1
|
Hopmann E, Zhang W, Li H, Elezzabi AY. Advances in electrochromic device technology through the exploitation of nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic effects. NANOPHOTONICS 2023; 12:637-657. [PMID: 36844468 PMCID: PMC9945060 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding electrochromic (EC) materials, such materials that change their color upon application of an electrochemical stimulus, has been conducted for centuries. However, most recently, increasing efforts have been put into developing novel solutions to utilize these on-off switching materials in advanced nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic devices. Due to the significant change in dielectric properties of oxides such as WO3, NiO, Mn2O3 and conducting polymers like PEDOT:PSS and PANI, EC materials have transcended beyond simple smart window applications and are now found in plasmonic devices for full-color displays and enhanced modulation transmission and photonic devices with ultra-high on-off ratios and sensing abilities. Advancements in nanophotonic ECDs have further decreased EC switching speed by several orders of magnitude, allowing integration in real-time measurement and lab-on-chip applications. The EC nature of such nanoscale devices promises low energy consumption with low operating voltages paired with bistability and long lifetimes. We summarize these novel approaches to EC device design, lay out the current short comings and draw a path forward for future utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hopmann
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Wu Zhang
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Haizeng Li
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266273, China
| | - Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
- Ultrafast Optics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2V4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim Y, Cha S, Kim JH, Oh JW, Nam JM. Electrochromic response and control of plasmonic metal nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9541-9552. [PMID: 34019053 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic electrochromism, the dependence of the colour of plasmonic materials on the applied electrical potential, has been under the spotlight recently as a key element for the development of optoelectronic devices and spectroscopic tools. In this review, we focus on the electrochromic behaviour and underlying mechanistic principles of plasmonic metal nanoparticles, whose localised surface plasmon resonance occurs in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and present a comprehensive review on the recent progress in understanding and controlling plasmonic electrochromism. The mechanisms underlying the electrochromism of plasmonic metal nanoparticles could be divided into four categories, based on the origin of the LSPR shift: (1) capacitive charging model accompanying variation in the Fermi level, (2) faradaic reactions, (3) non-faradaic reactions, and (4) electrochemically active functional molecule-mediated mechanism. We also review recent attempts to synchronise the simulation with the experimental results and the strategies to overcome the intrinsically diminutive LSPR change of the plasmonic metal nanoparticles. A better understanding and controllability of plasmonic electrochromism provides new insights into and means of the connection between photoelectrochemistry and plasmonics as well as future directions for producing advanced optoelectronic materials and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nisar MS, Kang S, Zhao X. Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030671. [PMID: 31991744 PMCID: PMC7039235 DOI: 10.3390/s20030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shemyal Nisar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Siyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang W, Chen R, Peng Y, Duan F, Huang Y, Guo W, Chen X, Nie L. In Vivo Quantitative Photoacoustic Diagnosis of Gastric and Intestinal Dysfunctions with a Broad pH-Responsive Sensor. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9561-9570. [PMID: 31361949 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal diseases affect many people in the world and significantly impair life quality and burden the healthcare system. The functional parameters of the gastrointestinal tract such as motility and pH can effectively reflect the changes of gastrointestinal activity in physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, a noninvasive method for real-time and quantitative measurement of gastrointestinal functional parameters in vivo is highly desired. At present, there are many strategies widely used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases in clinic, including X-ray barium meal examination, ultrasound imaging, radionuclide examination, endoscopy, etc. However, these methods are limited in determining the gastrointestinal status and cannot provide comprehensive quantitative information. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapid noninvasive real-time imaging technique in which multiple types of functional and quantitative information can be simultaneously obtained. Unfortunately, very few ratiometric PAI contrast agents have been reported for quantification of gastrointestinal functional parameters in vivo. In this work, a broad, pH-responsive ratiometric sensor based on polyaniline and Au triangular nanoplates was developed. Utilizing the sensor as a contrast agent, PAI served as an all-in-one technique, accurately measuring the gastrointestinal functional parameters in a single test. Notably, this sensor was examined to be ultrasensitive with pH responses as fast as 0.6 s and durability as long as 24 h, and was repeatable and reversible for longitudinal monitoring. The quantitative results demonstrated a significant disorder in motility and decrease in pH for gastric and duodenal ulcers. Collectively, the combination of PAI and this broad pH-responsive sensor might be a promising candidate for quantitative diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| | - Ronghe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| | - Ya Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| | - Fei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Translational Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510260 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) , National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Z, Guo L, Chen H, Li X. Synthesis of Novel Chromophore Based on Tricyanocyclopentenone Acceptor and Its NLO Property. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1518919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zupeng Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, SAMS, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu T, Li M, Wang Y, Fang Y, Wang W. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of single Au nanorods. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4424-4429. [PMID: 29896383 PMCID: PMC5956977 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00983j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochromatic dark-field microscopy coupled with high-frequency potential modulation leads to non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of single Au nanorods.
