1
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Kuziola J, Nöthling N, Leutzsch M, Cornella J. Synthesis and characterization of chlorotriarylbismuthonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:10532-10535. [PMID: 39229666 PMCID: PMC11372555 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis and structural study of a family of chlorotriarylbismuthonium salts. The abstraction of a chlorine atom with NaBArF from triarylbismuth dichloride species leads to monomeric and dimeric chlorotriarylbismuthonium species, which show a distinct behavior in solution and solid-state in comparison to their fluorotriarylbismuthonium analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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2
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Guo G, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Z. Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Reaction to Synthesis Unsymmetrical Diarylmethanes. Molecules 2024; 29:2156. [PMID: 38731647 PMCID: PMC11085496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of aryl acetic acids and aryl nitriles has been achieved under an argon atmosphere in high yields. This method provides a fast way to obtain prevalent aryl acetic acids from an abundant natural source. A tentative radical mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Guo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Oil and Gas Resources, College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
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3
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Zang Y, Ma Y, Xu Q, Li G, Chen N, Li X, Zhu F. TiCl 4-mediated deoxygenative reduction of aromatic ketones to alkylarenes with ammonia borane. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:932-939. [PMID: 38180250 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A rapid and mild protocol for the exhaustive deoxygenation of various aromatic ketones to corresponding alkanes was described, which was mediated by TiCl4 and used ammonia borane (AB) as the reductant. This reduction protocol applies to a wide range of substrates in moderate to excellent yields at room temperature. The gram-scale reaction and syntheses of some key building blocks for SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated the practicability of this methodology. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the ketone is first converted into an alcohol, which then undergoes a carbocation to give the alkane via hydrogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Anhui Anlito Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Anhui Huoshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, 237200, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Guosi Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Naidong Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Xing Li
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Fucheng Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, P.R. China.
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4
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Gu LJ, Li CY, Niu XY, Liu XL, Bu ZW, Wang QL. Organophosphine as an Alkyl Transfer Shuttle for the Direct β-Alkylation of Chalcones Using Alkyl Halides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:534-539. [PMID: 36534447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient alkyl transfer strategy for the direct β-alkylation of chalcones using commercially available alkyl bromides as alkyl reagents. In this transformation, the ortho-phosphanyl substituent in the chalcones is crucial for controlling their reactivity and selectivity. It also serves as a reliable alkyl transfer shuttle to transform electrophilic alkyl bromides into nucleophilic alkyl species in the form of quaternary phosphonium salts and transfer the alkyl group effectively to the β-position of the chalcones. This alkyl transfer strategy can be further extended to the alkenylation of ortho-phosphanyl benzaldehydes to assemble functionalized polyenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China
| | - Chao-Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- Guizhou Medicine Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China
| | - Zhan-Wei Bu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China
| | - Qi-Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China
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5
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Basemann K, Riley KM, Becker JJ, Gagné MR. Iodenium or Phosphonium: The Ambi-Valent Character of Iodophosphonium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17550-17556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Basemann
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599-3290, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Riley
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599-3290, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Becker
- U.S. Army Research Office, P.O. Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina27709, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599-3290, United States
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6
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Sun K, Xu Z, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical deoxygenative reduction of ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11155-11158. [PMID: 36106949 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction via paired electrolysis has been used to achieve deoxygenative reduction of ketones. As a result of the complexing of ketones with the triphenylphosphine radical cation generated by anodic oxidation, the reduction of carbonyl groups occurs readily. Through spontaneous β-scission of phosphoranyl radicals, C-O bonds are cleaved to form benzylic radical intermediates. These radical species are either able to abstract hydrogen from MeCN or undergo reduction at the cathode to give carbanions, upon workup forming reductive hydrogenation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhui Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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7
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Danelzik T, Joseph S, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. Benzotriazolium Salts: Emergent Readily Accessible Bench-Stable Lewis Acid Catalysts. Org Lett 2022; 24:6105-6110. [PMID: 35972895 PMCID: PMC9434991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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In this work, benzotriazolium salts have been introduced
