1
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Ding C, Yang L, Lu X, Chi H, Yang Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Outstanding CO 2 Photoreduction in Single-Atom Thulium Modified Carbon Nitride. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406329. [PMID: 39120492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
CO2 reduction photocatalysts are favorable for obtaining renewable energy. Enriched active sites and effective photogenerated-carriers separation are keys for improving CO2 photo-reduction. A thulium (Tm) single atom tailoring strategy introducing carbon vacancies in porous tubular graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) surpassing the ever-reported g-C3N4 based photocatalysts, with 199.47 µmol g-1 h-1 CO yield, 96.8% CO selectivity, 0.84% apparent quantum efficiency and excellent photocatalytic stability, is implemented in this work. Results revealed that in-plane Tm sites and interlayer-bridged Tm-N charge transfer channels significantly enhanced the aggregation/transfer of photogenerated electrons thus promoting CO2 adsorption/activation and contributing to *COOH intermediates formation. Meanwhile, Tm atoms and carbon vacancies both benefit for rich active sites and enhanced photogenerated-charge separation, thus optimizing reaction pathway and leading to excellent CO2 photo-reduction. This work not only provides guidelines for CO2 photo-reduction catalysts design but also offers mechanistic insights into single-atom based photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P. R. China
- Kunshan Sunlaite New Energy Co. Ltd., Kunshan Innovation Institute of Nanjing University, No. 1666, South Zuchongzhi Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215347, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (MOE), Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yongcai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hongkong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hongkong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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2
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Lin L, Ma Y, Zettsu N, Vequizo JJM, Gu C, Yamakata A, Hisatomi T, Takata T, Domen K. Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid-State Electron Mediator for Visible-Light-Driven Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14829-14834. [PMID: 38748984 PMCID: PMC11141554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
So-called Z-scheme systems, which typically comprise an H2 evolution photocatalyst (HEP), an O2 evolution photocatalyst (OEP), and an electron mediator, represent a promising approach to solar hydrogen production via photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS). The electron mediator transferring photogenerated charges between the HEP and OEP governs the performance of such systems. However, existing electron mediators suffer from low stability, corrosiveness to the photocatalysts, and parasitic light absorption. In the present work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were shown to function as an effective solid-state electron mediator in a Z-scheme OWS system. Based on the high stability and good charge transfer characteristics of CNTs, this system exhibited superior OWS performance compared with other systems using more common electron mediators. The as-constructed system evolved stoichiometric amounts of H2 and O2 at near-ambient pressure with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.15%. The OWS reaction was also promoted in the case that this CNT-based Z-scheme system was immobilized on a substrate. Hence, CNTs are a viable electron mediator material for large-scale Z-scheme OWS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Zettsu
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Energy
Land-scape Architectonics Brain Bank, Shinshu
University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Junie Jhon M. Vequizo
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Chen Gu
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary
Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Office
of University Professors, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Liu Y, Wu C, Niu Y, Meng T, He J. Large-Scale Syntheses of Multicolor Stimulus Responsive Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Polymer-Carbonyl-Modified Carbon Nitrogen Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1584-1589. [PMID: 38306155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Carbonyl-modified solid-state carbon nitrogen quantum dots (m-O═CNQDs) have emerged as promising room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials close to commercialization. However, high-crystallinity m-O═CNQDs are insensitive to external stimuli such as water and heat due to strong stacking interactions between layers, restricting their applications in stimulus responsive fields. Here, a polymer template space-confined growth strategy is established for the large-scale synthesis of water stimulus responsive polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized m-O═CNQDs with ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (181 ms) using urea and PVP as precursors. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the PVP template linked at the rim of m-O═CNQDs formed by in situ self-polymerization of urea inhibits interactions between layers and increases their affinity for water, which is the key to increasing their sensitivity with water. This strategy offers a new path for developing commercial stimulus responsive RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
| | - Yongkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
| | - Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Dong C, Xia Y, Jiang L, Wang G, Wang R, Chen J. Direct Growth of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Photoanode for Greatly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208049. [PMID: 37127867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A general method for the direct synthesis of highly homogeneous and dense polymerized carbon nitride (PCN) nanosheet films on F: SnO2 (FTO) is developed. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting studies reveal that the as-synthesized PCN films exhibit outstanding performance as photoanode for PEC water-splitting. The optimal PCN photoanode exhibits excellent photocurrent density of 650 µA cm-2 , and monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) value up to 30.55% (λ = 400 nm) and 25.97% (λ = 420 nm) at 1.23 VRHE in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the PCN photoanode has an excellent hole extraction efficiency of up to 70 ± 3% due to the abundance of active sites provided by the PCN photoanode nanosheet, which promotes the transport rates of OER-relevant species. These PCN films provide a new benchmark for PCN photoanode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Changxue Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
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5
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Kumar P, Vahidzadeh E, Alam KM, Laishram D, Cui K, Shankar K. Radial Nano-Heterojunctions Consisting of CdS Nanorods Wrapped by 2D CN:PDI Polymer with Deep HOMO for Photo-Oxidative Water Splitting, Dye Degradation and Alcohol Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091481. [PMID: 37177028 PMCID: PMC10180281 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy harvesting using semiconductor photocatalysis offers an enticing solution to two of the biggest societal challenges, energy scarcity and environmental pollution. After decades of effort, no photocatalyst exists which can simultaneously meet the demand for excellent absorption, high quantum efficiency and photochemical resilience/durability. While CdS is an excellent photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, pollutant degradation and organic synthesis, photocorrosion of CdS leads to the deactivation of the catalyst. Surface passivation of CdS with 2D graphitic carbon nitrides (CN) such as g-C3N4 and C3N5 has been shown to mitigate the photocorrosion problem but the poor oxidizing power of photogenerated holes in CN limits the utility of this approach for photooxidation reactions. We report the synthesis of exfoliated 2D nanosheets of a modified carbon nitride constituted of tris-s-triazine (C6N7) linked pyromellitic dianhydride polydiimide (CN:PDI) with a deep oxidative highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) position, which ensures sufficient oxidizing power for photogenerated holes in CN. The heterojunction formed by the wrapping of mono-/few layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods (CdS/CN:PDI) was determined to be an excellent photocatalyst for oxidation reactions including photoelectrochemical water splitting, dye decolorization and the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Extensive structural characterization using HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, etc., confirmed wrapping of few-layered CN:PDI on CdS nanorods. The increased photoactivity in CdS/CN:PDI catalyst was ascribed to facile electron transfer from CdS to CN:PDI in comparison to CdS/g-C3N4, leading to an increased electron density on the surface of the photocatalyst to drive chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ehsan Vahidzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Devika Laishram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur 34201, India
