1
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Tisdale KA, Kapuge Dona NL, Smith RC. The Influence of the Comonomer Ratio and Reaction Temperature on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Lignin Oil-Sulfur Composites. Molecules 2024; 29:4209. [PMID: 39275057 PMCID: PMC11397338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Although lignin is a plentiful biomass resource, it continually exists as an underutilized component of biomass material. Elemental sulfur is another abundant yet underutilized commodity produced as a by-product resulting from the refining of fossil fuels. The current study presents a strategy for preparing five durable composites via a simple one-pot synthesis involving the reaction of lignin oil and elemental sulfur. These lignin oil-sulfur composites LOSx@T (where x = wt. % sulfur, ranging from 80 to 90, and T represents the reaction temperature in °C) were prepared via the reaction of elemental sulfur and lignin oil (LO) with elemental sulfur. The resulting composites could be remelted and reshaped several times without the loss of mechanical strength. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological studies showed that LOSx@T possesses properties competitive with some mechanical properties of commercial building materials, exhibiting favorable compressive strengths (22.1-35.9 MPa) and flexural strengths (5.7-6.5 MPa) exceeding the values required for many construction applications of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and brick formulations. While varying the amount of organic material did not result in a notable difference in mechanical strength, increasing the reaction temperature from 230 to 300 °C resulted in a significant increase in compressive strength. The results reported herein reveal potential applications of both lignin and waste sulfur during the ongoing effort toward developing recyclable and sustainable building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Tisdale
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nawoda L Kapuge Dona
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Rhett C Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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2
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Grimm AP, Plank M, Stihl A, Schmitt CW, Voll D, Schacher FH, Lahann J, Théato P. Inverse Vulcanization of Activated Norbornenyl Esters-A Versatile Platform for Functional Sulfur Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202411010. [PMID: 38895894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur has shown to be a promising alternative feedstock for development of novel polymeric materials with high sulfur content. However, the utilization of inverse vulcanized polymers is restricted by the limitation of functional comonomers suitable for an inverse vulcanization. Control over properties and structure of inverse vulcanized polymers still poses a challenge to current research due to the dynamic nature of sulfur-sulfur bonds and high temperature of inverse vulcanization reactions. In here, we report for the first time the inverse vulcanization of norbornenyl pentafluorophenyl ester (NB-PFPE), allowing for post-modification of inverse vulcanized polymers via amidation of reactive PFP esters to yield high sulfur content polymers under mild conditions. Amidation of the precursor material with three functional primary amines (α-amino-ω-methoxy polyethylene glycol, aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, allylamine) was investigated. The resulting materials were applicable as sulfur containing poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles in aqueous environment. Cross-linked mercury adsorbents, sulfur surface coatings, and high-sulfur content networks with predictable thermal properties were achievable using aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and allylamine for post-polymerization modification, respectively. With the broad range of different amines available and applicable for post-polymerization modification, the versatility of poly(sulfur-random-NB-PFPE) as a platform precursor polymer for novel specialized sulfur containing materials was showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Grimm
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3) Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stihl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena (FSU), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian W Schmitt
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3) Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dominik Voll
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena (FSU), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Polymers in Energy Applications Jena (HIPOLE Jena), Lessingstraße 12-14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick Théato
- Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3) Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Shen H, Chen J, Tan KB. Ethyl cellulose matrixed poly(sulfur-co-sorbic acid) composite films: Regulation of properties and application for food preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135183. [PMID: 39214227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing non-toxic and sustainable materials with versatile and diverse functions has always been a crucial issue in food preservation packaging. Recently, inverse vulcanization has emerged as a precise and eco-friendly solution, attributed to the versatility of resulting polysulfides. In this study, a polysulfide crosslinked with sorbic acid was prepared by inverse vulcanization, and further combined with bio-macromolecular ethyl cellulose to form composite films via a casting method. Thanks to the ethanol-solubility and good compatibility of ethyl cellulose towards the polysulfide, morphology of the films can be tailored by adjusting the component ratio, thereby achieving favorable water vapor permeability (2.20 × 10-12 gs-1m-1Pa-1), oxygen permeability (4.01 × 10-4 gs-1 m-2), elasticity modulus (~400 MPa), elongation at break (~16 %), etc. Some films demonstrate remarkable antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, demonstrating their effectiveness in food preservation. The browning and spoilage of preserved Agaricus bisporus were inhibited, with 79.2 % of the initial firmness retained and a 5.6 % weight loss recorded on the 6th day. For the 15-day preservation of grapes, minimal changes in appearance, firmness, or TSS were observed, underscoring the promising potential of this composite for food preservation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jianfu Chen
- College of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Kok Bing Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Integrated Nanocatalysts Institute, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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4
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Jeon Y, Ahn CS, Char K, Lim J. Size Control and Antioxidant Properties of Sulfur-Rich Polymer Colloids from Interfacial Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300747. [PMID: 38652855 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
High sulfur content polymeric materials, known for their intriguing properties such as high refractive indices and high electrochemical capacities, have garnered significant interest in recent years for their applications in optics, antifouling surfaces, triboelectrics, and electrochemistry. Despite the high interest, most high sulfur-content polymers reported to date are either bulk materials or thin films, and there is a general lack of research into sulfur-rich polymer colloids. Water-dispersed, sulfur-rich particles are anticipated to broaden the range of applications for sulfur-containing materials. In this study, the preparation and size control parameters are presented of an aqueous dispersion of sulfur-rich polymers with the sulfur content of dispersed particles exceeding 75 wt%. Employing polymeric stabilizers with varying hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), along with changing the rank of inorganic polysulfides, allow for the control of particle size in the range of 360 nm - 1.8 µm. The sulfur-rich colloid demonstrates antioxidant properties in water, demonstrating the potential for the use of sulfur-rich polymeric materials readily removable, heterogeneous radical scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Current address: Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL), 87 Digital-ro 26-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Sup Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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5
