1
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Li KR, He XC, Gao J, Liu YL, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Amine-Borane-Mediated, Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Alkyl and Aryl Bromides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12658-12667. [PMID: 39159404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Nickel/photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful platform for exploring nontraditional and challenging cross-couplings. Herein, a metallaphotoredox catalytic protocol has been developed on the basis of a tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer process under blue-light irradiation. A wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides featuring different functional groups and pharmaceutical moieties were facilely coupled to rapidly install C(sp3)-enriched aromatic scaffolds. The compatibility of Lewis base-ligated borane with nickel catalysis was well exemplified to extend the chemical space for Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
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2
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Weisel L, Corcoran L, Castro S, He Y. A Robust HPLC Method for Easily Oxidizable Phosphine Ligand Analysis. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:471-476. [PMID: 36828780 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine ligands are widely used in the manufacture of small molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients, for they play a key role in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling. However, chromatographic analysis of phosphine ligands can be challenging because of the easily oxidizable nature of this class of compounds. This manuscript describes an out-of-specification (OOS) investigation study of XPhos raw material analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (LC). It is concluded that on-column degradation/oxidation is the culprit behind this OOS result. In addition, a slightly modified yet much improved new LC method is developed by adding a trace amount of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) into the aqueous mobile phase. TCEP is also a phosphine compound and is commonly used as a reducing reagent in molecular biology. The trace amount of TCEP serves as a surrogate reagent to passivate the LC column and eliminate the on-column degradation/oxidation. As a result, a much more robust performance is achieved with greatly improved method precision and sensitivity. This is a general approach and can be applied to the LC analysis of many other phosphine ligands in the same manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Weisel
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC (MSD), Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Liam Corcoran
- Analytical Development & Commercialization, Merck Sharpe & Dohme Ballydine, Ballydine, Kilsheelan, Clonmel, Co., Tipperary E91 V091, Ireland
| | - Steve Castro
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC (MSD), Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yu He
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC (MSD), Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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3
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Virdi J, Dusunge A, Handa S. Aqueous Micelles as Solvent, Ligand, and Reaction Promoter in Catalysis. JACS AU 2024; 4:301-317. [PMID: 38425936 PMCID: PMC10900500 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Water is considered to be the most sustainable and safest solvent. Micellar catalysis is a significant contributor to the chemistry in water. It promotes pathways involving water-sensitive intermediates and transient catalytic species under micelles' shielding effect while also replacing costly ligands and dipolar-aprotic solvents. However, there is a lack of critical information about micellar catalysis. This includes why it works better than traditional catalysis in organic solvents, why specific rules in micellar catalysis differ from those of conventional catalysis, and how the limitations of micellar catalysis can be addressed in the future. This Perspective aims to highlight the current gaps in our understanding of micellar catalysis and provide an analysis of designer surfactants' origin and essential components. This will also provide a fundamental understanding of micellar catalysis, including how aqueous micelles can simultaneously perform multiple functions such as solvent, ligand, and reaction promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep
K. Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ashish Dusunge
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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4
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Lansbergen B, Tewari S, Tomczyk I, Seemann M, Buchholz HL, Rippegarten M, Cieminski DC, Juliá F, Ritter T. Reductive Cross-Coupling of a Vinyl Thianthrenium Salt and Secondary Alkyl Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313659. [PMID: 37966018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the first reductive vinylation of alkyl iodides. The reaction uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt, a palladium catalyst, and an alkyl zinc intermediate formed in situ to trap the Ln PdII (vinyl) complex formed after oxidative addition before it undergoes undesired homocoupling to form butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ireneusz Tomczyk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maik Seemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Henning Louis Buchholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mike Rippegarten