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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6
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Dual morphology ZnCo2O4 coupled graphitic carbon nitride: An efficient electro-catalyst for electrochemical H2O2 production and methanol oxidation reaction. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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7
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Peng X, Ma J, Zhou Z, Yang H, Chen J, Chen R, Wu K, Xi G, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Molecular assembly of carbon nitride-based composite membranes for photocatalytic sterilization and wound healing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4319-4327. [PMID: 37123183 PMCID: PMC10132134 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A multifactorial mechanism for successful dissolution of polymeric carbon nitrides (pCN) was disclosed, enabling pCN to compound more advanced nanocomposites at the molecular level, beyond the traditional solar fuel applications in powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Peng
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jin Ma
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Guangcheng Xi
- Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Beijing 100176 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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8
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Dai W, Mu J, Chen Z, Zhang J, Pei X, Luo W, Ni BJ. Design of few-layer carbon nitride/BiFeO 3 composites for efficient organic pollutant photodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114190. [PMID: 36049509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction-driven photocatalysis can degrade various organic pollutants, and developing carbon nitride-based composite photocatalysts is of great significance and gains growing interest. In this study, a two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets/BiFeO3 (GCNNs/BiFeO3) Z-scheme heterojunction has been synthesized through the electrostatic spinning and post-calcination The obtained GCNNs/BiFeO3 nanofibers show large surface contact between GCNNs the and BiFeO3 nanostructures. The Z-scheme heterojunction shows a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance, which could degrade 94% of tetracycline (TC) and 88% of Rhodamine B (RhB) under LED visible light irradiation in 150 min. Radical trapping experiments demonstrate the effective construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions, and •O2- and h+ are the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation process. This study realizes a novel nanostructured GCNNs/BiFeO3 heterojunction for photodegradation applications, which would guide the design of next-generation efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jinlong Mu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, PR China; Beijing NAURA Microelectronics Equipment Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Pei
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Hao C, Zhang J, Li N, Zhou T, E X, Zhao X. Size-dependent design of ultrathin g-C3N4 nanomesh with N defects towards superior visible-light photocatalytic efficiency. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Krishnaswamy S, Panigrahi P, Prabhakaran Kala P, Sofini S, Nagarajan GS. Smart apparel using nano graphitic carbon nitride/PVA in a cotton cloth for military application. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10345. [PMID: 36082337 PMCID: PMC9445280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An eco-friendly, low-cost smart attire was made of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) as a semiconductor material in a biodegradable synthetic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol) and cotton material. Various concentrations such as 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.2 weight percentage of GCN is entrenched in PVA. UV absorption spectra displayed two peaks, one matching PVA (317 nm) and the other excitonic peak of GCN (390 nm).0.2% GCN in PVA showed a low bandgap (2.84 eV) harnessing maximum solar light. Due to the charge transfer mechanism, enhanced blue emission at 450 nm was observed for the higher concentration of graphitic carbon nitride. Due to more defect centers of higher weight percentage of GCN, higher electrical conductivity (7.6462 × 10−3 S/cm) and optical conductivity (0.113 S) were noticed. Due to the higher conductivity of 5GCN, it was embedded with cotton fabric. The fabricated smart apparel can be used to manufacture flexible, lightweight, eco-friendly optoelectronic devices. Further, according to literature, GCN possesses high antibacterial activity, hence it can serve as clothing for the military and medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimathi Krishnaswamy
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science (HITS), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Puspamitra Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science (HITS), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Praseetha Prabhakaran Kala
- Noorul Islam College of Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kalkulam, Thucklay, Tamil Nadu 629180, India
| | - Sharon Sofini
- Noorul Islam College of Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Kalkulam, Thucklay, Tamil Nadu 629180, India
| | - Ganapathi Subramanian Nagarajan
- Quantum Functional Semiconductor Research Centre (QSRC), Nano Information Technology Academy(NITAs), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Chen X, Zhu C, Liu B. Fluorescence enhancement induced by sulfuric acid intercalation on melem-based polymer. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Patel MR, Kailasa SK. Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials: Properties, Synthetic Approaches and New Insights in Fluorescence Spectrometry for Assaying of Metal Ions, Organic and Biomolecules. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayurkumar Revabhai Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India
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13
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Protonated g-C 3N 4 coated Co 9S 8 heterojunction for photocatalytic H 2O 2 production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:541-553. [PMID: 35870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2O2 production is an eco-friendly technique because only H2O, molecular O2 and light are involved. However, it still confronts the challenges of the unsatisfactory productivity of H2O2 and the dependence on organic electron donors or high purity O2, which restrict the practical application. Herein, we construct a type-II heterojunction of the protonated g-C3N4 coated Co9S8 semiconductor for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The ultrathin g-C3N4 uniformly spreads on the surface of the dispersed Co9S8 nanosheets by a two-step method of protonation and dip-coating, and exhibits improved photogenerated electrons transportability and e--h+ pairs separation ability. The photocatalytic system can achieve a considerable productivity of H2O2 to 2.17 mM for 5 h in alkaline medium in the absence of the organic electron donors and pure O2. The optimal photocatalyst also obtains the highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 18.10% under 450 nm of light irradiation, as well as a good reusability. The contribution of the type-II heterojunction is that the migrations of electrons and holes within the interface between g-C3N4 and Co9S8 matrix promote the separation of photocarriers, and another channel is also opened for H2O2 generation. The accumulated electrons in conduction band (CB) of Co9S8 contribute to the major channel of two-electron reduction of O2 for H2O2 production. Meanwhile, the electrons in CB of g-C3N4 participate in the single electron reduction of O2 as an auxiliary channel to enhance the H2O2 production.
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Recent Progress on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g−CN) Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142374. [PMID: 35889598 PMCID: PMC9321715 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g−CN), a promising visible-light-responsive semiconductor material, is regarded as a fascinating photocatalyst and heterogeneous catalyst for various reactions due to its non-toxicity, high thermal durability and chemical durability, and “earth-abundant” nature. However, practical applications of g−CN in photoelectrochemical (PEC) and photoelectronic devices are still in the early stages of development due to the difficulties in fabricating high-quality g−CN layers on substrates, wide band gaps, high charge-recombination rates, and low electronic conductivity. Various fabrication and modification strategies of g−CN-based films have been reported. This review summarizes the latest progress related to the growth and modification of high-quality g−CN-based films. Furthermore, (1) the classification of synthetic pathways for the preparation of g−CN films, (2) functionalization of g−CN films at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization), (3) modification of g−CN films with a co-catalyst, and (4) composite films fabricating, will be discussed in detail. Last but not least, this review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating viewpoints on the key challenges and future developments.