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Mann AK, Lisboa LS, Tonkin SJ, Gascooke JR, Chalker JM, Gibson CT. Modification of Polysulfide Surfaces with Low-Power Lasers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404802. [PMID: 38501442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The modification of polymer surfaces using laser light is important for many applications in the nano-, bio- and chemical sciences. Such capabilities have supported advances in biomedical devices, electronics, information storage, microfluidics, and other applications. In most cases, these modifications require high power lasers that are expensive and require specialized equipment and facilities to minimize risk of hazardous radiation. Additionally, polymer systems that can be easily modified by lasers are often complex and costly to prepare. In this report, these challenges are addressed with the discovery of low-cost sulfur copolymers that can be rapidly modified with lasers emitting low-power infrared and visible light. The featured copolymers are made from elemental sulfur and either cyclopentadiene or dicyclopentadiene. Using a suite of lasers with discreet wavelengths (532, 638 and 786 nm) and powers, a variety of surface modifications could be made on the polymers such as controlled swelling or etching via ablation. The facile synthesis and laser modification of these polymer systems were exploited in applications such as direct laser lithography and erasable information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Mann
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Lynn S Lisboa
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Samuel J Tonkin
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Jason R Gascooke
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, South Australia Node, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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6
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Gallizioli C, Battke D, Schlaad H, Deglmann P, Plajer AJ. Ring-Opening Terpolymerisation of Elemental Sulfur Waste with Propylene Oxide and Carbon Disulfide via Lithium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319810. [PMID: 38421100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur, a waste product of the oil refinement process, represents a promising raw material for the synthesis of degradable polymers. We show that simple lithium alkoxides facilitate the polymerisation of elemental sulfur S8 with industrially relevant propylene oxide (PO) and CS2 (a base chemical sourced from waste S8 itself) to give poly(monothiocarbonate-alt-Sx) in which x can be controlled by the amount of supplied sulfur. The in situ generation of thiolate intermediates obtained by a rearrangement, which follows CS2 and PO incorporation, allows to combine S8 and epoxides into one polymer sequence that would otherwise not be possible. Mechanistic investigations reveal that alkyl oligosulfide intermediates from S8 ring opening and sulfur chain length equilibration represent the better nucleophiles for inserting the next PO if compared to the trithiocarbonates obtained from the competing CS2 addition, which causes the sequence selectivity. The polymers can be crosslinked in situ with multifunctional thiols to yield reprocessable and degradable networks. Our report demonstrates how mechanistic understanding allows to combine intrinsically incompatible building blocks for sulfur waste utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gallizioli
- Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth
| | - David Battke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam
| | - Peter Deglmann
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein
| | - Alex J Plajer
- Makromolekulare Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth
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7
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Diniz V, Bear JC, Rath S, Crick CR. Porous sulfur polymers for effective aqueous-phase organic contaminant removal. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8144. [PMID: 38584187 PMCID: PMC10999450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur polymers produced through 'inverse vulcanization' exhibit various attributes, such as photocatalytic activity and a high capacity to adsorb heavy metals. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research investigating the use of sulfur polymers as materials for the removal of organic contaminants. In this work, porous sulfur polymers (PSPs) were synthesized from elemental sulfur and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene, with porosity introduced via salt templating. The result is a material that can strongly adsorb and chemically neutralize a model organic contaminant (caffeine). PSPs show adsorption up to 5 times higher than a leading adsorption material (activated carbon). Furthermore, either the adsorption or degradation processes can govern the removal efficiency depending on the synthesis parameters of PSPs. This is the first-ever report demonstrating sulfur polymers as effective materials for removing emerging contaminants from water. The versatile synthesis of sulfur polymers offers variation, which means that there is much more to explore in this exciting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Diniz
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-Upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Colin R Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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8
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Lyu S, Abidin ZZ, Yaw TCS, Resul MFMG. Synthesis of surface-modified porous polysulfides from soybean oil by inverse vulcanization and its sorption behavior for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29264-29279. [PMID: 38573576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Guided by efficient utilization of natural plant oil and sulfur as low-cost sorbents, it is desired to tailor the porosity and composition of polysulfides to achieve their optimal applications in the management of aquatic heavy metal pollution. In this study, polysulfides derived from soybean oil and sulfur (PSSs) with improved porosity (10.2-22.9 m2/g) and surface oxygen content (3.1-7.0 wt.%) were prepared with respect to reaction time of 60 min, reaction temperature of 170 °C, and mass ratios of sulfur/soybean oil/NaCl/sodium citrate of 1:1:3:2. The sorption behaviors of PSSs under various hydrochemical conditions such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, coexisting cations and anions, temperature were systematically investigated. PSSs presented a fast sorption kinetic (5.0 h) and obviously improved maximum sorption capacities for Pb(II) (180.5 mg/g), Cu(II) (49.4 mg/g), and Cr(III) (37.0 mg/g) at pH 5.0 and T 298 K, in comparison with polymers made without NaCl/sodium citrate. This study provided a valuable reference for the facile preparation of functional polysulfides as well as a meaningful option for the removal of aquatic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Choong Shean Yaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mukhtar Gunam Resul
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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9
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Ghumman ASM, Shamsuddin R, Abbasi A, Ahmad M, Yoshida Y, Sami A, Almohamadi H. The predictive machine learning model of a hydrated inverse vulcanized copolymer for effective mercury sequestration from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168034. [PMID: 37924888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Inverse vulcanized polysulfides (IVP) are promising sulfur-enriched copolymers with unconventional properties irresistible for diverse applications like Hg2+ remediation. Nevertheless, due to their inherent hydrophobic nature, these copolymers still offer low Hg2+ uptake capacity. Herein, we reported the synthesis of IVP by reacting molten sulfur with 4-vinyl benzyl chloride, followed by their functionalization using N-methyl D-glucamine (NMDG) to increase the hydration of the developed IVP. The chemical composition and structure of the functionalized IVP were proposed based on FTIR and XPS analysis. The functionalized IVP demonstrated a high mercury adsorption capacity of 608 mg/g (compared to <26 mg/g for common IVP) because of rich sulfur and hydrophilic regions. NMDG functionalized IVP removed 100 % Hg2+ from a low feed concentration (10-50 mg/l). A predictive machine learning model was also developed to predict the amount of mercury removed (%) using GPR, ANN, Decision Tree, and SVM algorithms. Hyperparameter and loss function optimization was also carried out to reduce the prediction error. The optimized GPR algorithm demonstrated high R2 (0.99 (training) and 0.98 (unseen)) and low RMSE (2.74 (training) and 2.53 (unseen)) values indicating its goodness in predicting the amount of mercury removed. The produced functionalized IVP can be regenerated and reused with constant Hg2+ uptake capacity. Sulfur is the waste of the petrochemical industry and is abundantly available, making the functionalized IVP a sustainable and cheap adsorbent that can be produced for high-volume Hg2+ remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This research effectively addresses the removal of the global top-priority neurotoxic pollutant mercury, which is toxic even at low concentrations. We attempted to remove the Hg2+ utilizing an inexpensive adsorbent developed by NMDG functionalized copolymer of molten sulfur and VBC. A predictive machine learning model was also formulated to predict the amount of mercury removal from wastewater with only a 0.05 % error which shows the goodness of the developed model. This work is critical in utilizing this low-cost adsorbent and demonstrates its potential for large-scale industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Rashid Shamsuddin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Technology University of the Shannon (TUS), Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Mohaira Ahmad
