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Liu J, Zhu J, Yu H, Zhang Z, Wu G, Yao A, Pan L, Bao K, Cui T. Structural Phase Transition and Decomposition of XeF 2 under High Pressure and Its Formation of Xe-Xe Covalent Bonds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12248-12254. [PMID: 38874621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Noble gases with inert chemical properties have rich bonding modes under high pressure. Interestingly, Xe and Xe form covalent bonds, originating from the theoretical simulation of the pressure-induced decomposition of XeF2, which has yet to be experimentally confirmed. Moreover, the structural phase transition and metallization of XeF2 under high pressure have always been controversial. Therefore, we conducted extensive experiments using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the above issues of XeF2. We propose that XeF2 undergoes a structural phase transition and decomposition above 84.1 GPa after laser heating, and the decomposed product Xe2F contains Xe-Xe covalent bonds. Neither the pressure nor temperature alone could bring about these changes in XeF2. With our UV-vis absorption experiment, I4/mmm-XeF2 was metalized at 159 GPa. This work confirms the existence of Xe-Xe covalent bonds and provides insights into the controversy surrounding XeF2, enriching the research on noble gas chemistry under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Andong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kuo Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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2
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Tricoire M, Hsueh FC, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Siloxide tripodal ligands as a scaffold for stabilizing lanthanides in the +4 oxidation state. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6874-6883. [PMID: 38725506 PMCID: PMC11077534 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to isolate molecular complexes of lanthanides, other than cerium, in the +4 oxidation state remain elusive, with only four complexes of Tb(iv) isolated so far. Herein, we present a new approach for the stabilization of Tb(iv) using a siloxide tripodal trianionic ligand, which allows the control of unwanted ligand rearrangements, while tuning the Ln(iii)/Ln(iv) redox-couple. The Ln(iii) complexes, [LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(THF)3] (1-LnPh) and [K(toluene){LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)}] (2-LnPh) (Ln = Ce, Tb, Pr), of the (HOSiPh2Ar)3-arene ligand were prepared. The redox properties of these complexes were compared to those of the Ln(iii) analogue complexes, [LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(THF)] (1-LnOtBu) and [K(THF)6][LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (2-LnOtBu) (Ln = Ce, Tb), of the less electron-donating siloxide trianionic ligand, (HOSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene. The cyclic voltammetry studies showed a cathodic shift in the oxidation potential for the cerium and terbium complexes of the more electron-donating phenyl substituted scaffold (1-LnPh) compared to those of the tert-butoxy (1-LnOtBu) ligand. Furthermore, the addition of the -OSiPh3 ligand further shifts the potential cathodically, making the Ln(iv) ion even more accessible. Notably, the Ce(iv) complexes, [CeIV((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (3-CeOtBu) and [CeIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(THF)2] (3-CePh), were prepared by chemical oxidation of the Ce(iii) analogues. Chemical oxidation of the Tb(iii) and Pr(iii) complexes (2-LnPh) was also possible, in which the Tb(iv) complex, [TbIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(MeCN)2] (3-TbPh), was isolated and crystallographically characterized, yielding the first example of a Tb(iv) supported by a polydentate ligand. The versatility and robustness of these siloxide arene-anchored platforms will allow further development in the isolation of more oxidizing Ln(iv) ions, widening the breadth of high-valent Ln chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Xue T, Ding YS, Zheng Z. A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5779-5783. [PMID: 38482700 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of a Pr(IV) complex [Pr(OSiPh3)4(L)] (1, L = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine) are reported. The stability of the Pr(IV) complex significantly enhanced with the use of the bidentate ligand L. Slow magnetic relaxation was observed at low temperatures, indicating that the complex may be the first single-ion magnet with a tetravalent lanthanide ion being the magnetic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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4
