyanation of indoles and pyrroles. Here they showed a high photocatalytic activity under visible light, giving isolated yields of up to 97 %. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of standalone diquat and methyl viologen through formation of an electron donor acceptor complex is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sabuhi V Badalov
- Lehrtuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Timur Biktagirov
- Lehrtuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Lehrtuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, 33095, Paderborn, Germany
| | - René Wilhelm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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18
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Mamone M, Gentile G, Dosso J, Prato M, Filippini G. Direct C2-H alkylation of indoles driven by the photochemical activity of halogen-bonded complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:575-581. [PMID: 37153645 PMCID: PMC10155616 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A light-driven metal-free protocol for the synthesis of sulfone-containing indoles under mild conditions is reported. Specifically, the process is driven by the photochemical activity of halogen-bonded complexes formed upon complexation of a sacrificial donor, namely 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), with α-iodosulfones. The reaction provides a variety of densely functionalized products in good yields (up to 96% yield). Mechanistic investigations are reported. These studies provide convincing evidences for the photochemical formation of reactive open-shell species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mamone
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo Dosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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19
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Wang C, Song S, Chen Z, Shen D, Wang Z, Zhou J, Guo J, Li J. Phototriggered Self-Catalyzed Three-Component Minisci Reaction: A Route to β-C(sp 3) Heteroarylated Alcohols/Ethers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16794-16806. [PMID: 36427193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a visible-light-triggered photocatalyst-free radical cascade Minisci reaction of heteroarenes, alkenes, and water/alcohols to obtain diverse β-C(sp3) heteroarylated alcohols/ethers has been developed. Achieved under mild and simple conditions, this protocol is scalable and features broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the heteroarene can be served as a photocatalyst to engage single-electron transfer with persulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaodong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dengjian Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Taizhou Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Taizhou 318000, P. R. China
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20
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Liu H, Fan X, Hu J, Ma T, Wang F, Yang J, Li D. Visible-Light-Enabled Ph 3P/LiI-Promoted Tandem Radical Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization/Iodination of 1,6-Enynes with Togni's Reagent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12877-12889. [PMID: 36074642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the visible-light-induced Ph3P/LiI-promoted intermolecular cascade trifluoromethyl radical addition/5-exo-dig cyclization/iodination of 1,6-enynes with Togni's reagent using LiI as the iodine source without the need of the transition metal, oxidant, and base. This reaction promises to be a useful method for the preparation of trifluoromethyl-substituted and vinyl C-I bond-containing pyrrolidines and benzofuran products with good regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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21
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Gao J, Ye ZP, Liu YF, He XC, Guan JP, Liu F, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Visible-Light-Promoted Cross-Coupling of O-Aryl Oximes and Nitrostyrenes to Access Cyanoalkylated Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4640-4644. [PMID: 35729079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced, photocatalyst-free cyanoalkylation of nitrostyenes was explored, affording a series of cyanoalkylated alkenes in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies reveal that an electron donor-acceptor complex formed between O-aryl oximes and DIPEA is presumably involved in this process. The excellent functional group compatibility of this newly designed synthetic protocol allows for cyanoalkylation of structurally varied substrates, which offers an eco-friendly pathway for the assembly of cyanoalkylated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
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22
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Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Granados A, Molander GA. Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation Using Thianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202706. [PMID: 35294095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfides has been widely studied because this functional subunit is prevalent in biomolecules and pharmaceuticals, as well as being a useful synthetic platform for further elaboration. Thus, various methods to build C-S bonds have been developed, but typically they require the use of precious metals or harsh conditions. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photoactivation strategies have emerged as versatile and sustainable ways to achieve C-S bond formation, avoiding challenges associated with previous methods. This work describes an open-to-air, photoinduced, site-selective C-H thioetherification from readily available reagents via EDA complex formation that tolerates a wide range of different functional groups. Moreover, C(sp2 )-halogen bonds remain intact using this protocol, allowing late-stage installation of the sulfide motif in various bioactive scaffolds, while allowing yet further modification through more traditional C-X bond cleavage protocols. Additionally, various mechanistic investigations support the envisioned EDA complex scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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23
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Sharique M, Majhi J, Dhungana RK, Kammer LM, Krumb M, Lipp A, Romero E, Molander GA. A practical and sustainable two-component Minisci alkylation via photo-induced EDA-complex activation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5701-5706. [PMID: 35694363 PMCID: PMC9116295 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01363k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple, open-air, and efficient light-mediated Minisci C-H alkylation method is described, based on the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between nitrogen-containing heterocycles and redox-active esters. In contrast to previously reported protocols, this method does not require a photocatalyst, an external single electron transfer agent, or an oxidant additive. Achieved under mildly acidic and open-air conditions, the reaction incorporates primary-, secondary-, and tertiary radicals, including bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) radicals, along with various heterocycles to generate Minisci alkylation products in moderate to good yields. Additionally, the method is exploited to generate a stereo-enriched, hetereoaryl-substituted carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Roshan K Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Eugénie Romero
