1
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Jiao R, Liu N, Zong Z, Ke XS. A Triply Linked Copper(III) Dicarbacorrole Dimer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401240. [PMID: 38632105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A triply linked dicarbacorrole dimer (7) was synthesized from a new meso-meso singly linked dicarbacorrole dimer precursor (6) via an oxidative fusion reaction by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). Single crystal X-ray structure of 7 adopts a flat conformation with a length as ca. 15.946 Å and a width as 6.903 Å, which can be regarded as a short carbaporphyrinoid tape. Two coordinated Cu ions keeps the +3 oxidation state in 7, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This is in sharp contrast to the Osuka's triply linked tetrapyrrolic corrole dimers, where the inner 3NH form is not stable and thus can only act as a divalent ligand. Due to the non-aromatic nature of dicarbacorrole macrocycle, the largely decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and red-shifted absorption of 7 are best ascribed to the strong electronic interaction between two dipyrromethene-type chromophores. To our knowledge, this is the first fully fused carbaporphyrinoid dimer with β-β, meso-meso, β-β triply linkages prepared to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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2
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Wang K, Ito S, Ren S, Shimizu D, Fukui N, Kishi R, Liu Q, Osuka A, Song J, Shinokubo H. A Triply Linked Porphyrin-Norcorrole Hybrid with Singlet Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401233. [PMID: 38251909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Norcorrole Ni(II) complexes have recently received considerable attention because they are readily accessible antiaromatic molecules. Their high stability under ambient conditions and ease of synthesis have enabled the exploration of the intrinsic properties of antiaromatic molecules. Here, we report the synthesis and properties of meso-meso singly linked porphyrin-norcorrole hybrids and a triply linked porphyrin-norcorrole hybrid. The singly linked and triply linked porphyrin-norcorrole hybrids were fully characterized, including an X-ray structural analysis. Due to their orthogonal conformation, the singly linked hybrids maintain the individual electronic properties of their porphyrin and norcorrole subunits, while the triply linked hybrid shows a significantly smaller electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap (0.45 eV) than that of Ni(II) dimesitylnorcorrole (1.08 eV). Furthermore, the triply linked hybrid exhibits singlet diradical characteristics, as confirmed by VT NMR, ESR, and SQUID experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shuang Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
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3
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Hazari AS, Chandra S, Kar S, Sarkar B. Metal Complexes of Singly, Doubly and Triply Linked Porphyrins and Corroles: An Insight into the Physicochemical Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104550. [PMID: 35088477 PMCID: PMC9311859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of multi-porphyrins and multi-corroles are unique systems that display a host of extremely interesting properties. Availability of free meso and β positions allow formation of different types of directly linked bis-porphyrins giving rise to intriguing optical and electronic properties. While the fields of metalloporphyrin and corroles monomer have seen exponential growth in the last decades, the chemistry of metal complexes of bis-porphyrins and bis-corroles remain rather underexplored. Therefore, the impact of covalent linkages on the optical, electronic, (spectro)electrochemical, magnetic and electrocatalytic activities of metal complexes of bis-porphyrins and -corroles has been summarized in this review article. This article shows that despite the (still) somewhat difficult synthetic access to these molecules, their extremely exciting properties do make a strong case for pursuing research on these classes of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Singha Hazari
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical SciencesNational Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)Bhubaneswar752050India
- Homi Bhabha National InstituteTraining School ComplexMumbai400094(India)
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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4
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Nakai A, Kim J, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. Tetrabromo[36]octaphyrin: A Promising Precursor of Directly Fused Porphyrin(2.1.1.1) Dimer and
meso‐α
Fused N‐Confused Porphyrin Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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6
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Nakai A, Kim J, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. Tetrabromo[36]octaphyrin: A Promising Precursor of Directly Fused Porphyrin(2.1.1.1) Dimer and meso-α Fused N-Confused Porphyrin Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26540-26544. [PMID: 34609777 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
