1
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Hadzima M, Faucher FF, Blažková K, Yim JJ, Guerra M, Chen S, Woods EC, Park KW, Šácha P, Šubr V, Kostka L, Etrych T, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Bogyo M. Polymer-Tethered Quenched Fluorescent Probes for Enhanced Imaging of Tumor-Associated Proteases. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3720-3729. [PMID: 38941307 PMCID: PMC11287742 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based contrast agents enable real-time detection of solid tumors and their neovasculature, making them ideal for use in image-guided surgery. Several agents have entered late-stage clinical trials or secured FDA approval, suggesting they are likely to become the standard of care in cancer surgeries. One of the key parameters to optimize in contrast agents is molecular size, which dictates much of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agent. Here, we describe the development of a class of protease-activated quenched fluorescent probes in which a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer is used as the primary scaffold. This copolymer core provides a high degree of probe modularity to generate structures that cannot be achieved with small molecules and peptide probes. We used a previously validated cathepsin substrate and evaluated the effects of length and type of linker, as well as the positioning of the fluorophore/quencher pair on the polymer core. We found that the polymeric probes could be optimized to achieve increased overall signal and tumor-to-background ratios compared to the reference small molecule probe. Our results also revealed multiple structure-activity relationship trends that can be used to design and optimize future optical imaging probes. Furthermore, they confirm that a hydrophilic polymer is an ideal scaffold for use in optical imaging contrast probes, allowing a highly modular design that enables efficient optimization to maximize probe accumulation and overall biodistribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadzima
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Praha 2 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Franco F. Faucher
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joshua J. Yim
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy
of Sciences, Heyrovského
n. 2, Praha 6 16206, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, Praha 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department
of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Zamani MR, Hadzima M, Blažková K, Šubr V, Ormsby T, Celis-Gutierrez J, Malissen B, Kostka L, Etrych T, Šácha P, Konvalinka J. Polymer-based antibody mimetics (iBodies) target human PD-L1 and function as a potent immune checkpoint blocker. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107325. [PMID: 38685532 PMCID: PMC11154707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the treatment of choice for cancer immunotherapy. However, low tissue permeability, immunogenicity, immune-related adverse effects, and high cost could be possibly improved using alternative approaches. On the other hand, synthetic low-molecular-weight (LMW) PD-1/PD-L1 blockers have failed to progress beyond in vitro studies, mostly due to low binding affinity or poor pharmacological characteristics resulting from their limited solubility and/or stability. Here, we report the development of polymer-based anti-human PD-L1 antibody mimetics (α-hPD-L1 iBodies) by attaching the macrocyclic peptide WL12 to a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer. We characterized the binding properties of iBodies using surface plasmon resonance, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and a cellular ICB model. We found that the α-hPD-L1 iBodies specifically target human PD-L1 (hPD-L1) and block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in vitro, comparable to the atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab licensed monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1. Our findings suggest that iBodies can be used as experimental tools to target hPD-L1 and could serve as a platform to potentiate the therapeutic effect of hPD-L1-targeting small molecules by improving their affinity and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Department of Biomedical polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ormsby
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Javier Celis-Gutierrez
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Libor Kostka
- Department of Biomedical polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Department of Biomedical polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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3
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Hadzima M, Faucher F, Blažková K, Yim JJ, Guerra M, Chen S, Woods EC, Park KW, Šácha P, Šubr V, Kostka L, Etrych T, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Bogyo M. Polymer-tethered quenched fluorescent probes for enhanced imaging of tumor associated proteases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592849. [PMID: 38766164 PMCID: PMC11100723 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based contrast agents enable real-time detection of solid tumors and their neovasculature, making them ideal for use in image-guided surgery. Several agents have entered late-stage clinical trials or secured FDA approval, suggesting they are likely to become standard of care in cancer surgeries. One of the key parameters to optimize in contrast agent is molecular size, which dictates much of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the agent. Here, we describe the development of a class of protease-activated quenched fluorescent probes in which a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer is used as the primary scaffold. This copolymer core provides a high degree of probe modularity to generate structures that cannot be achieved with small molecules and peptide probes. We used a previously validated cathepsin substrate and evaluated the effects of length and type of linker as well as positioning of the fluorophore/quencher pair on the polymer core. We found that the polymeric probes could be optimized to achieve increased over-all signal and tumor-to-background ratios compared to the reference small molecule probe. Our results also revealed multiple structure-activity relationship trends that can be used to design and optimize future optical imaging probes. Furthermore, they confirm that a hydrophilic polymer is an ideal scaffold for use in optical imaging contrast probes, allowing a highly modular design that enables efficient optimization to maximize probe accumulation and overall biodistribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hadzima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Franco Faucher
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Joshua J. Yim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Guerra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, United States
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4
