1
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Greenbaum G, Doheny PW, Paraoan RAI, Kholina Y, Michalik S, Cassidy SJ, Yeung HHM, Goodwin AL. In Situ Observation of Topotactic Linker Reorganization in the Aperiodic Metal-Organic Framework TRUMOF-1. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27262-27266. [PMID: 39325965 PMCID: PMC11467960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
We use in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements to monitor the solvothermal crystallization mechanism of the aperiodic metal-organic framework TRUMOF-1. Following an initial incubation period, TRUMOF-1 forms as a metastable intermediate that subsequently transforms into an ordered product with triclinic crystal symmetry. We determine the structure of this ordered phase, which we call msw-TRUMOF-1, and show that it is related to TRUMOF-1 through topotactic reorganization of linker occupancies. Our results imply that the connectivity of TRUMOF-1 can be reorganized, as required for data storage and manipulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Greenbaum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Patrick W. Doheny
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Robert A. I. Paraoan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | | | - Stefan Michalik
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Cassidy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | | | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
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2
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Zhang C, Si WD, Wang Z, Dinesh A, Gao ZY, Tung CH, Sun D. Solvent-Mediated Hetero/Homo-Phase Crystallization of Copper Nanoclusters and Superatomic Kernel-Related NIR Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10767-10775. [PMID: 38591723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise superatomic copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have been the subject of immense interest for their intriguing structures and diverse properties; nonetheless, the variable oxidation state of copper ions and complex solvation effects in wet synthesis systems pose significant challenges for comprehending their synthesis and crystallization mechanism. Herein, we present a solvent-mediated approach for the synthesis of two Cu NCs, namely, superatomic Cu26 and pure-Cu(I) Cu16. They initially formed as a hetero-phase and then separated as a homo-phase via modulating binary solvent composition. In situ UV/vis absorption and electrospray ionization mass spectra revealed that the solvent-mediated assembly was determined to be the underlying mechanism of hetero/homo-phase crystallization. Cu26 is a 2-electron superatom with a kernel-shell structure that includes a [Cu20Se12]4- shell and [Cu6]4+ kernel, containing two 1S jellium electrons. Conversely, Cu16 is a pure-Cu(I) Cu/Se nanocluster that features a [Cu16Se6]4+ core protected by extra dimercaptomaleonitrile ligands. Remarkably, Cu26 exhibits unique near-infrared phosphorescence (NIR PH) at 933 nm due to the presence of a superatomic kernel-related charge transfer state (3MM(Cu)CT). Overall, this work not only showcases the hetero/homo-phase crystallization of Cu NCs driven by a solvent-mediated assembly mechanism but also enables the rare occurrence of NIR PH within the 2-electron copper superatom family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Acharya Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lu W, Zhang E, Qian J, Weeraratna C, Jackson MN, Zhu C, Long JR, Ahmed M. Probing growth of metal-organic frameworks with X-ray scattering and vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26102-26110. [PMID: 36274571 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04375k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleation and crystallization arising from liquid to solid phase are involved in a multitude of processes in fields ranging from materials science to biology. Controlling the thermodynamics and kinetics of growth is advantageous to help tune the formation of complex morphologies. Here, we harness wide-angle X-ray scattering and vibrational spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism for crystallization and growth of the metal-organic framework Co-MOF-74 within microscopic volumes enclosed in a capillary and an attenuated total reflection microchip reactor. The experiments reveal molecular and structural details of the growth processes, while the results of plane wave density functional calculations allow identification of lattice and linker modes in the formed crystals. Synthesis of the metal-organic framework with microscopic volumes leads to monodisperse and micron-sized crystals, in contrast to those typically observed under bulk reaction conditions. Reduction in the volume of reagents within the microchip reactor was found to accelerate the reaction rate. The coupling of spectroscopy with scattering to probe reactions in microscopic volumes promises to be a useful tool in the synthetic chemist's kit to understand chemical bonding and has potential in designing complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Emily Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jin Qian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Chaya Weeraratna
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Megan N Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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4
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Du Bois DR, Wright KR, Bellas MK, Wiesner N, Matzger AJ. Linker Deprotonation and Structural Evolution on the Pathway to MOF-74. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4550-4554. [PMID: 35254060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of MOF-74 (MOF = metal-organic framework) proceeds first through the generation of chemically and topologically distinct materials, referred to as phases, displaying exclusively carboxylate coordination, followed by further deprotonation to enable oxo coordination and MOF-74 formation. The synthesis of Mg-MOF-74 at high concentrations of linker and metal enables the stabilization and characterization of the previously unobserved, exclusively carboxylate coordinating phases. Ex situ and in situ approaches are leveraged to provide the time-resolved observation of Mg-MOF-74 synthesis and the formation of phases that precede Mg-MOF-74 formation as well as metastable phase dissolution. These data support dissolution and redeposition as the mechanism of MOF-74 formation and provide insight into the formation mechanism of MOFs with multiple linker coordination types.