3,7,23,27-Tetrabromo[36]octaphyrin 2 was synthesized as a novel octaphyrin bearing two meso-free positions. Surprisingly, its ZnII and NiII complexation reactions produced a directly fused porphyrin(2.1.1.1) dimer 6, and a meso-α fused N-confused porphyrin (NCP) dimer 7, as the first example of NCP tape, respectively, via transannular C-C bond formation. While 6 exhibits a diatropic ring-current effect owing to the global 36π Möbius aromaticity, 7 shows a paratropic ring-current effect due to the global Hückel 36π antiaromaticity. In addition, the oxidation of 7 with PbO2 allowed for formation of its two-electron oxidized species 9 that exhibited a diatropic ring-current effect due to the global Hückel 34π aromaticity. This work has demonstrated that meso-free large expanded porphyrins can be a promising platform to produce novel fused porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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7
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Tanaka T, Ueto K, Osuka A. Development of Peripheral Functionalization Chemistry of meso-Free Corroles. Chemistry 2021; 27:15605-15615. [PMID: 34363279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive development of meso functionalization of porphyrins, that of corroles has been only rarely explored until the development of practical synthetic methods of meso -free corroles in 2015. Ready availability of meso -free corroles opened up meso -functionalization chemistry of corroles, giving rise to successful synthesis of various meso-substituted corroles such as meso -halogen, meso -nitro, meso -amino, meso -oxo, and meso iminocorroles as well as meso-meso linked corrole dimers and corrole tapes. In some cases, 2NH corroles existed as stable or transient radical species. The impacts of meso -functionalization on the structures, electronic properties, optical characteristics, and aromaticity are highlighted in this Minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Kento Ueto
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science, Department of Chemistry, Kita-shirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502, Kyoto, JAPAN
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8
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Ueta K, Kim J, Ooi S, Oh J, Shin J, Nakai A, Lim M, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. meso-Oxoisocorroles: Tunable Antiaromaticity by Metalation and Coordination of Lewis Acids as Well as Aromaticity Reversal in the Triplet Excited State. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7958-7967. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Juhyang Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Kumar Maurya Y, Wei P, Shimada T, Yamasumi K, Mori S, Furukawa K, Kusaba H, Ishihara T, Xie Y, Ishida M, Furuta H. Chiral Interlocked Corrole Dimers Directly Linked at Inner Carbon Atoms of Confused Pyrrole Rings. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:743-747. [PMID: 33624937 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic strategy towards conformationally stable chiral chromophores based on dimeric porphyrinoids has been established. A peculiar class of face-to-face intramolecularly interlocked corrole dimers were formed by the oxidative C-C coupling linked at the inner carbon sites upon simple treatment of copper(II) ions. Their intrinsic electronic structures were modulated by the peripheral corrole ring annulations, which lead to distinct optical properties and redox profiles. The stereogenic carbon centers implemented in the confused corrole skeleton provided a rationale for designing novel chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahide Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Ishihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Wang K, Osuka A, Song J. Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Strategy for Functional Porphyrin Arrays. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2159-2178. [PMID: 33376779 PMCID: PMC7760067 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin arrays are an important class of compounds to study interporphyrin electronic interactions that are crucial in determining the rates of energy transfer and electron transfer reactions. When the electronic interactions become stronger, porphyrin arrays exhibit significantly altered optical and electronic properties owing to large oscillator strength and flexible electronic nature of porphyrins. In addition, porphyrins accept various metal cation in their cavities and the interporphyrin interactions depend upon the coordinated metal. With these in the background, porphyrin arrays have been extensively explored as sensors, multielectron catalysts, photodynamic therapy reagents, artificial photosynthetic antenna, nonlinear optical materials, and so on. Here, we review the synthesis of porphyrin arrays by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which are quite effective to construct carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-nitrogen bonds in porphyrin substrates. Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions employed so far are Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, Sonogashira coupling reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Mizoroki-Heck reaction, Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reaction, and so on. In each case, the representative examples and synthetic advantages are discussed.