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yoshiaki Yoshida
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1, Sensui-Cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi 804-8550, Japan
| | - Abdul Sami
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Hamad Almohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Li Z, Huang Y, Lv B, Du J, Yang J, Fu L, Jin H. Gasotransmitter-Mediated Cysteinome Oxidative Posttranslational Modifications: Formation, Biological Effects, and Detection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:145-167. [PMID: 37548538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), participate in various cellular processes via corresponding oxidative posttranslational modifications (oxiPTMs) of specific cysteines. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence has clarified the mechanisms underlying the formation of oxiPTMs derived from gasotransmitters and their biological functions in multiple signal pathways. Because of the specific existence and functional importance, determining the sites of oxiPTMs in cysteine is crucial in biology. Recent advances in the development of selective probes, together with upgraded mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, have enabled the quantitative analysis of cysteinome. To date, several cysteine residues have been identified as gasotransmitter targets. Critical Issues: To clearly understand the underlying mechanisms for gasotransmitter-mediated biological processes, it is important to identify modified targets. In this review, we summarize the chemical formation and biological effects of gasotransmitter-dependent oxiPTMs and highlight the state-of-the-art detection methods. Future Directions: Future studies in this field should aim to develop the next generation of probes for in situ labeling to improve spatial resolution and determine the dynamic change of oxiPTMs, which can lay the foundation for research on the molecular mechanisms and clinical translation of gasotransmitters. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 145-167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Bischoff DJ, Lee T, Kang KS, Molineux J, O'Neil Parker W, Pyun J, Mackay ME. Unraveling the rheology of inverse vulcanized polymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7553. [PMID: 37985754 PMCID: PMC10662295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple relaxation times are used to capture the numerous stress relaxation modes found in bulk polymer melts. Herein, inverse vulcanization is used to synthesize high sulfur content (≥50 wt%) polymers that only need a single relaxation time to describe their stress relaxation. The S-S bonds in these organopolysulfides undergo dissociative bond exchange when exposed to elevated temperatures, making the bond exchange dominate the stress relaxation. Through the introduction of a dimeric norbornadiene crosslinker that improves thermomechanical properties, we show that it is possible for the Maxwell model of viscoelasticity to describe both dissociative covalent adaptable networks and living polymers, which is one of the few experimental realizations of a Maxwellian material. Rheological master curves utilizing time-temperature superposition were constructed using relaxation times as nonarbitrary horizontal shift factors. Despite advances in inverse vulcanization, this is the first complete characterization of the rheological properties of this class of unique polymeric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Bischoff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jake Molineux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Michael E Mackay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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12
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Fornacon-Wood C, Manjunatha BR, Stühler MR, Gallizioli C, Müller C, Pröhm P, Plajer AJ. Precise cooperative sulfur placement leads to semi-crystallinity and selective depolymerisability in CS 2/oxetane copolymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4525. [PMID: 37500621 PMCID: PMC10374558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CS2 promises easy access to degradable sulfur-rich polymers and insights into how main-group derivatisation affects polymer formation and properties, though its ring-opening copolymerisation is plagued by low linkage selectivity and small-molecule by-products. We demonstrate that a cooperative Cr(III)/K catalyst selectively delivers poly(dithiocarbonates) from CS2 and oxetanes while state-of-the-art strategies produce linkage scrambled polymers and heterocyclic by-products. The formal introduction of sulfur centres into the parent polycarbonates results in a net shift of the polymerisation equilibrium towards, and therefore facilitating, depolymerisation. During copolymerisation however, the catalyst enables near quantitative generation of the metastable polymers in high sequence selectivity by limiting the lifetime of alkoxide intermediates. Furthermore, linkage selectivity is key to obtain semi-crystalline materials that can be moulded into self-standing objects as well as to enable chemoselective depolymerisation into cyclic dithiocarbonates which can themselves serve as monomers in ring-opening polymerisation. Our report demonstrates the potential of cooperative catalysis to produce previously inaccessible main-group rich materials with beneficial chemical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fornacon-Wood
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bhargav R Manjunatha
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merlin R Stühler
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesare Gallizioli
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Pröhm
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex J Plajer
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie., Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Bao J, Martin KP, Cho E, Kang KS, Glass RS, Coropceanu V, Bredas JL, Parker WO, Njardarson JT, Pyun J. On the Mechanism of the Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur: Structural Characterization of Poly(sulfur- random-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)). J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37224413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur polymers, such as those derived from elemental sulfur, are an important new class of macromolecules that have recently emerged via the inverse vulcanization process. Since the launching of this new field in 2013, the development of new monomers and organopolysulfide materials based on the inverse vulcanization process is now an active area in polymer chemistry. While numerous advances have been made over the last decade concerning this polymerization process, insights into the mechanism of inverse vulcanization and structural characterization of the high-sulfur-content copolymers that are produced remain challenging due to the increasing insolubility of the materials with a higher sulfur content. Furthermore, the high temperatures used in this process can result in side reactions and complex microstructures of the copolymer backbone, complicating detailed characterization. The most widely studied case of inverse vulcanization to date remains the reaction between S8 and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) to form poly(sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)(poly(S-r-DIB)). Here, to determine the correct microstructure of poly(S-r-DIB), we performed comprehensive structural characterizations of poly(S-r-DIB) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (solid state and solution) and analysis of sulfurated DIB units using designer S-S cleavage polymer degradation approaches, along with complementary de novo synthesis of the sulfurated DIB fragments. These studies reveal that the previously proposed repeating units for poly(S-r-DIB) were incorrect and that the polymerization mechanism of this process is significantly more complex than initially proposed. Density functional theory calculations were also conducted to provide mechanistic insights into the formation of the derived nonintuitive microstructure of poly(S-r-DIB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eunkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wallace O'Neil Parker
- Physical Chemistry Department, Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, ENI S.p.A., Via Maritano 26, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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14
