1
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Handjaya JP, Patankar N, Reid JP. The Diversity and Evolution of Chiral Brønsted Acid Structures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400921. [PMID: 38706381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The chemical space of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts is defined by quantity and complexity, reflecting the diverse synthetic challenges confronted and the innovative molecular designs introduced. Here, we detail how this successful outcome is a powerful demonstration of the benefits of utilizing both local structure searches and a comprehensive understanding of catalyst performance for effective and efficient exploration of Brønsted acid properties. In this concept article we provide an evolutionary overview of this field by summarizing the approaches to catalyst optimization, the resulting structures, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasemine P Handjaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Niraja Patankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Taggart EL, Wolff EJ, Yanar P, Blobe JP, Shugrue CR. Development of an oxazole-based cleavable linker for peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117663. [PMID: 38457910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We report the development of a new oxazole-based cleavable linker to release peptides from attached cargo. Oxazoles are stable to most reaction conditions, yet they can be rapidly cleaved in the presence of single-electron oxidants like cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN). An oxazole linker could be synthesized and attached to peptides through standard solid-phase peptide coupling reactions. Cleavage of these peptide-oxazole conjugates is demonstrated on a broad scope of peptides containing various natural and unnatural amino acids. These results represent the first example of a peptide-based linker that is cleaved through single-electron oxidation. The oxazole is also demonstrated to be a suitable linker for both the release of a peptide from a conjugated small molecule and the orthogonal release of cargo from a peptide containing multiple cleavable linkers. Oxazole linkers could serve as a promising tool for peptide screening platforms such as peptide-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Taggart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Science Center B-100 138 UR Drive University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - Evan J Wolff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Science Center B-100 138 UR Drive University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - Pamira Yanar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Science Center B-100 138 UR Drive University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - John P Blobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Science Center B-100 138 UR Drive University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States
| | - Christopher R Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald Science Center B-100 138 UR Drive University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States.
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3
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Liles JP, Rouget-Virbel C, Wahlman JLH, Rahimoff R, Crawford JM, Medlin A, O’Connor V, Li J, Roytman VA, Toste FD, Sigman MS. Data Science Enables the Development of a New Class of Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysts. Chem 2023; 9:1518-1537. [PMID: 37519827 PMCID: PMC10373836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread success of BINOL-chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has led to the development of several high molecular weight, sterically encumbered variants. Herein, we disclose an alternative, minimalistic chiral phosphoric acid backbone incorporating only a single instance of point chirality. Data science techniques were used to select a diverse training set of catalysts, which were benchmarked against the transfer hydrogenation of an 8-aminoquinoline. Using a univariate classification algorithm and multivariate linear regression, key catalyst features necessary for high levels of selectivity were deconvoluted, revealing a simple catalyst model capable of predicting selectivity for out-of-set catalysts. This workflow enabled extrapolation to a catalyst providing higher selectivity than both reported peptide-type and BINOL-type catalysts (up to 95:5 er). These techniques were then successfully applied towards two additional transforms. Taken together, these examples illustrate the power of combining rational design with data science (ab initio) to efficiently explore reactivity during catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P. Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Julie L. H. Wahlman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rene Rahimoff
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Abby Medlin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Veronica O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Junqi Li
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vladislav A. Roytman
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Lead contact
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4
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Yu Z, Kong Y, Li B, Su S, Rao J, Gao Y, Tu T, Chen H, Liao K. HTE- and AI-assisted development of DHP-catalyzed decarboxylative selenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2935-2938. [PMID: 36799252 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives play key roles in biology, but are rarely used as catalysts in synthesis. Here, we developed a DHP derivative-catalyzed decarboxylative selenation reaction that showed a broad substrate scope, with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and artificial intelligence (AI). The AI-based model could identify the key structural features and give accurate prediction of unseen reactions (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 9.0%, and MAE = 6.3%). Our work not only developed the catalytic applications of DHP derivatives, but also demonstrated the power of the combination of HTE and AI to advance chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Yu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Baiqing Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shimin Su
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianhang Rao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yadong Gao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Tianyong Tu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hongming Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kuangbiao Liao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
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5
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Ding Y, Zhu Z, Chen M, Yu C, Zhou Y. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of All‐Carbon Aromatic Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Xuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhou‐Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Mu‐Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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6
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Zhou YG, Ding YX, Zhu ZH, Chen MW, Yu CB. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of All‐Carbon Aromatic Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Department of Fine Chemicals 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian CHINA
| | - Yi-Xuan Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Catalysis CHINA
| | - Zhou-Hao Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian CHINA
| | - Mu-Wang Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian CHINA
| | - Chang-Bin Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Catalysis State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian CHINA
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7
