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Pruksawan S, Chong YT, Zen W, Loh TJE, Wang F. Sustainable Vat Photopolymerization-Based 3D-Printing through Dynamic Covalent Network Photopolymers. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400183. [PMID: 38509002 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) based three-dimensional (3D) printing, including stereolithography (SLA) and digital light projection (DLP), is known for producing intricate, high-precision prototypes with superior mechanical properties. However, the challenge lies in the non-recyclability of covalently crosslinked thermosets used in these printing processes, limiting the sustainable utilization of printed prototypes. This review paper examines the recently explored avenue of VPP 3D-printed dynamic covalent network (DCN) polymers, which enable reversible crosslinks and allow for the reprocessing of printed prototypes, promoting sustainability. These reversible crosslinks facilitate the rearrangement of crosslinked polymers, providing printed polymers with chemical/physical recyclability, self-healing capabilities, and degradability. While various mechanisms for DCN polymer systems are explored, this paper focuses solely on photocurable polymers to highlight their potential to revolutionize the sustainability of VPP 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Pruksawan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Chong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wylma Zen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Terence Jun En Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, Singapore, 569830, Republic of Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Hou Y, Zhu G, Catt SO, Yin Y, Xu J, Blasco E, Zhao N. Closed-Loop Recyclable Silica-Based Nanocomposites with Multifunctional Properties and Versatile Processability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304147. [PMID: 37844996 PMCID: PMC10724396 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Most plastics originate from limited petroleum reserves and cannot be effectively recycled at the end of their life cycle, making them a significant threat to the environment and human health. Closed-loop chemical recycling, by depolymerizing plastics into monomers that can be repolymerized, offers a promising solution for recycling otherwise wasted plastics. However, most current chemically recyclable polymers may only be prepared at the gram scale, and their depolymerization typically requires harsh conditions and high energy consumption. Herein, it reports less petroleum-dependent closed-loop recyclable silica-based nanocomposites that can be prepared on a large scale and have a fully reversible polymerization/depolymerization capability at room temperature, based on catalysis of free aminopropyl groups with the assistance of diethylamine or ethylenediamine. The nanocomposites show glass-like hardness yet plastic-like light weight and toughness, exhibiting the highest specific mechanical strength superior even to common materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate), glass, and ZrO2 ceramic, as well as demonstrating multifunctionality such as anti-fouling, low thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy. Meanwhile, these nanocomposites can be easily processed by various plastic-like scalable manufacturing methods, such as compression molding and 3D printing. These nanocomposites are expected to provide an alternative to petroleum-based plastics and contribute to a closed-loop materials economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
- Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Guangda Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
- Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Samantha O. Catt
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
- Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yuhan Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
- Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI)Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesLaboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
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3
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Ciriminna R, Laine RM, Pagliaro M. Biobased Silicon and Biobased Silica: Two Production Routes Whose Time has Come. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300762. [PMID: 37382042 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study offers an updated bioeconomy perspective on biobased routes to high-purity silicon and silica in the context of the societal, economic and environmental trends reshaping chemical processes. We summarize the main aspects of the green chemistry technologies capable of transforming current production methods. Coincidentally, we discuss selected industrial and economic aspects. Finally, we offer perspectives of how said technologies could/will reshape current chemical and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Richard M Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michiga, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States of America
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Sun Q, Feng S, Li G, Qi Y, Hu C. Influence of Different Treatments on the Structure and Conversion of Silicon Species in Rice Straw to Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS). ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300111. [PMID: 37551028 PMCID: PMC10407258 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) from biomass provides a new way for TEOS production and biomass valorization. In this study, rice straw was treated using different fractionation methods, and the content, state, and reactivity of Si in the treated samples were investigated. It was found that acid treatment and ethanol extraction kept most Si in the biomass, while alkali treatment caused significant Si loss. Si was mainly present in the SiOx , Si-O-C, and Si-O-Si states in the surface of raw rice straw, cellulose and Klason lignin. The results showed that the Si-O-Si state in rice straw was beneficial for the formation of TEOS. The removal of lipids from rice straw facilitated the production of TEOS, giving the highest TEOS yield of 76.2 %. In contrast, the production of TEOS from other samples became difficult; the simultaneous conversion of the three organic components of rice straw also facilitated the production of TEOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxin Sun
- Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Guiying Li
- Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Yue Qi
- Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064P. R. China
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5
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Fan Z, Liu WR, Sun L, Nishio A, Szczęsny R, Lin YG, Okada S, Gregory DH. Carbon-Free Conversion of SiO 2 to Si via Ultra-Rapid Alloy Formation: Toward the Sustainable Fabrication of Nanoporous Si for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37466273 PMCID: PMC10401573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon has the potential to improve lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance substantially by replacing graphite as an anode. The sustainability of such a transformation, however, depends on the source of silicon and the nature of the manufacturing process. Today's silicon industry still overwhelmingly depends on the energy-intensive, high-temperature carbothermal reduction of silica─a process that adversely impacts the environment. Rather than use conventional thermoreduction alone to break Si-O bonds, we report the efficient conversion of SiO2 directly to Mg2Si by a microwave-induced Mg plasma within 2.5 min at merely 200 W under vacuum. The underlying mechanism is proposed, wherein electrons with enhanced kinetics function readily as the reductant while the "bombardment" from Mg cations and electrons promotes the fast nucleation of Mg2Si. The 3D nanoporous (NP) Si is then fabricated by a facile thermal dealloying step. The resulting hierarchical NP Si anodes deliver stable, extended cycling with excellent rate capability in Li-ion half-cells, with capacities several times greater than graphite. The microwave-induced metal plasma (MIMP) concept can be applied just as efficiently to the synthesis of Mg2Si from Si, and the chemistry should be extendable to the reduction of multiple metal(loid) oxides via their respective Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Research Center for Circular Economy, No. 200, Chun Pei Rd., Chung Li Dist., Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Lin Sun
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Akira Nishio
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Robert Szczęsny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Yan-Gu Lin
- Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shigeto Okada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Duncan H Gregory
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Wang ZH, Liu BW, Zeng FR, Lin XC, Zhang JY, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Zhao HB. Fully recyclable multifunctional adhesive with high durability, transparency, flame retardancy, and harsh-environment resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd8527. [PMID: 36516253 PMCID: PMC9750157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recyclable/reversible adhesives have attracted growing attention for sustainability and intelligence but suffer from low adhesion strength and poor durability in complex conditions. Here, we demonstrate an aromatic siloxane adhesive that exploits stimuli-responsive reversible assembly driven by π-π stacking, allowing for elimination and activation of interfacial interactions via infiltration-volatilization of ethanol. The robust cohesive energy from water-insensitive siloxane assembly enables durable strong adhesion (3.5 MPa shear strength on glasses) on diverse surfaces. Long-term adhesion performances are realized in underwater, salt, and acid/alkali solutions (pH 1-14) and at low/high temperatures (-10-90°C). With reversible assembly/disassembly, the adhesive is closed-loop recycled (~100%) and reused over 100 times without adhesion loss. Furthermore, the adhesive has unique combinations of high transparency (~98% in the visible light region of 400-800 nm) and flame retardancy. The experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the corresponding mechanism at the molecular level. This π-π stacking-driven siloxane assembly strategy opens up an avenue for high-performance adhesives with circular life and multifunctional integration.
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7
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Hybrid Tri-Cure Organo-Silicon Coatings for Monument Preservation. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A coating system integrating three distinct chemistries was developed to protect materials used in monuments and construction. Initial curing is achieved using a UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction to form a non-impressionable/non-sticky surface. Second, amine/epoxy reactions form a firm surface adhesion and give mechanical strength through consolidation. Third, alkoxysilane sol-gel curing integrates the siloxane network while adding thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and a hardened surface. The final design utilizes a photoacid generator to increase the reaction speed of the second and third curing steps. The coating can be applied by spray, dip, or wipe on methods and exhibits a rapid non-impressionable surface (as fast as 10 min) that resists graffiti and environmental conditions, and is used and stored as a single-component system with a pot life exceeding six months. A series of experiments were used to determine the coating properties and durability, including field testing and accelerated weathering.