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Sansee A, Kostka L, Marcalíková A, Kudláčová J, Sedlák F, Kotrchová L, Šácha P, Etrych T, Kielar F. Iridium-based Polymeric Multifunctional Imaging Tools for Biochemistry. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300647. [PMID: 38217401 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a macromolecular multifunctional imaging tool for biological investigations, which is comprised of an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide backbone, iridium-based luminescent probe, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) targeting ligand, and biotin affinity tag. The iridium luminophore is a tris-cyclometalated complex based on [Ir(ppy)3] with one of its 2-phenylpyridine ligands functionalized to allow conjugation. Synthesized macromolecular probes differed in the structure of the polymer and content of the iridium complex. The applicability of the developed imaging tools has been tested in flow cytometry (FACS) based assay, laser confocal microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The FACS analysis has shown that the targeted iBodies containing the iridium luminophore exhibit selective labelling of GCPII expressing cells. This observation was also confirmed in the imaging experiments with laser confocal microscopy. The FLIM experiment has shown that the iBodies with the iridium label exhibit a lifetime greater than 100 ns, which distinguishes them from typically used systems labelled with organic fluorophores exhibiting short fluorescence lifetimes. The results of this investigation indicate that the system exhibits interesting properties, which supports the development of additional biological tools utilizing the key components (iridium complexes, iBody concept), primarily focusing on the longer lifetime of the iridium emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuson Sansee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Libor Kostka
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Marcalíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kotrchová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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5
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Kudláčová J, Kužílková D, Bárta F, Brdičková N, Vávrová A, Kostka L, Hovorka O, Kalina T, Etrych T. Hybrid Macromolecular Constructs as a Platform for Spectral Nanoprobes for Advanced Cellular Barcoding in Flow Cytometry. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300306. [PMID: 37691533 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an advanced bioconjugation technique to synthesize hybrid polymer-antibody nanoprobes tailored for fluorescent cell barcoding in flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping of leukocytes is applied. A novel approach of attachment combining two fluorescent dyes on the copolymer precursor and its conjugation to antibody is employed to synthesize barcoded nanoprobes of antibody polymer dyes allowing up to six nanoprobes to be resolved in two-dimensional cytometry analysis. The major advantage of these nanoprobes is the construct design in which the selected antibody is labeled with an advanced copolymer bearing two types of fluorophores in different molar ratios. The cells after antibody recognition and binding to the target antigen have a characteristic double fluorescence signal for each nanoprobe providing a unique position on the dot plot, thus allowing antibody-based barcoding of cellular samples in flow cytometry assays. This technique is valuable for cellular assays that require low intersample variability and is demonstrated by the live cell barcoding of clinical samples with B cell abnormalities. In total, the samples from six various donors were successfully barcoded using only two detection channels. This barcoding of clinical samples enables sample preparation and measurement in a single tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kužílková
- CLIP (Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague), Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - František Bárta
- R&D division, I.T.A.-Intertact s.r.o, Černokostelecká 143, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Brdičková
- CLIP (Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague), Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Vávrová
- CLIP (Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague), Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hovorka
- R&D division, I.T.A.-Intertact s.r.o, Černokostelecká 143, Prague, 108 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kalina
- CLIP (Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague), Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Prague, 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Department of Biomedical Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
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6
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Koba Y, Nakamoto M, Matsusaki M. Fabrication of a Polymeric Inhibitor of Proximal Metabolic Enzymes in Hypoxia for Synergistic Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Migration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51790-51797. [PMID: 36375210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since conventional molecular targeted drugs often result in side effects, the development of novel molecular targeted drugs with both high efficacy and selectivity is desired. Simultaneous inhibition of metabolically and spatiotemporally related proteins/enzymes is a promising strategy for improving therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment. Herein, we report a poly-α-l-glutamate-based polymer inhibitor that simultaneously targets proximal transmembrane enzymes under hypoxia, namely, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and zinc-dependent metalloproteinases. A polymer incorporating two types of inhibitors more effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells than a combination of two polymers functionalized exclusively with either inhibitor. Synergistic inhibition of cancer cells would occur owing to the hetero-multivalent interactions of the polymer with proximate enzymes on the cancer cell membrane. Our results highlight the potential of polymer-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Koba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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7
