1
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Borrisov B, Beneventi GM, Fu Y, Qiu ZL, Komber H, Deng QS, Greißel PM, Cadranel A, Guldi DM, Ma J, Feng X. Deep-Saddle-Shaped Nanographene Induced by Four Heptagons: Efficient Synthesis and Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39329237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The construction of multiple heptagonal rings in nanographene is the key step for obtaining exotic carbon nanostructures with a negative curvature and intriguing properties. Herein, a novel saddle-shaped nanographene (1) with four embedded heptagons is synthesized via a highly efficient one-shot Scholl reaction from a predesigned oligophenylene precursor. Notably, a quadruple [6]helicene intermediate was also obtained and isolated by controlling the Scholl reaction conditions. Interestingly, the single crystal structures of 1 display a saddle geometry induced by the four embedded heptagons, resulting in a deep curvature with a width of 16.5 Å and a depth of 8.0 Å. Theoretical calculations at the molecular level suggest a weak antiaromatic character of the heptagons in 1. Remarkably, compound 1 exhibits dual fluorescence from S1 and S2. The deep-saddle-shaped geometry in 1 defines host-guest interactions with fullerenes, which were explored in titration experiments and by theoretical methods. The resulting 1@C60 are stable and are subject to an electron transfer from photoexcited 1 to C60. Our current study underscores the influence of heptagon rings on the photophysical, self-assembly, and electron-donating properties of NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Borrisov
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giovanni M Beneventi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qing-Song Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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2
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Sala J, Capdevila L, Berga C, de Aquino A, Rodríguez L, Simon S, Ribas X. Luminescent Chiral Furanol-PAHs via Straightforward Ni-Catalysed C sp2 -F Functionalization: Mechanistic Insights into the Scholl Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303200. [PMID: 37903141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the stepwise synthesis of new nanographenes (NGs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) obtained via Scholl ring fusion applied at aromatic homologation compounds, which are obtained through one-step Ni-catalysed Csp2 -F functionalization. The latter are rapidly accessed valid precursors for the Scholl reaction, and screening of experimental conditions allowed us to describe for the first time furanol-bearing PAHs. Mechanistic insights are obtained by DFT to rationalize the formation of the furanol PAHs under moderately acidic conditions. All PAHs and NGs synthesized show moderate/weak fluorescent properties, and all PAHs crystallized show some degree of curvature and are obtained as racemic mixtures. Enantiomeric separation by chiral HPLC of one furanol-bearing PAH allowed the study of their chiroptical CD properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena Capdevila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Berga
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Matuszczyk D, Lee YJ, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. π-Extended Hexapyrrolylbenzenes: Exploring Charge-Transfer Phenomena in Donor-Acceptor Propellers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302429. [PMID: 37624878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A family of propeller-shaped donor-acceptor hexapyrrolylbenzenes (HPBs) were designed and synthesized by sequential nucleophilic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with π-extended pyrroles. In particular, four hybrids were obtained, containing various combinations of electron-rich and electron-poor acenaphthylene-fused pyrroles. Additionally, to probe the efficiency of ortho transfer interactions, a system was designed containing unique donor and acceptor subunits spatially separated with four unfunctionalized pyrroles. DFT calculations showed propeller-shaped geometries of all HPB molecules and separation of frontier molecular orbitals between donor and acceptor subunits. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements revealed charge-transfer (CT) character of the emission with strong positive dependence on solvent polarity. The principal CT pathway involves ortho-positioned pairs of donors and acceptors and requires bending of the acceptor in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matuszczyk
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
- Polski, Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii (PORT), ul. Stabłowicka147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Kumar V, Bharathkumar HJ, Dongre SD, Gonnade R, Krishnamoorthy K, Babu SS. Isomer Effect on Energy Storage of π-Extended S-Shaped Double[6]Heterohelicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311657. [PMID: 37782466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral and nonplanar cutouts of graphene have been the favorites due to their unique optical, electronic, and redox properties and high solubility compared with their planar counterparts. Despite the remarkable progress in helicenes, π-extended heterohelicenes have not been widely explored. As an anode in a lithium-ion battery, the racemic mixture of π-extended double heterohelical nanographene containing thienothiophene core exhibited a high lithium storage capability, attaining a specific capacity of 424 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 with excellent rate capability and superior long-term cycling performance over 6000 cycles with negligible fade. As a first report, the π-extended helicene isomer (PP and MM), with the more interlayer distance that helps faster diffusion of ions, has exhibited a high capacity of 300 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 with long-term cycling performance over 1500 cycles compared to the less performing MP and PM isomer and racemic mixture (150 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ). As supported by single-crystal X-ray analysis, a unique molecular design of nanographenes with a fixed (helical) molecular geometry, avoiding restacking of the layers, renders better performance as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Interestingly, the recycled nanographene anode material displayed comparable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viksit Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - H J Bharathkumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sangram D Dongre