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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24
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Zhou W, Wu S, Melchiorre P. Tetrachlorophthalimides as Organocatalytic Acceptors for Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8914-8919. [PMID: 35549337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excitation of photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes is an effective way to generate radicals. Applications in a catalytic regime typically use catalytic donors. Herein, we report that readily available electron-poor tetrachlorophthalimides can act as effective organocatalytic acceptors to trigger the formation of EDA complexes with a variety of radical precursors not amenable to previous catalytic methods. Excitation with visible light generates carbon radicals under mild conditions. The versatility of this EDA complex catalytic platform allowed us to develop mechanistically distinct radical reactions, including in combination with a cobalt-based catalytic system. Quantum yield measurements established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational, which hints at the ability of tetrachlorophthalimides to readily turn over and govern each catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- ICIQ─Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Shuo Wu
- ICIQ─Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ─Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Granados A, Molander G. Sustainable Thioetherification via Electron Donor‐Acceptor Photoactivation using Thianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Granados
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Gary Molander
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry 231 South 34th Street 19104-6323 Philadelphia UNITED STATES
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26
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Long T, Pan S, Zhu S, Chu L. Catalyst‐Free Intermolecular Sulfonyl/Fluoromethyl Heteroarylation of Vinyl Ethers via Visible‐Light‐Induced Charge Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104080. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Long
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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27
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Pan X, Liu Q, Nong Y. 2-Alkylation of 3-Alkyindoles With Unactivated Alkenes. Front Chem 2022; 10:860764. [PMID: 35281568 PMCID: PMC8907451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.860764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-catalyzed 2-alkylation of indole molecules is developed. Only catalytic amount of the commercially available, inexpensive and traceless HI is used as the sole reaction promoter. 2,3-Disubstituted indole molecules bearing congested tertiary carbon centers are afforded as the final products in moderate to excellent yields.
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28
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Runemark A, Sundén H. Aerobic Oxidative EDA Catalysis: Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Using an Organocatalytic EDA Active Acceptor. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1457-1469. [PMID: 35005960 PMCID: PMC8790759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex for the visible-light-driven annulation reaction between activated alkenes and N,N-substituted dialkyl anilines is reported. The key photoactive complex is formed in situ between dialkylated anilines as donors and 1,2-dibenzoylethylene as a catalytic acceptor. The catalytic acceptor is regenerated by aerobic oxidation. Investigations into the mechanism are provided, revealing a rare example of a catalytic acceptor in photoactive EDA complexes that can give access to selective functionalization of aromatic amines under mild photochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Runemark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemistry
and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Zhou Q, Sun CG, Liu X, Li X, Shao Z, Tan K, Shen Y. Electron donor–acceptor complex-catalyzed photoredox reactions mediated by DIPEA and inorganic carbonates. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DIPEA–NHPI ester–inorganic carbonate catalytic EDA complex is reported as an efficient and sustainable radical generation platform for developing photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhou
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chenggang Guo Sun
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziyan Shao
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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30
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Lu C, Jing D, Shen Y, Luo J, Zheng K. Redox-neutral access to 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles via radical coupling reactions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient radical protocol was developed for the assembly of valuable functional oxindoles in the absence of metals, photocatalysts, and bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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31
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Nayek N, Karmakar P, Mandal M, Karmakar I, Brahmachari G. Photochemical and electrochemical regioselective cross-dehydrogenative C(sp 2)–H sulfenylation and selenylation of substituted benzo[ a]phenazin-5-ols. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The essence of photo- and electrochemistry: sulfenylation and selenylation of substituted benzo[a]phenazin-5-ols through cross-dehydrogenative C(sp2)–H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Nayek
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pintu Karmakar
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Mullicka Mandal
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
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32
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Wang JX, Ge W, Xing WL, Fu MC. Photoinduced Deaminative Alkylation for the Synthesis of γ-Ketoesters via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Formation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18224-18231. [PMID: 34846880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced deaminative alkylation of Katritzky salts with silyl enol ethers has been developed. The reaction can proceed efficiently through electron donor-acceptor complex formation, avoiding the use of precious metal complexes or synthetically elaborate organic dyes. A series of functionalized γ-ketoesters was successfully obtained with good functional group tolerance and compatibility under mild and straightforward conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei-Long Xing
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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33