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Groborz O, Kolouchová K, Pankrác J, Keša P, Kadlec J, Krunclová T, Pierzynová A, Šrámek J, Hovořáková M, Dalecká L, Pavlíková Z, Matouš P, Páral P, Loukotová L, Švec P, Beneš H, Štěpánek L, Dunlop D, Melo CV, Šefc L, Slanina T, Beneš J, Van Vlierberghe S, Hoogenboom R, Hrubý M. Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscularly Administered Thermoresponsive Polymers. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201344. [PMID: 36153823 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of some polymers exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST); that is, they form phase-separated aggregates when heated above a threshold temperature. Such polymers found many promising (bio)medical applications, including in situ thermogelling with controlled drug release, polymer-supported radiotherapy (brachytherapy), immunotherapy, and wound dressing, among others. Yet, despite the extensive research on medicinal applications of thermoresponsive polymers, their biodistribution and fate after administration remained unknown. Thus, herein, they studied the pharmacokinetics of four different thermoresponsive polyacrylamides after intramuscular administration in mice. In vivo, these thermoresponsive polymers formed depots that subsequently dissolved with a two-phase kinetics (depot maturation, slow redissolution) with half-lives 2 weeks to 5 months, as depot vitrification prolonged their half-lives. Additionally, the decrease of TCP of a polymer solution increased the density of the intramuscular depot. Moreover, they detected secondary polymer depots in the kidneys and liver; these secondary depots also followed two-phase kinetics (depot maturation and slow dissolution), with half-lives 8 to 38 days (kidneys) and 15 to 22 days (liver). Overall, these findings may be used to tailor the properties of thermoresponsive polymers to meet the demands of their medicinal applications. Their methods may become a benchmark for future studies of polymer biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague 6, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague 6, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Pankrác
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Keša
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic.,FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc., Joop Geesinkweg 140 1114 AB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kadlec
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tereza Krunclová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague 6, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Pierzynová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Šrámek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Hovořáková
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Dalecká
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pavlíková
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matouš
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Páral
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague 6, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Štěpánek
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Dunlop
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos V Melo
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Šefc
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging (CAPI), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 3, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542, Prague 6, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Beneš
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, Prague 2, Prague, 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague 6, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
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8
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The development of a high-affinity conformation-sensitive antibody mimetic using a biocompatible copolymer carrier (iBody). J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101342. [PMID: 34710374 PMCID: PMC8600089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide display methods are a powerful tool for discovering new ligands of pharmacologically relevant targets. However, the selected ligands often suffer from low affinity. Using phage display, we identified a new bicyclic peptide binder of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a metalloprotease frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. We show that linking multiple copies of a selected low-affinity peptide to a biocompatible water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer carrier (iBody) improved binding of the conjugate by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, using ELISA, enzyme kinetics, confocal microscopy, and other approaches, we demonstrate that the resulting iBody can distinguish between different conformations of the target protein. The possibility to develop stable, fully synthetic, conformation-selective antibody mimetics has potential applications for molecular recognition, diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies. This strategy could significantly contribute to more effective drug discovery and design.
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9
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Šubr V, Ormsby T, Šácha P, Konvalinka J, Etrych T, Kostka L. The role of the biotin linker in polymer antibody mimetics, iBodies, in biochemical assays. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a linker between the polymer backbone and biotin, and the influence of the number of biotins per polymer chain as well as the biotin position on the polymer chain on the efficacy of the ELISA or pull-down assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ormsby
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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10
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Potalitsyn P, Selicharová I, Sršeň K, Radosavljević J, Marek A, Nováková K, Jiráček J, Žáková L. A radioligand binding assay for the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238393. [PMID: 32877466 PMCID: PMC7467306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 2 and 1 (IGF2 and IGF1) and insulin are closely related hormones that are responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development and growth of the organism. Physiological functions of insulin and IGF1 are relatively well-studied, but information about the role of IGF2 in the body is still sparse. Recent discoveries called attention to emerging functions of IGF2 in the brain, where it could be involved in processes of learning and memory consolidation. It was also proposed that these functions could be mediated by the receptor for IGF2 (IGF2R). Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of signal transduction through this receptor. Here we produced His-tagged domain 11 (D11), an IGF2-binding element of IGF2R; we immobilized it on the solid support through a well-defined sandwich, consisting of neutravidin, biotin and synthetic anti-His-tag antibodies. Next, we prepared specifically radiolabeled [125I]-monoiodotyrosyl-Tyr2-IGF2 and optimized a sensitive and robust competitive radioligand binding assay for determination of the nanomolar binding affinities of hormones for D11 of IGF2. The assay will be helpful for the characterization of new IGF2 mutants to study the functions of IGF2R and the development of new compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Sršeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Nováková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Randárová E, Kudláčová J, Etrych T. HPMA copolymer-antibody constructs in neoplastic treatment: an overview of therapeutics, targeted diagnostics, and drug-free systems. J Control Release 2020; 325:304-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Conibear AC, Schmid A, Kamalov M, Becker CFW, Bello C. Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Approaches for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1174-1205. [PMID: 29173146 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171123204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide-based pharmaceuticals have recently experienced a renaissance due to their ability to fill the gap between the two main classes of available drugs, small molecules and biologics. Peptides combine the high potency and selectivity typical of large proteins with some of the characteristic advantages of small molecules such as synthetic accessibility, stability and the potential of oral bioavailability. METHODS In the present manuscript we review the recent literature on selected peptide-based approaches for cancer treatment, emphasizing recent advances, advantages and challenges of each strategy. RESULTS One of the applications in which peptide-based approaches have grown rapidly is cancer therapy, with a focus on new and established targets. We describe, with selected examples, some of the novel peptide-based methods for cancer treatment that have been developed in the last few years, ranging from naturally-occurring and modified peptides to peptidedrug conjugates, peptide nanomaterials and peptide-based vaccines. CONCLUSION This review brings out the emerging role of peptide-based strategies in oncology research, critically analyzing the advantages and limitations of these approaches and the potential for their development as effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Conibear
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alanca Schmid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meder Kamalov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F W Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Bello
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wahringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biolology-PeptLab, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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13
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Tris-(Nitrilotriacetic Acid)-Decorated Polymer Conjugates as Tools for Immobilization and Visualization of His-Tagged Proteins. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are commonly expressed with artificial affinity tags for purification, immobilization and characterization. The most frequently used tag, His-tag, is a sequence of consecutive histidine residues fused to the protein of interest. Specialized small molecules that bind His-tag are primarily used for purification, while antibodies are used for protein analysis. However, various issues may be encountered with the use of antibodies. Low inherent stability, the difficulty of introducing chemical modifications, and often-unreliable batch-to-batch consistency are among the limiting factors that call for better alternatives. Recently described polymer conjugates of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide and low-molecular-weight functional ligands, so-called iBodies, are antibody mimetics capable of replacing antibodies in biochemical applications. We tailored this system for methods utilizing His-tag by accessorizing the polymer carrier with tris-nitrilotriacetic acid targeting ligands. These anti-polyHis iBodies are additionally accessorized with fluorophores, enabling detection, and biotin ligands, enabling immobilization. Here, we characterized anti-polyHis iBodies and explored their use as antibody mimetics. We tested their stability, as well as the influence of different metal mediators and His-tag lengths on binding. With high affinity and stability, iBodies represent a new alternative for immobilization and visualization of His-tagged proteins.
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14
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Kryštůfek R, Šácha P. An iBody-based lateral flow assay for semi-quantitative determination of His-tagged protein concentration. J Immunol Methods 2019; 473:112640. [PMID: 31400409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The polyhistidine tag (His-tag) is one of the most commonly used epitope tags in protein engineering. While His-tagged proteins can be detected reliably using immunological methods such as ELISA and Western blot, these methods are costly and time-intensive, necessitating more facile solutions for preliminary qualitative determination and concentration estimation. To this end, we present a rapid test strip assay based on iBody antibody mimetics that target the His-tag. We compare this strategy to commercial antibody-based assays and discuss the advantages and caveats of lateral flow assay design. Our test strip detected a panel of His-tagged proteins with different tag attachment strategies with a visual detection limit of 1 μM and densitometric detection limit of 0.5 μM. Due to its chemical nature, the presented assay exhibits wide reagent compatibility in comparison to antibody-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kryštůfek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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15
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A novel Kunitz protein with proposed dual function from Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea) impairs haemostasis and action of complement in vitro. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:337-346. [PMID: 30796952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Serine peptidases are involved in many physiological processes including digestion, haemostasis and complement cascade. Parasites regulate activities of host serine peptidases to their own benefit, employing various inhibitors, many of which belong to the Kunitz-type protein family. In this study, we confirmed the presence of potential anticoagulants in protein extracts of the haematophagous monogenean Eudiplozoon nipponicum which parasitizes the common carp. We then focused on a Kunitz protein (EnKT1) discovered in the E. nipponicum transcriptome, which structurally resembles textilinin-1, an antihemorrhagic snake venom factor from Pseudonaja textilis. The protein was recombinantly expressed, purified and biochemically characterised. The recombinant EnKT1 did inhibit in vitro activity of Factor Xa of the coagulation cascade, but exhibited a higher activity against plasmin and plasma kallikrein, which participate in fibrinolysis, production of kinins, and complement activation. Anti-coagulation properties of EnKT1 based on the inhibition of Factor Xa were confirmed by thromboelastography, but no effect on fibrinolysis was observed. Moreover, we discovered that EnKT1 significantly impairs the function of fish complement, possibly by inhibiting plasmin or Factor Xa which can act as a C3 and C5 convertase. We localised Enkt1 transcripts and protein within haematin digestive cells of the parasite by RNA in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Based on these results, we suggest that the secretory Kunitz protein of E. nipponicum has a dual function. In particular, it impairs both haemostasis and complement activation in vitro, and thus might facilitate digestion of a host's blood and protect a parasite's gastrodermis from damage by the complement. This study presents, to our knowledge, the first characterisation of a Kunitz protein from monogeneans and the first example of a parasite Kunitz inhibitor that impairs the function of the complement.