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Rajesh Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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5
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Niu W, Fu Y, Serra G, Liu K, Droste J, Lee Y, Ling Z, Xu F, Cojal González JD, Lucotti A, Rabe JP, Ryan Hansen M, Pisula W, Blom PWM, Palma CA, Tommasini M, Mai Y, Ma J, Feng X. Bottom-up Solution Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Precisely Engineered Nanopores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305737. [PMID: 37335764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanopores into graphene nanostructures has been demonstrated as an efficient tool in tuning their band gaps and electronic structures. However, precisely embedding the uniform nanopores into graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) at the atomic level remains underdeveloped especially for in-solution synthesis due to the lack of efficient synthetic strategies. Herein we report the first case of solution-synthesized porous GNR (pGNR) with a fully conjugated backbone via the efficient Scholl reaction of tailor-made polyphenylene precursor (P1) bearing pre-installed hexagonal nanopores. The resultant pGNR features periodic subnanometer pores with a uniform diameter of 0.6 nm and an adjacent-pores-distance of 1.7 nm. To solidify our design strategy, two porous model compounds (1 a, 1 b) containing the same pore size as the shortcuts of pGNR, are successfully synthesized. The chemical structure and photophysical properties of pGNR are investigated by various spectroscopic analyses. Notably, the embedded periodic nanopores largely reduce the π-conjugation degree and alleviate the inter-ribbon π-π interactions, compared to the nonporous GNRs with similar widths, affording pGNR with a notably enlarged band gap and enhanced liquid-phase processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhitian Ling
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof-, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Izquierdo‐García P, Fernández‐García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de MonocristalSIdIUniversidad Autónoma de Madridc/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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7
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Xiong W, Shi Q, Liu WH. Simple and Practical Conversion of Benzoic Acids to Phenols at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15894-15902. [PMID: 35997485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenols are important organic molecules because they have found widespread applications in many fields. Herein, an efficient and practical approach to prepare phenols from benzoic acids via simple organic reagents at room temperature is reported. This approach is compatible with various functional groups and heterocycles and can be easily scaled up. To demonstrate its synthetic utility, bioactive molecules and unsymmetrical hexaarylbenzenes have been prepared by leveraging this transformation as strategic steps. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the key migration step involves a free carbocation instead of a radical intermediate. Considering the abundance of benzoic acids and the utility of phenols, it is anticipated that this method will find broad applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiu Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Hölzel H, Haines P, Kaur R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Guldi DM. Probing Charge Management across the π-Systems of Nanographenes in Regioisomeric Electron Donor-Acceptor Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8977-8986. [PMID: 35543627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by light-induced processes in nature to mimic the primary events in the photosynthetic reaction centers, novel functional materials combine electron donors and acceptors, i.e., (metallo)porphyrins (ZnP) and fullerenes (C60), respectively, with emerging materials, i.e., nanographenes. We utilized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) due to its versatility regarding functionalization and physicochemical properties, to construct three regioisomeric ZnP-HBC-C60 conjugates, which foster geometrical diversity by arranging ZnP and C60 in ortho-, meta-, and para-positions to each other. The corresponding hexaarylbenzene (HAB) motifs, with an interrupted π-system, were also prepared. Transient absorption measurements disclosed the fast population of charge transfer as well as singlet and triplet charge-separated states. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we further conceive the communication across the HBCs and HABs. This work reveals the impact of both the geometrical arrangement with respect to through-space versus through-bond interactions and the structural rigidity/flexibility on the charge management across the different π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hölzel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Johnson MA, Martin M, Cocq K, Ferguson M, Jux N, Tykwinski RR. Acylation of Hexaphenylbenzene for the Synthesis of [5]Cumulenes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Martin
- FAU Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kévin Cocq
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Norbert Jux
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- University of Alberta Department of Chemistry T6G 2G2 Edmonton CANADA
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10
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Grau BW, Dill M, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Jux N, Tsogoeva SB. Four‐Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non‐Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maximilian Dill
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) Permoserstr. 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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11