We propose monochromatic dark-field imaging microscopy (DFM) to measure the non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of single Au nanorods (AuNRs). DFM was utilized to monitor the plasmonic scattering of monochromatic incident light by surface-immobilized individual AuNRs. When modulating the surface potential at a certain frequency, non-faradaic charging and discharging of AuNRs altered their electron density, leading to periodical fluctuations in the scattering intensity. Analysis of the amplitude and phase of the optical intensity fluctuation as a function of modulation frequency resulted in the EIS of single AuNRs. High-frequency (>100 Hz) modulation allowed us to differentiate the intrinsic charging effect from other contributions such as the periodic migration and accumulation of counterions in the surrounding medium, because the latter occurred at a longer timescale. As a result, single nanoparticle EIS led to the surface capacitance of single AuNRs being closer to the theoretical value. Since interfacial capacitance has been proven sensitive to molecular interactions, the present work also offers a new platform for single nanoparticle sensing by measuring the single nanoparticle capacitance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ou W, Zou Y, Wang K, Gong W, Pei R, Chen L, Pan Z, Fu D, Huang X, Zhao Y, Lu W, Jiang J. Active Manipulation of NIR Plasmonics: the Case of Cu 2-xSe through Electrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:274-280. [PMID: 29293337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Active control of nanocrystal optical and electrical properties is crucial for many of their applications. By electrochemical (de)lithiation of Cu2-xSe, a highly doped semiconductor, dynamic and reversible manipulation of its NIR plasmonics has been achieved. Spectroelectrochemistry results show that NIR plasmon red-shifted and reduced in intensity during lithiation, which can be reversed with perfect on-off switching over 100 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that a Faradaic redox process during Cu2-xSe (de)lithiation is responsible for the optical modulation, rather than simple capacitive charging. XPS analysis identifies a reversible change in the redox state of selenide anion but not copper cation, consistent with DFT calculations. Our findings open up new possibilities for dynamical manipulation of vacancy-induced surface plasmon resonances and have important implications for their use in NIR optical switching and functional circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Ou
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zou
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Nano-Devices and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenghui Pan
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Huang
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weibang Lu
- Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- i-Lab and Division of Nanobiomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao P, Chen H, Zhang H, Cheng L, Niu T. High-sensitivity refractive index of Au@Cu2−xS core–shell nanorods. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35005-35013. [PMID: 35547074 PMCID: PMC9087292 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A high refractive index sensitivity of Au@Cu2−xS core–shell nanorods working in the near-infrared is theoretically demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cao
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Tiaoming Niu
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu S, Wang L, Lin M, Wang D, Song Z, Li S, Ge R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Sun H, Yang B, Zhang H. Cu(II)-Doped Polydopamine-Coated Gold Nanorods for Tumor Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44293-44306. [PMID: 29235846 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are potentially useful in tumor theranostics, but the poor stability, high toxicity, and rapid removal by the immune system seriously limit their theranostic applications. In our study, we demonstrate the fabrication of Cu(II)-doped polydopamine-coated AuNR (AuNR@CuPDA), which significantly improves the potentials in tumor theranostics. Besides the improvement of physiological stability and biocompatibility, the PDA shell increases the photothermal performance and prolongs the blood circulation time of AuNRs. The half-life of AuNRs during blood circulation increases from 0.7 to 4.5 h after PDA coating, and the injected dose per gram of tumor tissue is 4.6% ID g-1 for AuNR@CuPDA. In addition to computer tomography imaging, the loading of Cu(II) in PDA shell endows AuNR@CuPDA with magnetic resonance imaging function. Cu(II) doped in PDA shell also exhibits chemotherapeutic behavior, and the tumor inhibitor rate is 31.2%. Further combining 808 nm laser-driven photothermal therapy, tumors were completely ablated, and no recurrence was observed. Liver and renal functions tests and histological analysis of major organs confirm that AuNR@CuPDA is in good safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | | | - Min Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Shuyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | | | - Hongchen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang M, Qin G, Liu J, Zhen Z, Fedorchuk A, Lakshminarayana G, Albassam A, El-Naggar A, Ozga K, Kityk I. Modification of indole by electron-rich atoms and their application in novel electron donor materials. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|