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5
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Fonseca de Lima J, Moreno FVS, Menezes BAT, da Silva Barbosa J, Waddington MC, Franklin SA, Clarkson GJ, Walker M, Serra OA, Walton RI. Investigation of the preparation and reactivity of metal-organic frameworks of cerium and pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:145-155. [PMID: 34870659 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of three coordination polymers of cerium(III) and the ligand pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylate (PTC) is reported. Two of the materials crystallise under hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C, with [Ce(PTC)(H2O)2]·1.5H2O, (1), being formed on extended periods of reaction time, 3 days or longer, and Ce(PTC)(H2O)3, (2), crystallising after 1 day. Both phases contain Ce(III) but are prepared using the Ce(IV) salt Ce(SO4)2·4H2O as reagent. Under solvothermal conditions (mixed water-N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)), the phase [Ce(PTC)(H2O)(DMF)]·H2O (3) is crystallised. The structures of the three materials are resolved by single crystal X-ray diffraction, with the phase purity of the samples determined by powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. (1) is constructed from helical chains cross-linked by the PTC linkers to give a three-dimensional structure that contains clusters of water molecules in channels that are hydrogen-bonded to each other and to additional waters that are coordinated to cerium. (2) also contains nine-coordinate cerium but these are linked to give a dense framework, in which water is directly coordinated to cerium. (3) contains corner-shared nine-coordinate cerium centres, linked to give a framework in which Ce-coordinated DMF fills space. Upon heating the material (1) in air all water is irreversibly lost to give a poorly crystalline anhydrous phase Ce(PTC), as deduced from X-ray thermodiffractometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The material (1), however, is hydrothermally stable, and is also stable under oxidising conditions, where immersion in 30% H2O2 gives no loss in crystallinity. Oxidation of around 50% of surface Ce to the +4 oxidation state is thus possible, as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which is accompanied by a colour change from yellow to orange. Photocatalytic activity of (1) is screened and the material shows effective degradation of methyl orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fonseca de Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V S Moreno
- Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno A T Menezes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jader da Silva Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Siân A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Osvaldo A Serra
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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6
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Zhao H, Huang J, Zhang PP, Zhang JJ, Fang WJ, Song XD, Liu S, Duan C. The role of thermodynamically stable configuration in enhancing crystallographic diffraction quality of flexible MOFs. iScience 2021; 24:103398. [PMID: 34841232 PMCID: PMC8605418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) is a widely used method for structural characterization. Generally, low temperature is of great significance for improving the crystallographic diffraction quality. Herein we observe that this practice is not always effective for flexible metal-organic frameworks (f-MOFs). An abnormal crystallography, that is, more diffraction spots at a high angle and better resolution of diffraction data as the temperature increases in the f-MOF (1-g), is observed. XRD results reveal that 1-g has a reversible anisotropic thermal expansion behavior with a record-high c-axial positive expansion coefficient of 1,401.8 × 10-6 K-1. Calculation results indicate that the framework of 1-g has a more stable thermodynamic configuration as the temperature increases. Such configuration has lower-frequency vibration and may play a key role in promoting higher Bragg diffraction quality at room temperature. This work is of great significance for how to obtain high-quality SCXRD diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wang-Jian Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xue-Dan Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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7
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Abstract