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8
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Inorganic Salts and Dehydrating Agents Cooperatively Promoted Ru-Catalyzed Ethylene Methoxycarbonylation Using CO2 as a CO Surrogate. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of CO2 as a CO surrogate for the carbonylation of olefin has attracted considerable attention due to its abundance, readily availability, nontoxicity, and recyclability. In this work, we describe the synthesis of methyl propionate (MPA), a key intermediate for methyl methacrylate in the commercial Lucite Alpha process, by the ruthenium-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of ethylene with CO2 as a carbonyl source. An efficient approach to producing MPA has been developed by adding metal halide promoters and dehydrating agents. Control experiments suggest that the NHC-Ru-hydride may be the real active species formed in situ by the reaction of Ru3(CO)12 with ionic liquid (IL). NMR data demonstrate that inorganic salts favor the formation of active species, which is an important issue for their promotion effect. In terms of the strategy to overcome chemical equilibrium by the addition of dehydrating agents and IL participation in the formation of NHC-Ru-hydride active species, a tasked IL containing a siloxyl group was employed to Ru-catalyze the methoxycarbonylation of ethylene, which showed higher catalytic efficiency in comparison to IL without a siloxyl group.
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9
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Sustainability Evaluation of AquaSun Antifouling Coating Production. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relying on a cost-effective and green process that is technically and economically feasible on large scale is not enough to call a technology “sustainable”. We thus evaluate the sustainability of the production of the new “AquaSun” antifouling sol–gel coating with reference to each of the three main dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) of sustainable development. This study will hopefully assist in overcoming the “not invented here” syndrome that still affects many sol–gel technologies, including antifouling coatings derived via the sol–gel process.
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10
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Hou Y, Zhu G, Cui J, Wu N, Zhao B, Xu J, Zhao N. Superior Hard but Quickly Reversible Si-O-Si Network Enables Scalable Fabrication of Transparent, Self-Healing, Robust, and Programmable Multifunctional Nanocomposite Coatings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:436-445. [PMID: 34965113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A coating with programmable multifunctionality based on application requirements is desirable. However, it is still a challenge to prepare a hard and flexible coating with a quick self-healing ability. Here, a hard but reversible Si-O-Si network enabled by aminopropyl-functionalized poly(silsesquioxane) and triethylamine (TEA) was developed. On the basis of this Si-O-Si network, basic coatings with excellent transparency, hardness, flexibility, and quick self-healing properties can be prepared by filling soft polymeric micelles into hard poly(silsesquioxane) networks. The highly cross-linked continuous network endows the coating with a hardness (H = 0.83 GPa) higher than those of most polymers (H < 0.3 GPa), while the uniformly dispersed micelles decrease the Young's modulus (E = 5.89 GPa) to a value as low as that of common plastics, resulting in excellent hardness and flexibility, with an H/E of 14.1% and an elastic recovery rate (We) of 86.3%. Scratches (∼50 μm) on the coating can be healed within 4 min. The hybrid composition of poly(silsesquioxane) networks also shows great advantages in integration with other functional components to realize programmable multifunctionality without diminishing the basic properties. This nanocomposite design provides a route toward the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive functions without trade-offs between these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangda Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bintao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Putro W, Lee VY, Sato K, Choi JC, Fukaya N. From SiO 2 to Alkoxysilanes for the Synthesis of Useful Chemicals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35186-35195. [PMID: 34984251 PMCID: PMC8717390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of silica (SiO2) to useful chemicals is difficult to explore because of the strength of the Si-O bond and thermodynamic stability of the SiO2 structure. The direct formation of alkoxysilanes from SiO2 has been explored as an alternative to the carbothermal reduction (1900 °C) of SiO2 to metallic silicon (Simet) followed by treatment with alcohols. The base-catalyzed depolymerization of SiO2 with diols and monoalcohols afforded cyclic silicon alkoxides and tetraalkoxysilanes, respectively. SiO2 can also be converted to alkoxysilanes in the presence of organic carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate. Alkoxysilanes can be further converted to useful chemicals, such as carbamates, organic carbonates, and chlorosilanes. An interesting and highly efficient pathway to the direct conversion of SiO2 to alkoxysilanes has been discussed in detail along with the corresponding economic and environmental implications. The thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of SiO2 transformations in the presence of alcohols are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu
S. Putro
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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12
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Sustainability in Heritage Wood Conservation: Challenges and Directions for Future Research. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conserving the world’s cultural and natural heritage is considered a key contributor to achieving the targets set out in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, yet how much attention do we pay to the methods we use to conserve and protect this heritage? With a specific focus on wooden objects of cultural heritage, this review discusses the current state-of-the-art in heritage conservation in terms of sustainability, sustainable alternatives to currently used consolidants, and new research directions that could lead to more sustainable consolidants in the future. Within each stage a thorough discussion of the synthesis mechanisms and/or extraction protocols, particularly for bio-based resources is provided, evaluating resource usage and environmental impact. This is intended to give the reader a better understanding of the overall sustainability of each different approach and better evaluate consolidant choices for a more sustainable approach. The challenges facing the development of sustainable consolidants and recent research that is likely to lead to highly sustainable new consolidant strategies in the future are also discussed. This review aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion of sustainable conservation and highlight the role that consolidants play in truly sustainable heritage conservation.