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Tao L, Zhang H, Li G, Liao C, Jiang G. Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals by pore-structured graphitic carbon nitride with carbon vacancy in water: Identification of intermediate degradants and effects of active species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153845. [PMID: 35176390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly used in daily life and have been massively discharged to the aquatic environment. The removal of pharmaceuticals from water by various nanomaterials including graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received extensive attention. Herein, we synthesized a carbon-defective carbon nitride with pore structure through a simple thermal polymerization method for photodegradation of lidocaine, mepivacaine and ropivacaine (typical amide local anesthetics). The results showed that the degradation process conformed to the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, and the degradation rate constant of organic pollutants using CCN-600 (i.e., g-C3N4 synthesized at 600 °C) reached 5.05 × 10-2 min-1, about 2.5 times higher than that of the prototype g-C3N4 (2.09 × 10-2 min-1). The capture experiment of active species and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test demonstrated that superoxide radical (O2-) played a major role in the degradation process. Based on the possible photodegraded intermediate products identified, the degradation pathways were deduced. This study provides not only a new strategy for fabrication of pore-structured g-C3N4 with carbon vacancy, but also a reference method for the treatment of pharmaceuticals in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sathishkumar K, Li Y, Alsalhi MS, Muthukumar B, Gaurav GK, Devanesan S, Rajasekar A, Manikandan R. Enhanced biological nitrate removal by gC 3N 4/TiO 2 composite and role of extracellular polymeric substances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112158. [PMID: 34606840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological denitrification in the presence of gC3N4 doped TiO2 composite was investigated through series of batch experiment. gC3N4 doped TiO2 was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDAX and the prepared composite used as electron donor for the enhancement biological denitrification. The role of extracellular polymeric substances in the biological nitrate reduction and electron transfer process has been elucidated. The XRD result confirms that TiO2 nanoparticle has 80% anatase and 20% rutile phase. The gC3N4 shows the diffraction peaks at 27.57°, corresponds to the diffraction planes of (002) the hexagonal graphitic carbon nitride. The SEM image of modified gC3N4/TiO2 nanocomposites showed agglomerated small spherical TiO2 nanoparticles attached on the surface of gC3N4. The highest level of nitrate removal was 90% (from 100 mg/L to 10 mg/L nitrate) in gC3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite in the 15% wt TiO2 doped gC3N4. The nitrate reduction in the biofilm with gC3N4 doped TiO2 composite have significantly enhanced the nitrate reduction than the control. Photoexcited electrons were generated from gC3N4 doped TiO2 photocatalyst act as excellent electron donor to the microbial communities. Extracellular polymeric substances acted as a passing media for microbial extracellular electron transfer and protective barrier for microbes. The electroactive microbes were harvested electrons from the gC3N4 doped TiO2 composite under irradiation and enhancing the biological nitrate reduction. Overall, the present study suggests that insight into the mechanism of photoexcited electron facilitated biological nitrate reduction and role of extracellular polymeric substances. The successful integration of gC3N4 doped TiO2 photocatalyst and biofilm is a promising technology for nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Mohamad S Alsalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balakrishnan Muthukumar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632 115, India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632 115, India
| | - Ramalingam Manikandan
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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ZnS-modified carbon nitride nanosheet with enhanced performance of elemental Hg removal: An experimental and density functional theory study. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bian H, Li D, Wang S, Yan J, Liu SF. 2D-C 3N 4 encapsulated perovskite nanocrystals for efficient photo-assisted thermocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1335-1341. [PMID: 35222917 PMCID: PMC8809417 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Very recently, halide perovskites, especially all-inorganic CsPbBr3, have received ever-increasing attention in photocatalysis owing to their superior optoelectronic properties and thermal stability. However, there is a lack of study on their application in thermocatalysis and photo-thermocatalysis. Herein, we rationally designed a core–shell heterojunction formed by encapsulating CsPbBr3 nanoparticles with the 2D C3N4 (m-CN) layer via a solid-state reaction (denoted as m-CN@CsPbBr3). A series of experiments suggest that abundant adsorption and active sites of CO2 molecules as well as polar surfaces were obtained by utilizing m-CN-coated CsPbBr3, resulting in significant improvement in CO2 capture and charge separation. It is found that the m-CN@CsPbBr3 effectively drives the thermocatalytic reduction of CO2 in H2O vapor. By coupling light into the system, the activity for CO2-to-CO reduction is further improved with a yield up to 42.8 μmol g−1 h−1 at 150 °C, which is 8.4 and 2.3 times those of pure photocatalysis (5.1 μmol g−1 h−1) and thermocatalysis (18.7 μmol g−1 h−1), respectively. This work expands the application of general halide perovskites and provides guidance for using perovskite-based catalysts for photo-assisted thermocatalytic CO2 reduction. A water-stable CsPbBr3 catalyst is designed using core–shell encapsulation of the perovskite nanoparticle by 2D-C3N4 for photo-assisted thermocatalytic CO2 reduction by H2O. The m-CN@CsPbBr3 heterojunction shows surprisingly high CO2-to-CO yield.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Deng Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shengyao Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Junqing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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20
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Yan J, Liu J, Sun Y, Ding D, Wang C, Sun LB, Li X. Exfoliation-induced O-doped g-C3N4 Nanosheets with improved photoreactivity towards RhB degradation and H2 evolution. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets exfoliated from bulk-sized counterparts are limited by quantum size effect-induced widened bandgap. In this work, a (NH4)2S2O8 (APS) induced thermal exfoliation approach is introduced to...
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21
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Prakruthi K, Ujwal MP, Yashas SR, Mahesh B, Kumara Swamy N, Shivaraju HP. Recent advances in photocatalytic remediation of emerging organic pollutants using semiconducting metal oxides: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4930-4957. [PMID: 34797548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many untreated and partly treated wastewater from the home and commercial resources is being discharged into the aquatic environment these days, which contains numerous unknown and complex natural and inorganic compounds. These compounds tend to persist, initiating severe environmental problems, which affect human health. Conventionally, physicochemical treatment methods were adopted to remove such complex organic chemicals, but they suffer from critical limitations. Over time, photocatalysis, an advanced oxidation process, has gained its position for its efficient and fair performance against emerging organic pollutant decontamination. Typically, photocatalysis is a green technology to decompose organics under UV/visible light at ambient conditions. Semiconducting nanometal oxides have emerged as pioneering photocatalysts because of large active surface sites, flexible oxidation states, various morphologies, and easy preparation. The current review presents an overview of emerging organic pollutants and their effects, advanced oxidation processes, photocatalytic mechanism, types of photocatalysts, photocatalyst support materials, and methods for improving photodegradation efficiency on the degradation of complex emerging organic pollutants. In addition, the recent reports of metal-oxide-driven photocatalytic remediation of emerging organic pollutants are presented in brief. This review is anticipated to reach a broader scientific community to understand the first principles of photocatalysis and review the recent advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komargoud Prakruthi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru , 570006, India
| | | | - Shivamurthy Ravindra Yashas
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Basavaraju Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru, 560060, India
| | - Ningappa Kumara Swamy
- Department of Chemistry, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, 570006, India.