Many of the proposed applications of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials may fail to materialize if the community does not fully address the difficult fundamental work needed to map out the 'time gap' in the literature - that is, the lack of investigation into the time-dependent behaviours of MOFs as opposed to equilibrium or steady-state properties. Although there are a range of excellent investigations into MOF dynamics and time-dependent phenomena, these works represent only a tiny fraction of the vast number of MOF studies. This Review provides an overview of current research into the temporal evolution of MOF structures and properties by analysing the time-resolved experimental techniques that can be used to monitor such behaviours. We focus on innovative techniques, while also discussing older methods often used in other chemical systems. Four areas are examined: MOF formation, guest motion, electron motion and framework motion. In each area, we highlight the disparity between the relatively small amount of (published) research on key time-dependent phenomena and the enormous scope for acquiring the wider and deeper understanding that is essential for the future of the field.
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8
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Kitamura Y, Terado E, Zhang Z, Yoshikawa H, Inose T, Uji-I H, Tanimizu M, Inokuchi A, Kamakura Y, Tanaka D. Failure-Experiment-Supported Optimization of Poorly Reproducible Synthetic Conditions for Novel Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Two-Dimensional Secondary Building Units*. Chemistry 2021; 27:16347-16353. [PMID: 34623003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel metal-organic frameworks containing lanthanide double-layer-based secondary building units (KGF-3) were synthesized by using machine learning (ML). Isolating pure KGF-3 was challenging, and the synthesis was not reproducible because impurity phases were frequently obtained under the same synthetic conditions. Thus, dominant factors for the synthesis of KGF-3 were identified, and its synthetic conditions were optimized by using two ML techniques. Cluster analysis was used to classify the obtained powder X-ray diffractometry patterns of the products and thus automatically determine whether the experiments were successful. Decision-tree analysis was used to visualize the experimental results, after extracting factors that mainly affected the synthetic reproducibility. Water-adsorption isotherms revealed that KGF-3 possesses unique hydrophilic pores. Impedance measurements demonstrated good proton conductivities (σ=5.2×10-4 S cm-1 for KGF-3(Y)) at a high temperature (363 K) and relative humidity of 95 % RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Emi Terado
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Zechen Zhang
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inose
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University North 20 West 10, Kita Ward Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University North 20 West 10, Kita Ward Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Masaharu Tanimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inokuchi
- Department of Informatics School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kamakura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan.,JST PRESTO, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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9
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He B, Macreadie LK, Gardiner J, Telfer SG, Hill MR. In Situ Investigation of Multicomponent MOF Crystallization during Rapid Continuous Flow Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54284-54293. [PMID: 34739210 PMCID: PMC8822483 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Access to the potential applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) depends on rapid fabrication. While there have been advances in the large-scale production of single-component MOFs, rapid synthesis of multicomponent MOFs presents greater challenges. Multicomponent systems subjected to rapid synthesis conditions have the opportunity to form separate kinetic phases that are each built up using just one linker. We sought to investigate whether continuous flow chemistry could be adapted to the rapid formation of multicomponent MOFs, exploring the UMCM-1 and MUF-77 series. Surprisingly, phase pure, highly crystalline multicomponent materials emerge under these conditions. To explore this, in situ WAXS was undertaken to gain an understanding of the formation mechanisms at play during flow synthesis. Key differences were found between the ternary UMCM-1 and the quaternary MUF-7, and key details about how the MOFs form were then uncovered. Counterintuitively, despite consisting of just two ligands UMCM-1 proceeds via MOF-5, whereas MUF-7 consists of three ligands but is generated directly from the reaction mixture. By taking advantage of the scalable high-quality materials produced, C6 separations were achieved in breakthrough settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon He
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- CSIRO
Private Bag 10, Clayton
South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Lauren K. Macreadie
- School
of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute of Fundamental
Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James Gardiner
- CSIRO
Private Bag 10, Clayton
South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Shane G. Telfer
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute of Fundamental
Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R. Hill
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- CSIRO