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Qian C, Liu M, Sun J, Li P. Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective reactions of functionalized propargylic alcohols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chiral phosphoric acid has been utilized for covalent activation of propargylic alcohols to act as pre-catalyst. With this activation mode, a range of highly regio- and enantioenriched heterocyclic products could be generated efficiently from racemic propargylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Qian
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiwen Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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8
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Pálvölgyi ÁM, Scharinger F, Schnürch M, Bica‐Schröder K. Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Tools for Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenations. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:5367-5381. [PMID: 34819797 PMCID: PMC8597106 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, recent developments in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of C=N, C=O and C=C double bonds using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis are reviewed. This still rapidly growing area of asymmetric catalysis relies on metal-free catalysts in combination with biomimetic hydrogen sources. Chiral phosphoric acids have proven to be extremely versatile tools in this area, providing highly active and enantioselective alternatives for the asymmetric reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, imines and various heterocycles. Eventually, such transformations are more and more often used in multicomponent/cascade reactions, which undoubtedly shows their great synthetic potential and the bright future of organocatalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Márk Pálvölgyi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt Vienna, 9/1631060WienAustria
| | - Fabian Scharinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt Vienna, 9/1631060WienAustria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt Vienna, 9/1631060WienAustria
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9
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Crawford JM, Kingston C, Toste FD, Sigman MS. Data Science Meets Physical Organic Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00285. [PMID: 34351757 PMCID: PMC9078128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAt the heart of synthetic chemistry is the holy grail of predictable catalyst design. In particular, researchers involved in reaction development in asymmetric catalysis have pursued a variety of strategies toward this goal. This is driven by both the pragmatic need to achieve high selectivities and the inability to readily identify why a certain catalyst is effective for a given reaction. While empiricism and intuition have dominated the field of asymmetric catalysis since its inception, enantioselectivity offers a mechanistically rich platform to interrogate catalyst-structure response patterns that explain the performance of a particular catalyst or substrate.In the early stages of an asymmetric reaction development campaign, the overarching mechanism of the reaction, catalyst speciation, the turnover limiting step, and many other details are unknown or posited based on related reactions. Considering the unclear details leading to a successful reaction, initial enantioselectivity data are often used to intuitively guide the ultimate direction of optimization. However, if the conditions of the Curtin-Hammett principle are satisfied, then measured enantioselectivity can be directly connected to the ensemble of diastereomeric transition states (TSs) that lead to the enantiomeric products, and the associated free energy difference between competing TSs (ΔΔG⧧ = -RT ln[(S)/(R)], where (S) and (R) represent the concentrations of the enantiomeric products). We, and others, speculated that this important piece of information can be leveraged to guide reaction optimization in a quantitative way.Although traditional linear free energy relationships (LFERs), such as Hammett plots, have been used to illuminate important mechanistic features, we sought to develop data science derived tools to expand the power of LFERs in order to describe complex reactions frequently encountered in modern asymmetric catalysis. Specifically, we investigated whether enantioselectivity data from a reaction can be quantitatively connected to the attributes of reaction components, such as catalyst and substrate structural features, to harness data for asymmetric catalyst design.In this context, we developed a workflow to relate computationally derived features of reaction components to enantioselectivity using data science tools. The mathematical representation of molecules can incorporate many aspects of a transformation, such as molecular features from substrate, product, catalyst, and proposed transition states. Statistical models relating these features to reaction outputs can be used for various tasks, such as performance prediction of untested molecules. Perhaps most importantly, statistical models can guide the generation of mechanistic hypotheses that are embedded within complex patterns of reaction responses. Overall, merging traditional physical organic experiments with statistical modeling techniques creates a feedback loop that enables both evaluation of multiple mechanistic hypotheses and future catalyst design. In this Account, we highlight the evolution and application of this approach in the context of a collaborative program based on chiral phosphoric acid catalysts (CPAs) in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Cian Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Fang G, Wang H, Zheng C, Pan L, Zhao G. Enantioselectivity switch in asymmetric Michael addition reactions using phosphonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6334-6340. [PMID: 34231639 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient access to two enantiomers of one chiral compound is critical for the discovery of drugs. However, it is still a challenging problem owing to the difficulty in obtaining two enantiomers of one chiral catalyst. Here, we report a general method to obtain both enantiomeric products via fine tuning the hydrogen-bonding interactions of phosphonium salts. Amino acid derived phosphonium salts and dipeptide derived phosphonium salts exhibited different properties for controlling the transition state, which could efficiently promote the Michael addition reaction to give opposite configurations of products with high yields and enantioselectivities. Preliminary investigations on the mechanism of the reaction and applications of the products were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 LingLing Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 LingLing Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 LingLing Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China. and Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 LingLing Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Practical iridium-catalyzed direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with (hetero)arylboronic acids by H 2O-mediated H 2 evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4206. [PMID: 34244498 PMCID: PMC8270951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread applications of 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes in numerous fields of science and technology, universal access to such compounds is hampered due to the lack of a general method for their synthesis. Herein, by a H2O-mediated H2-evolution cross-coupling strategy, we report an iridium(III)-catalyzed facile method to direct α-arylation of N-heteroarenes with both aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids, proceeding with broad substrate scope and excellent functional compatibility, oxidant and reductant-free conditions, operational simplicity, easy scalability, and no need for prefunctionalization of N-heteroarenes. This method is applicable for structural modification of biomedical molecules, and offers a practical route for direct access to 2-(hetero)aryl N-heteroarenes, a class of potential cyclometalated C^N ligands and N^N bidentate ligands that are difficult to prepare with the existing α-C-H arylation methods, thus filling an important gap in the capabilities of synthetic organic chemistry.