as efficient,
readily accessible, bench-stable Lewis acid catalysts. Though these
sorts of N-heterocyclic compounds have found wide applications as
ionic liquids or electrolytes, their Lewis acid catalytic activity
remained unexplored. Herein, their potential as Lewis acid catalysts
was demonstrated in two prototypical allylic and Nazarov cyclization
reactions, showing a matching reactivity and allowing low catalytic
loadings (down to 0.5 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Danelzik
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sumi Joseph
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes by Chloronium Ion Abstraction from 2-Chloroazolium Salts Using Electron-Rich Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202190. [PMID: 35230738 PMCID: PMC9401039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are commonly prepared by deprotonation of azolium salts using strong anionic bases. This reaction is often unselective, yielding alkali metal NHC complexes or dimerized NHCs. Alternatively, free NHCs are obtained by the dechlorination of 2-chloroazolium salts using electron-rich phosphines. PPh3 , PCy3 , and PtBu3 are unsuitable for Cl+ abstraction, while the sterically encumbered tris(1,3-tert-butylimidazolidin-2-ylidenamino)phosphine 1 selectively removes Cl+ from 2-chloroazolium salts. Since bulky 1 does not bind to metal complexes, it was used for the preparation of NHC complexes via in situ Cl+ abstraction from 2-chloroazolium salts. The dechlorination was employed for the site-selective monometallation with IrI , IrIII , RhI , RhIII , and RuII of a bis-NHC precursor composed of a 2-chlorobenzimidazolium and a 2-chlorobenzimidazole group, followed by the preparation of the heterobimetallic IrIII /PdII complex [18](BF4 )2 by a dechlorination/oxidative addition reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3948149MünsterGermany
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institute of General and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institute of General and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3948149MünsterGermany
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3948149MünsterGermany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3948149MünsterGermany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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9
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Quaternary phosphonium salts in the synthetic chemistry: Recent progress, development, and future perspectives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Böhme MD, Eder T, Röthel MB, Dutschke PD, Wilm LFB, Hahn FE, Dielmann F. Synthese
N
‐heterocyclischer Carbene und ihrer Komplexe durch Chloroniumionabstraktion von 2‐Chlorazoliumsalzen mit elektronenreichen Phosphanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tobias Eder
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Patrick D. Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 39 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Allgemeine und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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11
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Kuziola J, Magre M, Nöthling N, Cornella J. Synthesis and Structure of Mono-, Di-, and Trinuclear Fluorotriarylbismuthonium Cations. Organometallics 2022; 41:1754-1762. [PMID: 36156903 PMCID: PMC9490813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A series of cationic
fluorotriarylbismuthonium salts bearing differently
substituted aryl groups (Ar = 9,9-Me2-9H-xanthene, Ph,
Mes, and 3,5-tBu-C6H3) have
been synthesized and characterized. While the presence of simple phenyl
substituents around the Bi center results in a polymeric structure
with three Bi centers in the repeating monomer, substituents at the ortho- and meta-positions lead to cationic
mono- and dinuclear fluorobismuthonium complexes, respectively. Preparation
of all compounds is accomplished by fluoride abstraction from the
parent triaryl Bi(V) difluorides using NaBArF (BArF– = B[C6H3-3,5-(CF3)2]4–). Structural
parameters were obtained via single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD),
and their behavior in solution was studied by NMR spectroscopy. Trinuclear
and binuclear complexes are held together through one bridging fluoride
(μ-F) between two Bi(V) centers. In contrast, the presence of
Me groups in both ortho-positions of the aryl ring
provides the adequate steric encumbrance to isolate a unique mononuclear
nonstabilized fluorotriarylbismuthonium cation. This compound features
a distorted tetrahedral geometry and is remarkably stable at room
temperature both in solution (toluene, benzene and THF) and in the
solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kuziola
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Marc Magre
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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12
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Zhang B, Guo X, Tao L, Li R, Lin Z, Zhao W. Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective and Chemoselective Deoxygenative Reduction of 1,3-Diketones. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Ruolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P.R. China
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13
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Abstract
AbstractThe distinguishing feature of α-cationic phosphines is the presence of at least one substituent, normally (hetero)cyclic and positively charged, which is directly attached to the phosphorus atom. As result from this unique substitution pattern, the thus designed ligands depict significantly diminished donor properties if compared with their neutral counterparts. Thus, if in a hypothetical catalytic cycle, the step that determines the rate is facilitated by an increase of the electrophilicity at the metal center; then, the use of α-cationic ancillary phosphines can be highly beneficial. This fact, combined with their easy syntheses and stability, which allows an easy handling, make α-cationic phosphines a useful tool for the synthetic practitioner. Our research on the topic demonstrates that generally a remarkable ligand acceleration effect is observed when α-cationic phosphines are employed in Au(I)- and Pt(II)-promoted cycloisomerizations; moreover, in some cases even otherwise not operative transformations can be promoted. This Account describes how we entered into the topic, our efforts, and those of others to understand the coordination behavior of α-cationic phosphines and further develop their range of applications in catalysis; but it also identifies the drawbacks associated with their use, which limit their range of application.1 Introduction2 Polycationic Phosphines: Stronger Acceptors than Phosphites3 Inconveniences Derived from the Use of (Poly)cationic phosphines4 A Second Generation of Cationic Ligands: α-Pyridiniophosphines5 Chiral α-Cationic Phosphines6 α-Radical Phosphines and (Poly)cationic Phosphine Oxides7 Conclusions and Outlook