Private Bag 10, Clayton
South, VIC 3169, Australia
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10
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Tay HM, Kyratzis N, Thoonen S, Boer SA, Turner DR, Hua C. Synthetic strategies towards chiral coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Shearan SJI, Jacobsen J, Costantino F, D'Amato R, Novikov D, Stock N, Andreoli E, Taddei M. In Situ X-ray Diffraction Investigation of the Crystallisation of Perfluorinated Ce IV -Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 and MIL-140 Architectures*. Chemistry 2021; 27:6579-6592. [PMID: 33480453 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on the results of an in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the crystallisation in aqueous medium of two recently discovered perfluorinated CeIV -based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), analogues of the already well investigated ZrIV -based UiO-66 and MIL-140A, namely, F4_UiO-66(Ce) and F4_MIL-140A(Ce). The two MOFs were originally obtained in pure form in similar conditions, using ammonium cerium nitrate and tetrafluoroterephthalic acid as reagents, and small variations of the reaction parameters were found to yield mixed phases. Here, we investigate the crystallisation of these compounds, varying parameters such as temperature, amount of the protonation modulator nitric acid and amount of the coordination modulator acetic acid. When only HNO3 is present in the reaction environment, only F4_MIL-140A(Ce) is obtained. Heating preferentially accelerates nucleation, which becomes rate determining below 57 °C. Upon addition of AcOH to the system, alongside HNO3 , mixed-phased products are obtained. F4_UiO-66(Ce) is always formed faster, and no interconversion between the two phases occurs. In the case of F4_UiO-66(Ce), crystal growth is always the rate-determining step. A higher amount of HNO3 favours the formation of F4_MIL-140A(Ce), whereas increasing the amount of AcOH favours the formation of F4_UiO-66(Ce). Based on the in situ results, a new optimised route to achieving a pure, high-quality F4_MIL-140A(Ce) phase in mild conditions (60 °C, 1 h) is also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J I Shearan
- Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Jannick Jacobsen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Costantino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dmitri Novikov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Enrico Andreoli
- Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Marco Taddei
- Energy Safety Research Institute, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Tanaka Y, Kitamura Y, Kawano R, Shoji K, Hiratani M, Honma T, Takaya H, Yoshikawa H, Tsuruoka T, Tanaka D. Competing Roles of Two Kinds of Ligand during Nonclassical Crystallization of Pillared-Layer Metal-Organic Frameworks Elucidated Using Microfluidic Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:8889-8896. [PMID: 32643834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To diversify metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), multi-component MOFs constructed from more than two kinds of bridging ligand have been actively investigated due to the high degree of design freedom afforded by the combination of multiple ligands. Predicting the synthesis conditions for such MOFs requires an understanding of the crystallization mechanism, which has so far remained elusive. In this context, microflow systems are efficient tools for capturing non-equilibrium states as they facilitate precise and efficient mixing with reaction times that correspond to the distance from the mixing point, thus enabling reliable control of non-equilibrium crystallization processes. Herein, we prepared coordination polymers with pillared-layer structures and observed the intermediates in the syntheses with an in-situ measurement system that combines microflow reaction with UV/Vis and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopies, thereby enabling their rapid nucleation to be monitored. Based on the results, a three-step nonclassical nucleation mechanism involving two kinds of intermediate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yu Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kan Shoji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Moe Hiratani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Honma
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji-shi, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Department of Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuruoka
- FIRST (Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology), Konan University, 7-1-20, Minatojimaminami-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 2-1, Gakuen, Sanda-shi, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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13