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Grau BW, Dill M, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Jux N, Tsogoeva SB. Four-Step Domino Reaction Enables Fully Controlled Non-Statistical Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzene with Six Different Aryl Groups*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22307-22314. [PMID: 34060211 PMCID: PMC8518863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hexaarylbenzene (HAB) derivatives are versatile aromatic systems playing a significant role as chromophores, liquid crystalline materials, molecular receptors, molecular-scale devices, organic light-emitting diodes and candidates for organic electronics. Statistical synthesis of simple symmetrical HABs is known via cyclotrimerization or Diels-Alder reactions. By contrast, the synthesis of more complex, asymmetrical systems, and without involvement of statistical steps, remains an unsolved problem. Here we present a generally applicable synthetic strategy to access asymmetrical HAB via an atom-economical and high-yielding metal-free four-step domino reaction using nitrostyrenes and α,α-dicyanoolefins as easily available starting materials. Resulting domino product-functionalized triarylbenzene (TAB)-can be used as a key starting compound to furnish asymmetrically substituted hexaarylbenzenes in high overall yield and without involvement of statistical steps. This straightforward domino process represents a distinct approach to create diverse and still unexplored HAB scaffolds, containing six different aromatic rings around central benzene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian Dill
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM)Permoserstr. 1504318LeipzigGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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12
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Devibala P, Balambiga B, Noureen S, Nagarajan S. Hexaarylbenzene based high-performance p-channel molecules for electronic applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11672-11701. [PMID: 35423632 PMCID: PMC8696071 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexaarylbenzene-based molecules find potential applications in organic electronics due to wider energy gap, high HOMO level, higher photoconductivity, electron-rich nature, and high hole-transporting property. Due to the unique propeller structure, these molecules show low susceptibility towards self-aggregation. This property can be tailored by proper molecular engineering by the incorporation of appropriate groups. Therefore, hexaarylbenzene chromophores are widely used as the materials for high-efficiency light-emitting materials, charge transport materials, host materials, redox materials, photochemical switches, and molecular receptors. This review highlights the diverse structural modification techniques used for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical structures. Also, the potential applications of these molecules in organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, organic memory devices, and logic circuits are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Devibala
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610 005 India
| | - Balu Balambiga
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610 005 India
| | - Shana Noureen
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610 005 India
| | - Samuthira Nagarajan
- Organic Electronics Division, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur 610 005 India
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13
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Reger D, Schöll K, Hampel F, Maid H, Jux N. Pyridinic Nanographenes by Novel Precursor Design. Chemistry 2021; 27:1984-1989. [PMID: 33225488 PMCID: PMC7898602 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the solution‐synthesis of pyridine analogues to hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)—which might be called superpyridines—via a novel precursor design. The key step in our strategy was the pre‐formation of the C−C bonds between the 3/3’ positions of the pyridine and the adjacent phenyl rings—bonds that are otherwise unreactive and difficult to close under Scholl‐conditions. Apart from the synthesis of the parent compound we show that classical pyridine chemistry, namely oxidation, N‐alkylation and metal‐coordination is applicable to the π‐extended analogue. Furthermore, we present basic physical chemical characterizations of the newly synthesized molecules. With this novel synthetic strategy, we hope to unlock the pyridine chemistry of nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Schöll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Nishiyama Y, Akiyama K, Sakata Y, Hosoya T, Yoshida S. Facile Synthesis of Tetraarylpyrazines by Sequential Cross-coupling Approach. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kei Akiyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakata
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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15
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Asako T, Suzuki S, Tanaka S, Ota E, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Decaarylanthracene with Nine Different Substituents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15437-15448. [PMID: 33201696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of decaarylanthracene with nine different substituents has been accomplished by a coupling/ring-transformation strategy. The oxidation of tetraarylthiophenes with four different substituents to the corresponding thiophene S-oxides and a [4 + 2] cycloaddition with a double benzyne precursor afforded a multiply arylated naphthalene derivative. Subsequently, the naphthalene derivative was converted into a naphthalyne, and then a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of another thiophene S-oxide provided decaarylanthracenes with nine different aryl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Asako
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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16
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Nisa K, Khatri V, Kumar S, Arora S, Ahmad S, Dandia A, Thirumal M, Kashyap HK, Chauhan SMS. Synthesis and Redox Properties of Superbenzene Porphyrin Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16168-16177. [PMID: 33103424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Superbenzene porphyrin conjugates find wide range of applications from nonlinear optical materials to semiconductors. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of 5,15-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-10,20-bis(pentaphenylphenyl)phenylporphyrin and its Zinc-metallated complex. Oxidative planarization of 5,15-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-10,20-bis(pentaphenylphenyl)phenylporphyrin and its metallated complex was carried out by using NOBF4 as an oxidizing agent. The formation of superbenzene porphyrin conjugates validates its Scholl type reactions. The laboratory-synthesized porphyrin conjugates were characterized experimentally using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electron spin resonance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for structural conformation. In addition, density functional theory calculations were carried out to validate the experimental results. The theoretical and experimental results show that the 4-(pentaphenylphenyl)phenyl ligand increases the stability, optical properties, and rate of planarization of synthesized porphyrins. The conjugates exhibited intense and distant electronic communication between two hexabenzocoronene sites, taking advantage of porphyrin as a π-spacer. The π-radical cation has also been found to be an intermediate in oxidative C-C bond formation. NICS calculations support such a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharu Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vikas Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - M Thirumal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shive M S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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17