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22
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Zhu J, Hao X, Liu Q, Liu J, Chen R, Yu J, Li R, Liu P, Wang J. Exploring the application of amino functionalized Three-dimensional Macroscopic g-C3N4 sponge for enhanced uranium recovery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Zhou M, Ou H, Li S, Qin X, Fang Y, Lee S, Wang X, Ho W. Photocatalytic Air Purification Using Functional Polymeric Carbon Nitrides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102376. [PMID: 34693667 PMCID: PMC8693081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The techniques for the production of the environment have received attention because of the increasing air pollution, which results in a negative impact on the living environment of mankind. Over the decades, burgeoning interest in polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) based photocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis of air pollutants has been witnessed, which is improved by harvesting visible light, layered/defective structures, functional groups, suitable/adjustable band positions, and existing Lewis basic sites. PCN-based photocatalytic air purification can reduce the negative impacts of the emission of air pollutants and convert the undesirable and harmful materials into value-added or nontoxic, or low-toxic chemicals. However, based on previous reports, the systematic summary and analysis of PCN-based photocatalysts in the catalytic elimination of air pollutants have not been reported. The research progress of functional PCN-based composite materials as photocatalysts for the removal of air pollutants is reviewed here. The working mechanisms of each enhancement modification are elucidated and discussed on structures (nanostructure, molecular structue, and composite) regarding their effects on light-absorption/utilization, reactant adsorption, intermediate/product desorption, charge kinetics, and reactive oxygen species production. Perspectives related to further challenges and directions as well as design strategies of PCN-based photocatalysts in the heterogeneous catalysis of air pollutants are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai Po, New TerritoriesHong KongP. R. China
| | - Honghui Ou
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Shanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai Po, New TerritoriesHong KongP. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Shun‐cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongP. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai Po, New TerritoriesHong KongP. R. China
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24
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Thermal Analysis of Metal-Organic Precursors for Functional Cu:ΝiOx Hole Transporting Layer in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: Role of Solution Combustion Chemistry in Cu:ΝiOx Thin Films Processing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113074. [PMID: 34835837 PMCID: PMC8618520 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature solution combustion synthesis emerges as a facile method for the synthesis of functional metal oxides thin films for electronic applications. We study the solution combustion synthesis process of Cu:NiOx using different molar ratios (w/o, 0.1 and 1.5) of fuel acetylacetone (Acac) to oxidizer (Cu, Ni Nitrates) as a function of thermal annealing temperatures 150, 200, and 300 °C. The solution combustion synthesis process, in both thin films and bulk Cu:NiOx, is investigated. Thermal analysis studies using TGA and DTA reveal that the Cu:NiOx thin films show a more gradual mass loss while the bulk Cu:NiOx exhibits a distinct combustion process. The thin films can crystallize to Cu:NiOx at an annealing temperature of 300 °C, irrespective of the Acac/Oxidizer ratio, whereas lower annealing temperatures (150 and 200 °C) produce amorphous materials. A detail characterization study of solution combustion synthesized Cu:NiOx, including XPS, UV-Vis, AFM, and Contact angle measurements, is presented. Finally, 50 nm Cu:NiOx thin films are introduced as HTLs within the inverted perovskite solar cell device architecture. The Cu:NiOx HTL annealed at 150 and 200 °C provided PVSCs with limited functionality, whereas efficient triple-cation Cs0.04(MA0.17FA0.83)0.96 Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3-based PVSCs achieved for Cu:NiOx HTLs for annealing temperature of 300 °C.
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Alam KM, Jensen CE, Kumar P, Hooper RW, Bernard GM, Patidar A, Manuel AP, Amer N, Palmgren A, Purschke DN, Chaulagain N, Garcia J, Kirwin PS, Shoute LCT, Cui K, Gusarov S, Kobryn AE, Michaelis VK, Hegmann FA, Shankar K. Photocatalytic Mechanism Control and Study of Carrier Dynamics in CdS@C 3N 5 Core-Shell Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47418-47439. [PMID: 34608803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a potential solution to the problem of extraction of photogenerated holes from CdS nanocrystals and nanowires. The nanosheet form of C3N5 is a low-band-gap (Eg = 2.03 eV), azo-linked graphenic carbon nitride framework formed by the polymerization of melem hydrazine (MHP). C3N5 nanosheets were either wrapped around CdS nanorods (NRs) following the synthesis of pristine chalcogenide or intercalated among them by an in situ synthesis protocol to form two kinds of heterostructures, CdS-MHP and CdS-MHPINS, respectively. CdS-MHP improved the photocatalytic degradation rate of 4-nitrophenol by nearly an order of magnitude in comparison to bare CdS NRs. CdS-MHP also enhanced the sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity of bare CdS NWs for the decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) by a remarkable 300% through the improved extraction and utilization of photogenerated holes due to surface passivation. More interestingly, CdS-MHP provided reaction pathway control over RhB degradation. In the absence of scavengers, CdS-MHP degraded RhB through the N-deethylation pathway. When either hole scavenger or electron scavenger was added to the RhB solution, the photocatalytic activity of CdS-MHP remained mostly unchanged, while the degradation mechanism shifted to the chromophore cleavage (cycloreversion) pathway. We investigated the optoelectronic properties of CdS-C3N5 heterojunctions using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS), and photoconductivity measurements. TRTS indicated high carrier mobilities >450 cm2 V-1 s-1 and carrier relaxation times >60 ps for CdS-MHP, while CdS-MHPINS exhibited much lower mobilities <150 cm2 V-1 s-1 and short carrier relaxation times <20 ps. Hysteresis in the photoconductive J-V characteristics of CdS NWs disappeared in CdS-MHP, confirming surface passivation. Dispersion-corrected DFT simulations indicated a delocalized HOMO and a LUMO localized on C3N5 in CdS-MHP. C3N5, with its extended π-conjugation and low band gap, can function as a shuttle to extract carriers and excitons in nanostructured heterojunctions, and enhance performance in optoelectronic devices. Our results demonstrate how carrier dynamics in core-shell heterostructures can be manipulated to achieve control over the reaction mechanism in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Charles E Jensen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Riley W Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Guy M Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Aakash Patidar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ajay P Manuel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Naaman Amer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Anders Palmgren
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Phillip S Kirwin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lian C T Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Thiam BG, El Magri A, Vaudreuil S. An overview on the progress and development of modified sulfonated polyether ether ketone membranes for vanadium redox flow battery applications. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211049317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) are among the most promising approaches to efficiently store renewable energies. In such battery type, Nafion is commonly used as membrane material but suffers from high vanadium crossover and cost. These drawbacks negatively influence the widespread commercial application of VRFBs. Alternative membrane materials with high performance and low cost are thus being developed to address these shortfalls. Among those, possible materials for the VRFB membrane is sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), which recently attracted considerable attention due to its low cost, combined with mechanical and chemical stability, and ease of preparation. This review summarizes the research activities related to the development of SPEEK-based membranes for VRFB applications and gives an overview of the properties of PEEK and its sulfonated form. A critical analysis on the challenges of SPEEK-based membranes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Gueye Thiam
- Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fès-Morocco
| | - Anouar El Magri
- Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fès-Morocco
| | - Sébastien Vaudreuil
- Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fès-Morocco
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27
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Liu L, Du X. Polyethylenimine-modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: a label-free Raman traceable siRNA delivery system. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6895-6901. [PMID: 34612336 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the nanotoxicity of gene delivery carriers has raised world-wide concerns, it is important to trace their intracellular performance, for example via uptake visualization. Here, we develop a novel ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composite nanosystem for label-free Raman-traceable small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Through low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) modifications, these nanosystems can obtain siRNA loading capabilities. The lateral size of the PEI-g-C3N4 composite is around 100-150 nm with a thickness of nearly 0.6 nm. The designed label-free delivery system could avoid possible obstacles associated with artificial labels and it shows cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and good biocompatibility in normal human cells. The label-free PEI-g-C3N4 gene nanocarrier can be directly traced via Raman microscopy, which makes it suitable for intracellular visualization. Intracellular uptake of the self-fluorescent g-C3N4 nanosheets can also be traced via fluorescence imaging. The PEI modified g-C3N4 ultrathin nanosheets possess gene delivery capacity together with unique dual-traceable Raman and fluorescence features. Raman traces not only have higher specificity than fluorescence ones but they can also avoid background noises. Thus, they may replace widely implemented fluorescence tracing. This work could provide a label-free traceable platform for investigating the intracellular performances of gene delivery nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Chemical Pharmaceutical Research Center, Tasly Academy, Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300410, P. R. China
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28
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Kumar P, Mulmi S, Laishram D, Alam KM, Thakur UK, Thangadurai V, Shankar K. Water-splitting photoelectrodes consisting of heterojunctions of carbon nitride with a p-type low bandgap double perovskite oxide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485407. [PMID: 33706303 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abedec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinary and senary non-stoichiometric double perovskites such as Ba2Ca0.66Nb1.34-xFexO6-δ(BCNF) have been utilized for gas sensing, solid oxide fuel cells and thermochemical CO2reduction. Herein, we examined their potential as narrow bandgap semiconductors for use in solar energy harvesting. A cobalt co-doped BCNF, Ba2Ca0.66Nb0.68Fe0.33Co0.33O6-δ(BCNFCo), exhibited an optical absorption edge at ∼800 nm,p-type conduction and a distinct photoresponse up to 640 nm while demonstrating high thermochemical stability. A nanocomposite of BCNFCo and g-C3N4(CN) was prepared via a facile solvent-assisted exfoliation/blending approach using dichlorobenzene and glycerol at a moderate temperature. The exfoliation of g-C3N4followed by wrapping on perovskite established an effective heterojunction between the materials for charge separation. The conjugated 2D sheets of CN enabled better charge migration resulting in increased photoelectrochemical performance. A blend composed of 40 wt% perovskites and CN performed optimally, whilst achieving a photocurrent density as high as 1.5 mA cm-2for sunlight-driven water-splitting with a Faradaic efficiency as high as ∼88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Suresh Mulmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Devika Laishram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ujwal K Thakur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Venkataraman Thangadurai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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29
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Khazaee Z, Mahjoub AR, Khavar AHC, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Sub-level engineering strategy of nitrogen-induced Bi 2O 3/g-C 3N 4: a versatile photocatalyst for oxidation and reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50747-50766. [PMID: 33973121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the α-Bi2O3 nanocrystal decorated by nitrogen dopant and its heterojunction nanocomposite with g-C3N4 (N0.1/Bi2O3/g-C3N4) is successfully fabricated for the first time, for photo-oxidation of RhB and photo-reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The resulting N0.1/Bi2O3/g-C3N4 (3%) nanocomposite showed an optimal Cr(VI) photo-reduction and RhB photo-oxidation rates under visible-light irradiation, being 3-4 times higher than that of pure α-Bi2O3. The results from XPS confirmed the substitution of nitrogen with various oxidation states from N3+ to Nx+ (x < 5), due to the existence of different nitrogen oxides including N-O, O-N=O, and NO3- in the crystal structure. We investigated the reaction mechanism using catalytic tests, impedance spectroscopy, EPR technique, and density functional calculations. The DFT calculations presented the appearance of a new mid-gap hybrid of p states, comprised of N 2p, O 2p, and Bi 6P states, which enhance light absorption capacity and narrow band gap. The theoretical results were in excellent agreement with experimental UV-Vis data. The N0.1/Bi2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite exhibited acceptable practical application value and recycling ability for removal of the contaminants. Such improved photocatalytic activity is originated from the modified band positions, new electron evolution pathway, introducing defects in α-Bi2O3 by insertion of N atoms into the Bi sites, and the enhanced charge carrier mobility between N0.1/Bi2O3 and g-C3N4. The strategy to form nitrogen-doped bismuth-based nanocomposites may open a new opportunity to design atomic-level electronic defects by feasible methods to obtain a versatile photocatalyst material with simultaneous photo-reduction and photo-oxidation ability for removal of Cr(VI) and organic dyes from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Khazaee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mahjoub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
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30
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Meng P, Han C, Scully AD, Xiao Q, Brock AJ, Hirai T, Skidmore M, McMurtrie JC, Chesman ASR, Xu J. Unconventional, Gram-Scale Synthesis of a Molecular Dimer Organic Luminogen with Aggregation-Induced Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40441-40450. [PMID: 34423640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic luminogens have been widely used in optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, and sensing. Conventionally, the synthesis of organic luminogens requires sophisticated, multistep design, reaction, and isolation procedures. Herein, the products of the melt-phase condensation of benzoguanamine (BG; 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine) at 370-410 °C display interesting reaction-condition-dependent luminescence properties, including photoluminescence (PL) at a variety of wavelengths in the visible spectrum and quantum efficiencies (PLQE) of up to 58% in the powder form. With a simple and straightforward solvent washing procedure, the prominent blue luminescent component BG dimer was obtained in gram scale with >93% purity (96.5% purity after fractional sublimation). The BG dimer exhibited distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. PL measurements indicate that the electronically excited state of the BG dimer undergoes efficient intramolecular nonradiative deactivation in room-temperature solution, leading to a significantly reduced PLQE (<0.1%) in solution. These nonradiative processes are substantially inhibited when the dimer existed in the form of crystals, solid aggregates in solution or being fixed in a rigid polymer film, resulting in a significant increase in the PLQE and lifetime. This work not only provided a new understanding for PL properties of self-condensation luminescent products but also represented an unconventional strategy for large-scale preparation of organic luminogens with high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Meng
- School of Chemistry and Physics & Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Chenhui Han
- School of Chemistry and Physics & Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Andrew D Scully
- Ian Wark Laboratories, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Qi Xiao