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Guo Y, Jiang XL, Wu QY, Liu K, Wang W, Hu KQ, Mei L, Chai ZF, Gibson JK, Yu JP, Li J, Shi WQ. 4f/5d Hybridization Induced Single-Electron Delocalization in an Azide-Bridged Dicerium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7088-7096. [PMID: 38436238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dilanthanide complexes with one-electron delocalization are important targets for understanding the specific 4f/5d-bonding feature in lanthanide chemistry. Here, we report an isolable azide-bridged dicerium complex 3 [{(TrapenTMS)Ce}2(μ-N3)]• [Trapen = tris (2-aminobenzyl)amine; TMS = SiMe3], which is synthesized by the reaction of tripodal ligand-supported (TrapenTMS)CeIVCl complex 2 with NaN3. The structure and bonding nature of 3 are fully characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic measurement, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum-theoretical studies. Complex 3 presents a trans-bent central Ce-N3-Ce unit with a single electron of two mixed-valent Ce atoms. The unique low-temperature (2 K) anisotropic EPR signals [g = 1.135, 2.003, and 3.034] of 3 indicate that its spin density is distributed on the central Ce-N3-Ce unit with marked electron delocalization. Quantum chemical analyses show strong 4f/5d orbital mixing in the singly occupied molecular orbital of 3, which allows for the unpaired electron to extend throughout the cerium-azide-cerium unit via a multicentered one-electron (Ce-N3-Ce) interaction. This work extends the family of mixed-valent dilanthanide complexes and provides a paradigm for understanding the bonding motif of ligand-bridged dilanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Organolanthanide Complexes Containing Ln-CH 3 σ-bonds: Unexpectedly Similar Hydrolysis Rates for Trivalent and Tetravalent Organocerium. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18399-18413. [PMID: 37910232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the gas-phase preparation, isolation, and reactivity of a series of organolanthanides featuring the Ln-CH3 bond. The complexes are formed by decarboxylating anionic lanthanide acetates to form trivalent [LnIII(CH3)(CH3CO2)3]- (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu), divalent [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]-, and the first examples of tetravalent organocerium complexes featuring CeIV-Calkyl σ-bonds: [CeIV(O)(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- and [CeIV(O)(CH3)(NO3)2]-. Attempts to isolate PrIV-CH3 and TbIV-CH3 were unsuccessful; however, fragmentation patterns reveal that the oxidation of LnIII to a LnIV-oxo-acetate complex is more favorable for Ln = Pr than for Ln = Tb. The rate of Ln-CH3 hydrolysis is a measure of bond stability, and it decreases from LaIII-CH3 to LuIII-CH3, with increasing steric crowding for smaller Ln stabilizing the harder Ln-CH3 bond against hydrolysis. [EuII(CH3)(CH3CO2)2]- engages in a much faster hydrolysis versus LnIII-CH3. The surprising observation of similar hydrolysis rates for CeIV-CH3 and CeIII-CH3 is discussed with respect to sterics, the oxo ligand, and bond covalency in σ-bonded organolanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Xie B, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zeng JK. Structural and electronic properties of Ln2Si6q: (Sm, Eu, Yb; q = 0, −1) clusters. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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7
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Wang JQ, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the highest oxidation states of the actinoids in AnO 4 molecules (An = Ac - Cm): A DMRG-CASSCF study. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:190-198. [PMID: 35420170 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Actinoid tetroxide molecules AnO4 (An = Ac - Cm) are investigated with the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach. Natural orbital shapes are used to read out the oxidation state (OS) of the f-elements, and the atomic orbital energies and radii are used to explain the trends. The highest OSs reveal a "volcano"-type variation: For An = Ac - Np, the OSs are equal to the number of available valence electrons, that is, AcIII , ThIV , PaV , UVI , and NpVII . Starting with plutonium as the turning point, the highest OSs in the most stable AnO4 isomers then decrease as PuV , AmV , and CmIII , indicating that the 5f-electrons are hard to be fully oxidized off from Pu onward. The variations are related to the actinoid contraction and to the 5f-covalency characteristics. Combined with previous work on OSs, we review their general trends throughout the periodic table, providing fundamental understanding of OS-relevant phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing.,Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Biologie, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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8