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Xie ZZ, Zheng Y, Tang K, Guan JP, Yuan CP, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen K, Chen XQ, Yang H. Visible-Light-Promoted Hydroxydifluoroalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2021; 23:9474-9479. [PMID: 34846152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free strategy for regioselective hydroxydifluoroalkylation of alkenes with alkyl bromides was developed, affording a series of difluoroalkylated tertiary alcohols in moderate to good yields. This photocatalyst-free protocol shows broad substrate scope under mild conditions. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that a newly identified electron donor-acceptor complex is crucial to this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
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34
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Reactivity and selectivity modulation within a molecular assembly: recent examples from photochemistry. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:719-737. [PMID: 34914081 PMCID: PMC9174329 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, photochemical reactions have emerged as powerful transformations which significantly expand the repertoire of organic synthesis. However, a certain lack of selectivity can hamper their application and limit their scope. In this context, a major research effort continues to focus on an improved control over stereo- and chemoselectivity that can be achieved in molecular assemblies between photosubstrates and an appropriate host molecule. In this tutorial review, some recent, representative examples of photochemical reactions have been collected whose unique outcome is dictated by the formation of a molecular assembly driven by non-covalent weak interactions.
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35
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Jin S, Sui X, Haug GC, Nguyen VD, Dang HT, Arman HD, Larionov OV. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Photocatalyzed Tricomponent Regioselective 1,2-Diacylation of Alkenes Illuminates the Mechanistic Details of the Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex-Mediated Radical Relay Processes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfei Jin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xianwei Sui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Graham C. Haug
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Viet D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hang T. Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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36
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Sun B, Tang X, Shi R, Yan Z, Li B, Tang C, Jin C, Wu CL, Shen RP. Self‐photocatalyzed Homolytic Dehalogenative Alkylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenes Based on the Quinazolinone Skeleton via Energy Transfer. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Rongcheng Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Chen Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Can Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 P. R. China
| | - Chunlei L. Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 P. R. China
| | - Runpu P. Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 P. R. China
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37
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Photochemical C-H acetalization of O-heterocycles utilizing phenylglyoxylic acid as the photoinitiator. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:687-694. [PMID: 34750786 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel, mild, metal-free and easy-to-execute procedure for the C-H acetalization of O-heterocycles via visible light activation is presented, utilizing phenylglyoxylic acid as the photoinitiator. Biomass-derived O-heterocycles, like THF, can be employed, while primary, secondary alcohols and alcohols bearing a variety of functionalities were succesfully employed, affording the desired acetals in high yields. Facile acidic deprotection was also performed.
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38
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Liu XJ, Zhou SY, Xiao Y, Sun Q, Lu X, Li Y, Li JH. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] Annulation of Enynals and γ,σ-Unsaturated N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides by NaI/PPh 3 Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:7839-7844. [PMID: 34581593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical and eco-friendly strategy for the radical-mediated decarboxylative [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] annulation of enynals and γ,σ-unsaturated N-(acyloxy)phthalimides through the photoactivation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex has been developed. A wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters can be used as suitable substrates for the synthesis of fused ketones without any transition-metal catalysts or oxidants. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and clean reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sheng-Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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39
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Cai YP, Nie FY, Song QH. Visible-Light-Mediated Alkylation of Thiophenols via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes Formed between Two Reactants. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12419-12426. [PMID: 34379421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, photocatalyst-free, photochemical system was developed for the direct alkylation of thiophenols via electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes (KEDA = 145 M-1) between two reactants, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as acceptors and thiophenol anions as donors, in the presence of a tertiary amine. The EDA complexes in the reaction system have a broad range of visible-light absorption (400-650 nm) and can trigger the reaction effectively under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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40
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41
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de Pedro Beato E, Spinnato D, Zhou W, Melchiorre P. A General Organocatalytic System for Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation and Its Use in Radical Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12304-12314. [PMID: 34320312 PMCID: PMC8361436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a modular class of organic catalysts that, acting as donors, can readily form photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with a variety of radical precursors. Excitation with visible light generates open-shell intermediates under mild conditions, including nonstabilized carbon radicals and nitrogen-centered radicals. The modular nature of the commercially available xanthogenate and dithiocarbamate anion organocatalysts offers a versatile EDA complex catalytic platform for developing mechanistically distinct radical reactions, encompassing redox-neutral and net-reductive processes. Mechanistic investigations, by means of quantum yield determination, established that a closed catalytic cycle is operational for all of the developed radical processes, highlighting the ability of the organic catalysts to turn over and iteratively drive every catalytic cycle. We also demonstrate how the catalysts' stability and the method's high functional group tolerance could be advantageous for the direct radical functionalization of abundant functional groups, including aliphatic carboxylic acids and amines, and for applications in the late-stage elaboration of biorelevant compounds and enantioselective radical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Pedro Beato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Davide Spinnato