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Lorenz R, Reger D, Weller R, Jux N, Burzlaff N. Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene decorated with an allenylidene ruthenium complex - almost a flyswatter. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13134-13141. [PMID: 32930692 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-rich ruthenium allenylidene complexes bearing either a hexaarylbenzene (HAB) or a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituent were synthesised. This was achieved via the corresponding propargyl alcohols with HAB and HBC substituents, which were accessible via 3 or 4 step reaction cascades. Reaction of the propargyl alcohols HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HAB) and HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HBC) with [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] yielded the complexes [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HAB)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6 and [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HBC)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6. The latter of which shows interesting π-π-stacking behaviour in the solid state as well as aggregation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lorenz
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Weller
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and Fb. 15 - Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Ruppel M, Lungerich D, Sturm S, Lippert R, Hampel F, Jux N. A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins. Chemistry 2020; 26:3287-3296. [PMID: 31846109 PMCID: PMC7154557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) show, due to their optoelectronic properties, rising potential as dyes in various fields of physical and biomedical sciences. However, unlike in the case of porphyrins, the potential structural diversity of TATBPs has been explored only to little extent, owed mainly to synthetic hurdles. Herein, we prepared a comprehensive library of 30 TATBPs and investigated their fundamental properties. We elucidated structural properties by X-ray crystallography and found explanations for physical properties such as solubility. Fundamental electronic aspects were studied by optical spectroscopy as well as by electrochemistry and brought in context to the stability of the molecules. Finally, we were able to develop a universal synthetic protocol, utilizing a readily established isoindole synthon, which gives TATBPs in high yields, regardless of the nature of the used arylaldehyde and without meticulous chromatographic purifications steps. This work serves as point of orientation for scientists, that aim to utilize these molecules in materials, nanotechnological, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrina Sturm
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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19
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Tejedor D, Delgado-Hernández S, Santamaría-Peláez B, García-Tellado F. Short and modular synthesis of tetraarylsalicylaldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4019-4022. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Each one of the 15 possible different substitution geometries of tetraarylated salicylaldehyde molecules is accessible through a 5-step modular strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología
- CSIC
- 38206 La Laguna
- Spain
| | - Samuel Delgado-Hernández
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología
- CSIC
- 38206 La Laguna
- Spain
- Doctoral and Postgraduate School
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20
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Electronic Communication across Porphyrin Hexabenzocoronene Isomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8932-8937. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyPhysical Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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21
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Elektronische Kommunikation von Porphyrin‐Hexabenzocoronen‐Isomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department Chemie und PharmaziePhysikalische Chemie IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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22
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Martin MM, Dill M, Langer J, Jux N. Porphyrin-Hexaphenylbenzene Conjugates via Mixed Cyclotrimerization Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1489-1499. [PMID: 30596243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mixed cyclotrimerization reactions of diarylacetylenes (tolans) were applied to generate a library of multiple porphyrin-hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) architectures. Successful reactions, which could be influenced by the ratio of tolan starting materials, were conducted using dicobaltoctacarbonyl as a catalyst. Separation of the reaction products was performed by chromatographic and crystallization techniques. The physical properties were investigated with respect to the number of porphyrins per HPB and their substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Maximilian Dill
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry , Egerlandstrasse 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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23
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Liao J, Kojima T, Takahashi S, Hiraoka S. Gram-Scale Synthesis of a C
2v
-Symmetric Hexaphenylbenzene with Three Different Types of Substituents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Liao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku; Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku; Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku; Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku; Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
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24