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Shen D, Cooper JA, Li P, Guo QH, Cai K, Wang X, Wu H, Chen H, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Qiu Y, Stern CL, Liu Z, Sue ACH, Yang YW, Alsubaie FM, Farha OK, Stoddart JF. Organic Counteranion Co-assembly Strategy for the Formation of γ-Cyclodextrin-Containing Hybrid Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2042-2050. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James A. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Andrew C.-H. Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Xu H, Sommer S, Broge NLN, Gao J, Iversen BB. The Chemistry of Nucleation: In Situ Pair Distribution Function Analysis of Secondary Building Units During UiO-66 MOF Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:2051-2058. [PMID: 30480850 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The concept of secondary building units (SBUs) is central to all science on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and they are widely used to design new MOF materials. However, the presence of SBUs during MOF formation remains controversial, and the formation mechanism of MOFs remains unclear, due to limited information about the evolution of prenucleation cluster structures. Here in situ pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was used to probe UiO-66 formation under solvothermal conditions. The expected SBU-a hexanuclear zirconium cluster-is present in the metal salt precursor solution. Addition of organic ligands results in a disordered structure with correlations up to 23 Å, resembling crystalline UiO-66. Heating leads to fast cluster aggregation, and further growth and ordering results in the crystalline product. Thus, SBUs are present already at room temperature and act as building blocks for MOF formation. The proposed formation steps provide insight for further development of MOF synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Sanna Sommer
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils Lau Nyborg Broge
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junkuo Gao
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Yeung HH, Sapnik AF, Massingberd‐Mundy F, Gaultois MW, Wu Y, Fraser DAX, Henke S, Pallach R, Heidenreich N, Magdysyuk OV, Vo NT, Goodwin AL. Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:566-571. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish H.‐M. Yeung
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Michael W. Gaultois
- Leverhulme Research Center for Functional Material DesignThe Materials Innovation FactoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganischen ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany
| | | | - Nghia T. Vo
- Beamline I12—JEEPDiamond Light Source Ltd. Harwell Campus Didcot UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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16
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Canossa S, Fornasari L, Demitri N, Mattarozzi M, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Pelagatti P, Bacchi A. MOF transmetalation beyond cation substitution: defective distortion of IRMOF-9 in the spotlight. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn-to-Co transmetalation of IRMOF-9 introduces major structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Fornasari
- Dipartimento SCVSA
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- Parma
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Bacchi
- Dipartimento SCVSA
- Università degli Studi di Parma
- Parma
- Italy
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17
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Yeung HH, Sapnik AF, Massingberd‐Mundy F, Gaultois MW, Wu Y, Fraser DAX, Henke S, Pallach R, Heidenreich N, Magdysyuk OV, Vo NT, Goodwin AL. Control of Metal–Organic Framework Crystallization by Metastable Intermediate Pre‐equilibrium Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish H.‐M. Yeung
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Adam F. Sapnik
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Michael W. Gaultois
- Leverhulme Research Center for Functional Material DesignThe Materials Innovation FactoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringNational University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Roman Pallach
- Technische Universität DortmundAnorganische Chemie Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganischen ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Germany
| | | | - Nghia T. Vo
- Beamline I12—JEEPDiamond Light Source Ltd. Harwell Campus Didcot UK
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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18
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Lee S, Bürgi HB, Alshmimri SA, Yaghi OM. Impact of Disordered Guest–Framework Interactions on the Crystallography of Metal–Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8958-8964. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley; and Berkeley
Global Science Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hans-Beat Bürgi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley; and Berkeley