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Chamier Cieminski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Wang X, Xue J, Rong ZQ. Divergent Access to Chiral C2- and C3-Alkylated Pyrrolidines by Catalyst-Tuned Regio- and Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives are widely used in drugs and bioactive molecules. The efficient synthesis of these valuable skeletons, especially enantiopure derivatives, is still recognized as a key bottleneck to overcome in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalyst-tuned regio- and enantioselective hydroalkylation reaction for the divergent synthesis of chiral C2- and C3-alkylated pyrrolidines through desymmetrization of the readily available 3-pyrrolines. The catalytic system consists of CoBr2 with a modified bisoxazoline (BOX) ligand, which can achieve the asymmetric C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling via the distal stereocontrol, providing a series of C3-alkylated pyrrolidines in high efficiency. Moreover, the nickel catalytic system allows the enantioselective hydroalkylation to synthesize the C2-alkylated pyrrolidines through the tandem alkene isomerization/hydroalkylation reaction. This divergent method uses readily available catalysts, chiral BOX ligands, and reagents, delivering enantioenriched 2-/3-alkyl substituted pyrrolidines with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). We also demonstrate the compatibility of this transformation with complex substrates derived from a series of drugs and bioactive molecules in good efficiency, which offers a distinct entry to more functionalized chiral N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Rong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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6
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Molyneux S, Goss RJM. Fully Aqueous and Air-Compatible Cross-Coupling of Primary Alkyl Halides with Aryl Boronic Species: A Possible and Facile Method. ACS Catal 2023; 13:6365-6374. [PMID: 37180963 PMCID: PMC10167655 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous transformations confer many advantages, including decreased environmental impact and increased opportunity for biomolecule modulation. Although several studies have been conducted to enable the cross-coupling of aryl halides in aqueous conditions, until now a process for the cross-coupling of primary alkyl halides in aqueous conditions was missing from the catalytic toolbox and considered impossible. Alkyl halide coupling in water suffers from severe problems. The reasons for this include the strong propensity for β-hydride elimination, the need for highly air- and water-sensitive catalysts and reagents, and the intolerance of many hydrophilic groups to cross-coupling conditions. Here, we report a broadly applicable and readily accessible process for the cross-coupling of water-soluble alkyl halides in water and air by using simple and commercially available bench-stable reagents. The trisulfonated aryl phosphine TXPTS in combination with a water-soluble palladium salt Na2PdCl4 allowed for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of water-soluble alkyl halides with aryl boronic acids, boronic esters, and borofluorate salts in mild, fully aqueous conditions. Multiple challenging functionalities, including unprotected amino acids, an unnatural halogenated amino acid within a peptide, and herbicides can be diversified in water. Structurally complex natural products were used as testbeds to showcase the late-stage tagging methodology of marine natural products to enable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. This enabling methodology therefore provides a general method for the environmentally friendly and biocompatible derivatization of sp3 alkyl halide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Molyneux
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Rebecca J. M. Goss
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K.
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7
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Pious A, Kamlekar RK, Muthusamy S, Jothi A, Praneeth VK, Ramesh S, Anbazhagan V. Effectiveness of the hydrophobic core of pyridine tethered N-acyl glycine micelles in improving chromenoquinoline synthesis in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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8
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Franke MC, Longley VR, Rafiee M, Stahl SS, Hansen EC, Weix DJ. Zinc-Free, Scalable Reductive Cross-Electrophile Coupling Driven by Electrochemistry in an Undivided Cell. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12617-12626. [PMID: 37065181 PMCID: PMC10101217 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling reactions are becoming increasingly important in organic synthesis, but application at scale is limited by three interconnected challenges: a reliance on amide solvents (complicated workup, regulated), the generation of stoichiometric Zn salts (complicated isolation, waste disposal issue), and mixing/activation challenges of zinc powder. We show here an electrochemical approach that addresses these three issues: the reaction works in acetonitrile with diisopropylethylamine as the terminal reductant in a simple undivided cell (graphite(+)/nickel foam(-)). The reaction utilizes a combination of two ligands, 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine. Studies show that, alone, the bipyridine nickel catalyst predominantly forms protodehalogenated aryl and aryl dimer, whereas the terpyridine nickel catalyst predominantly forms bialkyl and product. By combining these two unselective catalysts, a tunable, general system results because excess radical formed by the terpyridine catalyst can be converted to product by the bipyridine catalyst. As the aryl bromide becomes more electron rich, the optimal ratio shifts to have more of the bipyridine nickel catalyst. Lastly, examination of a variety of flow-cell configurations establishes that batch recirculation can achieve higher productivity (mmol product/time/electrode area) than single-pass, that high flow rates are essential to maximizing current, and that two flow cells in parallel can nearly halve the reaction time. The resulting reaction is demonstrated on gram scale and should be scalable to kilogram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareena C. Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Victoria R. Longley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340 USA
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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9
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Xu G, Gao P, Colacot TJ. Tunable Unsymmetrical Ferrocene Ligands Bearing a Bulky Di-1-adamantylphosphino Motif for Many Kinds of C sp2–C sp3 Couplings. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Xu
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Peng Gao
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Research and Development, Life Science Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53209, United States