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11
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Ooi S, Adinarayana B, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable
meso
–
meso
‐Linked
2NH
‐Corrole Radical Dimers as a Key Intermediate to Corrole Tape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - B. Adinarayana
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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12
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Liu SY, Kawashima H, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. A 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer: an effectively conjugated antiaromatic dyad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6846-6849. [PMID: 32432636 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer are described. It adopts a highly planar structure, resulting in effective electronic interactions between the constituent norcorrole units. Nevertheless, each norcorrole unit exhibits substantial antiaromaticity, which stands in sharp contrast to stacked norcorrole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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13
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Ooi S, Adinarayana B, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable
meso
–
meso
‐Linked
2NH
‐Corrole Radical Dimers as a Key Intermediate to Corrole Tape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9423-9427. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - B. Adinarayana
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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14
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Lewtak JP, Koszarna B, Charyton MK, Gryko DT. Extending a porphyrin chromophore via fusion with naphthalene. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of meso-substituted porphyrins bearing electron-rich aromatics was the focus of investigation. The formation of C–C bond at [Formula: see text]-position for macrocycles bearing dimethoxynaphthalene moiety was achieved. It was established that Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O induced only single cyclodehydrogenation whereas Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] had the ability to remove four hydrogens and four electrons forming doubly-fused porphyrin. Both Fe(ClO[Formula: see text]O and Fe(OTf)[Formula: see text] were confirmed superior to FeCl[Formula: see text] as they ensured efficient oxidation process without concomitant chlorination of the products. We have proven that the trans-A[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text]-porphyrin with two indole moieties do not form any stable products under such reaction conditions. The single fusion with dimethoxynaphthalene moiety has a comparable effect on absorption spectra [Formula: see text]. the Q-band of Ni-complexes is shifted to 650 nm. The Ni-porphyrin fused with two naphthalene units had bathochromically shifted Q-bands to 733 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Lewtak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Central University of Technology, Free State, Dept. of Life Sciences, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek K. Charyton
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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16
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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17
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Orłowski R, Cichowicz G, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Schilf W, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Covalently Linked Bis(Amido-Corroles): Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bond-Driven Supramolecular Assembly. Chemistry 2019; 25:9658-9664. [PMID: 30990230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Four bis-corroles linked by diamide bridges were synthesized through peptide-type coupling of a trans-A2 B-corrole acid with aliphatic and aromatic diamines. In the solid state, the hydrogen-bond pattern in these bis-corroles is strongly affected by the type of solvent used in the crystallization process. Although intramolecular hydrogen bonds play a decisive role, they are supported by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and weak N-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions between molecules of toluene and the corrole cores. In an analogy to mono(amido-corroles), both in crystalline state and in solutions, the aliphatic or aromatic bridge is located directly above the corrole ring. When either ethylenediamine or 2,3-diaminonaphthalene are used as linkers, incorporation of polar solvents into the crystalline lattice causes a roughly parallel orientation of the corrole rings. At the same time, both NHCO⋅⋅⋅NH corrole hydrogen bonds are intramolecular. In contrast, solvation in toluene causes a distortion with one of the hydrogen bonds being intermolecular. Interestingly, intramolecular hydrogen bonds are always formed between the -NHCO- functionality located further from the benzene ring present at the position 10-meso. In solution, the hydrogen-bonds pattern of the bis(amido-corroles) is strongly affected by the type of the solvent. Compared with toluene (strongly high-field shifted signals), DMSO and pyridine disrupt self-assembly, whereas hexafluoroisopropanol strengthens intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka str., 01224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cichowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Staszewska-Krajewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka str., 01224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Schilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka str., 01224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka str., 01224, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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19