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12
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Da B, Xiang S, Li S, Tan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing‐Chao Da
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shao‐Hua Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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13
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Zhu ZH, Ding YX, Zhou YG. Biomimetic reduction of imines and heteroaromatics with chiral and regenerable [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based NAD(P)H model CYNAM. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Featherston AL, Kwon Y, Pompeo MM, Engl OD, Leahy DK, Miller SJ. Catalytic asymmetric and stereodivergent oligonucleotide synthesis. Science 2021; 371:702-707. [PMID: 33574208 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the catalytic stereocontrolled synthesis of dinucleotides. We have demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalysts control the formation of stereogenic phosphorous centers during phosphoramidite transfer. Unprecedented levels of diastereodivergence have also been demonstrated, enabling access to either phosphite diastereomer. Two different CPA scaffolds have proven to be essential for achieving stereodivergence: peptide-embedded phosphothreonine-derived CPAs, which reinforce and amplify the inherent substrate preference, and C2-symmetric BINOL-derived CPAs, which completely overturn this stereochemical preference. The presently reported catalytic method does not require stoichiometric activators or chiral auxiliaries and enables asymmetric catalysis with readily available phosphoramidites. The method was applied to the stereocontrolled synthesis of diastereomeric dinucleotides as well as cyclic dinucleotides, which are of broad interest in immuno-oncology as agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew M Pompeo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Oliver D Engl
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David K Leahy
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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15
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Hatano M, Toh K, Ishihara K. Enantioselective Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indoles and Pyrroles Catalyzed by Chiral C1-Symmetric Bis(phosphoric Acid). Org Lett 2020; 22:9614-9620. [PMID: 33295179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen bonding network in chiral Brønsted acid catalysts is important for the construction of a chiral cavity and the enhancement of catalytic activity. In this regard, we developed a highly enantioselective aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles and pyrroles with acyclic α-ketimino esters in the presence of a chiral C1-symmetric BINOL-derived bis(phosphoric acid) catalyst. The desired alkylation products with chiral quaternary carbon centers were obtained in high yields with high enantioselectivities on up to a 1.2-g scale with 0.2 mol % catalyst loading. Interestingly, the absolute configurations of the products from indoles and pyrroles were opposite even with the use of the same chiral catalyst. Moreover, preliminary mechanistic considerations disclosed that a unique hydrogen bonding network with or without π-π interactions among the catalyst and substrates might partially play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hatano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Toh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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16
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Schnitzer T, Ganzoni RL, Wennemers H. Impact of the β-turn hydrogen bond on the trans/cis ratio and the performance of the peptide catalyst H-dPro-Pro-Glu-NH2. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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18
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Du ZH, Qin WJ, Tao BX, Yuan M, Da CS. N-Primary-amine tetrapeptide-catalyzed highly asymmetric Michael addition of aliphatic aldehydes to maleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6899-6904. [PMID: 32856662 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The highly asymmetric Michael addition reaction between maleimides and aliphatic aldehydes catalyzed by low-loading β-turn tetrapeptides with excellent yields and enantioselectivities at room temperature was reported. α-Branched and α-unbranched aldehydes both are suitable nucleophiles. N-Aryl, alkyl and hydrogen maleimides all are well tolerated and led to high yields and enantioselectivities. The transformation can be enlarged to the gram scale without decrease in the yield and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the succinimides were converted into γ-lactams and γ-lactones, showing good practicality of this work. Some reaction intermediates in the proposed reaction mechanism can be captured with the HR-MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Du
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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19
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Du ZH, Tao BX, Yuan M, Qin WJ, Xu YL, Wang P, Da CS. Peptide-Catalyzed Highly Asymmetric Cross-Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes to Biomimetically Synthesize 1,4-Dicarbonyls. Org Lett 2020; 22:4444-4450. [PMID: 32463241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Turn tetrapeptides were demonstrated to catalyze asymmetric aldol reaction of α-branched aldehydes and α-carbonyl aldehydes, i.e. glyoxylates and α-ketoaldehydes, to biomimetically synthesize acyclic all-carbon quaternary center-bearing 1,4-dicarbonyls in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity under mild conditions. The spatially restricted environment of the tetrapeptide warrants high enantioselectivity and yield with broad substrates. Using this protocol, (R)-pantolactone, the key intermediate of vitamin B5, was readily accessed in a practical, efficient, and environmentally benign process from inexpensive starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Du
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-Xiu Tao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Juan Qin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Chao-Shan Da
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Dinh A, Gustafson JL. A Catalytic Cycle of Discovery: Asymmetric Catalysis Gives Rise to New Chiral Catalyst Scaffolds. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Zhao ZB, Zhao Y, Luo G, Zhu ZH, Luo Y, Zhou YG. Chiral and Regenerable NAD(P)H Models Enabled Biomimetic Asymmetric Reduction: Design, Synthesis, Scope, and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2355-2368. [PMID: 31886670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coenzyme NAD(P)H plays an important role in electron as well as proton transmission in the cell. Thus, a variety of NAD(P)H models have been involved in biomimetic reduction, such as stoichiometric Hantzsch esters and achiral regenerable dihydrophenantheridine. However, the development of a general and new-generation biomimetic asymmetric reduction is still a long-term challenge. Herein, a series of chiral and regenerable NAD(P)H models with central, axial, and planar chiralities have been designed and applied in biomimetic asymmetric reduction using hydrogen gas as a terminal reductant. Combining chiral NAD(P)H models with achiral transfer catalysts such as Brønsted acids and Lewis acids, the substrate scope could be also expanded to imines, heteroaromatics, and electron-deficient tetrasubstituted alkenes with up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess (ee). The mechanism of chiral regenerable NAD(P)H models was investigated as well. Isotope-labeling reactions indicated that chiral NAD(P)H models were regenerated by the ruthenium complex under hydrogen gas first, and then the hydride of NAD(P)H models was transferred to unsaturated bonds in the presence of transfer catalysts. In addition, density functional theory calculations were also carried out to give further insight into the transition states for the corresponding transfer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Gen Luo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou-Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , P. R. China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