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Hu HS, Li J. Norm-Conserving 4f-in-Core Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets Optimized for Trivalent Lanthanides (Ln = Ce-Lu). J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:82-96. [PMID: 36512750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present here a set of scalar-relativistic norm-conserving 4f-in-core pseudopotentials, together with complementary valence-shell Gaussian basis sets, for the lanthanide (Ln) series (Ce-Lu). The Goedecker, Teter, and Hutter (GTH) formalism is adopted with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. The 4f-in-core pseudopotentials are built through attributing 4f-subconfiguration 4fn (n = 1-14) for Ln (Ln = Ce-Lu) into the atomic core region, making it possible to circumvent the difficulty of the description of the open 4fn valence shell. A wide variety of computational benchmarks and tests have been carried out on lanthanide systems including Ln3+-containing molecular complexes, aqueous solutions, and bulk solids to validate the accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of the optimized 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets. The 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials successfully replicate the main features of lanthanide structural chemistry and reaction energetics, particularly for nonredox reactions. The chemical bonding features and solvation shells, hydrolysis energetics, acidity constants, and solid-state properties of selected lanthanide systems are also discussed in detail by utilizing these new 4f-in-core GTH pseudopotentials. This work bridges the idea of keeping highly localized 4f electrons in the atomic core and efficient pseudopotential formalism of GTH, thus providing a highly efficient approach for studying lanthanide chemistry in multi-scale modeling of constituent-wise and structurally complicated systems, including electronic structures of the condensed phase and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Zhen Y, Lin T, Chen H, Hu J, Hou X. Vapor Generation of Rare-Earth Elements via Reaction with Tetrahydroborate: Chemical Identities and Mechanisms of Formation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15176-15182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Rice NT, Popov IA, Carlson RK, Greer SM, Boggiano AC, Stein BW, Bacsa J, Batista ER, Yang P, La Pierre HS. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of a Pr 4+ imidophosphorane complex and the redox chemistry of Nd 3+ and Dy 3+ complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6696-6706. [PMID: 35412547 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular tetravalent oxidation state for praseodymium is observed in solution via oxidation of the anionic trivalent precursor [K][Pr3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (1-Pr(NP*)) with AgI at -35 °C. The Pr4+ complex is characterized in solution via cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy, and EPR spectroscopy. Electrochemical analyses of [K][Ln3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (Ln = Nd and Dy) by cyclic voltammetry are reported and, in conjunction with theoretical modeling of electronic structure and oxidation potential, are indicative of principal ligand oxidations in contrast to the metal-centered oxidation observed for 1-Pr(NP*). The identification of a tetravalent praseodymium complex in in situ UV-vis and EPR experiments is further validated by theoretical modeling of the redox chemistry and the UV-vis spectrum. The latter study was performed by extended multistate pair-density functional theory (XMS-PDFT) and implicates a multiconfigurational ground state for the tetravalent praseodymium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Rebecca K Carlson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA. .,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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11
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Sergentu DC, Autschbach J. X-ray absorption spectra of f-element complexes: insight from relativistic multiconfigurational wavefunction theory. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1754-1764. [PMID: 35022645 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, coupled with ab initio calculations, has emerged as the state-of-the-art tool for elucidating the metal-ligand bonding in f-element complexes. This highlight presents recent efforts in calculating XANES spectra of lanthanide and actinide compounds with relativistic multiconfiguration wavefunction approaches that account for differences in donation bonding in the ground state (GS) versus a core-excited state (ES), multiplet effects, and spin-orbit-coupling. With the GS and ES wavefunctions available, including spin-orbit effects, an arsenal of chemical bonding tools that are popular among chemists can be applied to rationalize the observed intensities in terms of covalent bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