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wei Zhou
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ-Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Regioselective 2-alkylation of indoles with α-bromo esters catalyzed by Pd/P,P=O system. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Lima RN, Delgado JAC, Bernardi DI, Berlinck RGS, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L, Paixão MW. Post-synthetic functionalization of tryptophan protected peptide sequences through indole (C-2) photocatalytic alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5758-5761. [PMID: 34002741 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a selective, mild, and efficient C-H functionalization of tryptophan and tryptophan-containing peptides with activated α-bromo-carbonyl compounds under visible-light irradiation. The protocol efficiency is outlined by the wide substrate scope and excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups present in the amino acid side chains. The method can be successfully extended to access pharmaco-peptide conjugate scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaely N Lima
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
| | - José A C Delgado
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
| | - Darlon I Bernardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560970, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos, São Paulo 13560970, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraβe 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565905, Brazil.
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44
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Lecroq W, Schleinitz J, Billoue M, Perfetto A, Gaumont AC, Lalevée J, Ciofini I, Grimaud L, Lakhdar S. Metal-Free Deoxygenation of Amine N-Oxides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1237-1242. [PMID: 33971075 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report herein an unprecedented combination of light and P(III)/P(V) redox cycling for the efficient deoxygenation of aromatic amine N-oxides. Moreover, we discovered that a large variety of aliphatic amine N-oxides can easily be deoxygenated by using only phenylsilane. These practically simple approaches proceed well under metal-free conditions, tolerate many functionalities and are highly chemoselective. Combined experimental and computational studies enabled a deep understanding of factors controlling the reactivity of both aromatic and aliphatic amine N-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lecroq
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Jules Schleinitz
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mallaury Billoue
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Univ., LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6, Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS) Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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Huang QP, Jia J, Li WP, Wang AJ, Zhao L. Atom transfer radical additions (ATRAs) promoted by catalytic amounts of amines: The effective iododifluoroalkylation of alkenes/alkynes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1918173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei-Piao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - An-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education. School of Pharmacy. Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education. School of Pharmacy. Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Cao K, Zhang X, Jiang H, Li J. Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:771-799. [PMID: 33889219 PMCID: PMC8042489 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible, weak ground-state aggregate formed by dipole-dipole interactions between an electron donor and an electron acceptor is referred to as an electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. Generally, upon light irradiation, the EDA complex turns into the excited state, causing an electron transfer to give radicals and to initiate subsequent reactions. Besides light as an external energy source, reactions involving the participation of EDA complexes are mild, obviating transition metal catalysts or photosensitizers in the majority of cases and are in line with the theme of green chemistry. This review discusses the synthetic reactions concerned with EDA complexes as well as the mechanisms that have been shown over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglie Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Kun Cao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Zheng L, Cai L, Tao K, Xie Z, Lai Y, Guo W. Progress in Photoinduced Radical Reactions using Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yin‐Long Lai
- College of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan University Shaoguan 512005 P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
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48
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49
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Ren SC, Lv WX, Yang X, Yan JL, Xu J, Wang FX, Hao L, Chai H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Alkylation of Carboxylic Esters via Direct Photoexcitation of Acyl Azolium Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen-Xin Lv
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huifang Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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50
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Runemark A, Zacharias SC, Sundén H. Visible-Light-Driven Stereoselective Annulation of Alkyl Anilines and Dibenzoylethylenes via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1901-1910. [PMID: 33397115 PMCID: PMC7884011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A catalyst-free, stereoselective
visible-light-driven annulation
reaction between alkenes and N,N-substituted dialkyl anilines for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydroquinolines
is presented. The reaction is driven by the photoexcitation of an
electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex, and the resulting products
are obtained in good to high yields with complete diastereoselectivity.
Mechanistic rationale and photochemical characterization of the EDA-complex
are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Runemark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Savannah C Zacharias
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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