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16
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Šimon P, Knedlík T, Blažková K, Dvořáková P, Březinová A, Kostka L, Šubr V, Konvalinka J, Šácha P. Identification of Protein Targets of Bioactive Small Molecules Using Randomly Photomodified Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3333-3342. [PMID: 30489064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying protein targets of bioactive small molecules often requires complex, lengthy development of affinity probes. We present a method for stochastic modification of small molecules of interest with a photoactivatable phenyldiazirine linker. The resulting isomeric mixture is conjugated to a hydrophilic copolymer decorated with biotin and a fluorophore. We validated this approach using known inhibitors of several medicinally relevant enzymes. At least a portion of the stochastic derivatives retained their binding to the target, enabling target visualization, isolation, and identification. Moreover, the mix of stochastic probes could be separated into fractions and tested for binding affinity. The structure of the active probe could be determined and the probe resynthesized to improve binding efficiency. Our approach can thus enable rapid target isolation, identification, and visualization, while providing information required for subsequent synthesis of an optimized probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šimon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Knedlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Blažková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Březinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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17
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Jedličková L, Dvořáková H, Dvořák J, Kašný M, Ulrychová L, Vorel J, Žárský V, Mikeš L. Cysteine peptidases of Eudiplozoon nipponicum: a broad repertoire of structurally assorted cathepsins L in contrast to the scarcity of cathepsins B in an invasive species of haematophagous monogenean of common carp. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:142. [PMID: 29510760 PMCID: PMC5840727 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cysteine peptidases of clan CA, family C1 account for a major part of proteolytic activity in the haematophagous monogenean Eudiplozoon nipponicum. The full spectrum of cysteine cathepsins is, however, unknown and their particular biochemical properties, tissue localisation, and involvement in parasite-host relationships are yet to be explored. Methods Sequences of cathepsins L and B (EnCL and EnCB) were mined from E. nipponicum transcriptome and analysed bioinformatically. Genes encoding two EnCLs and one EnCB were cloned and recombinant proteins produced in vitro. The enzymes were purified by chromatography and their activity towards selected substrates was characterised. Antibodies and specific RNA probes were employed for localisation of the enzymes/transcripts in tissues of E. nipponicum adults. Results Transcriptomic analysis revealed a set of ten distinct transcripts that encode EnCLs. The enzymes are significantly variable in their active sites, specifically the S2 subsites responsible for interaction with substrates. Some of them display unusual structural features that resemble cathepsins B and S. Two recombinant EnCLs had different pH activity profiles against both synthetic and macromolecular substrates, and were able to hydrolyse blood proteins and collagen I. They were localised in the haematin cells of the worm’s digestive tract and in gut lumen. The EnCB showed similarity with cathepsin B2 of Schistosoma mansoni. It displays molecular features typical of cathepsins B, including an occluding loop responsible for its exopeptidase activity. Although the EnCB hydrolysed haemoglobin in vitro, it was localised in the vitelline cells of the parasite and not the digestive tract. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study represents the first complex bioinformatic and biochemical characterisation of cysteine peptidases in a monogenean. Eudiplozoon nipponicum adults express a variety of CLs, which are the most abundant peptidases in the worms. The properties and localisation of the two heterologously expressed EnCLs indicate a central role in the (partially extracellular?) digestion of host blood proteins. High variability of substrate-binding sites in the set of EnCLs suggests specific adaptation to a range of biological processes that require proteolysis. Surprisingly, a single cathepsin B is expressed by the parasite and it is not involved in digestion, but probably in vitellogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2666-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jedličková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.,Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vorel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Žárský
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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18
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Neburkova J, Sedlak F, Zackova Suchanova J, Kostka L, Sacha P, Subr V, Etrych T, Simon P, Barinkova J, Krystufek R, Spanielova H, Forstova J, Konvalinka J, Cigler P. Inhibitor-GCPII Interaction: Selective and Robust System for Targeting Cancer Cells with Structurally Diverse Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2932-2945. [PMID: 29389139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane protease overexpressed by prostate cancer cells and detected in the neovasculature of most solid tumors. Targeting GCPII with inhibitor-bearing nanoparticles can enable recognition, imaging, and delivery of treatments to cancer cells. Compared to methods based on antibodies and other large biomolecules, inhibitor-mediated targeting benefits from the low molecular weight of the inhibitor molecules, which are typically stable, easy-to-handle, and able to bind the enzyme with very high affinity. Although GCPII is established as a molecular