- Ian Wark Laboratories, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aidan J Brock
- School of Chemistry and Physics & Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Tadahiko Hirai
- Ian Wark Laboratories, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Melissa Skidmore
- Ian Wark Laboratories, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - John C McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics & Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Jingsan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Physics & Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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31
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Cui Y, An X, Zhang S, Tang Q, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Emerging graphitic carbon nitride-based membranes for water purification. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117207. [PMID: 34020332 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation is a promising technology that can effectively remove various existing contaminants from water with low energy consumption and small carbon footprint. The critical issue of membrane technology development is to obtain a low-cost, stable, tunable and multifunctional material for membrane fabrication. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising membrane material, owing to the unique structure characteristics and outstanding catalytic activity. This review paper outlined the advanced material strategies used to regulate the molecule structure of g-C3N4 for membrane separation. The presentative progresses on the applications of g-C3N4-based membranes for water purification have been elaborated. Essentially, we highlighted the innovation integration of physical separation, catalysis and energy conversion during water purification, which was of great importance for the sustainability of water treatment techniques. Finally, the continuing challenges of g-C3N4-based membranes and the possible breakthrough directions in the future research was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingwen Tang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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32
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Xu H, Ye Q, Zhang J, Li Q, Wang M, Zhou P, Zhou G, Wang Q. Oxygen functionalized g-C 3N 4 strengthen Fe(III)/H 2O 2 system by accelerating Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles under natural solar light: A mutual-promoting configuration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146280. [PMID: 34030394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In response to the inherent restriction of low Fe(II) regeneration in the Fenton process, this study demonstrated a mutual-promoting configuration, where oxygen functionalized g-C3N4 (OCN) was applied in Fe(III)/H2O2 system to utilize mild natural solar light (SL) for persistent Fe(II) generation. The constructed OCN/Fe(III)/H2O2/SL system exhibited strong adaptability to various pollutants, and it well outperformed the g-C3N4 (GCN) modified system and the traditional Fenton system in pollutants degradation efficiency. Compared with GCN, OCN could significantly promote the Fe(II) generation under solar light (SL), leading to more efficient H2O2 activation. The characterization analyses revealed the larger surface area and enhanced charge separation of OCN, which were considered to take main responsibility for its enhanced photoactivity. The complexation of Fe(III) with the carboxyl groups of OCN also benefited the Fe(II) generation. ·OH was detected as the dominant radical responsible for metronidazole (MNZ) degradation, and its production in the OCN modified system was about twice that in the GCN modified system and the Fenton system. Moreover, the precipitation of FeOx on the OCN surface benefited the charge separation of the OCN, so that the improved OCN enabled a slight enhancement of MNZ degradation in the reuse experiments. The intermediates of MNZ degradation were analyzed based on the results of LC-MS, which provided insight into MNZ degradation pathways. This work highlighted the concept of self-improving photocatalyst, the ingenious combination of photocatalysis and Fenton-like system formed a mutual-promoting situation where the OCN and the Fenton-like system could both be improved, which endowed the configuration great potential for green and economical oxidation in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Qian Ye
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Qiansong Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Meijing Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, PR China.
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Adler C, Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, dos Santos‐Gómez L, García‐Granda S, Neumann C, Kund J, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B, Turchanin A, Beranek R. Sol-Gel Processing of Water-Soluble Carbon Nitride Enables High-Performance Photoanodes*. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2170-2179. [PMID: 33576576 PMCID: PMC8248241 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the enormous promise that polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials hold for various applications, the fabrication of high-quality, binder-free PCN films and electrodes has been a largely elusive goal to date. Here, we tackle this challenge by devising, for the first time, a water-based sol-gel approach that enables facile preparation of thin films based on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a polymer belonging to the PCN family. The sol-gel process capitalizes on the use of a water-soluble PHI precursor that allows formation of a non-covalent hydrogel. The hydrogel can be deposited on conductive substrates, resulting in formation of mechanically stable polymeric thin layers. The resulting photoanodes exhibit unprecedented photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in alcohol reforming and highly selective (∼100 %) conversions with very high photocurrents (>0.25 mA cm-2 under 2 sun) down to <0 V vs. RHE. This enables even effective PEC operation under zero-bias conditions and represents the very first example of a 'soft matter'-based PEC system capable of bias-free photoreforming. The robust binder-free films derived from sol-gel processing of water-soluble PCN thus constitute a new paradigm for high-performance 'soft matter' photoelectrocatalytic systems and pave the way for further applications in which high-quality PCN films are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Lucía dos Santos‐Gómez
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Santiago García‐Granda
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Julian Kund
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
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Double S-scheme AgBr heterojunction co-modified with g-C3N4 and black phosphorus nanosheets greatly improves the photocatalytic activity and stability. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang Z, Li L, Yu H, Liu M, Chi Y, Sha J, Xu S. Facile synthesis of highly crystalline g-C 3N 4 nanosheets with remarkable visible light photocatalytic activity for antibiotics removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129503. [PMID: 33450426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
g-C3N4 has attracted much attention in photocatalysis field because of its good visible light response. However, its photocatalytic activity is still greatly limited by fast carriers recombination and small specific surface. In order to promote carriers separation and pollutants adsorption, a facile synthesis scheme combining hydrothermal method with secondary calcination process under N2 gas protection was developed, and highly crystalline g-C3N4 nanosheets (HCCNNS) were successfully prepared. During ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) degradation, it showed excellent visible light photocatalytic activity, wherein CIP and SMZ with 10 mg/L could achieve degradation efficiency of 98.4% and 96.9% in 60 min under visible light irradiation. Compared with conventional g-C3N4, the degradation rate constants were enhanced by 6.9 and 5.8 times, respectively. From the perspectives of morphology, optical property and surface chemistry, the ultra-high activity of HCCNNS is mainly attributed to its highly crystalline structure and nanosheet morphology, which not only reduce the carriers transfer resistance, promote the pollutants adsorption capability, but also expand the light absorption range, and promote the carriers separation. Furthermore, the synthesis procedure of HCCNNS possesses the nature of high yield and excellent cost performance, thus, HCCNNS possesses great potential for mass production and practical application for antibiotics removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Lulu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Microbial Technology Institute and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Meina Liu
- Textile Department, Engineering College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265713, China.