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22
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Hu XH, Hu XP. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Ir-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinolines with Structurally Fine-Tuned Phosphine-Phosphoramidite Ligands. Org Lett 2019; 21:10003-10006. [PMID: 31802677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereo- and enantioselective Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of unfunctionalized 2,3-disubstituted quinolines, especially 3-alkyl-2-arylquinolines, has been realized. The success of this hydrogenation is ascribed to the use of a structurally fine-tuned chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligand with a (Sa)-3,3'-dimethyl H8-naphthyl moiety and (Rc)-1-phenylethylamine backbone. The hydrogenation displayed broad functional group tolerance, thus furnishing a wide range of optically active 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines in up to 96% ee and with perfect cis-diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hu Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
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23
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Nicke L, Horx P, Harms K, Geyer A. Directed C(sp 3)-H arylation of tryptophan: transformation of the directing group into an activated amide. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8634-8641. [PMID: 31803437 PMCID: PMC6844298 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminoquinoline-directed C–H activation was used to synthezise unnatural tryptophans for solid phase peptide synthesis for the first time.
The 8-aminoquinoline (8AQ) directed C(sp3)–H functionalization was applied in the synthesis of β-arylated tryptophan derivatives. The laborious protecting group reorganization towards α-amino acids compatible for solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was cut short by the transformation of the directing group into an activated amide, which was either used directly in peptide coupling or in the gram scale synthesis of storable Fmoc-protected amino acids for SPPS. In this work, directed C–H activation and nonplanar amide chemistry complement each other for the synthesis of hybrids between phenylalanine and tryptophan with restricted side chain mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Nicke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Chemie , Hans Meerwein Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Philip Horx
- Philipps-Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Chemie , Hans Meerwein Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Klaus Harms
- Philipps-Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Chemie , Hans Meerwein Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Armin Geyer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg , Fachbereich Chemie , Hans Meerwein Straße , 35032 Marburg , Germany .
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24
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Dardir AH, Hazari N, Miller SJ, Shugrue CR. Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions of Aspartic Acid Derived Phenyl Esters. Org Lett 2019; 21:5762-5766. [PMID: 31290674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of amino acids and peptides could provide a powerful method for their site-selective modification. Here, we report non-decarbonylative Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of phenyl ester derivatives of aspartic acid to form aryl-amino ketones. These products are potentially important in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, and our methodology represents a new route to access molecules of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Dardir
- The Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Scott J Miller
- The Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Christopher R Shugrue
- The Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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25
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Kwon Y, Li J, Reid JP, Crawford JM, Jacob R, Sigman MS, Toste FD, Miller SJ. Disparate Catalytic Scaffolds for Atroposelective Cyclodehydration. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6698-6705. [PMID: 30920223 PMCID: PMC6482060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts that control stereochemistry are prized tools in chemical synthesis. When an effective catalyst is found, it is often explored for other types of reactions, frequently under the auspices of different mechanisms. As successes mount, a unique catalyst scaffold may become viewed as "privileged". However, the mechanistic hallmarks of privileged catalysts are not easily enumerated or readily generalized to genuinely different classes of reactions or substrates. We explored the concept of scaffold uniqueness with two catalyst types for an unusual atropisomer-selective cyclodehydration: (a) C2-symmetric chiral phosphoric acids and (b) phosphothreonine-embedded, peptidic phosphoric acids. Pragmatically, both catalyst scaffolds proved fertile for enantioselective/atroposelective cyclodehydrations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the determinants of often equivalent and high atroposelectivity are different for the two catalyst classes. A data-descriptive classification of these asymmetric catalysts reveals an increasingly broad set of catalyst chemotypes, operating with different mechanistic features, that creates new opportunities for broad and complementary application of catalyst scaffolds in diverse substrate space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Junqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jolene P. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Roxane Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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26
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Shugrue CR, Sculimbrene BR, Jarvo ER, Mercado BQ, Miller SJ. Outer-Sphere Control for Divergent Multicatalysis with Common Catalytic Moieties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1664-1672. [PMID: 30608173 PMCID: PMC6358474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report two examples of one-pot, simultaneous reactions, mediated by multiple, orthogonal catalysts with the same catalytic motif. First, BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acids (CPA) and phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptides were found to be matched for two different steps in double reductions of bisquinolines. Next, two π-methylhistidine (Pmh)-containing peptides catalyzed enantio- and chemoselective acylations and phosphorylations of multiple substrates in one pot. The selectivity exhibited by common reactive moieties is adjusted solely by the appended chiral scaffold through outer-sphere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | | | | | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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27
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Metrano AJ, Miller SJ. Peptide-Based Catalysts Reach the Outer Sphere through Remote Desymmetrization and Atroposelectivity. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:199-215. [PMID: 30525436 PMCID: PMC6335614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nature’s catalytic machinery has provided
endless inspiration
for chemists. While the enzymatic ideal has yet to be fully realized,
the field has made tremendous strides toward synthetic, small-molecule
catalysts for a wide array of transformations, often drawing upon
biological concepts in their design. One strategy that has been particularly
influenced by enzymology is peptide catalysis, wherein oligopeptides
are implemented as chiral catalysts in synthetically relevant reactions.