Global Science Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Cheetham AK, Kieslich G, Yeung HHM. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects in the Crystallization of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:659-667. [PMID: 29451770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been one of the most exciting aspects of materials chemistry over the last 20 years. In this Account, we discuss the development during this period in our understanding of the factors that control the crystallization of MOFs from solution. Both classical porous MOFs and dense MOF phases are considered. This is an opportune time at which to examine this complex area because the experimental tools now available to interrogate crystallization processes have matured significantly in the last 5 years, particularly with the use of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. There have also been impressive developments in the use of density functional theory (DFT) to treat not only the energies of very complex structures but also their entropies. This is particularly important in MOF frameworks because of their much greater flexibility compared with inorganic structures such as zeolites. The first section of the Account describes how early empirical observations on the crystallization of dense MOFs pointed to a strong degree of thermodynamic control, with both enthalpic and entropic factors playing important roles. For example, reactions at higher temperatures tend to lead to denser structures with higher degrees of framework connectivity and lower levels of solvation, and polymorphs tend to form according to their thermodynamic stabilities. In the case of metal tartrates, these trends have been validated by calorimetric studies. It has been clear for more than a decade, however, that certain phases crystallize under kinetic control, especially when a change in conformation of the ligand or coordination around a metal center might be necessary to form the thermodynamically preferred product. We describe how this can lead to time-dependent crystallization processes that evolve according to the Ostwald rule of stages and can be observed by in situ methods. We then consider the crystallization of porous MOFs, which presents additional challenges because of solvation effects. In spite of these problems, much has been learned about the energetics of the underlying frameworks, where the relationship between porosity and stability initially seemed to mirror the behavior of zeolites, with more porous structures being less stable. Recently, however, this simple relationship has had to be reconsidered with the emergence of some very flexible structures wherein the open structures are more stable than their denser analogues at finite temperatures because of their large vibrational entropies. In the final section we describe how the concepts developed in the MOF work have been extended into the closely related area of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. We describe recent studies on polymorphism in hybrid perovskites, which is amenable to total free energy calculations using a combination of DFT and lattice dynamics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - G. Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. H.-M. Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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20
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Van Vleet MJ, Weng T, Li X, Schmidt J. In Situ, Time-Resolved, and Mechanistic Studies of Metal–Organic Framework Nucleation and Growth. Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Van Vleet
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J.R. Schmidt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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21
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Reinsch H, Stock N. Synthesis of MOFs: a personal view on rationalisation, application and exploration. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:8339-8349. [PMID: 28608895 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective highlights some studies and insights in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in a brief and comprehensive manner. The understanding of the synthesis procedures investigated by in and ex situ methods is of special interest since knowledge on the nucleation and crystallisation mechanism will ideally lead to an improved control over product formation. The prospective developments associated with the manufacturing of such materials (or devices consisting thereof) are discussed as well. A major challenge is the adjustment of the synthesis conditions to yield quantities suitable for real life applications. Last but not least, vast opportunities are yet to be explored involving the synthesis of both known and novel compounds. Thus the crucial points involving the synthesis of MOFs summarized in this perspective are rationalisation, application and exploration. For each subtopic we have also attempted to anticipate future challenges and developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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22
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Reinsch H, Homburg T, Heidenreich N, Fröhlich D, Hennninger S, Wark M, Stock N. Green Synthesis of a New Al-MOF Based on the Aliphatic Linker Mesaconic Acid: Structure, Properties and In Situ Crystallisation Studies of Al-MIL-68-Mes. Chemistry 2018; 24:2173-2181. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; CAU Kiel; Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