target, comparing previously reported results is difficult due to the different methodological approaches used. In this work, we investigate the robustness and limitations of GCPII targeting with a diverse range of inhibitor-bearing nanoparticles (various structures, sizes, bionanointerfaces, conjugation chemistry, and surface densities of attached inhibitors). Polymer-coated nanodiamonds, virus-like particles based on bacteriophage Qβ and mouse polyomavirus, and polymeric poly(HPMA) nanoparticles with inhibitors attached by different means were synthesized and characterized. We evaluated their ability to bind GCPII and interact with cancer cells using surface plasmon resonance, inhibition assay, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Regardless of the diversity of the investigated nanosystems, they all strongly interact with GCPII (most with low picomolar Ki values) and effectively target GCPII-expressing cells. The robustness of this approach was limited only by the quality of the nanoparticle bionanointerface, which must be properly designed by adding a sufficient density of hydrophilic protective polymers. We conclude that the targeting of cancer cells overexpressing GCPII is a viable approach transferable to a broad diversity of nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Neburkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Katerinska 32 , 121 08 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Sedlak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Katerinska 32 , 121 08 Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Vinicna 5 , 128 44 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Zackova Suchanova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Vinicna 5 , 128 44 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the CAS , Heyrovskeho namesti 2 , 162 06 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sacha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Subr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the CAS , Heyrovskeho namesti 2 , 162 06 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the CAS , Heyrovskeho namesti 2 , 162 06 , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Simon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Barinkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Robin Krystufek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Hana Spanielova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Vinicna 5 , 128 44 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Vinicna 5 , 128 44 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 43 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS , Flemingovo namesti 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
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19
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Chaloupková Z, Balzerová A, Bařinková J, Medříková Z, Šácha P, Beneš P, Ranc V, Konvalinka J, Zbořil R. Label-free determination of prostate specific membrane antigen in human whole blood at nanomolar levels by magnetically assisted surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 997:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Artificial antibody created by conformational reconstruction of the complementary-determining region on gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E34-E43. [PMID: 29255034 PMCID: PMC5776806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713526115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mimicking protein-like specific interactions and functions has been a long-pursued goal in nanotechnology. The key challenge is to precisely organize nonfunctional surface groups on nanoparticles into specific 3D conformations to function in a concerted and orchestrated manner. Here, we develop a method to graft the complementary-determining regions of natural antibodies onto nanoparticles and reconstruct their “active” conformation to create nanoparticle-based artificial antibodies that recognize the corresponding antigens. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to create functions on nanoparticles by conformational engineering, namely tuning flexible surface groups into specific conformations. Our straightforward strategy could be used further to create other artificial antibodies for various applications and provides a new tool to understand the structure and folding of natural proteins. To impart biomedical functions to nanoparticles (NPs), the common approach is to conjugate functional groups onto NPs by dint of the functions of those groups per se. It is still beyond current reach to create protein-like specific interactions and functions on NPs by conformational engineering of nonfunctional groups on NPs. Here, we develop a conformational engineering method to create an NP-based artificial antibody, denoted “Goldbody,” through conformational reconstruction of the complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of natural antibodies on gold NPs (AuNPs). The seemingly insurmountable task of controlling the conformation of the CDR loops, which are flexible and nonfunctional in the free form, was accomplished unexpectedly in a simple way. Upon anchoring both terminals of the free CDR loops on AuNPs, we managed to reconstruct the “active” conformation of the CDR loops by tuning the span between the two terminals and, as a result, the original specificity was successfully reconstructed on the AuNPs. Two Goldbodies have been created by this strategy to specifically bind with hen egg white lysozyme and epidermal growth factor receptor, with apparent affinities several orders of magnitude stronger than that of the original natural antibodies. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to create protein-like functions on NPs in a protein-like way, namely by tuning flexible surface groups to the correct conformation. Given the apparent merits, including good stability, of Goldbodies, we anticipate that a category of Goldbodies could be created to target different antigens and thus used as substitutes for natural antibodies in various applications.