The fundamental goal has been to mimic enzymatic active sites by taking
advantage of secondary structures that allow for multifunctional activation
of substrates within a framework of significantly reduced molecular
complexity. Our group has now been studying peptide-based catalysis
for over
two decades. At the outset, there were many reasons to be concerned
that general contributions might not be possible. Precedents existed,
including the Juliá–Colonna epoxidations mediated by
helical oligopeptides, among others. However, we sought to explore
whether peptide catalysts could find broad applications in organic
synthesis despite what was expected to be their principal liability:
conformational flexibility. Over time, we have been able to identify
peptidic catalysts for a variety of site- and enantioselective transformations
ranging from hydroxyl group and arene functionalizations to redox
and C–C bond forming reactions. The peptides often exhibited
excellent catalytic activities, in many cases enabling never-before-seen
patterns of selectivity. Recent studies even suggest that, in certain
situations, the conformational flexibility of these catalysts may
be advantageous for asymmetric induction. In the course of our
studies, opportunities to employ peptide-based
catalysis to solve long-standing and stereochemically intriguing problems
in asymmetric synthesis presented themselves. For example, we have
found that peptides provide exceptional enantiotopic group differentiation
in catalytic desymmetrization reactions. Early results with symmetrical
polyol substrates, such as myo-inositols and glycerols,
eventually spurred the development of remote desymmetrizations of
diarylmethanes, in which the enantiotopic groups are separated from
the prochiral center by ∼6 Å and from one another by nearly
1 nm. Various hydroxyl group functionalizations and electrophilic
brominations, as well as C–C, C–O, and C–N cross-coupling
reactions using peptidic ligands on copper(I) have now been developed
within this reaction archetype. Additionally, the preponderance of
axially chiral, atropisomeric compounds as ligands, organocatalysts,
and pharmacophores encouraged us to employ peptides as atroposelective
catalysts. We have developed peptide-catalyzed brominations of pharmaceutically
relevant biaryl, non-biaryl, and hetero-biaryl atropisomers that take
advantage of dynamic kinetic resolution schemes. These projects have
vastly expanded the reach of our original hypotheses and raised new
questions about peptide-based catalysts and the extent to which they
might mimic enzymes. Herein, we recount the development and
optimization of these stereochemically
complex reactions, with a particular focus on structural and mechanistic
aspects of the peptide-based catalysts that make them well-suited
for their respective functions. The ability of these peptides to address
important yet fundamentally challenging issues in asymmetric catalysis,
combined with their modularity and ease-of-synthesis, make them primed
for future use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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28
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Featherston AL, Shugrue CR, Mercado BQ, Miller SJ. Phosphothreonine (pThr)-Based Multifunctional Peptide Catalysis for Asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations of Cyclobutanones. ACS Catal 2019; 9:242-252. [PMID: 31007966 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biologically inspired phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptides that function as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts for enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations (BV) of cyclobutanones with aqueous H2O2 are reported herein. Complementary to traditional BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs), the functional diversity of the peptidic scaffold provides the opportunity for multiple points of contact with substrates via hydrogen bonding, and the ease of peptide synthesis facilitates rapid diversification of the catalyst structure, such that numerous unique peptide-based CPA catalysts have been prepared. Utilizing a hypothesis-driven design, we identified a pThr-based catalyst that contains an N-acylated diaminopropionic acid (Dap) residue, which achieves high enantioselectivity with catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol%. The power of peptide-based multi-site binding is further exemplified through reversal in the absolute stereochemical outcome upon repositioning of the substrate-directing group (ortho- to meta). Modifications to the i+3 residue (LDap to LPhe) lead to an observed enantiodivergence without inversion of any stereogenic center on the peptide catalyst, due to noncovalent interactions. Structure-selectivity and 1H-1H-ROESY studies revealed that the proposed hydrogen bonding interactions are essential for high levels of enantioinduction. The ability for the phosphopeptides to operate as multifunctional oxidation catalysts expands the scope of pThr catalysts and provides a framework for the future selective diversification of more complex substrates, including natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Featherston
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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29
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Fidalgo J, Ruiz-Castañeda M, García-Herbosa G, Carbayo A, Jalón FA, Rodríguez AM, Manzano BR, Espino G. Versatile Rh- and Ir-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation, Formic Acid Dehydrogenation, and Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14186-14198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Fidalgo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Margarita Ruiz-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gabriel García-Herbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Arancha Carbayo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. C. J. Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Químicas, IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
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30