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14
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Li Z, Yang S, Li H. Sustainable catalyst-free N-formylation using CO2 as a carbon source. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:187-196. [PMID: 34719366 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666211022160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of new sustainable catalytic conversion methods of carbon dioxide (CO2) is of great interest in the synthesis of valuable chemicals. N-formylation of CO2 with amine nucleophiles as substrates has been studied in depth. The key to benign formylation is to select a suitable reducing agent to activate CO2. This paper showcases the activation modes of CO2 and the construction strategies of sustainable and catalyst-free N-formylation systems. The research progress of catalyst-free N-formylation of amines and CO2 is reviewed. There are two broad prominent categories, namely reductive amidation of CO2 facilitated by organic solvents and ionic liquids in the presence of hydrosilane. Attention is also paid to discussing the involved reaction mechanism with practical applications and identifying the remaining challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, Guizhou. China
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15
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Cook A, MacLean H, St. Onge P, Newman SG. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Deoxygenation of Diverse C–O Bond-Bearing Functional Groups. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Haydn MacLean
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Piers St. Onge
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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16
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Wu R, Gao K. B(C 6F 5) 3-catalyzed tandem protonation/deuteration and reduction of in situ-formed enamines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4032-4036. [PMID: 33871498 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient B(C6F5)3-catalyzed tandem protonation/deuteration and reduction of in situ-formed enamines in the presence of water and pinacolborane was developed. Regioselective β-deuteration of tertiary amines was achieved with high chemo- and regioselectivity. D2O was used as a readily available and cheap source of deuterium. Mechanistic studies indicated that B(C6F5)3 could activate water to promote the protonation and reduction of enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Ke Gao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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17
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Manel A, Berreur J, Leroux FR, Panossian A. Electrophilic fluorosulfoxonium cations as hidden Brønsted acid catalysts in ( n + 2) annulations of strained cycloalkanes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fluorosulfoxonium cation and triflic acid were shown to promote (n + 2) annulations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes or -butanes with 1,2-dipoles, with different activity and selectivity but a presumed similar role as (hidden) Brønsted acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Manel
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jordan Berreur
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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19
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Bornemann D, Pitts CR, Wettstein L, Brüning F, Küng S, Guan L, Trapp N, Grützmacher H, Togni A. Desoxyfluorierung von Phosphanoxiden: Ein allgemeiner Weg zu fluorierten Organophosphor(V)‐Verbindungen und noch mehr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Bornemann
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA USA
| | - Lionel Wettstein
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Fabian Brüning
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Sebastian Küng
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Liangyu Guan
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA USA
| | - Nils Trapp
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Antonio Togni
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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20
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Bornemann D, Pitts CR, Wettstein L, Brüning F, Küng S, Guan L, Trapp N, Grützmacher H, Togni A. Deoxygenative Fluorination of Phosphine Oxides: A General Route to Fluorinated Organophosphorus(V) Compounds and Beyond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22790-22795. [PMID: 32852879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated organophosphorus(V) compounds are a very versatile class of compounds, but the synthetic methods available to make them bear the disadvantages of 1) occasional handling of toxic or pyrophoric PIII starting materials and 2) a dependence on hazardous fluorinating reagents such as XeF2 . Herein, we present a simple solution and introduce a deoxygenative fluorination (DOF) approach that utilizes easy-to-handle phosphine oxides as starting materials and effectively replaces harsh fluorinating reagents by a combination of oxalyl chloride and potassium fluoride. The reaction has proven to be general, as R3 PF2 , R2 PF3 , and RPF4 compounds (as well as various cations and anions derived from these) are accessible in good yields and on up to a multi-gram scale. DFT calculations were used to bolster our observations. Notably, the discovery of this new method led to a convenient synthesis of 1) new difluorophosphonium ions, 2) hexafluorophosphate salts, and 3) fluorinated antimony- and arsenic- compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Bornemann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Wettstein
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brüning