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13
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Unglaube F, Lammers A, Kreyenschulte CR, Lalk M, Mejía E. Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Nanosized Silver-Containing Carbon/Silica Composites from Rice Husk Waste. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1244-1250. [PMID: 34904386 PMCID: PMC8668417 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk, one of the main side products in the rice production, and its sustainable management represent a challenge in many countries. Herein, we describe the use of this abundant agricultural bio-waste as feedstock for the preparation of silver-containing carbon/silica nano composites with antimicrobial properties. The synthesis was performed using a fast and cheap methodology consisting of wet impregnation followed by pyrolysis, yielding C/SiO2 composite materials doped with varying amounts of silver from 28 to 0.001 wt %. The materials were fully characterized and their antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens, namely E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, and the pathogenic yeast C. albicans was investigated. Sensitivities of these strains against the prepared materials were demonstrated, even with exceptional low amounts of 0.015 m% silver. Hence, we report a straightforward method for the synthesis of antimicrobial agents from abundant sources which addresses urgent questions like bio-waste valorization and affordable alternatives to increasingly fewer effective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Unglaube
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)18059RostockGermany
| | | | | | - Michael Lalk
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität Greifswald17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)18059RostockGermany
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14
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Koopmann AK, Malfait WJ, Sepperer T, Huesing N. A Systematic Study on Bio-Based Hybrid Aerogels Made of Tannin and Silica. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185231. [PMID: 34576455 PMCID: PMC8468457 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tannin-silica hybrid materials are expected to feature excellent mechanic-chemical stability, large surface areas, high porosity and possess, after carbothermal reduction, high thermal stability as well as high thermal conductivity. Typically, a commercially available tetraethoxysilane is used, but in this study, a more sustainable route was developed by using a glycol-based silica precursor, tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)orthosilicate (EGMS), which is highly water-soluble. In order to produce highly porous, homogeneous hybrid tannin-silica aerogels in a one-pot approach, a suitable crosslinker has to be used. It was found that an aldehyde-functionalized silane (triethoxysilylbutyraldehyde) enables the covalent bonding of tannin and silica. Solely by altering the processing parameters, distinctly different tannin-silica hybrid material properties could be achieved. In particular, the amount of crosslinker is a significant factor with respect to altering the materials’ properties, e.g., the specific surface area. Notably, 5 wt% of crosslinker presents an optimal percentage to obtain a sustainable tannin-silica hybrid system with high specific surface areas of roughly 800–900 m2 g−1 as well as a high mesopore volume. The synthesized tannin-silica hybrid aerogels permit the usage as green precursor for silicon carbide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Koopmann
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Sepperer
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Forest Products Technology and Timber Constructions, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, 5431 Kuchl, Austria
| | - Nicola Huesing
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-662-8044-6265
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15
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Unglaube F, Kreyenschulte CR, Mejía E. Development and Application of Efficient Ag‐based Hydrogenation Catalysts Prepared from Rice Husk Waste. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Unglaube
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29 A 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29 A 18059 Rostock Germany
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17
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Putro WS, Fukaya K, Choi JC, Choi SJ, Horikoshi T, Sato K, Fukaya N. Direct Transformation of Silica from Natural Resources to Form Tetramethoxysilane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu S. Putro
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Seong Jib Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshio Horikoshi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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18