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Yan XC, Metrano AJ, Robertson MJ, Abascal NC, Tirado-Rives J, Miller SJ, Jorgensen WL. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Conformationally Mobile Peptide-Based Catalyst for Atroposelective Bromination. ACS Catal 2018; 8:9968-9979. [PMID: 30687577 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that structural rigidity is required to achieve high levels of asymmetric induction in catalytic, enantioselective reactions. This fundamental design principle often does not apply to highly selective catalytic peptides that often exhibit conformational heterogeneity. As a result, these complex systems are particularly challenging to study both experimentally and computationally. Herein, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role of conformational mobility on the reactivity and selectivity exhibited by a catalytic, β-turn-biased peptide in an atroposelective bromination reaction. By means of cluster analysis, multiple distinct conformers of the peptide and a catalyst-substrate complex were identified in the simulations, all of which were corroborated by experimental NMR measurements. The simulations also revealed that a shift in the conformational equilibrium of the peptidic catalyst occurs upon addition of substrate, and the degree of change varies among different substrates. On the basis of these data, we propose a correlation between the composition of the peptide conformational ensemble and its catalytic properties. Moreover, these findings highlight the importance of conformational dynamics in catalytic, asymmetric reactions mediated by oligopeptides, unveiled through high-level, state-of-the-art computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cindy Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Anthony J. Metrano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Michael J. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nadia C. Abascal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Julian Tirado-Rives
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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31
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Rigling C, Kisunzu JK, Duschmalé J, Häussinger D, Wiesner M, Ebert MO, Wennemers H. Conformational Properties of a Peptidic Catalyst: Insights from NMR Spectroscopic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10829-10838. [PMID: 30106584 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have become valuable as catalysts for a variety of different reactions, but little is known about the conformational properties of peptidic catalysts. We investigated the conformation of the peptide H-dPro-Pro-Glu-NH2, a highly reactive and stereoselective catalyst for conjugate addition reactions, and the corresponding enamine intermediate in solution by NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. The combination of nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), J-couplings, and temperature coefficients revealed that the tripeptide adopts a single predominant conformation in its ground state. The structure is a type I β-turn, which gains stabilization from three hydrogen bonds that are cooperatively formed between all functional groups (secondary amine, carboxylic acid, amides) within the tripeptide. In contrast, the conformation of the enamine intermediate is significantly more flexible. The conformational ensemble of the enamine is still dominated by the β-turn, but the backbone and the side chain of the glutamic acid residue are more dynamic. The key to the switch between rigidity and flexibility of the peptidic catalyst is the CO2H group in the side chain of the glutamic acid residue, which acts as a lid that can open and close. As a result, the peptidic catalyst is able to adapt to the structural requirements of the intermediates and transition states of the catalytic cycle. These insights might explain the robustness and high reactivity of the peptidic catalyst, which exceeds that of other secondary amine-based organocatalysts. The data suggest that a balance between rigidity and flexibility, which is reminiscent of the dynamic nature of enzymes, is beneficial for peptidic catalysts and other synthetic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rigling
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Jessica K Kisunzu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Jörg Duschmalé
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus Wiesner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19 , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marc-Olivier Ebert
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , ETH Zürich , D-CHAB, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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32
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Kwon Y, Chinn AJ, Kim B, Miller SJ. Divergent Control of Point and Axial Stereogenicity: Catalytic Enantioselective C-N Bond-Forming Cross-Coupling and Catalyst-Controlled Atroposelective Cyclodehydration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6251-6255. [PMID: 29637680 PMCID: PMC5964046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst control over reactions that produce multiple stereoisomers is a challenge in synthesis. Control over reactions that involve stereogenic elements remote from one another is particularly uncommon. Additionally, catalytic reactions that address both stereogenic carbon centers and an element of axial chirality are also rare. Reported herein is a catalytic approach to each stereoisomer of a scaffold containing a stereogenic center remote from an axis of chirality. Newly developed peptidyl copper complexes catalyze an unprecedented remote desymmetrization involving enantioselective C-N bond-forming cross-coupling. Then, chiral phosphoric acid catalysts set an axis of chirality through an unprecedented atroposelective cyclodehydration to form a heterocycle with high diastereoselectivity. The application of chiral copper complexes and phosphoric acids provides access to each stereoisomer of a framework with two different elements of stereogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Alex J Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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33
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Kwon Y, Chinn AJ, Kim B, Miller SJ. Divergent Control of Point and Axial Stereogenicity: Catalytic Enantioselective C−N Bond‐Forming Cross‐Coupling and Catalyst‐Controlled Atroposelective Cyclodehydration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
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34
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Shugrue CR, Featherston AL, Lackner RM, Lin A, Miller SJ. Divergent Stereoselectivity in Phosphothreonine (pThr)-Catalyzed Reductive Aminations of 3-Amidocyclohexanones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4491-4504. [PMID: 29547285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptide catalysts are found to mediate the reductive amination of 3-amidocyclohexanones with divergent selectivity. The choice of peptide sequence can be used to alter the diastereoselectivity to favor either the cis-product or trans-product, which are obtained in up to 93:7 er. NMR studies and DFT calculations are reported and indicate that both pathways rely on secondary interactions between substrate and catalyst to achieve selectivity. Furthermore, catalysts appear to accomplish a parallel kinetic resolution of the substrates. The facility for phosphopeptides to tune reactivity and access multiple products in reductive aminations may translate to the diversification of complex substrates, such as natural products, at numerous reactive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Aaron L Featherston
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Rachel M Lackner
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Angela Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
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35