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10
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Ding C, Ren Y, Sun C, Long J, Yin G. Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylboration of Endocyclic Olefins Enabled by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20027-20034. [PMID: 34734714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas there is a significant interest in the rapid construction of diversely substituted saturated heterocycles, direct and modular access is currently limited to the mono-, 2,3-, or 3,4-substitution pattern. This Communication describes the straightforward and modular construction of 2,4-substituted saturated heterocycles from readily available materials in a highly stereo- and regioselective manner, which sets the stage for numerous readily accessible drug motifs. The strategy relies on chain walking catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Ren
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Caocao Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Long
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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11
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Chan AY, Perry IB, Bissonnette NB, Buksh BF, Edwards GA, Frye LI, Garry OL, Lavagnino MN, Li BX, Liang Y, Mao E, Millet A, Oakley JV, Reed NL, Sakai HA, Seath CP, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1485-1542. [PMID: 34793128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noah B Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Benito F Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lucas I Frye
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marissa N Lavagnino
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Beryl X Li
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yufan Liang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Agustin Millet
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James V Oakley
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas L Reed
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ciaran P Seath
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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12
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Lansbergen B, Granatino P, Ritter T. Site-Selective C-H alkylation of Complex Arenes by a Two-Step Aryl Thianthrenation-Reductive Alkylation Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7909-7914. [PMID: 34028272 PMCID: PMC8297726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an undirected para-selective two-step C-H alkylation of complex arenes useful for late-stage functionalization. The combination of a site-selective C-H thianthrenation with palladium-catalyzed reductive electrophile cross-coupling grants access to a diverse range of synthetically useful alkylated arenes which cannot be accessed otherwise with comparable selectivity, diversity, and practicality. The robustness of this transformation is further demonstrated by thianthrenium-based reductive coupling of two complex fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paola Granatino
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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13
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Yang T, Wei Y, Koh MJ. Photoinduced Nickel-Catalyzed Deaminative Cross-Electrophile Coupling for C(sp2)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117544
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14
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Banerjee M, Panjikar PC, Bhutia ZT, Bhosle AA, Chatterjee A. Micellar nanoreactors for organic transformations with a focus on “dehydration” reactions in water: A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Perkins JJ, Shurtleff VW, Johnson AM, El Marrouni A. Synthesis of C6-Substituted Purine Nucleoside Analogues via Late-Stage Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:662-666. [PMID: 33859805 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been and continue to be extremely important compounds in drug discovery. Despite the significant effort dedicated to their synthesis, medicinal chemistry campaigns around these structures are often hampered by synthetic challenges. We describe a strategy for the functionalization of purine nucleosides via photoredox and nickel-catalyzed sp2-sp3 cross-coupling. The conditions described herein allow for coupling of unprotected nucleosides with readily available alkyl bromides, providing opportunities for their application to parallel medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Perkins
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Valerie W. Shurtleff
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Alayna M. Johnson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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16
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Ludwig JR, Simmons EM, Wisniewski SR, Chirik PJ. Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling. Org Lett 2020; 23:625-630. [PMID: 32996312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed method for the C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of aryl boronic esters and alkyl bromides is described. Cobalt-ligand combinations were assayed with high-throughput experimentation, and cobalt(II) sources with trans-N,N'-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (DMCyDA, L1) produced optimal yield and selectivity. The scope of this transformation encompassed steric and electronic diversity on the aryl boronate nucleophile as well as various levels of branching and synthetically valuable functionality on the electrophile. Radical trap experiments support the formation of electrophile-derived radicals during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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17
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Sakai HA, Liu W, Le CC, MacMillan DWC. Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11691-11697. [PMID: 32564602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl chlorides are bench-stable chemical feedstocks that remain among the most underutilized electrophile classes in transition metal catalysis. Overcoming intrinsic limitations of C(sp3)-Cl bond activation, we report the development of a novel organosilane reagent that can participate in chlorine atom abstraction under mild photocatalytic conditions. In particular, we describe the application of this mechanism to a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic protocol that enables the first cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides and aryl chlorides. Employing these low-toxicity, abundant, and commercially available organochloride building blocks, this methodology allows access to a broad array of highly functionalized C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupled adducts, including numerous drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Chi Chip Le