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Pople JMM, Nicholls TP, Pham LN, Bloch WM, Lisboa LS, Perkins MV, Gibson CT, Coote ML, Jia Z, Chalker JM. Electrochemical Synthesis of Poly(trisulfides). J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11798-11810. [PMID: 37196214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
With increasing interest in high sulfur content polymers, there is a need to develop new methods for their synthesis that feature improved safety and control of structure. In this report, electrochemically initiated ring-opening polymerization of norbornene-based cyclic trisulfide monomers delivered well-defined, linear poly(trisulfides), which were solution processable. Electrochemistry provided a controlled initiation step that obviates the need for hazardous chemical initiators. The high temperatures required for inverse vulcanization are also avoided resulting in an improved safety profile. Density functional theory calculations revealed a reversible "self-correcting" mechanism that ensures trisulfide linkages between monomer units. This control over sulfur rank is a new benchmark for high sulfur content polymers and creates opportunities to better understand the effects of sulfur rank on polymer properties. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the ability to recycle the polymer to the cyclic trisulfide monomer by thermal depolymerization. The featured poly(trisulfide) is an effective gold sorbent, with potential applications in mining and electronic waste recycling. A water-soluble poly(trisulfide) containing a carboxylic acid group was also produced and found to be effective in the binding and recovery of copper from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M M Pople
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas P Nicholls
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Witold M Bloch
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Lynn S Lisboa
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael V Perkins
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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15
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Dop RA, Neill DR, Hasell T. Sulfur-Polymer Nanoparticles: Preparation and Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20822-20832. [PMID: 37074085 PMCID: PMC10165599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High sulfur content polymers prepared by inverse vulcanization have many reported potential applications, including as novel antimicrobial materials. High sulfur content polymers usually have limited water-solubility and dispersibility due to their hydrophobic nature, which could limit the development of their applications. Herein, we report the formulation of high sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation and emulsion-based method. High sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles were found to have an inhibitory effect against important bacterial pathogens, including Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Salt-stable particles were formulated with the addition of a surfactant, which did not inhibit the antibacterial activity of the polymeric particles. Furthermore, the polymeric nanoparticles were found to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and exhibited low cytotoxicity against mammalian liver cells. Interaction of the polymeric particles with cellular thiols could be a potential mechanism of action against bacterial cells, as demonstrated by reaction with cysteine as a model thiol. The findings presented demonstrate methods of preparing aqueous dispersions of high sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles that could have useful biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy A Dop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Neill
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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16
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Cherumukkil S, Agrawal S, Jasra RV. Sulfur Polymer as Emerging Advanced Materials: Synthesis and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Cherumukkil
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Santosh Agrawal
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
| | - Raksh Vir Jasra
- Research Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited Vadodara Gujarat 391346 India
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17
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Du H, Gu X, Johs A, Yin X, Spano T, Wang D, Pierce EM, Gu B. Sonochemical oxidation and stabilization of liquid elemental mercury in water and soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130589. [PMID: 37055993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Over 3000 mercury (Hg)-contaminated sites worldwide contain liquid metallic Hg [Hg(0)l] representing a continuous source of elemental Hg(0) in the environment through volatilization and solubilization in water. Currently, there are few effective treatment technologies available to remove or sequester Hg(0)l in situ. We investigated sonochemical treatments coupled with complexing agents, polysulfide and sulfide, in oxidizing Hg(0)l and stabilizing Hg in water, soil and quartz sand. Results indicate that sonication is highly effective in breaking up and oxidizing liquid Hg(0)l beads via acoustic cavitation, particularly in the presence of polysulfide. Without complexing agents, sonication caused only minor oxidation of Hg(0)l but increased headspace gaseous Hg(0)g and dissolved Hg(0)aq in water. However, the presence of polysulfide essentially stopped Hg(0) volatilization and solubilization. As a charged polymer, polysulfide was more effective than sulfide in oxidizing Hg(0)l and subsequently stabilizing the precipitated metacinnabar (β-HgS) nanocrystals. Sonochemical treatments with sulfide yielded incomplete oxidation of Hg(0)l, likely resulting from the formation of HgS coatings on the dispersed µm-size Hg(0)l bead surfaces. Sonication with polysulfide also resulted in rapid oxidation of Hg(0)l and precipitation of HgS in quartz sand and in the Hg(0)l-contaminated soil. This research indicates that sonochemical treatment with polysulfide could be an effective means in rapidly converting Hg(0)l to insoluble HgS precipitates in water and sediments, thereby preventing its further emission and release to the environment. We suggest that future studies are performed to confirm its technical feasibility and treatment efficacy for remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Xin Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Alexander Johs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Xiangping Yin
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Tyler Spano
- Nuclear Nonproliferation Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Eric M Pierce
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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18
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Yang J, Yang Q, Zhao H, He L. Elastomeric Polyurethane Foam from Elemental Sulfur with Exceptional Mercury Capture Capability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Section for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lirong He
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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19
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Graham MJ, Lopez CV, Maladeniya CP, Tennyson AG, Smith RC. Influence of pozzolans on plant
oil‐sulfur
polymer cements: More sustainable and
chemically‐resistant
alternatives to Portland cement. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Graham
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Claudia V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Charini P. Maladeniya
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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20
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Peng X, Rahim A, Peng W, Jiang F, Gu Z, Wen S. Recent Progress in Cyclic Aryliodonium Chemistry: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1364-1416. [PMID: 36649301 PMCID: PMC9951228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent aryliodoumiums are intensively investigated as arylating agents. They are excellent surrogates to aryl halides, and moreover they exhibit better reactivity, which allows the corresponding arylation reactions to be performed under mild conditions. In the past decades, acyclic aryliodoniums are widely explored as arylation agents. However, the unmet need for acyclic aryliodoniums is the improvement of their notoriously low reaction economy because the coproduced aryl iodides during the arylation are often wasted. Cyclic aryliodoniums have their intrinsic advantage in terms of reaction economy, and they have started to receive considerable attention due to their valuable synthetic applications to initiate cascade reactions, which can enable the construction of complex structures, including polycycles with potential pharmaceutical and functional properties. Here, we are summarizing the recent advances made in the research field of cyclic aryliodoniums, including the nascent design of aryliodonium species and their synthetic applications. First, the general preparation of typical diphenyl iodoniums is described, followed by the construction of heterocyclic iodoniums and monoaryl iodoniums. Then, the initiated arylations coupled with subsequent domino reactions are summarized to construct polycycles. Meanwhile, the advances in cyclic aryliodoniums for building biaryls including axial atropisomers are discussed in a systematic manner. Finally, a very recent advance of cyclic aryliodoniums employed as halogen-bonding organocatalysts is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