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Kosaka T, Iwai S, Inoue Y, Moriuchi T, Mori T. Solvent and Temperature Effects on Dynamics and Chiroptical Properties of Propeller Chirality and Toroidal Interaction of Hexaarylbenzenes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7455-7463. [PMID: 30102034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because of the unique interaction of radial aromatic blades, propeller-shaped hexaarylbenzenes (HABs) attract much research interest and find various practical applications. By introducing a small point-chiral group at the tip of aromatic blade(s), HAB becomes propeller-chiral to exhibit strong Cotton effects. Because of the dynamic nature of propeller chirality, the chiroptical properties of HAB critically responded to minute changes in the environment. Using a series of chiral HABs with one to six ( R)-1-methylpropyloxy substituent(s) introduced at the blade tip, we elucidated how the smallest chiral auxiliary at the HAB periphery progressively and cooperatively boosts the overall chiroptical properties and also how subtle changes in temperature and solvent structure affect the propeller dynamics and thus the chiroptical responses. The unique features of propeller-chiral HABs further enabled us to switch on/off their circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kosaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Satono Iwai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Moriuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka , Suita 565-0871 , Japan
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25
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Drev M, Grošelj U, Ledinek B, Perdih F, Svete J, Štefane B, Požgan F. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Microwave-Promoted Multiple C-H Activation in Synthesis of Hexa(heteroaryl)benzenes in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:5268-5273. [PMID: 30130120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of hexa(heteroaryl)benzenes were synthesized by the Ru(II)-carboxylate-catalyzed multiple C-H activation of benzenes carrying pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or pyrazolyl directing groups using N-heteroaryl bromides as coupling partners. The reactions proceeded with high selectivity under microwave irradiation in water. Iterative penta-arylation could be implemented via activation of C-H bonds of generated intermediates by cascade chelation assistance of in situ installed pyridyl groups. This strategy provides multidentate ligands for selective complexation of transition metals and potential building of photoredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Drev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Bine Ledinek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Franc Požgan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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26
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Dumslaff B, Wagner M, Schollmeyer D, Narita A, Müllen K. A Phenylene-Bridged Cyclohexa-meta-phenylene as Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene Precursor. Chemistry 2018; 24:11908-11910. [PMID: 29882611 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A phenylene-bridged cyclohexa-meta-phenylene was synthesized via intramolecular Yamamoto coupling of an appropriate p-quinquephenyl derivative carrying four m-chlorophenyl substituents. The structural proof could be obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which also revealed a slightly strained structure with an internal phenylene bridge. Notably, this cyclo-meta-phenylene served as a novel precursor for hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC). The cyclodehydrogenation proceeded smoothly, providing the corresponding HBC derivative as confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Wang C, Noda Y, Wu C, Feng X, Venkatesan P, Cong H, Elsegood MRJ, Warwick TG, Teat SJ, Redshaw C, Yamato T. Multiple Photoluminescence from Pyrene‐Fused Hexaarylbenzenes with Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission Features. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan‐Zeng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Yuki Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Chong Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Xing Feng
- Faculty of Material and Energy Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Perumal Venkatesan
- Lab. de Polímeros, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Complejo de Ciencias, ICUAP, Edif. 103H 22 SurySan Claudio Puebla, Puebla C.P. 72570 Mexico
| | - Hang Cong
- Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | | | - Thomas G. Warwick
- Chemistry Department Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Simon J. Teat
- ALS Berkeley Lab 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematics & Physical Sciences The University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Takehiko Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Saga University Honjo-machi 1 Saga 840-8502 Japan
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28
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Asako T, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Fully Arylated (Hetero) arenes by Coupling Reaction. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Sturala J, Etherington MK, Bismillah AN, Higginbotham HF, Trewby W, Aguilar JA, Bromley EHC, Avestro AJ, Monkman AP, McGonigal PR. Excited-State Aromatic Interactions in the Aggregation-Induced Emission of Molecular Rotors. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17882-17889. [PMID: 29151342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small, apolar aromatic groups, such as phenyl rings, are commonly included in the structures of fluorophores to impart hindered intramolecular rotations, leading to desirable solid-state luminescence properties. However, they are not normally considered to take part in through-space interactions that influence the fluorescent output. Here, we report on the photoluminescence properties of a series of phenyl-ring molecular rotors bearing three, five, six, and seven phenyl groups. The fluorescent emissions from two of the rotors are found to originate, not from the localized excited state as one might expect, but from unanticipated through-space aromatic-dimer states. We demonstrate that these relaxed dimer states can form as a result of intra- or intermolecular interactions across a range of environments in solution and solid samples, including conditions that promote aggregation-induced emission. Computational modeling also suggests that the formation of aromatic-dimer excited states may account for the photophysical properties of a previously reported luminogen. These results imply, therefore, that this is a general phenomenon that should be taken into account when designing and interpreting the fluorescent outputs of luminescent probes and optoelectronic devices based on fluorescent molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Sturala