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Küng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liangyu Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nils Trapp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Recyclabl Metal (Ni, Fe) Cluster Designed Catalyst for Cellulose Pyrolysis to Upgrade Bio-Oil. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new recyclable catalyst for pyrolysis has been developed by combining calculations and experimental methods. In order to understand the properties of the new cluster designed catalysts, cellulose (a major component of plants) as a biomass model compound was pyrolyzed and catalyzed with different cluster designed catalysts. The NiaFeb (2 ≤ a + b ≤ 6) catalyst clusters structures were calculated by using Gaussian and Materials Studio software to determine the relationships between catalyst structure and bio-oil components, which is essential to design cluster designed catalysts that can improve bio-oil quality. GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil was used to measure the effects on the different catalyst interactions with cellulose. It was found that the NiFe cluster designed catalysts can increase the yield of bio-oil from 35.8% ± 0.9% to 41.1% ± 0.6% and change the bio-oil composition without substantially increasing the water content, while substantially decreasing the sugar concentration from 40.1% ± 1.3% to 27.5% ± 0.9% and also producing a small amount of hydrocarbon compounds. The catalyst with a high Ni ratio also had high Gibbs free energy, ΔG, likely also influencing the decrease of sugar and acid while increasing the ketone concentrations. These results indicate the theoretical calculations can enhance the design next-generation cluster designed catalysts to improve bio-oil composition based upon experiments.
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22
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Kannan R, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Chambenahalli R, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Electrophilic Organobismuth Dication Catalyzes Carbonyl Hydrosilylation. Chemistry 2020; 26:12717-12721. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Eluvathingal D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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23
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24
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Mehta M, Goicoechea JM. Nitrenium Salts in Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2715-2719. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mehta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Rd. Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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26
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Kannan R, Chambenahalli R, Kumar S, Krishna A, Andrews AP, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Organoaluminum cations for carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14629-14632. [PMID: 31746857 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In search of stable, yet reactive aluminum Lewis acids, we have isolated an organoaluminum cation, [(Me2NC6H4)2Al(C4H8O)2]+, coordinated with two labile tetrahydrofuran ligands. Its catalytic performance in aldehyde dimerization reveals turn-over frequencies reaching up to 6000 h-1, exceeding that of the reported main group catalysts. The cation is further demonstrated to catalyze hydroelementation of ketones. Mechanistic investigations reveal that aldehyde dimerization and ketone hydrosilylation occur through carbonyl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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27
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Han C, Zhang Z, Xu S, Wang K, Chen K, Zhao J. Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Coupling of Benzylic Ammonium Salts via C–N Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16308-16313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Silin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Kaiting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P.R. China
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28
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Tseng HC, Shen CT, Matsumoto K, Shih DN, Liu YH, Peng SM, Yamaguchi S, Lin YF, Chiu CW. [η5-Cp*B-Mes]+: A Masked Potent Boron Lewis Acid. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Ching Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ding-Nan Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shi-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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29
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Olaru M, Schröder A, Albers L, Duvinage D, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Functionalized Fluorophosphonium Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:9861-9865. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Artem Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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30
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Gilhula JC, Radosevich AT. Tetragonal phosphorus(v) cations as tunable and robust catalytic Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7177-7182. [PMID: 31588285 PMCID: PMC6685354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported.
The synthesis and catalytic reactivity of a class of water-tolerant cationic phosphorus-based Lewis acids is reported. Corrole-based phosphorus(v) cations of the type [ArP(cor)][B(C6F5)4] (Ar = C6H5, 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3; cor = 5,10,15-(C6H5)3corrolato3–, 5,10,15-(C6F5)3corrolato3–) were synthesized and characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction. The visible electronic absorption spectra of these cationic phosphacorroles depend strongly on the coordination environment at phosphorus, and their Lewis acidities are quantified by spectrophotometric titrations. DFT analyses establish that the character of the P-acceptor orbital comprises P–N antibonding interactions in the basal plane of the phosphacorrole. Consequently, the cationic phosphacorroles display unprecedented stability to water and alcohols while remaining highly active and robust Lewis acid catalysts for carbonyl hydrosilylation, Csp3–H bond functionalization, and carbohydrate deoxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Gilhula
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA 02139 , USA .