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21
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Dodd LJ, Lima C, Costa-Milan D, Neale AR, Saunders B, Zhang B, Sarua A, Goodacre R, Hardwick LJ, Kuball M, Hasell T. Raman analysis of inverse vulcanised polymers. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01408d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Raman analysis has been found to provide otherwise hard to obtain information on inverse vulcanised polymers, including their homogeneity, sulfur rank, and unpolymerised sulfur content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Dodd
- University of Liverpool, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, Liverpool, L697ZD, Merseyside, UK
| | - Cássio Lima
- University of Liverpool, Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L697BE, Merseyside, UK
| | - David Costa-Milan
- University of Liverpool, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool, L697ZF, Merseyside, UK
| | - Alex R. Neale
- University of Liverpool, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool, L697ZF, Merseyside, UK
| | - Benedict Saunders
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Bowen Zhang
- University of Liverpool, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, Liverpool, L697ZD, Merseyside, UK
| | - Andrei Sarua
- University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS81TL, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- University of Liverpool, Centre for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L697BE, Merseyside, UK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- University of Liverpool, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool, L697ZF, Merseyside, UK
| | - Martin Kuball
- University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS81TL, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- University of Liverpool, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, Liverpool, L697ZD, Merseyside, UK
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22
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Nayeem A, Ali MF, Shariffuddin JH. The recent development of inverse vulcanized polysulfide as an alternative adsorbent for heavy metal removal in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114306. [PMID: 36191616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inverse vulcanized polysulfides have been used as low-cost and effective adsorbents to remediate heavy metals in wastewater. Inverse vulcanization introduces sustainable polysulfide synthesis by solving the rapid desulfurization problem of unstable polysulfides, and provides superior performance compared to conventional commercial adsorbents. The review discussed the brief applications of the inverse vulcanized polysulfides to remove heavy metal wastewater and emphasized the modified synthesis processes for enhanced uptake ratios. The characteristics of polysulfide adsorbents, which play a vital role during the removal process are highlighted with a proper discussion of the interaction between metal ions and polysulfides. The review paper concludes with remarks on the future outlook of these low-cost adsorbents with high selectivity to heavy metals. These polysulfide adsorbents can be prepared using a wide variety of crosslinker monomers including organic hydrocarbons, cooking oils, and agro-based waste materials. They have shown good surface area and excellent metal-binding capabilities compared to the commercially available adsorbents. Proper postmodification processes have enabled the benefits of repetitive uses of the polysulfide adsorbents. The improved surface area obtained by appropriate choice of crosslinkers, modified synthesis techniques, and regeneration through post-modification has made inverse vulcanized polysulfides capable of removing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Nayeem
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ali
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Jun Haslinda Shariffuddin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
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23
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Eldesouki M, Abo-Shanab ZL, El-Shafie M, Abo-Riya M, El-Kholy SA. Fabrication and evaluation of novel sulfur/epoxy resin composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent years, and with the progress of oil and natural gas purification processes, it has been noticed that huge quantities of sulfur are produced with millions of tons as byproducts, which is considered a dangerous substance that may threaten the safety and health of the environment. So, this study aims to maximize elemental sulfur benefits in construction applications, especially in the coating sector. In this study, sulfur has been modified to be used with epoxy as a high-performance coating material. Firstly, sulfur was modified with linseed oil at 160 °C. The modified sulfur was chemically characterized by using FTIR and XRD. After that, epoxy was then partially replaced by polymeric sulfur with different weight percentages starting from 10 to 40%. Then, the hardener was added to form cured sulfur/epoxy composites. Different techniques were used to examine the morphology of the prepared composites such as AFM, polarizing microscope, and SEM. The thermal study was also conducted by TGA. In addition, the mechanical properties were comprehensively studied including Young’s modulus, toughness, tensile strength, hardness, and adhesion. The results approved that Young’s modulus, toughness, tensile strength, hardness, and adhesion of the PC4 composite have been improved by 54%, 87%, 15%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. Moreover, the prepared composites give high thermal stability than virgin epoxy. The overall results approved that the epoxy can be partially replaced by modified sulfur with high weight ratios reached to 40%.
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24
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Jia J, Liu J, Wang ZQ, Liu T, Yan P, Gong XQ, Zhao C, Chen L, Miao C, Zhao W, Cai S, Wang XC, Cooper AI, Wu X, Hasell T, Quan ZJ. Photoinduced inverse vulcanization. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1249-1257. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Wang D, Tang Z, Huang R, Li H, Zhang C, Guo B. Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyan Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
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Mousavi M, Zhou T, Dong Z, Fini EH. Turning abundant waste sulfur to polymers for manufacturing: Exploiting role of organic crosslinkers and benign catalysts. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Mechanochemical synthesis of inverse vulcanized polymers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4824. [PMID: 35974005 PMCID: PMC9381570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse vulcanization, a sustainable platform, can transform sulfur, an industrial by-product, into polymers with broad promising applications such as heavy metal capture, electrochemistry and antimicrobials. However, the process usually requires high temperatures (≥159 °C), and the crosslinkers needed to stabilize the sulfur are therefore limited to high-boiling-point monomers only. Here, we report an alternative route for inverse vulcanization—mechanochemical synthesis, with advantages of mild conditions (room temperature), short reaction time (3 h), high atom economy, less H2S, and broader monomer range. Successful generation of polymers using crosslinkers ranging from aromatic, aliphatic to volatile, including renewable monomers, demonstrates this method is powerful and versatile. Compared with thermal synthesis, the mechanochemically synthesized products show enhanced mercury capture. The resulting polymers show thermal and light induced recycling. The speed, ease, versatility, safety, and green nature of this process offers a more potential future for inverse vulcanization, and enables further unexpected discoveries. Inverse vulcanization is a process that enables to convert sulfur, a by-product of the petroleum industry, into polymers. Here the authors report a synthetic method of inverse vulcanization via mechanochemical synthesis; compared to thermal routes, a broader range of monomers can be used, and the protocol yields materials with enhanced mercury capture capacity.