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12
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Wedal JC, Evans WJ. A Rare-Earth Metal Retrospective to Stimulate All Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18354-18367. [PMID: 34677044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formulating insightful questions and experiments is crucial to the advancement of science. The purpose of this Perspective is to encourage scientists in all areas of chemistry to ask more "What if?" questions: What if we tried this experiment? What if we used these conditions? What if that idea is not correct? To stimulate this thinking, a retrospective analysis of a specific field, in this case rare-earth metal chemistry, is presented that describes the "What if?" questions that could have and should have been asked earlier based on our current knowledge. The goal is to provide scientists with a historical perspective of discovery that exemplifies how previous views in chemistry were often narrowed by predominant beliefs in principles that were incorrect. The same situation is likely to exist today, but we do not realize the limitations! Hopefully, this analysis can be used as a springboard for posing important "What if?" questions that should be asked right now in every area of chemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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13
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Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) elements are generally found in the oxidation state +II or +III, and a few examples of +IV and +V compounds have also been reported. In contrast, monovalent Ln(+I) complexes remain scarce. Here we combine photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study Ln-doped octa-boron clusters (LnB8−, Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Tm, Yb) with the rare +I oxidation state. The global minimum of the LnB8− species changes from Cs to C7v symmetry accompanied by an oxidation-state change from +III to +I from the early to late lanthanides. All the C7v-LnB8− clusters can be viewed as a monovalent Ln(I) coordinated by a η8-B82− doubly aromatic ligand. The B73−, B82−, and B9− series of aromatic boron clusters are analogous to the classical aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, C5H5−, C6H6, and C7H7+, respectively, with similar trends of size and charge state and they are named collectively as “borozenes”. Lanthanides with variable oxidation states and magnetic properties may be formed with different borozenes. The most common oxidation state for lanthanides is +3. Here the authors use photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study half-sandwich complexes where a lanthanide center in the oxidation state +1 is bound to an aromatic wheel-like B82- ligand.
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14
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Infrared spectroscopic and density functional theoretical study on the binary rhodium–oxygen Rh2O9+ cation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Liu M, Li H, Bai L, Zheng K, Zhao Z, Chen Z, Ng SW, Ding L, Zeng C. Real-time and visual sensing devices based on pH-control assembled lanthanide-barium nano-cluster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125291. [PMID: 33588337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Real-time and visual monitoring of pollutants in the air is of great importance since they are usually cannot be seen, smelled, or touched. Lanthanide nano-cluster is a kind of luminescent sensor for various species. However, controlling synthesis of lanthanide nano-cluster remains experimentally challenging. In this work, four series of lanthanide-barium (Ln-Ba) nano-clusters of Dy2Ba (1), Tb2Ba2 (2), Ln4Ba3 (Ln = Tb, 3a; Eu, 3b), Tb4Ba4 (4) were assembled through precisely controlling the pH of the reactant solutions. The work features the first example that the number of cluster's nuclei changes regularly with the pH. Moreover, investigation reveals that nano-cluster 3a is a highly selective and sensitive sensor towards acetylacetone (acac) and aniline. Interestingly, easy-to-use sensing devices of test paper, agarose gel, and five kinds of film on CaCO3, polyfoam, coin, mask, and wall that based on 3a were fabricated by facile methods. The seven sensing devices showed remarkable ability to sense aniline and acac vapors with visibility to the naked eyes. This is the first work on multiple real-time and visual sensing devices based on the lanthanide nano-cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Haoran Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Puncak Menara Gading 1, 56000 Bandar Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liwen Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China
| | - Chenghui Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Ultra Fine Powder Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, PR China.