| | - Yinghua Chi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jianhua Sha
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Shiping Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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36
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Liu X, Xing S, Xu Y, Chen R, Lin C, Guo L. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-derived graphitic carbon nitride for photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119363. [PMID: 33422878 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been shown as a promising visible-light photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficiency is limited by the low efficiency of visible-light utilization. To overcome this issue, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-derived graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N5 NSs) are prepared for PDT application. The addition of nitrogen-rich triazole group into the g-C3N4 motif significantly makes the light absorption of g-C3N5 NSs red-shift with the band gap down to 1.95 eV, corresponding to a absorption edge at a wavelength of 636 nm. g-C3N5 NSs generate superoxide anion radicals (O2•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under the irradiation of a low-intensity white light emitting diode. Owing to the high efficiency of visible-light utilization, g-C3N5 NSs show about 9.5 fold photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 NSs. In vitro anticancer studies based on the results of CCK-8 assay, Calcein-AM/PI cell-survival assay and photo-induced intracellular ROS level analysis in living HeLa cells demonstrate the potential of g-C3N5 NSs as a low-toxic and biocompatible high-efficient photosensitizer for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuanteng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China.
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Chang Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Liangqia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Zhang D, He W, Ye J, Gao X, Wang D, Song J. Polymeric Carbon Nitride-Derived Photocatalysts for Water Splitting and Nitrogen Fixation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005149. [PMID: 33690963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising energy conversion and environmental restoration technology. The main focus of photocatalysis is the development and manufacture of highly efficient photocatalysts. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis technology based on harnessing solar energy is considered as an attractive approach to solve the problems of global energy shortage and environmental pollution. Since 2009 pioneering work has been carried out on polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) for visible photocatalytic water splitting, thus PCN-based photocatalysis has become a hot research topic, demanding significant research attention. This article reviews the physical and chemical properties, synthesis methods, and the methods to control the morphology, heteroatom doping, and construction of heterojunctions to improve the performance of PCN-based photocatalysts in water splitting and nitrogen fixation. Through different design strategies, the photo-generated electron-hole pair separation efficiency of PCN materials can be effectively improved, thereby improving their photocatalytic performance. Finally, the challenges of PCN-based photocatalysts in water splitting and nitrogen fixation applications are discussed herein. It is strongly believed that through different design strategies, efficient PCN-based photocatalysts can be constructed for both water splitting and nitrogen reduction. These excellent modification strategies can be used as a guiding theory for photocatalytic reactions of other promising catalysts and further promote the development of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wen He
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- MOE key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, P. R. China
| | - Debao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu X, Chen Y, Su C, Tang Z, Li Y, Xing G. Metal Halide Perovskite/2D Material Heterostructures: Syntheses and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000937. [PMID: 34927847 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed the great success achieved by metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in photovoltaic and related fields. However, challenges still remain in further improving their performance, as well as, settling the stability issue for future commercialization. Recently, MHP/2D material heterostructures that combining MHPs with the low-cost and solution-processable 2D materials have demonstrated unprecedented improvement in both performance and stability due to the distinctive features at hetero-interface. The diverse fabrication techniques of MHPs and 2D materials allow them to be assembled as heterostructures with different configurations in a variety of ways. Moreover, the large families of MHPs and 2D materials provide the opportunity for the rational design and modification on compositions and functionalities of MHP/2D materials heterostructures. Herein, a comprehensive review of MHP/2D material heterostructures from syntheses to applications is presented. First, various fabrication techniques for MHP/2D material heterostructures are introduced by classifying them into solid-state methods and solution-processed methods. Then the applications of MHP/2D heterostructures in various fields including photodetectors, solar cells, and photocatalysis are summarized in detail. Finally, current challenges for the development of MHP/2D material heterostructures are highlighted, and future opportunities for the advancements in this research field are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology (ICL-2D MOST), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology (ICL-2D MOST), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology (ICL-2D MOST), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Ying Li
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology (ICL-2D MOST), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
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Li P, Ma G, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. An electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer system for highly sensitive detection of brombuterol. Talanta 2021; 223:121687. [PMID: 33303140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system was established based on the modified graphite phase carbon nitride to detect brombuterol residues in food. The ultrasonic-assisted acidification exfoliation modification improved the conductivity and specific surface area of the graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4). In addition, the carboxylated g-C3N4 nanosheets as ECL donors and the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles as ECL acceptors could respectively directly carry antigen and antibody. Therefore, the trouble of introducing additional bridge molecules was avoided. A competitive immunoassay strategy was used for the detection of brombuterol, where brombuterol in the sample would compete with the coating antigen for the limited binding sites on antibody. The proposed ECL immunosensor for brombuterol detection exhibited high sensitivity with a wide linear range from 0.001 ng mL-1 to 1000 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit at 0.31 pg mL-1. This work adopts a very simple way to design the sensor without losing its sensitivity, bringing convenience to its possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Guoyu Ma
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Bai X, Wang X, Lu X, Hou S, Sun B, Wang C, Jia T, Yang S. High crystallinity and conjugation promote the polarization degree in O-doped g-C 3N 4 for removing organic pollutants. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High crystallinity and extended conjugated system improve the polarization of O-doped g-C3N4, which efficiently promotes carrier separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xiongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Boxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shengqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
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Wang R, Yang P, Wang S, Wang X. Regulating morphological and electronic structures of polymeric carbon nitrides by successive copolymerization and stream reforming for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Greatly reinforced photocatalytic CO2 reduction is realized with carbon nitride polymers tailored via a coupled copolymerization and stream reforming strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Pengju Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
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Muhmood T, Cai Z, Lin S, Xiao J, Hu X, Ahmad F. Graphene/graphitic carbon nitride decorated with AgBr to boost photoelectrochemical performance with enhanced catalytic ability. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:505602. [PMID: 33006324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb48a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) bridge between two semiconductors (AgBr and graphitic carbon nitride) was created to boost photoelectrochemical performance. The heterojunction created makes the whole system a Z-scheme catalyst. For the construction of this catalyst, the syringe pump methodology was adopted and different analytical techniques were used for the confirmation of structure and morphology. High angle annular dark field (HAADF), dark field (DF), DF-4 and DF-2 techniques, using Z-contrast phenomena, confirmed the heterostructure (ABGCN) and its composition. The constructed structure showed an enhanced photoelectrochemical and catalytic property against 'acute toxicity category-III (MM)' and 'category-IV (tetracycline hydrochloride (TH))' organic pollutants. The constructed catalyst degraded the MM in 57 min and the TH in 35 min with degradation rates of 0.01489 min-1 and 0.02387 min-1, respectively, due to the accumulation of photogenerated electrons on the conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4 and photogenerated holes on the valence band (VB) of AgBr by the transformation of charges through the graphene bridge. An ion trapping study also revealed that ·O2 and h+ were the active species which actively participated in the photocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Muhmood