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Yan Z, Xie HP, Shen HQ, Zhou YG. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbocyclic Aromatic Amines: Access to Chiral Exocyclic Amines. Org Lett 2018; 20:1094-1097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Ping Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiang Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Schnitzer T, Wennemers H. Influence of the Trans/Cis Conformer Ratio on the Stereoselectivity of Peptidic Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15356-15362. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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37
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Chen XW, Zhao H, Chen CL, Jiang HF, Zhang M. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated α-Functionalization of 1,8-Naphthyridines by a Strategy Overcoming the Over-Hydrogenation Barrier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14232-14236. [PMID: 28926172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A general catalytic hydrogen transfer-mediated α-functionalization of 1,8-naphthyridines is reported for the first time that benefits from a hydrogen transfer-mediated activation mode for non-activated pyridyl cores. The pyridyl α-site selectively couples with the C8-site of various tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) to afford novel α-functionalized tetrahydro 1,8-naphthyridines, a class of synthetically useful building blocks and potential candidates for the discovery of therapeutic and bio-active products. The utilization of THQs as inactive hydrogen donors (HDs) appears to be a key strategy to overcome the over-hydrogenation barrier and address the chemoselectivity issue. The developed chemistry features operational simplicity, readily available catalyst and good functional group tolerance, and offers a significant basis for further development of new protocols to directly transform or functionalize inert N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Chun-Lian Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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38
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Chen XW, Zhao H, Chen CL, Jiang HF, Zhang M. Hydrogen-Transfer-Mediated α-Functionalization of 1,8-Naphthyridines by a Strategy Overcoming the Over-Hydrogenation Barrier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Chun-Lian Chen
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
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39
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Cortes-Clerget M, Jover J, Dussart J, Kolodziej E, Monteil M, Migianu-Griffoni E, Gager O, Deschamp J, Lecouvey M. Bifunctional Tripeptide with a Phosphonic Acid as a Brønsted Acid for Michael Addition: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2017; 23:6654-6662. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margery Cortes-Clerget
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Jesús Jover
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Avgda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica; Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jade Dussart
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Emilie Kolodziej
- Université Paris Sud, ICMMO, UMR 8182; 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Maelle Monteil
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Olivier Gager
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Julia Deschamp
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Sorbonne Paris Cité-Laboratoire CSPBAT-CNRS UMR 7244; Université Paris 13; 1 Rue de Chablis 93000 Bobigny France
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40
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Metrano A, Abascal NC, Mercado BQ, Paulson EK, Hurtley AE, Miller SJ. Diversity of Secondary Structure in Catalytic Peptides with β-Turn-Biased Sequences. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:492-516. [PMID: 28029251 PMCID: PMC5312972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallography has been applied to the structural analysis of a series of tetrapeptides that were previously assessed for catalytic activity in an atroposelective bromination reaction. Common to the series is a central Pro-Xaa sequence, where Pro is either l- or d-proline, which was chosen to favor nucleation of canonical β-turn secondary structures. Crystallographic analysis of 35 different peptide sequences revealed a range of conformational states. The observed differences appear not only in cases where the Pro-Xaa loop-region is altered, but also when seemingly subtle alterations to the flanking residues are introduced. In many instances, distinct conformers of the same sequence were observed, either as symmetry-independent molecules within the same unit cell or as polymorphs. Computational studies using DFT provided additional insight into the analysis of solid-state structural features. Select X-ray crystal structures were compared to the corresponding solution structures derived from measured proton chemical shifts, 3J-values, and 1H-1H-NOESY contacts. These findings imply that the conformational space available to simple peptide-based catalysts is more diverse than precedent might suggest. The direct observation of multiple ground state conformations for peptides of this family, as well as the dynamic processes associated with conformational equilibria, underscore not only the challenge of designing peptide-based catalysts, but also the difficulty in predicting their accessible transition states. These findings implicate the advantages of low-barrier interconversions between conformations of peptide-based catalysts for multistep, enantioselective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony
J. Metrano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nadia C. Abascal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Eric K. Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Anna E. Hurtley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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41
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Faísca Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJL. Recent advances in organocatalytic enantioselective transfer hydrogenation. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2307-2340. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Robust, environmentally friendly reductants enable highly enantioselective reactions in the presence of chiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Faísca Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
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42
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Cabrero-Antonino JR, Adam R, Junge K, Jackstell R, Beller M. Cobalt-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of quinolines and related heterocycles using formic acid under mild conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, transfer hydrogenation of quinolines and related heterocycles is performed with a non-noble metal based catalyst. [Co(BF4)2·6H2O] in combination with phosphine L1 catalyses selectively, the mild reduction of N-heteroarenes using formic acid as hydrogen donor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Adam