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Sain S, Jain S, Srivastava M, Vishwakarma R, Dwivedi J. Application of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:1105-1142. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666191104093533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
:
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have gained a continuously growing
interest of synthetic organic chemists. The present review gives a brief account of applications of
the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in comprehensive synthesis, viz., the Heck, Stille,
Suzuki–Miyaura, Negishi, Sonogashira, Buchwald–Hartwig, Ullmann and the Oxidative,
decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions, with particular emphasis on the synthesis of heterocyclic
compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Sain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
| | | | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, India
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19
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Mennie KM, Vara BA, Levi SM. Reductive sp 3-sp 2 Coupling Reactions Enable Late-Stage Modification of Pharmaceuticals. Org Lett 2020; 22:556-559. [PMID: 31909629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage derivatization of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds relies on the availability of highly functional-group tolerant reactions. Reactions that increase the sp3 character of molecules enable the pursuit of more selective and well-tolerated pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report the use of sp3-sp2 cross-electrophile reductive couplings to modify a generic ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor with a broad range of primary and secondary alkyl halide coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mennie
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Brandon A Vara
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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20
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang WQ, Sun H, Zhang K, Jian Y, Gu Q, Zhang G, Li J, Gao Z. Sustainable Ligand-Free, Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions in Water: Insights into the Role of Base. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:5265-5273. [PMID: 31724806 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient system was developed for the ligand-free Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in water under mild conditions. Quaternary ammonium hydroxides with long chains were found to be very suitable bases. This ligand-free Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction showed improved durability in water with Pd loadings decreased to ppm level. Bases were shown to stabilize active palladium species in addition to acting as a base during the catalytic process. In the catalytic system with a strong base, the soluble active PdII ion exhibited anti-reduction properties, which prevented aggregation and deactivation of Pd species. The entire catalytic system could be recycled after separating the product by simple filtration. The water-compatible and air-stable effective catalytic protocol described herein represents an attractive and green synthetic advance in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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21
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Esteves HA, Darbem MP, Pimenta DC, Stefani HA. Carbonylative Negishi-Type Coupling of 2-Iodoglycals with Alkyl and Aryl Halides. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique A. Esteves
- Departmento de Farmácia; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Darbem
- Departmento de Farmácia; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Pimenta
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Instituto Butantan; Av. Vital Brasil 1500 05503-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hélio A. Stefani
- Departmento de Farmácia; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 05508-000 São Paulo Brazil
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22
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Thakore RR, Takale BS, Gallou F, Reilly J, Lipshutz BH. N,C-Disubstituted Biarylpalladacycles as Precatalysts for ppm Pd-Catalyzed Cross Couplings in Water under Mild Conditions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita R. Thakore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Balaram S. Takale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - John Reilly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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23
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Liu Z, Luan N, Shen L, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Cross-Couplings of Arylsilanes with 3-Iodoazetidine: Synthesis of 3-Arylazetidines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12358-12365. [PMID: 31532668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of arylsilanes with 3-iodoazetidine were described. The protocol provides a convenient access to a variety of useful 3-arylazetidines which are of great interest in pharmaceutical laboratories in moderate to good yields (30%-88%). In addition, this strategy has the advantage of easy operation and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Luan
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linhua Shen
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov International, Inc. 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
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24
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Pang H, Wang Y, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Fe-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings of Terminal (Hetero)Aryl Alkenes and Alkyl Halides under Aqueous Micellar Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17117-17124. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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25