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha N Bismillah
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Heather F Higginbotham
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - William Trewby
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H C Bromley
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa-Jennifer Avestro
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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30
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Suzuki S, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Octaaryl Naphthalenes and Anthracenes with Different Substituents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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31
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Suzuki S, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Octaaryl Naphthalenes and Anthracenes with Different Substituents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15010-15013. [PMID: 28977724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of multiply arylated naphthalenes and anthracenes with eight different substituents has been accomplished. The key intermediates are tetraarylthiophene S-oxides, which are synthesized through a method involving sequential C-H arylation and cross-coupling from 3-methoxythiophene, followed by oxidation of the sulfur atom. The resulting tetraarylthiophene S-oxides can be converted into a tetraaryl benzynes or naphthalynes and then merged through [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with another tetraarylthiophene S-oxide, thereby resulting in the programmed synthesis of octaarylnaphthalenes and octaarylanthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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32
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Li Q, Li Z. The Strong Light-Emission Materials in the Aggregated State: What Happens from a Single Molecule to the Collective Group. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600484. [PMID: 28725526 PMCID: PMC5515118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The strong light emission of organic luminogens in the aggregated state is essential to their applications as optoelectronic materials with good performance. In this review, with respect to the aggregation-induced emission and room-temperature phosphorescence luminogens, the important role of molecular packing modes is highlighted. As demonstrated in the selected examples, the molecular packing status in the aggregate state is affected by many factors, including the molecular configurations, the inherent electronic properties, the special functional groups, and so on. With the consideration of all these parameters, the strong fluorescence and phosphorescence in the aggregated state could be achieved in the rationally designed organic luminogens, providing some guidance for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of ChemistryHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto‐Electronic MaterialsWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of ChemistryHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto‐Electronic MaterialsWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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33
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Abstract
Multiply arylated arenes are privileged structures with highly useful functions and fascinating optoelectronic and biological properties. This feature article reports the synthesis of fully arylated (hetero)arenes bearing more than two different aryl substituents and categorizes this emerging topic by the type of (hetero)arene core and the type of chemistry employed to install the (hetero)aryl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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34
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Kishi N. Rational Synthesis of Hexaarylbenzenes Possessing 5 or 6 Different Aryl Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Yang Y, Yuan L, Shan B, Liu Z, Miao Q. Twisted Polycyclic Arenes from Tetranaphthyldiphenylbenzenes by Controlling the Scholl Reaction with Substituents. Chemistry 2016; 22:18620-18627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Luyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Bowen Shan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong P.R. China
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36
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Grigalunas M, Wiest O, Helquist P. Single-Flask Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Substituted α-Pyrones via a Sequential Enolate Arylation and Alkenylation Strategy. Org Lett 2016; 18:5724-5727. [PMID: 27768319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Trisubstituted α-pyrones are obtained by a Pd-catalyzed three-component, single-flask operation via an α-arylation, subsequent α-alkenylation, alkene isomerization, and dienolate lactonization. A variety of coupling components under mild conditions afforded isolated yields of up to 93% of the pyrones with complete control of regioselectivity. Metal dependence was noted for three of the steps of the pathway. Utility of the pyrone products was demonstrated by further transformations providing convenient access to polyaromatic compounds, exhibiting broad molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States.,Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46566, United States
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37
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Lungerich D, Hitzenberger JF, Donaubauer W, Drewello T, Jux N. Three Short Stories about Hexaarylbenzene-Porphyrin Scaffolds. Chemistry 2016; 22:16755-16759. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jakob F. Hitzenberger
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Donaubauer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie &; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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38
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Vij V, Bhalla V, Kumar M. Hexaarylbenzene: Evolution of Properties and Applications of Multitalented Scaffold. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9565-627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vij
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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