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Furgal JC, Lenora CU. Green routes to silicon-based materials and their environmental implications. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The “greening” of silicon chemistry is fundamentally important for the future of the field. Traditional methods used to make silicon-based materials rely on carbon rich processes that are highly energy intensive, cause pollution, and are unsustainable. Researchers have taken up the challenge of developing new chemistries to circumvent the difficulties associated with traditional silicon material synthesis. Most of this work has been in the conversion of the “green” carbon neutral biogenic silica source rice hull ash (RHA, ~85 % silica) into useful silicon building blocks such as silica’s, silicon, and alkoxysilanes by using the inherently higher surface area and reactivity of RHA to sidestep the low reactivity of mined silica sources. This is a review of the work that has been done in the area of developing more environmentally benign methods for the synthesis and use of silicon containing materials to eliminate the negative impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Furgal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , 43403 Bowling Green , United States of America
| | - Chamika U. Lenora
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , 43403 Bowling Green , United States of America
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19
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Aoyagi K, Ohmori Y, Inomata K, Matsumoto K, Shimada S, Sato K, Nakajima Y. Synthesis of hydrosilanes via Lewis-base-catalysed reduction of alkoxy silanes with NaBH 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5859-5862. [PMID: 31038143 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrosilanes were synthesized by reduction of alkoxy silanes with BH3 in the presence of hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) as a Lewis-base catalyst. The reaction was also achieved using an inexpensive and easily handled hydride source NaBH4, which reacted with EtBr as a sacrificial reagent to form BH3in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Aoyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yu Ohmori
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koya Inomata
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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20
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Aoyagi K, Matsumoto K, Shimada S, Sato K, Nakajima Y. Catalytic Reduction of Alkoxysilanes with Borane Using a Metallocene-Type Yttrium Complex. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Aoyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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21
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Alkoxysilane production from silica and dimethylcarbonate catalyzed by alkali bases: A quantum chemical investigation of the reaction mechanism. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Sánchez-Ramírez E, Ramírez-Márquez C, Quiroz-Ramírez JJ, Contreras-Zarazúa G, Segovia-Hernández JG, Cervantes-Jauregui JA. Reactive Distillation Column Design for Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) Production: Economic and Environmental Aspects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Ramírez
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - César Ramírez-Márquez
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Juan José Quiroz-Ramírez
- CONACyT − CIATEC A.C. Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, 37545 León, Gto., México
| | - Gabriel Contreras-Zarazúa
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Jorge A. Cervantes-Jauregui
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Gto., México
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23
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Fukaya N, Choi SJ, Horikoshi T, Kataoka S, Endo A, Kumai H, Hasegawa M, Sato K, Choi JC. Direct synthesis of tetraalkoxysilanes from silica and alcohols. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03897b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient process for synthesizing tetraalkoxysilanes from silica and alcohols was developed using molecular sieves as dehydrating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Seong Jib Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Toshio Horikoshi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Sho Kataoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba Central 5
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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24
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Fukaya N, Choi SJ, Horikoshi T, Kumai H, Hasegawa M, Yasuda H, Sato K, Choi JC. Synthesis of Tetramethoxysilane from Silica and Methanol Using Carbon Dioxide and an Organic Dehydrating Reagent. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Furgal JC, Laine RM. Nucleophilic Attack of R-lithium at Tetrahedral Silicon in Alkoxysilanes. An Alternate Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan
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26
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Yi E, Hyde CE, Sun K, Laine RM. Escaping the Tyranny of Carbothermal Reduction: Fumed Silica from Sustainable, Green Sources without First Having to Make SiCl4. Chemistry 2016; 22:2257-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eongyu Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2136 USA
| | - Clare E. Hyde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2136 USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2136 USA
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2136 USA
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