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26
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Rauser M, Eckert R, Gerbershagen M, Niggemann M. Catalyst‐Free Reductive Coupling of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6713-6717. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Raphael Eckert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Max Gerbershagen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
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27
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Rauser M, Eckert R, Gerbershagen M, Niggemann M. Catalyst‐Free Reductive Coupling of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Organohalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Raphael Eckert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Max Gerbershagen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
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28
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He J, Song P, Xu X, Zhu S, Wang Y. Migratory Reductive Acylation between Alkyl Halides or Alkenes and Alkyl Carboxylic Acids by Nickel Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Peihong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - You Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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29
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Ma Y, Cammarata J, Cornella J. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Liebeskind-Srogl Alkylation of Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1918-1922. [PMID: 30650305 PMCID: PMC6728094 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a Ni-catalyzed alkylation of C-SMe with alkyl bromides for the decoration of heterocyclic frameworks. The protocol, reminiscent to the Liebeskind-Srogl coupling, makes use of simple C(sp2)-SMe to be engaged in a reductive coupling. The reaction is suitable for a preponderance of highly valuable heterocyclic motifs. In addition to cyclic bromides, noncyclic alkyl bromides are well accommodated with exquisite levels of retention over isomerization. The protocol is scalable and permits orthogonal couplings in the presence of other functionalization handles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Jose Cammarata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
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30
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31
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Smith RT, Zhang X, Rincón JA, Agejas J, Mateos C, Barberis M, García-Cerrada S, de Frutos O, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile C sp3-C sp3 Coupling of Aliphatic Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17433-17438. [PMID: 30516995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the installation of small alkyl fragments onto pharmaceutically relevant aliphatic structures has been established via metallaphotoredox catalysis. Herein, we report that tris(trimethylsilyl)silanol can be employed as an effective halogen abstraction reagent that, in combination with photoredox and nickel catalysis, allows a generic approach to Csp3-Csp3 cross-electrophile coupling. In this study, we demonstrate that a variety of aliphatic drug-like groups can be successfully coupled with a number of commercially available small alkyl electrophiles, including methyl tosylate and strained cyclic alkyl bromides. Moreover, the union of two secondary aliphatic carbon centers, a long-standing challenge for organic molecule construction, has been accomplished with a wide array of structural formats. Last, this technology can be selectively merged with Csp2-Csp3 aryl-alkyl couplings to build drug-like systems in a highly modular fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Smith
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Juan A Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - Javier Agejas
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - Mario Barberis
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - Susana García-Cerrada
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A. , Avda. de la Industria 30 , Alcobendas - Madrid 28108 , Spain
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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32
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Rakers L, Schäfers F, Glorius F. In Water and under Mild Conditions: α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols by Phase‐Transfer‐Assisted Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15529-15532. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rakers
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48419 Münster Germany
| | - Felix Schäfers
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48419 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48419 Münster Germany
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33
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Peng J, Chen B, Qi X, Ying J, Wu X. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Alkyl Bromides: Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Bao Peng
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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34
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Barré B, Gonnard L, Guérinot A, Cossy J. Cobalt-Catalyzed (Hetero)arylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines with Grignard Reagents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061449. [PMID: 29904007 PMCID: PMC6099817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(Hetero)aryl substituted saturated cyclic amines are ubiquitous scaffolds in biologically active molecules. Metal-catalyzed cross-couplings between halogeno N-heterocycles and organometallic species are efficient and modular reactions to access these attractive scaffolds. An overview of our work concerning the cobalt-catalyzed arylation of iodo-substituted cyclic amines is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Barré
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Laurine Gonnard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Amandine Guérinot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI)-UMR 8231 ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France.