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Ooi S, Tanaka T, Ikeue T, Yamasumi K, Ueta K, Shimizu D, Ishida M, Furuta H, Osuka A. Bis-copper(II) Complex of Triply-linked Corrole Dimer and Its Dication. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1771-1776. [PMID: 30376217 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Copper complexes of corroles have recently been a subject of keen interest due to their ligand non-innocent character and unique redox properties. Here we investigated bis-copper complex of a triply-linked corrole dimer that serves as a pair of divalent metal ligands but can be reduced to a pair of trivalent metal ligands. Reaction of triply-linked corrole dimer 2 with Cu(acac)2 (acac=acetylacetonate) gave bis-copper(II) complex 2Cu as a highly planar molecule with a mean-plane deviation value of 0.020 Å, where the two copper ions were revealed to be divalent by ESR, SQUID, and XPS methods. Oxidation of 2Cu with two equivalents of AgBF4 gave complex 3Cu, which was characterized as a bis-copper(II) complex of a dicationic triply-linked corrole dimer not as the corresponding bis-copper(III) complex. In accord with this assignment, the structural parameters around the copper ions were revealed to be quite similar for 2Cu and 3Cu. Importantly, the magnetic spin-spin interaction differs depending on the redox-state of the ligand, being weak ferromagnetic in 2Cu and antiferromagnetic in 3Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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20
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Ooi S, Ueta K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Singly, Doubly, and Triply Linked Corrole Oligomers: Synthesis, Structures, and Linking Position Dependent Properties. Chempluschem 2019; 84:578-588. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Kento Ueta
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Japan
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21
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Ooi S, Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable Face-to-Face Singlet Diradicaloids: Triply Linked Corrole Dimer Gallium(III) Complexes with Two μ
-Hydroxo-Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14916-14920. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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22
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Ooi S, Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable Face-to-Face Singlet Diradicaloids: Triply Linked Corrole Dimer Gallium(III) Complexes with Two μ
-Hydroxo-Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto Japan
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24
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Ke XS, Hong Y, Lynch VM, Kim D, Sessler JL. Metal-Stabilized Quinoidal Dibenzo[g, p]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole System. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7579-7586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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25
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Fujimoto K, Osuka A. A 1,5-Naphthyridine-Fused Porphyrin Dimer: Intense NIR Absorption and Facile Redox Interconversion with Its Reduced Congener. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29536577 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PtII -catalyzed cyclization of β-to-β ethynylene-bridged meso-amino NiII porphyrin dimer 4 followed by oxidation with PbO2 afforded 1,5-naphthyridine-fused porphyrin dimer 5 in good yield. This dimer possesses a redox-active 1,4-diazabutadiene linkage that is interconvertible with its reduced 1,2-diaminoethene linkage upon treatments with NaBH4 or PbO2 . The dimer 5 exhibits an intense NIR absorption and a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with a remarkably low reduction potential mainly due to effective bonding interactions in the LUMO through the 1,4-diazabutadiene linkage. In contrast, the reduced dimer 7 is fairly electron-rich with high HOMO energy and shows a relatively large HOMO-LUMO gap compared to that of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. Porphyrinoids as a platform of stable radicals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1408-1423. [PMID: 29675188 PMCID: PMC5892410 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-innocent ligand nature of porphyrins was observed for compound I in enzymatic cycles of cytochrome P450. Such porphyrin radicals were first regarded as reactive intermediates in catabolism, but recent studies have revealed that porphyrinoids, including porphyrins, ring-contracted porphyrins, and ring-expanded porphyrins, display excellent radical-stabilizing abilities to the extent that radicals can be handled like usual closed-shell organic molecules. This review surveys four types of stable porphyrinoid radical and covers their synthetic methods and properties such as excellent redox properties, NIR absorption, and magnetic properties. The radical-stabilizing abilities of porphyrinoids stem from their unique macrocyclic conjugated systems with high electronic and structural flexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
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27
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Krzeszewski M, Swider P, Dobrzycki Ł, Cyrański MK, Danikiewicz W, Gryko DT. The role of steric hindrance in the intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11539-11542. [PMID: 27709209 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of steric hindrance triggers different reaction pathways in the intramolecular oxidative aromatic coupling of tetraaryl-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles and leads to the formation of a fluorene moiety and a new cationic π-system linked together by a spiro carbon atom. Computational studies elegantly rationalized these results. These previously unknown functional dyes emit red light with reasonable efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Swider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Warsaw University, Chemistry Department, Pasteura 1, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Warsaw University, Chemistry Department, Pasteura 1, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Okuda Y, Fukui N, Kim J, Kim T, Jiang HW, Copley G, Kitano M, Kim D, Osuka A. Ameso-mesoβ-β β-β Triply Linked Subporphyrin Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hua-Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Graeme Copley
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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29
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Okuda Y, Fukui N, Kim J, Kim T, Jiang HW, Copley G, Kitano M, Kim D, Osuka A. Ameso-mesoβ-β β-β Triply Linked Subporphyrin Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12317-12321. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Okuda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hua-Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Graeme Copley