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21
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Weiss VM, Lucas H, Mueller T, Chytil P, Etrych T, Naolou T, Kressler J, Mäder K. Intended and Unintended Targeting of Polymeric Nanocarriers: The Case of Modified Poly(glycerol adipate) Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 29218838 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable nanoparticles based on stearic acid-modified poly(glycerol adipate) (PGAS) are promising carriers for drug delivery. In order to investigate the impact of the particle interface characteristics on the biological fate, PGAS nanoparticles are covalently and noncovalently coated with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers. HPMA copolymer-modified PGAS nanoparticles have similar particle sizes, but less negative zeta-potentials. Nanoparticles are double labeled with the fluorescent dyes DiR (noncovalently) and DYOMICS-676 (covalently bound to HPMA copolymer), and their biodistribution is investigated noninvasively by multispectral optical imaging. Both covalent and noncovalent coatings cause changes in the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. In addition to the intended tumor accumulation, high signals of both fluorescent dyes are also observed in other organs, including liver, ovaries, adrenal glands, and bone. The unintended accumulation of nanocarriers needs further detailed and systematic investigations, especially with respect to the observed ovarian and adrenal gland accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Weiss
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Oncology/Hematology), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Toufik Naolou
- Department of Biomimetic Materials, Institute of Biomaterial Science, HZG Teltow, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Random protein sequences can form defined secondary structures and are well-tolerated in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15449. [PMID: 29133927 PMCID: PMC5684393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein sequences found in nature represent a tiny fraction of the potential sequences that could be constructed from the 20-amino-acid alphabet. To help define the properties that shaped proteins to stand out from the space of possible alternatives, we conducted a systematic computational and experimental exploration of random (unevolved) sequences in comparison with biological proteins. In our study, combinations of secondary structure, disorder, and aggregation predictions are accompanied by experimental characterization of selected proteins. We found that the overall secondary structure and physicochemical properties of random and biological sequences are very similar. Moreover, random sequences can be well-tolerated by living cells. Contrary to early hypotheses about the toxicity of random and disordered proteins, we found that random sequences with high disorder have low aggregation propensity (unlike random sequences with high structural content) and were particularly well-tolerated. This direct structure content/aggregation propensity dependence differentiates random and biological proteins. Our study indicates that while random sequences can be both structured and disordered, the properties of the latter make them better suited as progenitors (in both in vivo and in vitro settings) for further evolution of complex, soluble, three-dimensional scaffolds that can perform specific biochemical tasks.
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23
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Dvořáková P, Bušek P, Knedlík T, Schimer J, Etrych T, Kostka L, Stollinová Šromová L, Šubr V, Šácha P, Šedo A, Konvalinka J. Inhibitor-Decorated Polymer Conjugates Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8385-8393. [PMID: 28953383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are directly involved in cancer pathogenesis. Expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is upregulated in stromal fibroblasts in more than 90% of epithelial cancers and is associated with tumor progression. FAP expression is minimal or absent in most normal adult tissues, suggesting its promise as a target for the diagnosis or treatment of various cancers. Here, we report preparation of a polymer conjugate (an iBody) containing a FAP-specific inhibitor as the targeting ligand. The iBody inhibits both human and mouse FAP with low nanomolar inhibition constants but does not inhibit close FAP homologues dipeptidyl peptidase IV, dipeptidyl peptidase 9, and prolyl oligopeptidase. We demonstrate the applicability of this iBody for the isolation of FAP from cell lysates and blood serum as well as for its detection by ELISA, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Our results show the iBody is a useful tool for FAP targeting in vitro and potentially also for specific anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Viničná 7, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bušek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Knedlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Stollinová Šromová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , U Nemocnice 5, 12853 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of The Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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24
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Koziolová E, Goel S, Chytil P, Janoušková O, Barnhart TE, Cai W, Etrych T. A tumor-targeted polymer theranostics platform for positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10906-10918. [PMID: 28731080 PMCID: PMC5551419 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel polymer platform suitable for efficient diagnostics and potential theranostics based on 89Zr-labeled N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based copolymer conjugates. A set of polymers differing in molecular weight with either low dispersity or high dispersity were designed and synthesized and their biodistribution in vivo was successfully and precisely observed over 72 h. Moreover, the feasibility of two imaging techniques, fluorescence imaging (FI) and positron emission tomography (PET), was compared using labeled polymer conjugates. Both methods gave comparable results thus showing the enhanced diagnostic potential of the prepared polymer-dye or polymer-chelator-89Zr constructs. The in vivo and ex vivo PET/FI studies indicated that the dispersity and molecular weight of the linear HPMA polymers have a significant influence on the pharmacokinetics of the polymer conjugates. The higher molecular weight and narrower distribution of molecular weights of the polymer carriers improve their pharmacokinetic profile for highly prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor uptake. Moreover, the same polymer carrier with the anticancer drug doxorubicin bound by a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond showed higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in vitro. Therefore, HPMA copolymers with low dispersity and a molecular weight near the limit of renal filtration can be used as highly efficient polymer carriers of tumor-targeted therapeutics or for theranostics with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Shreya Goel
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weibo Cai
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA and Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic.