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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43
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Schnitzer T, Wiesner M, Krattiger P, Revell JD, Wennemers H. Is more better? A comparison of tri- and tetrapeptidic catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5877-5881. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
From an enzymatic perspective, there is a general notion that the bigger and more complex a catalytically active peptide is the more enzyme-like and the better it should become. But is this really true?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schnitzer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- D-CHAB
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Markus Wiesner
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- D-CHAB
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Philipp Krattiger
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- D-CHAB
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- D-CHAB
- ETH Zurich
- CH-8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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44
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Bisht N, Babu SA. Synthesis of ortho-arylated/benzylated arylacetamide derivatives: Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed bidentate ligand-aided arylation and benzylation of the γ-CH bond of arylacetamides. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Wang J, Chen MW, Ji Y, Hu SB, Zhou YG. Kinetic Resolution of Axially Chiral 5- or 8-Substituted Quinolines via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10413-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Wang Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ji
- State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Bo Hu
- State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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46
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Xu W, Arieno M, Löw H, Huang K, Xie X, Cruchter T, Ma Q, Xi J, Huang B, Wiest O, Gong L, Meggers E. Metal-Templated Design: Enantioselective Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Catalysis Requiring Only Parts-per-Million Catalyst Loading. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8774-80. [PMID: 27336458 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on a metal-templated approach using a rigid and globular structural scaffold in the form of a bis-cyclometalated octahedral iridium complex, an exceptionally active hydrogen-bond-mediated asymmetric catalyst was developed and its mode of action investigated by crystallography, NMR, computation, kinetic experiments, comparison with a rhodium congener, and reactions in the presence of competing H-bond donors and acceptors. Relying exclusively on weak forces, the enantioselective conjugate reduction of nitroalkenes can be executed at catalyst loadings as low as 0.004 mol% (40 ppm), representing turnover numbers of up to 20 250. A rate acceleration by the catalyst of 2.5 × 10(5) was determined. The origin of the catalysis is traced to an effective stabilization of developing charges in the transition state by carefully orchestrated hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions between catalyst and substrates. This study demonstrates that the proficiency of asymmetric catalysis merely driven by hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions can rival traditional activation through direct transition metal coordination of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcus Arieno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Henrik Löw
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kaifang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Cruchter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Lab of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Meggers
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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47
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Huang WX, Liu LJ, Wu B, Feng GS, Wang B, Zhou YG. Synthesis of Chiral Piperazines via Hydrogenation of Pyrazines Activated by Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2016; 18:3082-5. [PMID: 27295391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of chiral piperazines through Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of pyrazines activated by alkyl halides, giving a wide range of chiral piperazines including 3-substituted as well as 2,3- and 3,5-disubstituted ones with up to 96% ee. The high enantioselectivity, easy scalability, and concise drug synthesis demonstrate the practical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Shou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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48
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Qin L, Zheng D, Cui B, Wan N, Zhou X, Chen Y. Bio-mediated oxidative resolution of racemic 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Metrano AJ, Abascal NC, Mercado BQ, Paulson EK, Miller SJ. Structural studies of β-turn-containing peptide catalysts for atroposelective quinazolinone bromination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4816-9. [PMID: 26963788 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01428c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein a crystallographic and NMR study of the secondary structural attributes of a β-turn-containing tetra-peptide, Boc-Dmaa-D-Pro-Acpc-Leu-NMe2, which was recently reported as a highly effective catalyst in the atroposelective bromination of 3-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Inquiries pertaining to the functional consequences of residue substitutions led to the discovery of a more selective catalyst, Boc-Dmaa-D-Pro-Acpc-Leu-OMe, the structure of which was also explored. This new lead catalyst was found to exhibit a type I'β-turn secondary structure both in the solid state and in solution, a structure that was shown to be an accessible conformation of the previously reported catalyst, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Metrano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA.
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Xiong B, Zhang SD, Chen L, Li B, Jiang HF, Zhang M. An annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy enables straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10636-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium-catalyzed annulative transfer hydrogenation strategy, enabling straightforward access to tetrahydro fused-pyrazine derivatives from N-heteroaryl diamines and vicinal diols, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Wuyi University
- Jiangmen 529020
- P. R. China
| | - Huan-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- People's Republic of China
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