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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30
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Orłowski R, Tasior M, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Dobrzycki Ł, Schilf W, Ventura B, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Hydrogen Bonds Involving Cavity NH Protons Drives Supramolecular Oligomerization of Amido-Corroles. Chemistry 2017; 23:10195-10204. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Schilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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31
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Ueta K, Naoda K, Ooi S, Tanaka T, Osuka A. meso
-Cumulenic 2H
-Corroles from meso
-Ethynyl-3H
-corroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Naoda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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32
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Ueta K, Naoda K, Ooi S, Tanaka T, Osuka A. meso
-Cumulenic 2H
-Corroles from meso
-Ethynyl-3H
-corroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7223-7226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Naoda
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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33
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Adinarayana B, Thomas AP, Satha P, Srinivasan A. Syntheses of Bipyricorroles and Their Meso-Meso Coupled Dimers. Org Lett 2017; 19:1986-1989. [PMID: 28368608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metal-templated condensation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of meso-free bipyricorrole complexes. The reactive meso-CH in the monomer complex is further treated with various oxidative coupling reagents such as AgPF6, AgOTf, and FeCl3. Unlike Ag(I) salts, the FeCl3 resulted in a meso-meso-linked corrole homologue dimer. The synthetic methodologies successfully introduce the PdII monomer as well as PdII-PdII dimeric complexes in the corrole chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute , Bhubaneswar, 752050 Odisha, India
| | - Ajesh P Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute , Bhubaneswar, 752050 Odisha, India
| | - Pardhasaradhi Satha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute , Bhubaneswar, 752050 Odisha, India
| | - A Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute , Bhubaneswar, 752050 Odisha, India
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34
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Tanaka T, Ooi S, Ide Y, Ikeue T, Suzuki M, Chen PP, Takahashi M, Osuka A. Different Antiferromagnetic Coupling between 5,5′‐ and 10,10′‐Linked Iron(III) Corrole Dimers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University 606‐8502 Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University 606‐8502 Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuki Ide
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690‐8504 Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690‐8504 Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Shimane University 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690‐8504 Japan
| | - Peter P.‐Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Research Center for Materials with Integrated Properties 274‐8510 Toho University Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University 606‐8502 Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto Japan
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35
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Bhowmik S, Kosa M, Mizrahi A, Fridman N, Saphier M, Stanger A, Gross Z. The Planar Cyclooctatetraene Bridge in Bis-Metallic Macrocycles: Isolating or Conjugating? Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2287-2296. [PMID: 28182414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A minor modification of the reported procedure for the synthesis of a corrole dimer that is fused by the cyclooctatetraene (COT) unit, (H3tpfc)2COT, allowed for its isolation in 18% yield. Of the two redox isomers that this interesting macrocycle does form, the current focus is on the reduced form, in which each subunit resembles that of monomeric corroles with a trianionic N4 coordination core. The corresponding bis-gallium(III) complex was prepared as an entry into the potentially rich coordination chemistry of (H3tpfc)2COT. Both X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations disclosed that the COT moiety is essentially planar with very unusual nonalternating C-C bonds. The same holds true for the bis-gallium(III) complexes [(Ga-tpfc)2]COT(py)2 and [(Ga-tpfc)2]COT(py)4, obtained with one and two pyridine molecules coordinated to each metal ion, respectively. The electronic spectra of both the free base and the gallium(III) complexes display an extremely low energy band (λmax at 720-724 nm), which points toward extensive π delocalization through the COT bridge. This aspect was fully addressed by examining the interactions between the two corrole subunits in terms of electrochemistry and DFT calculations of the oxidized and reduced macrocycle. The new near-IR bands that appear upon both oxidation (λmax 1250 nm) and reduction (λmax 1780 nm) serve as additional supporting evidence for this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Bhowmik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Monica Kosa
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Amir Mizrahi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel.,Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev , Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Magal Saphier