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25
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Nováková Z, Foss CA, Copeland BT, Morath V, Baranová P, Havlínová B, Skerra A, Pomper MG, Barinka C. Novel Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Human Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Research and Theranostic Tools. Prostate 2017; 77:749-764. [PMID: 28247415 PMCID: PMC7061361 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Here, we report the detailed characterization of four novel murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PSMA as well as PSMA orthologs from different species. METHODS Performance of purified mAbs was assayed using a comprehensive panel of in vitro experimental setups including Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, flow cytometry, and surface-plasmon resonance. Furthermore, a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer was used to compare the suitability of the mAbs for in vivo applications. RESULTS All mAbs demonstrate high specificity for PSMA as documented by the lack of cross-reactivity to unrelated human proteins. The 3F11 and 1A11 mAbs bind linear epitopes spanning residues 226-243 and 271-288 of human PSMA, respectively. 3F11 is also suitable for the detection of PSMA orthologs from mouse, pig, dog, and rat in experimental setups where the denatured form of PSMA is used. 5D3 and 5B1 mAbs recognize distinct surface-exposed conformational epitopes and are useful for targeting PSMA in its native conformation. Most importantly, using a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer we show that both the intact 5D3 and its Fab fragment are suitable for in vivo imaging. CONCLUSIONS With apparent affinities of 0.14 and 1.2 nM as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively, 5D3 has approximately 10-fold higher affinity for PSMA than the clinically validated mAb J591 and, therefore, is a prime candidate for the development of next-generation theranostics to target PSMA. Prostate 77:749-764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Nováková
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Benjamin T. Copeland
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Volker Morath
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Petra Baranová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Havlínová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence to: Dr. Cyril Barinka, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Prumyslova 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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26
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Bojarová P, Chytil P, Mikulová B, Bumba L, Konefał R, Pelantová H, Krejzová J, Slámová K, Petrásková L, Kotrchová L, Cvačka J, Etrych T, Křen V. Glycan-decorated HPMA copolymers as high-affinity lectin ligands. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New conjugates of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers tethered with chitooligosaccharidic epitopes of varying lengths are potent ligands of wheat germ agglutinin, reaching subnanomolar binding affinities.
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27
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Navrátil V, Schimer J, Tykvart J, Knedlík T, Vik V, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Šácha P. DNA-linked Inhibitor Antibody Assay (DIANA) for sensitive and selective enzyme detection and inhibitor screening. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:e10. [PMID: 27679479 PMCID: PMC5314793 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diseases are often diagnosed by determining levels of relevant enzymes and treated by enzyme inhibitors. We describe an assay suitable for both ultrasensitive enzyme quantification and quantitative inhibitor screening with unpurified enzymes. In the DNA-linked Inhibitor ANtibody Assay (DIANA), the target enzyme is captured by an immobilized antibody, probed with a small-molecule inhibitor attached to a reporter DNA and detected by quantitative PCR. We validate the approach using the putative cancer markers prostate-specific membrane antigen and carbonic anhydrase IX. We show that DIANA has a linear range of up to six logs and it selectively detects zeptomoles of targets in complex biological samples. DIANA's wide dynamic range permits determination of target enzyme inhibition constants using a single inhibitor concentration. DIANA also enables quantitative screening of small-molecule enzyme inhibitors using microliters of human blood serum containing picograms of target enzyme. DIANA's performance characteristics make it a superior tool for disease detection and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Navrátil
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Knedlík
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Vik
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital in Prague, Prague, 140 59, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 166 10, Czech Republic .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic
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28
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Šácha P, Knedlík T, Schimer J, Tykvart J, Parolek J, Navrátil V, Dvořáková P, Sedlák F, Ulbrich K, Strohalm J, Majer P, Šubr V, Konvalinka J. iBodies: Modular Synthetic Antibody Mimetics Based on Hydrophilic Polymers Decorated with Functional Moieties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2356-60. [PMID: 26749427 PMCID: PMC4755222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are indispensable tools for biomedicine and anticancer therapy. Nevertheless, their use is compromised by high production costs, limited stability, and difficulty of chemical modification. The design and preparation of synthetic polymer conjugates capable of replacing antibodies in biomedical applications such as ELISA, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoprecipitation is reported. The conjugates, named “iBodies”, consist of an HPMA copolymer decorated with low‐molecular‐weight compounds that function as targeting ligands, affinity anchors, and imaging probes. We prepared specific conjugates targeting several proteins with known ligands and used these iBodies for enzyme inhibition, protein isolation, immobilization, quantification, and live‐cell imaging. Our data indicate that this highly modular and versatile polymer system can be used to produce inexpensive and stable antibody substitutes directed toward virtually any protein of interest with a known ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Knedlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tykvart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Parolek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Navrátil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dvořáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - František Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 12108, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Strohalm
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského n. 2, 16206, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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