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35
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Antermite D, Affron DP, Bull JA. Regio- and Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Arylation of Pyrrolidines and Piperidines with C(3) Directing Groups. Org Lett 2018; 20:3948-3952. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Antermite
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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36
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Han S, Ren X, Wu Q, Liang A, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings of 1-Boc-3-iodoazetidine: Regioselective Access to 2-Alkynylazetidines, 3-Alkynylazetidines and 3-Vinylazetidines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Han
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ren
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Apeng Liang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC.; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou People's Republic of China
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC.; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation; Zhengzhou 450052 People's Republic of China
- Tetranov International, Inc.; 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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37
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Organic synthesis provides opportunities to transform drug discovery. Nat Chem 2018; 10:383-394. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Lipshutz BH, Ghorai S, Cortes-Clerget M. The Hydrophobic Effect Applied to Organic Synthesis: Recent Synthetic Chemistry "in Water". Chemistry 2018; 24:6672-6695. [PMID: 29465785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments over the past few years in aqueous micellar catalysis are discussed. Applications to problems in synthesis are highlighted, enabled by the use of surfactants that self-aggregate in water into micelles as nanoreactors. These include amphiphiles that have been available for some time, as well as those that have been newly designed. Reactions catalyzed by transition metals, including Pd, Cu, Rh, and Au, are of particular focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Subir Ghorai
- Chemistry Research & Development, MilliporeSigma, 6000 N. Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53209, USA
| | - Margery Cortes-Clerget
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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39
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Taylor AP, Robinson RP, Fobian YM, Blakemore DC, Jones LH, Fadeyi O. Modern advances in heterocyclic chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6611-37. [PMID: 27282396 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New advances in synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of functionalized heterocyclic compounds are of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drive more efficient delivery of drug discovery programs. Furthermore, the development of robust synthetic routes that can readily generate bulk quantities of a desired compound help to accelerate the drug development process. While established synthetic methodologies are commonly utilized during the course of a drug discovery program, the development of innovative heterocyclic syntheses that allow for different bond forming strategies are having a significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on recent applications of new methodologies in C-H activation, photoredox chemistry, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, innovative general syntheses for the formation and functionalization of heterocycles that have helped drive project delivery. Additionally, the importance and value of collaborations between industry and academia in shaping the development of innovative synthetic approaches to functionalized heterocycles that are of greatest interest to the pharmaceutical industry will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Taylor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Ralph P Robinson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olugbeminiyi Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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40
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Zhang KF, Christoffel F, Baudoin O. Barbier-Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkyl Bromides with Aryl and Alkenyl Triflates and Nonaflates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1982-1986. [PMID: 29316142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical Barbier-Negishi coupling of secondary alkyl bromides with aryl and alkenyl triflates and nonaflates has been developed. This challenging reaction was enabled by the use of a very bulky imidazole-based phosphine ligand, which resulted in good yields as well as good chemo- and site selectivities for a broad range of substrates at room temperature and under non-aqueous conditions. This reaction was extended to primary alkyl bromides by using an analogous pyrazole-based ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fadri Christoffel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Zhang KF, Christoffel F, Baudoin O. Barbier-Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkyl Bromides with Aryl and Alkenyl Triflates and Nonaflates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Fadri Christoffel
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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42
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Chen C, Zheng Q, Ni S, Wang H. Facile one-pot nanocatalysts encapsulation of palladium–NHC complexes for aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura couplings. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd–NHC loaded nanocatalysts (NCs) were readily constructed by a facile one-pot self-assembly approach. These nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic activity in aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences
- Huzhou University
- Huzhou
- China
| | - Qing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences
- Huzhou University
- Huzhou
- China
| | - Shengliang Ni
- College of Life Sciences
- Huzhou University
- Huzhou
- China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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43
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Kuriyama M, Nakashima S, Miyagi T, Sato K, Yamamoto K, Onomura O. Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective anaerobic oxidation of N-heterocycle-containing alcohols. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed chemoselective anaerobic oxidation for N-heterocycle-containing alcohols has been achieved with chloroarenes as oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Sho Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Tsubasa Miyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Nagasaki University
- Nagasaki 852-8521
- Japan
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44
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Piperidines: Functionalization of Preexisting Ring Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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45
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Kitanosono T, Masuda K, Xu P, Kobayashi S. Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society. Chem Rev 2017; 118:679-746. [PMID: 29218984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the "watershed" in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous solution from a product that is soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysts facilitates catalyst recycling by allowing simple centrifugation and filtration methods to be used. This Review addresses advances over the past decade in catalytic reactions using water as a reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichiro Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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46
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Jia XG, Guo P, Duan J, Shu XZ. Dual nickel and Lewis acid catalysis for cross-electrophile coupling: the allylation of aryl halides with allylic alcohols. Chem Sci 2017; 9:640-645. [PMID: 29629130 PMCID: PMC5868389 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the selectivity in cross-electrophile coupling reactions is a significant challenge, particularly when one electrophile is much more reactive. We report a general and practical strategy to address this problem in the reaction between reactive and unreactive electrophiles by a combination of nickel and Lewis acid catalysis. This strategy is used for the coupling of aryl halides with allylic alcohols to form linear allylarenes selectively. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups (e.g. silanes, boronates, anilines, esters, alcohols, and various heterocycles) and works with various allylic alcohols. Complementary to most current routes for the C3 allylation of an unprotected indole, this method provides access to C2 and C4-C7 allylated indoles. Preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal that the reaction might start with an aryl nickel intermediate, which then reacts with Lewis acid activated allylic alcohols in the presence of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , 222 South Tianshui Road , Lanzhou , 730000 , China .