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev , Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Corrole Derivatives: Insights from Molecular Structures, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3798-3881. [PMID: 28191934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a comprehensive account of the electronic structure of corrole derivatives. Our knowledge in this area derives from a broad range of methods, including UV-vis-NIR absorption and MCD spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, vibrational spectroscopy, NMR and EPR spectroscopies, electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, the latter including both density functional theory and ab initio multiconfigurational methods. The review is organized according to the Periodic Table, describing free-base and main-group element corrole derivatives, then transition-metal corroles, and finally f-block element corroles. Like porphyrins, corrole derivatives with a redox-inactive coordinated atom follow the Gouterman four-orbital model. A key difference from porphyrins is the much wider prevalence of noninnocent electronic structures as well as full-fledged corrole•2- radicals among corrole derivatives. The most common orbital pathways mediating ligand noninnocence in transition-metal corroles are the metal(dz2)-corrole("a2u") interaction (most commonly observed in Mn and Fe corroles) and the metal(dx2-y2)-corrole(a2u) interaction in coinage metal corroles. Less commonly encountered is the metal(dπ)-corrole("a1u") interaction, a unique feature of formal d5 metallocorroles. Corrole derivatives exhibit a rich array of optical properties, including substituent-sensitive Soret maxima indicative of ligand noninnocence, strong fluorescence in the case of lighter main-group element complexes, and room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence in the case of several 5d metal complexes. The review concludes with an attempt at identifying gaps in our current knowledge and potential future directions of electronic-structural research on corrole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Gao D, Azarias C, D'Aléo A, Giorgi M, Siri O, Balaban TS, Jacquemin D, Canard G. Synthesis and Characterization of Ruffled Phosphorusmeso-Ester Corroles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; Centrale Marseille; 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Cloé Azarias
- Laboratoire CEISAM; Université de Nantes; CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes Cedex 03 France
| | - Anthony D'Aléo
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ; Spectropole; 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
| | | | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM; Université de Nantes; CNRS; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes Cedex 03 France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF); 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; CINaM; Campus de Luminy, Case 913 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 France
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Barata JFB, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS. Strategies for Corrole Functionalization. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3192-3253. [PMID: 28222602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the functionalization reactions of meso-arylcorroles, both at the inner core, as well as the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. Experimental details for the synthesis of all known metallocorrole types and for the N-alkylation reactions are presented. Key peripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sulfonation, and others are discussed in detail, particularly the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the participation of corroles in cycloaddition reactions as 2π or 4π components (covering Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions). Other functionalizations of corroles include a large diversity of reactions, namely Wittig reactions, reactions with methylene active compounds, formation of amines, amides, and imines, and metal catalyzed reactions. At the final section, the reactions involving oxidation and ring expansion of the corrole macrocycle are described comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F B Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
Corroles have come a long way from being a curiosity to being a mainstream research topic. They are now regularly synthesized in numerous research laboratories worldwide with diverse specific aims in mind. In this review we present a comprehensive description of corroles' synthesis, developed both before and after 1999. To aid the investigator in developing synthetic strategies, some of the sections culminate in tables containing comparisons of various methodologies leading to meso-substituted corroles. The remaining challenges are delineated. In the second part of this review, we also describe the syntheses of isocorroles and heteroanalogs of corroles such as triazacorroles (corrolazines), 10-heterocorroles, 21-heterocorroles, 22-heterocorroles, N-confused corroles, as well as norcorroles. The review is complemented with a short outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Berlicka A, Białek MJ, Latos-Grażyński L. A Parallel-Displaced Directly Linked 21-Carba-23-Thiaporphyrin Dimer Incorporating a Dihydrofulvalene Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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42
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Berlicka A, Białek MJ, Latos-Grażyński L. A Parallel-Displaced Directly Linked 21-Carba-23-Thiaporphyrin Dimer Incorporating a Dihydrofulvalene Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11231-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berlicka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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Zhang Y, Oh J, Wang K, Shin D, Zhan X, Zheng Y, Kim D, Jiang J. The first porphyrin–subphthalocyaninatoboron(iii)-fused hybrid with unique conformation and intramolecular charge transfer behavior. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10517-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first porphyrin–subphthalocyaninatoboron(iii)-fused hybrid with unique conformation and intramolecular charge-transfer behaviour has been isolated and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Dongju Shin
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Xiaopeng Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yingting Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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44
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Park KH, Ooi S, Kim T, Tanaka T, Osuka A, Kim D. Excited-state torsional relaxation dynamics of meso–meso directly linked corrole dimers: importance of linking position. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23374-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of linking position on the excited-state dynamics of meso-meso directly linked corrole dimers is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hyung Park
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
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