- MOF Apps AS; c/o Smidig Regnskapsservice ANS, P. Box 24 Tåsen; 0801 Oslo Norway
| | - Thomas Homburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; CAU Kiel; Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; CAU Kiel; Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Dominik Fröhlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE; Heidenhofstrasse 2 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Hennninger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE; Heidenhofstrasse 2 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; CAU Kiel; Max-Eyth-Straße 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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23
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Heidenreich N, Lieb A, Stock N, Reinsch H. Green synthesis of a new layered aluminium citraconate: crystal structures, intercalation behaviour towards H2O and in situ PXRD studies of its crystallisation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:215-223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04221c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new aluminium citraconate CAU-15-Cit shows reversible de-/rehydration and its synthesis was followed by in situ PXRD using synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Heidenreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY)
| | - Alexandra Lieb
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
- Institut für Chemie
- Universitätsplatz 2
- Magdeburg
- Germany
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel
- 24118 Kiel
- Germany
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24
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Roztocki K, Lupa M, Hodorowicz M, Senkovska I, Kaskel S, Matoga D. Bulky substituent and solvent-induced alternative nodes for layered Cd–isophthalate/acylhydrazone frameworks. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of three layered cadmium–organic frameworks containing acylhydrazone and (un)substituted isophthalates have been prepared and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornel Roztocki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Magdalena Lupa
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
| | | | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
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25
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Oh SJ, Lim SJ, You TS, Ok KM. From a Metastable Layer to a Stable Ring: A Kinetic Study for Transformation Reactions of Li2
Mo3
TeO12
to Polyoxometalates. Chemistry 2017; 24:6712-6716. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Oh
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ji Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju; Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Soo You
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University, Cheongju; Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Ok
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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26
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Cliffe M, Castillo-Martínez E, Wu Y, Lee J, Forse AC, Firth FCN, Moghadam PZ, Fairen-Jimenez D, Gaultois MW, Hill JA, Magdysyuk OV, Slater B, Goodwin AL, Grey CP. Metal-Organic Nanosheets Formed via Defect-Mediated Transformation of a Hafnium Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5397-5404. [PMID: 28343394 PMCID: PMC5469521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a hafnium-containing MOF, hcp UiO-67(Hf), which is a ligand-deficient layered analogue of the face-centered cubic fcu UiO-67(Hf). hcp UiO-67 accommodates its lower ligand:metal ratio compared to fcu UiO-67 through a new structural mechanism: the formation of a condensed "double cluster" (Hf12O8(OH)14), analogous to the condensation of coordination polyhedra in oxide frameworks. In oxide frameworks, variable stoichiometry can lead to more complex defect structures, e.g., crystallographic shear planes or modules with differing compositions, which can be the source of further chemical reactivity; likewise, the layered hcp UiO-67 can react further to reversibly form a two-dimensional metal-organic framework, hxl UiO-67. Both three-dimensional hcp UiO-67 and two-dimensional hxl UiO-67 can be delaminated to form metal-organic nanosheets. Delamination of hcp UiO-67 occurs through the cleavage of strong hafnium-carboxylate bonds and is effected under mild conditions, suggesting that defect-ordered MOFs could be a productive route to porous two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
J. Cliffe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | | | - Yue Wu
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Jeongjae Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Alexander C. Forse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Francesca C. N. Firth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Peyman Z. Moghadam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, U.K.
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, U.K.