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Miao C, Yan P, Liu H, Cai S(D, Dodd LJ, Wang H, Deng X, Li J, Wang XC, Hu X, Wu X, Hasell T, Quan ZJ. Fabrication of TiN-Based Superhydrophobic Anti-Corrosion Coating by Inverse Vulcanization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | | | - Liam J. Dodd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Xi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Energy Materials Technology and Systems, Department of Physics and Energy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 40054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Zheng-Jun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Material, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
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29
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Bolloju S, Chang YL, Sharma SU, Hsu MF, Lee JT. Vulcanized polyisoprene-graft-maleic anhydride as an efficient binder for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Worthington MJH, Mann M, Muhti IY, Tikoalu AD, Gibson CT, Jia Z, Miller AD, Chalker JM. Modelling mercury sorption of a polysulfide coating made from sulfur and limonene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12363-12373. [PMID: 35552571 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polymer made from sulfur and limonene was used to coat silica gel and then evaluated as a mercury sorbent. A kinetic model of mercury uptake was established for a range of pH values and concentrations of sodium chloride. Mercury uptake was generally rapid from pH = 3 to pH = 11. At neutral pH, the sorbent (500 mg with a 10 : 1 ratio of silica to polymer) could remove 90% of mercury within one minute from a 100 mL solution containing 5 ppm HgCl2 and 99% over 5 minutes. It was found that sodium chloride, at concentrations comparable to seawater, dramatically reduced mercury uptake rates and capacity. It was also found that the spent sorbent was stable in acidic and neutral media, but degraded at pH 11 which led to mercury leaching. These results help define the conditions under which the sorbent could be used, which is an important advance for using this material in remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J H Worthington
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Maximilian Mann
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Ismi Yusrina Muhti
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Alfrets D Tikoalu
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Anthony D Miller
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. .,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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31
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Nayeem A, Ali MF, Shariffuddin JH. Polysulfide Synthesis Using Waste Cooking Palm Oil via Inverse Vulcanization. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Nayeem
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang College of Engineering 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ali
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia
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32
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Scheiger JM, Hoffmann M, Falkenstein P, Wang Z, Rutschmann M, Scheiger VW, Grimm A, Urbschat K, Sengpiel T, Matysik J, Wilhelm M, Levkin PA, Theato P. Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114896. [PMID: 35068039 PMCID: PMC9302686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The inverse vulcanization produces high sulfur content polymers from alkenes and elemental sulfur. Control over properties such as the molar mass or the solubility of polymers is not well established, and existing strategies lack predictability or require large variations of the composition. Systematic design principles are sought to allow for a targeted design of materials. Herein, we report on the inverse vulcanization of norbornenylsilanes (NBS), with a different number of hydrolysable groups at the silicon atom. Inverse vulcanization of mixtures of NBS followed by polycondensation yielded soluble high sulfur content copolymers (50 wt % S) with controllable weight average molar mass (MW ), polydispersity (Đ), glass transition temperature (TG ), or zero-shear viscosity (η0 ). Polycondensation was conducted in the melt with HCl as a catalyst, abolishing the need for a solvent. Purification by precipitation afforded polymers with a greatly reduced amount of low molar mass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Scheiger
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Maxi Hoffmann
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patricia Falkenstein
- Leipzig UniversityInstitute of Analytical ChemistryLinnéstrasse 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Zhenwu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Valentin W. Scheiger
- Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstrasse 8976133KarlsruheGermany
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Klara Urbschat
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Tobias Sengpiel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Leipzig UniversityInstitute of Analytical ChemistryLinnéstrasse 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676313Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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33
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Tavella C, Luciano G, Lova P, Patrini M, D'Arrigo C, Comoretto D, Stagnaro P. 2,5-Diisopropenylthiophene by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and its exploitation in inverse vulcanization: a case study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8924-8935. [PMID: 35424896 PMCID: PMC8985149 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00654e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel thiophene derivative, namely 2,5-diisopropenylthiophene (DIT) was synthetized by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (SMCCR). The influence of reaction parameters, such as temperature, solvent, stoichiometry of reagents, role of the base and reaction medium were thoroughly discussed in view of yield optimization and environmental impact minimization. Basic design of experiment (DoE) and multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling methods were used to interpret the obtained results. DIT was then employed as a comonomer in the copolymerization with waste elemental sulfur through a green process, inverse vulcanization (IV), to obtain sulfur-rich polymers named inverse vulcanized polymers (IVPs) possessing high refractive index (n ≈ 1.8). The DIT comonomer was purposely designed to (i) favor the IV process owing to the high reactivity of the isopropenyl functionalities and (ii) enhance the refractive index of the ensuing IVPs owing to the presence of the sulfur atom itself and to the high electronic polarizability of the π-conjugated thiophene ring. A series of random sulfur-r-diisopropenylthiophene (S-r-DIT) copolymers with sulfur content from 50 up to 90 wt% were synthesized by varying the S/DIT feed ratio. Spectroscopic, thermal and optical characterizations of the new IVPs were carried out to assess their main chemical-physical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tavella
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC-CNR Via De Marini 6 16149 Genova Italy
| | - Giorgio Luciano
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC-CNR Via De Marini 6 16149 Genova Italy
| | - Paola Lova
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, DCCI-UNIGE Via Dodecaneso 31 16132 Genova Italy
| | - Maddalena Patrini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia Via A. Bassi 6 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Cristina D'Arrigo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC-CNR Via De Marini 6 16149 Genova Italy
| | - Davide Comoretto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, DCCI-UNIGE Via Dodecaneso 31 16132 Genova Italy
| | - Paola Stagnaro
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SCITEC-CNR Via De Marini 6 16149 Genova Italy
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34
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Park KW, Zujovic Z, Leitao EM. Synthesis and Characterization of Disiloxane Cross-Linked Polysulfides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Park
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Zoran Zujovic
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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35
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Yamagishi Y, Kobayashi Y, Horiguchi A, Kitano D, Yamaguchi H. Supramolecular Polysulfide Polymers with Metal‐Ligand Interactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamagishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Horiguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Daiki Kitano
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ISC-OTRI) Osaka University Suita Osaka 567-0871 Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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36
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Scheiger JM, Hoffmann M, Falkenstein P, Wang Z, Rutschmann M, Scheiger VW, Grimm A, Urbschat K, Sengpiel T, Matysik J, Wilhelm M, Levkin PA, Theato P. Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Martin Scheiger