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31
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Süsse L, LaFortune JHW, Stephan DW, Oestreich M. Axially Chiral, Electrophilic Fluorophosphonium Cations: Synthesis, Lewis Acidity, and Reactivity in the Hydrosilylation of Ketones. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - James H. W. LaFortune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Andrews RJ, Chitnis SS, Stephan DW. Carbonyl and olefin hydrosilylation mediated by an air-stable phosphorus(iii) dication under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5599-5602. [PMID: 31020971 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The readily-accessible, air-stable Lewis acid [(terpy)PPh][B(C6F5)4]21 is shown to mediate the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and olefins. The utility and mechanism of these hydrosilylations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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33
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Wang S, Zhou P, Jiang L, Zhang Z, Deng K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Bottle S, Zhu H. Selective deoxygenation of carbonyl groups at room temperature and atmospheric hydrogen pressure over nitrogen-doped carbon supported Pd catalyst. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Stepen AJ, Bursch M, Grimme S, Stephan DW, Paradies J. Electrophilic Phosphonium Cation‐Mediated Phosphane Oxide Reduction Using Oxalyl Chloride and Hydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15253-15256. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne J. Stepen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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35
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Stepen AJ, Bursch M, Grimme S, Stephan DW, Paradies J. Reduktion von Phosphanoxiden mit Oxalylchlorid und Wasserstoff, vermittelt durch ein elektrophiles Phosphoniumkation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne J. Stepen
- Department ChemieUniversität Paderborn Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Kanada
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Kanada
| | - Jan Paradies
- Department ChemieUniversität Paderborn Warburger Straße 100 33098 Paderborn Deutschland
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36
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Kostenko A, Dobrovetsky R. The Role of the Fluoro-Hydrido-Phosphorane Intermediate in Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Acetophenone: Computational Study. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arseni Kostenko
- A School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- A School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; 69978 Tel Aviv Israel
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37
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Vogler M, Süsse L, LaFortune JHW, Stephan DW, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Phosphonium Cations as Lewis Acid Catalysts in Diels–Alder Reactions and Nazarov Cyclizations. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vogler
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - James H. W. LaFortune
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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38
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39
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Dong Z, Yuan J, Xiao Y, Mao P, Wang W. Room Temperature Chemoselective Deoxygenation of Aromatic Ketones and Aldehydes Promoted by a Tandem Pd/TiO 2 + FeCl 3 Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11067-11073. [PMID: 30126268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and practical protocol for the chemoselective deoxygenation of various aromatic ketones and aldehydes was described, which used a tandem catalyst composed of heterogeneous Pd/TiO2 + homogeneous FeCl3 with the green hydrogen source, polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). The developed catalytic system was robust and scalable, as exemplified by the deoxygenation of acetophenone, which was performed on a gram scale in an atmospheric environment utilizing only 0.4 mol % Pd/TiO2 + 10 mol % FeCl3 catalyst to give the corresponding ethylbenzene in 96% yield within 10 min at room temperature. Furthermore, the Pd/TiO2 catalyst was shown to be recyclable up to three times without an observable decrease in efficiency and it exhibited low metal leaching under the reaction conditions. Insights toward the reaction mechanism of Pd-catalyzed reductive deoxygenation for aromatic ketones and aldehydes were investigated through operando IR, NMR, and GC-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Lianhua Street 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Lianhua Street 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Lianhua Street 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Pu Mao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Lianhua Street 100 , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongshan Road 457 , Dalian 116023 , China
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40
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Swidan A, Suter R, Macdonald CLB, Burford N. Tris(benzoimidazol)amine (L) complexes of pnictogen(iii) and pnictogen(v) cations and assessment of the [LP] 3+/[LPF 2] 3+ redox couple. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5837-5841. [PMID: 30079196 PMCID: PMC6050602 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cationic complexes involving a pnictogen(iii) (Pn = P, As, Sb) centre and the tetradentate ligand tris((1-ethyl-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)amine (BIMEt3) have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Oxidation of [P(BIMEt3)]3+ with XeF2 provides access to [PF2(BIMEt3)]3+ representing the first structurally characterized example of a phosphorus(v) centred trication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'aeddeen Swidan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ;
| | - Charles L B Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada . ;
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41
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Tsao FA, Waked AE, Cao L, Hofmann J, Liu L, Grimme S, Stephan DW. S(vi) Lewis acids: fluorosulfoxonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12418-12421. [PMID: 27711343 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Avenues to S-based Lewis acids were developed via the oxidation of aryl-sulfoxides with XeF2, giving difluorodiarylsulfoxides which react via fluoride abstraction to afford Lewis acidic fluorosulfoxonium cations; this acidity is derived from the S-F σ* orbital and has been probed both experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu An Tsao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6.
| | - Alexander E Waked
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6.
| | - Levy Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6.
| | - Jordan Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6.
| | - Lei Liu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universitaet Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universitaet Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6.