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihe Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Jia C, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xiao K, Xu J, Liu J. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Films: Emerging Paradigm for Versatile Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53571-53591. [PMID: 33210913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a well-known two-dimensional conjugated polymer semiconductor that has been broadly applied in photocatalysis-related fields. However, further developments of g-C3N4, especially in device applications, have been constrained by the inherent limitations of its insoluble nature and particulate properties. Recent breakthroughs in fabrication methods of g-C3N4 films have led to innovative and inspiring applications in many fields. In this review, we first summarize the fabrication of continuous and thin films, either supported on substrates or as free-standing membranes. Then, the novel properties and application of g-C3N4 films are the focus of the current review. Finally, some underlying challenges and the future developments of g-C3N4 films are tentatively discussed. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive and timely summary of g-C3N4 film research to the wide audience in the field of conjugated polymer semiconductor-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Yizhu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Colloids Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jingsan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
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Chen X, Weng M, Lan M, Weng Z, Wang J, Guo L, Lin Z, Qiu B. Superior antibacterial activity of sulfur-doped g-C 3N 4 nanosheets dispersed by Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg's polysaccharides-3 solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:453-463. [PMID: 33275975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance has become a serious global health issue over the past decades due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. The development of effective antibacterial drugs with a new antibacterial mechanism is thus very critical. At present, there are many reports on the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of two-dimensional materials. Currently, the modification of g-C3N4 materials, as widely used two-dimensional materials, has become a key step in extending their potential applications in the field of antimicrobial therapy. In the present work, we prepared sulfur-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets (SCNNSs), which have good water dispersibility and sharp tips. The electrostatic interaction of SCNNSs with Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg's polysaccharide-3 (THDG-3) provides a new strategy that can improve the killing efficiency of SCNNSs. In addition, THDG-3 can rapidly inhibit bacterial proliferation in the early stage of administration. Combined with the antibacterial activity of the SCNNSs, TPS/SCNNSs can inhibit bacteria for a long time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) after administration of the materials revealed that the bacterial cells were ruptured and their intracellular contents were completely separated from the cell membrane. Therefore, we speculate that the bactericidal mechanism of the TPS/SCNNSs probably involves cell membrane damage. In summary, TPS/SCNNSs achieve fast, long-term, dual-function bacteriostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Maojin Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Eel Farming and Processing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China.
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Niu WJ, He JZ, Wang YP, Sun QQ, Liu WW, Zhang LY, Liu MC, Liu MJ, Chueh YL. A hybrid transition metal nanocrystal-embedded graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet system as a superior oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19644-19654. [PMID: 32966500 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we, for the first time, demonstrate a general solid-phase pyrolysis method to synthesize hybrid transition metal nanocrystal-embedded graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets, namely M-CNNs, as a highly efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). The ratios between metallic acetylacetonates and the g-C3N4 precursor can be controlled where Fe-CNNs-0.7, Ni-CNNs-0.7 and Co-NNs-0.7 composites have been optimized to exhibit superior ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalytic activities. Specifically, Co-CNNs-0.7 exhibited not only a comparable half-wave potential (0.803 V vs. RHE) to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.832 V) with a larger current density for the ORR but also a lower overpotential (440 mV) toward the OER compared with the commercial IrO2 catalyst (460 mV), revealing impressive application in rechargeable ZABs. As a result, ZABs using Co-CNNs-0.7 as the cathode exhibited an excellent peak power density of 85.3 mW cm-2 with a specific capacity of 675.7 mA h g-1 and remarkable cycling stability of 1000 cycles, outperforming the commercially available Pt/C + IrO2 catalysts. This study highlights the synergy from heterointerfaces in oxygen electrocatalysis, thus providing a promising approach for advanced metal-air cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Huang J, Wang H, Yu H, Zhang Q, Cao Y, Peng F. Oxygen Doping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5041-5049. [PMID: 32662925 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of oxygenic groups could remarkably enhance the light absorption and charge separation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ). The intrinsic role of oxygenic species on photocatalytic activity in g-C3 N4 has been intensively studied, but it is still not fully explored. Herein, the essential relationships between oxygenic functionalities and the catalytic performance are revealed. Results demonstrate that C-O-C functionality as an electron trap could help to increase the resistance of conduction transfer (Rct ) by limiting electrons transfer in CNx. In contrast, N-C-O functionality between different tri-s-triazine unites could promote the electrons transfer, leading to a reduced Rct in CNx. The best H2 production rate (3.70 mmol h-1 g-1 , 12.76-fold higher than that of CN) is obtained over CN3, because of the highest N-C-O ratio (rN-C-O ). The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of CN3 at 405 nm, 420 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm and 550 nm is 33.90 %, 20.88 %, 8.25 %, 3.66 % and 1.01 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Qin J, Barrio J, Peng G, Tzadikov J, Abisdris L, Volokh M, Shalom M. Direct growth of uniform carbon nitride layers with extended optical absorption towards efficient water-splitting photoanodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4701. [PMID: 32943629 PMCID: PMC7499157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A general synthesis of carbon nitride (CN) films with extended optical absorption, excellent charge separation under illumination, and outstanding performance as a photoanode in water-splitting photoelectrochemical cells is reported. To this end, we introduced a universal method to rapidly grow CN monomers directly from a hot saturated solution on various substrates. Upon calcination, a highly uniform carbon nitride layer with tuned structural and photophysical properties and in intimate contact with the substrate is obtained. Detailed photoelectrochemical and structural studies reveal good photoresponse up to 600 nm, excellent hole extraction efficiency (up to 62%) and strong adhesion of the CN layer to the substrate. The best CN photoanode demonstrates a benchmark-setting photocurrent density of 353 µA cm−2 (51% faradaic efficiency for oxygen), and external quantum yield value above 12% at 450 nm at 1.23 V versus RHE in an alkaline solution, as well as low onset potential and good stability. Photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) can convert sunlight and water directly to a hydrogen fuel. Here a robust metal-free carbon nitride-based layer is used as an efficient photoanode for water-splitting PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Guiming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jonathan Tzadikov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Liel Abisdris
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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Three-dimensional P-doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheets as an efficient metal-free photocatalyst for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B model pollutant. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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50
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An electrochemical sensor based on Pt/g-C3N4/polyaniline nanocomposite for detection of Hg2+. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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