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16
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Lu JB, Cantu DC, Xu CQ, Nguyen MT, Hu HS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Li J. Norm-Conserving Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets to Explore Actinide Chemistry in Complex Environments. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3360-3371. [PMID: 34032441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new set of norm-conserving pseudopotentials and companion Gaussian basis sets for the actinide (An) series (Ac-Lr) using the Goedecker, Teter, and Hutter (GTH) formalism with the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional of generalized gradient approximation. To test the accuracy and reliability of the newly parameterized An-GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets, a variety of benchmarks on actinide-containing molecules were carried out and compared to all-electron and available experimental results. The new pseudopotentials include both medium- ([Xe]4f14) and large-core ([Xe]4f145d10) options that successfully reproduce the structures and energetics, particularly redox processes. The medium-core size set, in particular, reproduces all-electron calculations over multiple oxidation states from 0 to VII, whereas the large-core set is suitable only for the early series elements and low oxidation states. The underlying reason for these transferability issues is discussed in detail. This work fills a critical void in the literature for studying the chemistry of 5f-block elements in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - David C Cantu
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic and Applied Molecular Foundations, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Pu Z, Qin J, Ao B, Dong H, Shuai M, Li F. Intermediates of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Praseodymium Monoxide Molecules: Insights from Matrix-Isolation IR Spectroscopy and Quantum-Chemical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7660-7669. [PMID: 34018728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying reaction intermediates in gas-phase investigations will provide understanding for the related catalysts in fundamental aspects including bonding interactions of the reaction species, oxidation states (OSs) of the anchored atoms, and reaction mechanisms. Herein, carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation by praseodymium monoxide (PrO) molecules has been investigated as a model reaction in solid argon using matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. Two reaction intermediates, OPr(η1-CO) and OPr(η2-CO), have been trapped and characterized in argon matrixes. The intermediate OPr(η2-CO) shows an extremely low C-O stretching band at 1624.5 cm-1. Quantum-chemistry studies indicate that the bonding in OPr(η1-CO) is described as "donor-acceptor" interactions conforming to the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson motif. However, the bonding in OPr(η2-CO) results evidently from a combination of dominant ionic forces and normal Lewis "acid-base" interactions. The electron density of the singly occupied bonding orbital is strongly polarized to the CO fragment in OPr(η2-CO). Electronic structure analysis suggests that the two captured species exhibit Pr(III) OSs. Besides, the pathways of CO oxidation have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mailbox No. 9-21, Huafengxincun, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Qin
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, Sichuan, China
| | - Haopeng Dong
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mailbox No. 9-21, Huafengxincun, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maobing Shuai
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mailbox No. 9-21, Huafengxincun, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Middle Section of Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P.R. China
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18
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Cao C, Vernon RE, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables. Front Chem 2021; 8:813. [PMID: 33490030 PMCID: PMC7818537 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical elements are the "conserved principles" or "kernels" of chemistry that are retained when substances are altered. Comprehensive overviews of the chemistry of the elements and their compounds are needed in chemical science. To this end, a graphical display of the chemical properties of the elements, in the form of a Periodic Table, is the helpful tool. Such tables have been designed with the aim of either classifying real chemical substances or emphasizing formal and aesthetic concepts. Simplified, artistic, or economic tables are relevant to educational and cultural fields, while practicing chemists profit more from "chemical tables of chemical elements." Such tables should incorporate four aspects: (i) typical valence electron configurations of bonded atoms in chemical compounds (instead of the common but chemically atypical ground states of free atoms in physical vacuum); (ii) at least three basic chemical properties (valence number, size, and energy of the valence shells), their joint variation across the elements showing principal and secondary periodicity; (iii) elements in which the (sp)8, (d)10, and (f)14 valence shells become closed and inert under ambient chemical conditions, thereby determining the "fix-points" of chemical periodicity; (iv) peculiar elements at the top and at the bottom of the Periodic Table. While it is essential that Periodic Tables display important trends in element chemistry we need to keep our eyes open for unexpected chemical behavior in ambient, near ambient, or unusual conditions. The combination of experimental data and theoretical insight supports a more nuanced understanding of complex periodic trends and non-periodic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - W. H. Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Dose B, Ross C, Niehs SP, Scherlach K, Bauer JP, Hertweck C. Food-Poisoning Bacteria Employ a Citrate Synthase and a Type II NRPS To Synthesize Bolaamphiphilic Lipopeptide Antibiotics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21535-21540. [PMID: 32780428 PMCID: PMC7756705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mining the genome of the food-spoiling bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans revealed five nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, including an orphan gene locus (bol). Gene inactivation and metabolic profiling linked the bol gene cluster to novel bolaamphiphilic lipopeptides with antimycobacterial activity. A combination of chemical analysis and bioinformatics elucidated the structures of bolagladin A and B, lipocyclopeptides featuring an unusual dehydro-β-alanine enamide linker fused to an unprecedented tricarboxylic fatty acid tail. Through a series of targeted gene deletions, we proved the involvement of a designated citrate synthase (CS), priming ketosynthases III (KS III), a type II NRPS, including a novel desaturase for enamide formation, and a multimodular NRPS in generating the cyclopeptide. Network analyses revealed the evolutionary origin of the CS and identified cryptic CS/NRPS gene loci in various bacterial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dose
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Claudia Ross
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Sarah P. Niehs
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Johanna P. Bauer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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20
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Xiao Y, Zhao XK, Wu T, Miller JT, Hu HS, Li J, Huang W, Diaconescu PL. Distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions in inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:227-238. [PMID: 34168742 PMCID: PMC8179684 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized by the reduction of their trivalent halide precursors with potassium graphite in the presence of biphenyl. While the samarium complex had a similar structure as previously reported rare earth metal biphenyl complexes, with the two samarium ions bound to the same phenyl ring, the ytterbium counterpart adopted a different structure, with the two ytterbium ions bound to different phenyl rings. Upon the addition of crown ether to encapsulate the potassium ions, the inverse-sandwich samarium biphenyl structure remained intact; however, the ytterbium biphenyl structure fell apart with the concomitant formation of a divalent ytterbium crown ether complex and potassium biphenylide. Spectroscopic and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the electronic structures and bonding interactions of these samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes. While the ytterbium ions were found to be divalent with a 4f14 electron configuration and form a primarily ionic bonding interaction with biphenyl dianion, the samarium ions were in the trivalent state with a 4f5 electron configuration and mainly utilized the 5d orbitals to form a δ-type bonding interaction with the π* orbitals of the biphenyl tetraanion, showing covalent character. Inverse-sandwich samarium and ytterbium biphenyl complexes were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Combined experimental and computational studies indicated that they have distinct electronic structures and bonding interactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianpin Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Application, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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21
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Dau PD, Vasiliu M, Wilson RE, Dixon DA, Gibson JK. Hydrolysis of Metal Dioxides Differentiates d-block from f-block Elements: Pa(V) as a 6d Transition Metal; Pr(V) as a 4f “Lanthanyl”. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9272-9287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Richard E. Wilson
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Steinborn C, Wildermuth RE, Barber DM, Magauer T. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cornexistin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17282-17285. [PMID: 32558114 PMCID: PMC7540023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of (+)-cornexistin as well as its 8-epi-isomer starting from malic acid. The robust and scalable route features a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, an auxiliary-controlled syn-Evans-aldol reaction, and a highly efficient intramolecular alkylation to form the nine-membered carbocycle. The delicate maleic anhydride moiety of the nonadride skeleton was constructed from a β-keto nitrile. The developed route enabled the synthesis of 165 mg (+)-cornexistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & ImmunologyAstraZeneca43183MölndalSweden
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control ChemistryBayer AG, Crop Science DivisionIndustriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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23