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42
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LaFortune JHW, Szkop KM, Farinha FE, Johnstone TC, Postle S, Stephan DW. Probing steric influences on electrophilic phosphonium cations: a comparison of [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF]+ and [(C6F5)3PF]+. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11411-11419. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic phosphonium cation (EPC) salt [(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3PF][B(C6F5)4] (2) can display catalytic activity greater than its thermodynamic acidity would suggest. The role of steric factors is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Farah E. Farinha
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Shawn Postle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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43
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Fasano V, LaFortune JHW, Bayne JM, Ingleson MJ, Stephan DW. Air- and water-stable Lewis acids: synthesis and reactivity of P-trifluoromethyl electrophilic phosphonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:662-665. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic phosphonium cations (EPCs) containing a –CF3 group are stable to air, water, alcohol and strong Brønsted acid and function as Lewis acid catalysts without requiring anhydrous reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester
- UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - J. M. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - D. W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
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44
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Kang BC, Shin SH, Yun J, Ryu DH. Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion. Org Lett 2017; 19:6316-6319. [PMID: 29154545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective hydrosilylation of ketones was developed for the synthesis of a variety of chiral secondary alcohols. In the presence of a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion (COBI) catalyst, the reaction proceeded with good yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jaesook Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, 16419, Korea
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45
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Ding F, Jiang Y, Gan S, Bao RLY, Lin K, Shi L. B(C6
F5
)3
-Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides and Amine N
-Oxides with Hydrosilanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Ding
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
- Shenzhen Graduate School; Harbin Institute of Technology; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Yanqiu Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
| | - Shaoyan Gan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
- Shenzhen Graduate School; Harbin Institute of Technology; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Robert Li-Yuan Bao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
- Shenzhen Graduate School; Harbin Institute of Technology; 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
| | - Lei Shi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; 150001 Harbin China
- Shenzhen Graduate School; Harbin Institute of Technology; 518055 Shenzhen China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Optimization; Jingchu University of Technology; 448000 Jingmen China
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46
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Yang Y, Anker MD, Fang J, Mahon MF, Maron L, Weetman C, Hill MS. Hydrodeoxygenation of isocyanates: snapshots of a magnesium-mediated C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3529-3537. [PMID: 30155199 PMCID: PMC6092714 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00117g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic isocyanates are readily converted to methyl amine products through their hydroboration with HBpin in the presence of a β-diketiminato magnesium catalyst. Although borylated amide and N-,O-bis(boryl)hemiaminal species have been identified as intermediates during the reductive catalysis, the overall reduction and C-O activation is metal-mediated and proposed to occur through the further intermediacy of well-defined magnesium formamidato, formamidatoborate and magnesium boryloxide derivatives. Examples of all these species have been identified and fully characterised through stoichiometric reactivity studies and the stability of the borate species leads us to suggest that, under catalytic conditions, the onward progress of the deoxygenation reaction is crucially dependent on the further activation provided by the Lewis acidic HBpin substrate. These deductions have been explored and ratified through a DFT study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , PR China .
| | - Mathew D Anker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , PR China .
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO , Université de Toulouse , INSA Toulouse 135 , Avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse cedex , France
| | | | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , UK .
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47
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Bakos M, Gyömöre Á, Domján A, Soós T. Auto-Tandem Catalysis with Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Reductive Etherification of Aldehydes and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bakos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ádám Gyömöre
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
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48
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Bakos M, Gyömöre Á, Domján A, Soós T. Auto-Tandem Catalysis with Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Reductive Etherification of Aldehydes and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5217-5221. [PMID: 28378401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report that a single frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyst can promote the reductive etherification of aldehydes and ketones. The reaction does not require an exogenous acid catalyst, but the combined action of FLP on H2 , R-OH or H2 O generates the required Brønsted acid in a reversible, "turn on" manner. The method is not only a complementary metal-free reductive etherification, but also a niche procedure for ethers that would be either synthetically inconvenient or even intractable to access by alternative synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bakos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Gyömöre
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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50
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Stephan DW. Eine Geschichte über zwei Elemente: die Umpolung der Lewis-Acidität/Basizität von Bor und Phosphor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Kanada
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