| | - Michael W. Gaultois
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Joshua A. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Oxana V. Magdysyuk
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Ben Slater
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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27
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Breeze MI, Chamberlain TW, Clarkson GJ, de Camargo RP, Wu Y, de Lima JF, Millange F, Serra OA, O'Hare D, Walton RI. Structural variety in ytterbium dicarboxylate frameworks and in situ study diffraction of their solvothermal crystallisation. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Anderson SL, Gładysiak A, Boyd PG, Ireland CP, Miéville P, Tiana D, Vlaisavljevich B, Schouwink P, van Beek W, Gagnon KJ, Smit B, Stylianou KC. Formation pathways of metal–organic frameworks proceeding through partial dissolution of the metastable phase. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Schneemann A, Rudolf R, Henke S, Takahashi Y, Banh H, Hante I, Schneider C, Noro SI, Fischer RA. Linker functionalisation triggers an alternative 3D-topology for Zn-isophthalate-4,4′-bipyridine frameworks. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of four Zn2+ metal–organic frameworks containing functionalised isophthalate linkers and 4,4′-bipyridine pillars have been prepared and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schneemann
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre
| | - Robin Rudolf
- Anorganische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Anorganische Chemie
- Technische Universität Dortmund
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Yukiko Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0020
- Japan
| | - Hung Banh
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre
| | - Inke Hante
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II – Organometallics and Materials
- Ruhr Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre
| | - Shin-ichiro Noro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 001-0020
- Japan
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre
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30
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Morris RE, Brammer L. Coordination change, lability and hemilability in metal–organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5444-5462. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deformation or cleavage/reformation of metal–ligand bonds in MOFs lies at the heart of chemical/thermal stability and dynamic/flexible behaviour, provides avenues for post-synthetic modification, and can enable novel or improved performance for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Brammer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
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31
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Springer S, Heidenreich N, Stock N, van Wüllen L, Huber K, Leoni S, Wiebcke M. The ZIF system zinc(II) 4,5-dichoroimidazolate: theoretical and experimental investigations of the polymorphism and crystallization mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this report, we summarize our theoretical and experimental investigations on the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) system [Zn(dcim)
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32
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Al-Ghoul M, Issa R, Hmadeh M. Synthesis, size and structural evolution of metal–organic framework-199 via a reaction–diffusion process at room temperature. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Wendt M, Mahnke LK, Heidenreich N, Bensch W. Nucleation and Crystal Growth of a {V14Sb8O42} Cluster from a {V15Sb6O42} Polyoxovanadate: In Situ XRD Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wendt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Lisa K. Mahnke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Niclas Heidenreich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; 24118 Kiel Germany
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34
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Wu Y, Henke S, Kieslich G, Schwedler I, Yang M, Fraser DAX, O'Hare D. Time-Resolved In Situ X-ray Diffraction Reveals Metal-Dependent Metal-Organic Framework Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14081-14084. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Inke Schwedler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Miaosen Yang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- School of Chemical Engineering; North-east Dianli University; Jilin 132012 China
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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35
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Wu Y, Henke S, Kieslich G, Schwedler I, Yang M, Fraser DAX, O'Hare D. Time-Resolved In Situ X-ray Diffraction Reveals Metal-Dependent Metal-Organic Framework Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Sebastian Henke
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Inke Schwedler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Miaosen Yang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- School of Chemical Engineering; North-east Dianli University; Jilin 132012 China
| | - Duncan A. X. Fraser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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36
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Wu Y, Breeze MI, Clarkson GJ, Millange F, O'Hare D, Walton RI. Exchange of Coordinated Solvent During Crystallization of a Metal-Organic Framework Observed by In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4992-6. [PMID: 26959076 PMCID: PMC6680260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Using time-resolved monochromatic high energy X-ray diffraction, we present an in situ study of the solvothermal crystallisation of a new MOF [Yb2(BDC)3(DMF)2]⋅H2O (BDC=benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) under solvothermal conditions, from mixed water/DMF solvent. Analysis of high resolution powder patterns obtained reveals an evolution of lattice parameters and electron density during the crystallisation process and Rietveld analysis shows that this is due to a gradual topochemical replacement of coordinated solvent molecules. The water initially coordinated to Yb(3+) is replaced by DMF as the reaction progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew I Breeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK)
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK)
| | - Franck Millange
- Département de Chimie, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035, Versailles cedex, France
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK).
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37
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Wu Y, Breeze MI, Clarkson GJ, Millange F, O'Hare D, Walton RI. Exchange of Coordinated Solvent During Crystallization of a Metal-Organic Framework Observed by In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Matthew I. Breeze
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
| | - Franck Millange
- Département de Chimie; Université de Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; 45 Avenue des États-Unis 78035 Versailles cedex France
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Richard I. Walton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK)
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