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , 222 South Tianshui Road , Lanzhou , 730000 , China .
| | - Jicheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , 222 South Tianshui Road , Lanzhou , 730000 , China .
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC) , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , 222 South Tianshui Road , Lanzhou , 730000 , China .
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47
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Chen F, Chen K, Zhang Y, He Y, Wang YM, Zhu S. Remote Migratory Cross-Electrophile Coupling and Olefin Hydroarylation Reactions Enabled by in Situ Generation of NiH. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13929-13935. [PMID: 28880544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient strategy for remote reductive cross-electrophile coupling has been developed through the ligand-controlled nickel migration/arylation. This general protocol allows the use of abundant and bench-stable alkyl bromides and aryl bromides for the synthesis of a wide range of structurally diverse 1,1-diarylalkanes in excellent yields and high regioselectivities under mild conditions. We also demonstrated that alkyl bromide could be replaced by the proposed olefin intermediate while using n-propyl bromide/Mn0 as a potential hydride source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuli He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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48
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Hansen EC, Li C, Yang S, Pedro D, Weix DJ. Coupling of Challenging Heteroaryl Halides with Alkyl Halides via Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7085-7092. [PMID: 28682073 PMCID: PMC5539790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Despite
their importance, the synthesis of alkylated heterocycles
from the cross-coupling of Lewis basic nitrogen heteroaryl halides
with alkyl halides remains a challenge. We report here a general solution
to this challenge enabled by a new collection of ligands based around
2-pyridyl-N-cyanocarboxamidine and 2-pyridylcarboxamidine
cores. Both primary and secondary alkyl halides can be coupled with
2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl halides as well as other more complex heterocycles
in generally good yields (41 examples, 69% ave yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Changfeng Li
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Sihang Yang
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dylan Pedro
- Chemical Research and Development Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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49
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Friis SD, Pirnot MT, Dupuis LN, Buchwald SL. A Dual Palladium and Copper Hydride Catalyzed Approach for Alkyl-Aryl Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides and Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7242-7246. [PMID: 28510287 PMCID: PMC5572809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient means of sp2 -sp3 cross coupling for a variety of terminal monosubstituted olefins with aryl electrophiles using Pd and CuH catalysis. In addition to its applicability to a range of aryl bromide substrates, this process was also suitable for electron-deficient aryl chlorides, furnishing higher yields than the corresponding aryl bromides in these cases. The optimized protocol does not require the use of a glovebox and employs air-stable Cu and Pd complexes as precatalysts. A reaction on 10 mmol scale further highlighted the practical utility of this protocol. Employing a similar protocol, a series of cyclic alkenes were also examined. Cyclopentene was shown to undergo efficient coupling under these conditions. Lastly, deuterium-labeling studies indicate that deuterium scrambling does not take place in this sp2 -sp3 cross coupling, implying that β-hydride elimination is not a significant process in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig D Friis
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael T Pirnot
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lauren N Dupuis
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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50
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A Dual Palladium and Copper Hydride Catalyzed Approach for Alkyl-Aryl Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides and Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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