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen GERMANY
| | - Maxi Hoffmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Zhenwu Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems GERMANY
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Valentin W. Scheiger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods GERMANY
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Klara Urbschat
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Tobias Sengpiel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems GERMANY
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Präparative Makromolekulare Chemie Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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37
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Zhang L, Hu Y, Hu R, Tang BZ. Room temperature synthesis of polythioamides from multicomponent polymerization of sulfur, pyridine-activated alkyne, and amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1994-1997. [PMID: 35048085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06448g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Through the design of a pyridine-activated diyne monomer, the catalyst-free multicomponent polymerizations of sulfur, aromatic alkyne, and a group of commercially available primary and secondary diamines were realized at room temperature or 40 °C, affording functional polythioamides with well-defined structures, high yields (up to 98%), high molecular weights (95 100 g mol-1), improved mercury removal performance, and interesting photophysical and photochemical properties. This work not only demonstrated an advance in efficient and economic synthesis of polythioamides, but also revealed the structure-property relationship of these promising sulfur-containing polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Shenzhen City 518172, China. .,AIE Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China
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38
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Park S, Chung M, Lamprou A, Seidel K, Song S, Schade C, Lim J, Char K. High strength, epoxy cross-linked high sulfur content polymers from one-step reactive compatibilization inverse vulcanization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:566-572. [PMID: 35126988 PMCID: PMC8729804 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05896g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse vulcanization provides a simple, solvent-free method for the preparation of high sulfur content polymers using elemental sulfur, a byproduct of refining processes, as feedstock. Despite the successful demonstration of sulfur polymers from inverse vulcanization in optical, electrochemical, and self-healing applications, the mechanical properties of these materials have remained limited. We herein report a one-step inverse vulcanization using allyl glycidyl ether, a heterobifunctional comonomer. The copolymerization, which proceeds via reactive compatibilization, gives an epoxy cross-linked sulfur polymer in a single step, as demonstrated through isothermal kinetic experiments and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The resulting high sulfur content (≥50 wt%) polymers exhibited tensile strength at break in the range of 10-60 MPa (70-50 wt% sulfur), which represents an unprecedentedly high strength for high sulfur content polymers from vulcanization. The resulting high sulfur content copolymer also exhibited extraordinary shape memory behavior along with shape reprogrammability attributed to facile polysulfide bond rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Chung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandros Lamprou
- Functional Polymers Global Research, Innovation Campus Asia Pacific, BASF 200137 Shanghai China
| | - Karsten Seidel
- Material Physics, Analytics & Formulation Research, BASF SE 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Schade
- Functional Polymers Global Research, BASF SE 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Lopez CV, Smith AD, Smith RC. High strength composites from low-value animal coproducts and industrial waste sulfur. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1535-1542. [PMID: 35425172 PMCID: PMC8978816 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06264f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report high strength composites prepared by reaction of sulfur, plant oils (either canola oil or sunflower oil) and brown grease. Brown grease is a high-volume, low value animal fat rendering coproduct that represents one of the most underutilized products of agricultural animal processing. Chemically, brown grease is primarily comprised of triglycerides and fatty acids. The inverse vulcanization of the unsaturated units in triglycerides/fatty acids upon their reaction with sulfur yields CanBG x or SunBG x (x = wt% sulfur, varied from 85-90%). These composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), mechanical test stand analysis, elemental analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. CanBG x and SunBG x composites exhibit impressive compressive strengths (28.7-35.9 MPa) when compared to other materials such as Portland cement, for which a compressive strength of ≥17 MPa is required for residential building. Stress-strain analysis revealed high flexural strengths of 6.5-8.5 MPa for CanBG x and SunBG x composites as well, again exceeding the range of ∼2-5 MPa for ordinary Portland cements. The thermal properties of the composites were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, revealing decomposition temperatures ranging from 223-226 °C, and by differential scanning calorimetry. These composites represent a promising new application for low value animal coproducts having limited value to be used as organic crosslinkers in the atom-efficient inverse vulcanization process to yield high sulfur-content materials that have impressive mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Ashlyn D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Rhett C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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40
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Davis AE, Sayer KB, Jenkins CL. A comparison of adhesive polysulfides initiated by garlic essential oil and elemental sulfur to create recyclable adhesives. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur and garlic essential oil can initiate polymerization with a variety of natural monomers to form sustainable adhesives. The sulfur source has a substantial impact on the adhesion strength and material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Kyler B. Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Courtney L. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
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41
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Wang D, Tang Z, Wang Z, Zhang L, Guo B. A bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised polysulfide as a crosslinker. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised sulfur-polymer (SP) as a crosslinker for the bio-based polyester elastomer (BPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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42
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Berk H, Kaya M, Cihaner A. Thermally highly stable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-sulfur based hybrid inorganic/organic polymers: synthesis, characterization and removal of mercury ion. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur was copolymerized with octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OV-POSS) cages in diglyme solution via the inverse vulcanization method and characterized using NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Berk
- Atilim Optoelectronic Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory (ATOMSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Cihaner
- Atilim Optoelectronic Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory (ATOMSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Atilim University, TR-06830 Ankara, Turkey
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43
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Mann M, Zhang B, Tonkin SJ, Gibson CT, Jia Z, Hasell T, Chalker JM. Processes for coating surfaces with a copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene was useful as a mercury sorbent, and also as a protective and repairable coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mann
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samuel J. Tonkin
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Christopher T. Gibson
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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44
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Silvano S, Tritto I, Losio S, boggioni L. Sulfur-Dipentene polysulfides: from industrial waste to sustainable, low-cost materials. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of poly(S-dipentene) with a sulfur content greater than 50 wt % by catalytic inverse vulcanization in the presence of zinc-based accelerators was investigated at 140 °C for the...
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45
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Hanna V, Yan P, Petcher S, Hasell T. Incorporation of fillers to modify the mechanical performance of inverse vulcanised polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inverse vulcanisation stabilises polymeric sulfur to synthesise high sulfur content polymers. Inverse vulcanised polymers were reinforced with carbon black, cellulose microfibres and nanoclay to increase tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Peiyao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Samuel Petcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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46
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Dong F, Peng C, Xu H, Zheng Y, Yao H, Yang J, Zheng S. Lithiated Sulfur-Incorporated, Polymeric Cathode for Durable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Promoted Redox Kinetics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20287-20299. [PMID: 34817165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have made much progress in terms of the delivered specific capacity and cycling stability by the encapsulation of sulfur within conductive carbon matrixes or polar materials, challenges such as low active sulfur utilization and unacceptable Coulombic efficiency are still hindering their commercial use. Herein, a lithium-rich conjugated sulfur-incorporated, polymeric material based on poly(Li2S6-r-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (DIB) is developed as a cathode material for high rate and stable Li-S batteries. Motivated by extra Li+ ions affording fast Li+ redox kinetics across the conjugated aromatic backbones, the Li-rich sulfur-based copolymer exhibits high delivery capacities (934 mAh g-1 at 120 cycles), impressive rate capabilities (727 mAh g-1 even under a current of 2 A g-1), and long electrochemical cycling performance over 500 cycles. Moreover, by use of the elastic nature and thermoplastic properties of the sulfur-incorporated, polymeric material, a prototype of a flexible Li-S pouch cell is constructed by using a poly(Li2S6-r-DIB) copolymer cathode and paired with the flexible carbon cloth/Si/Li anode, which exhibits stable electrochemical performance (658 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles) and operational capability even under folding at various angle (30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°). This work extends the molecular-design approach to obtaining a high-performance organosulfur cathode material by introducing extra Li+ ions to promote redox kinetics, which provides valuable guidance for the development of high-performance Li-S batteries for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chengxin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongyi Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongfei Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Junhe Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shiyou Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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47
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Lee T, Dirlam PT, Njardarson JT, Glass RS, Pyun J. Polymerizations with Elemental Sulfur: From Petroleum Refining to Polymeric Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:5-22. [PMID: 34936350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The production of elemental sulfur from petroleum refining has created a technological opportunity to increase the valorization of elemental sulfur by the synthesis of high-performance sulfur-based plastics with improved optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties aimed at applications in thermal imaging, energy storage, self-healable materials, and separation science. In this Perspective, we discuss efforts in the past decade that have revived this area of organosulfur and polymer chemistry to afford a new class of high-sulfur-content polymers prepared from the polymerization of liquid sulfur with unsaturated monomers, termed inverse vulcanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip T Dirlam
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San Jose, California 95195-0101, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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48
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Dop RA, Neill DR, Hasell T. Antibacterial Activity of Inverse Vulcanized Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5223-5233. [PMID: 34784205 PMCID: PMC7614836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inverse vulcanization is a bulk polymerization method for synthesizing high sulfur content polymers from elemental sulfur, a byproduct of the petrochemical industry, with vinylic comonomers. There is growing interest in polysulfides as novel antimicrobial agents due to the antimicrobial activity of natural polysulfides found in garlic and onions (Tsao et al. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2001, 47, 665-670). Herein, we report the antibacterial properties of several inverse vulcanized polymers against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two common causes of nosocomial infection and pathogens identified by the World Health Organization as priorities for antimicrobial development. High sulfur content polymers were synthesized with different divinyl comonomers and at different sulfur/comonomer ratios, to determine the effect of such variables on the antibacterial properties of the resulting materials. Furthermore, polymers were tested for their potential as antibacterial materials at different temperatures. It was found that the test temperature influenced the antibacterial efficacy of the polymers and could be related to the glass transition temperature of the polymer. These findings provide further understanding of the antibacterial properties of inverse vulcanized polymers and show that such polymers have the potential to be used as antibacterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy A Dop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Neill
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hasell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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49
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Lintner M, Lintner B, Wanek W, Keul N, von der Kammer F, Hofmann T, Heinz P. Effects of heavy elements (Pb, Cu, Zn) on algal food uptake by Elphidium excavatum (Foraminifera). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08427. [PMID: 34849422 PMCID: PMC8608858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraminifera are unicellular organisms and play a pivotal role in the marine material cycles. Past observations have shown that the species Elphidium excavatum is the most common foraminifera in the Baltic Sea. Feeding experiments showed that the food uptake and thus the turnover of organic matter are influenced by changes of physical parameters (e.g., temperature, salinity). Since many areas of the Baltic Sea are strongly affected by anthropogenic activity and are strongly contaminated by heavy elements from shipping in the past, this study examined the effect of heavy elements pollution on the food uptake of the most common foraminiferal species of the Baltic Sea, E. excavatum which was a subject of several previous studies. Therefore, Baltic Sea seawater was enriched with metals at various levels above normal seawater levels and the uptake of 13C- and 15N-labelled phytodetritus was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. For each combination of metal type, concentration and time point 20 individuals of E. excavatum (three replicates) were fed with the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta. The effect of dose parameters was measured in a two-way analysis of variance. Significant differences of food uptake were observable at different types and levels of heavy elements in sea water. Even a 557-fold increase in the Pb concentration did not affect food uptake, whereas strong negative effects were found for higher levels of Zn (144 and 1044-fold) and especially for Cu (5.6 and 24.3-fold). In summary it can be stated, that an increase in the heavy elements pollution in the Kiel Fjord will lead to a significant reduction in the turnover of organic matter by foraminifera such as E. excavatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lintner
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bianca Lintner
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Keul
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Department of Marine Climate Research, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- University of Vienna, Department of Environmental Geosciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heinz
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Kang K, Phan A, Olikagu C, Lee T, Loy DA, Kwon M, Paik H, Hong SJ, Bang J, Parker WO, Sciarra M, Angelis AR, Pyun J. Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Anthony Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Douglas A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Hyun‐jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Wallace O. Parker
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Monia Sciarra
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Alberto R. Angelis
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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