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Balasubramani SG, Chen GP, Coriani S, Diedenhofen M, Frank MS, Franzke YJ, Furche F, Grotjahn R, Harding ME, Hättig C, Hellweg A, Helmich-Paris B, Holzer C, Huniar U, Kaupp M, Marefat Khah A, Karbalaei Khani S, Müller T, Mack F, Nguyen BD, Parker SM, Perlt E, Rappoport D, Reiter K, Roy S, Rückert M, Schmitz G, Sierka M, Tapavicza E, Tew DP, van Wüllen C, Voora VK, Weigend F, Wodyński A, Yu JM. TURBOMOLE: Modular program suite for ab initio quantum-chemical and condensed-matter simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184107. [PMID: 32414256 PMCID: PMC7228783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TURBOMOLE is a collaborative, multi-national software development project aiming to provide highly efficient and stable computational tools for quantum chemical simulations of molecules, clusters, periodic systems, and solutions. The TURBOMOLE software suite is optimized for widely available, inexpensive, and resource-efficient hardware such as multi-core workstations and small computer clusters. TURBOMOLE specializes in electronic structure methods with outstanding accuracy-cost ratio, such as density functional theory including local hybrids and the random phase approximation (RPA), GW-Bethe-Salpeter methods, second-order Møller-Plesset theory, and explicitly correlated coupled-cluster methods. TURBOMOLE is based on Gaussian basis sets and has been pivotal for the development of many fast and low-scaling algorithms in the past three decades, such as integral-direct methods, fast multipole methods, the resolution-of-the-identity approximation, imaginary frequency integration, Laplace transform, and pair natural orbital methods. This review focuses on recent additions to TURBOMOLE's functionality, including excited-state methods, RPA and Green's function methods, relativistic approaches, high-order molecular properties, solvation effects, and periodic systems. A variety of illustrative applications along with accuracy and timing data are discussed. Moreover, available interfaces to users as well as other software are summarized. TURBOMOLE's current licensing, distribution, and support model are discussed, and an overview of TURBOMOLE's development workflow is provided. Challenges such as communication and outreach, software infrastructure, and funding are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Ganesh Balasubramani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Guo P Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Build. 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Marius S Frank
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filipp Furche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Robin Grotjahn
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arnim Hellweg
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Helmich-Paris
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Huniar
- Dassault Systèmes Deutschland GmbH, Imbacher Weg 46, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Marefat Khah
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Müller
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich Supercomputer Centre, Wilhelm-Jonen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P.O. Box 6980, 76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Brian D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Shane M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Eva Perlt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Dmitrij Rappoport
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus North, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Matthias Rückert
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Universitet, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marek Sierka
- TURBOMOLE GmbH, Litzenhardtstraße 19, 76135 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, USA
| | - David P Tew
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstaße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Staße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus North, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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24
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Smiles DE, Batista ER, Booth CH, Clark DL, Keith JM, Kozimor SA, Martin RL, Minasian SG, Shuh DK, Stieber SCE, Tyliszczak T. The duality of electron localization and covalency in lanthanide and actinide metallocenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2796-2809. [PMID: 34084340 PMCID: PMC8157540 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous magnetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of cerocene, Ce(C8H8)2, have provided evidence for non-negligible 4f-electron density on Ce and implied that charge transfer from the ligands occurs as a result of covalent bonding. Strong correlations of the localized 4f-electrons to the delocalized ligand π-system result in emergence of Kondo-like behavior and other quantum chemical phenomena that are rarely observed in molecular systems. In this study, Ce(C8H8)2 is analyzed experimentally using carbon K-edge and cerium M5,4-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS), and computationally using configuration interaction (CI) calculations and density functional theory (DFT) as well as time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Both spectroscopic approaches provide strong evidence for ligand → metal electron transfer as a result of Ce 4f and 5d mixing with the occupied C 2p orbitals of the C8H8 2- ligands. Specifically, the Ce M5,4-edge XAS and CI calculations show that the contribution of the 4f1, or Ce3+, configuration to the ground state of Ce(C8H8)2 is similar to strongly correlated materials such as CeRh3 and significantly larger than observed for other formally Ce4+ compounds including CeO2 and CeCl6 2-. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-simulated C K-edge XAS provide unequivocal evidence for C 2p and Ce 4f covalent orbital mixing in the δ-antibonding orbitals of e2u symmetry, which are the unoccupied counterparts to the occupied, ligand-based δ-bonding e2u orbitals. The C K-edge peak intensities, which can be compared directly to the C 2p and Ce 4f orbital mixing coefficients determined by DFT, show that covalency in Ce(C8H8)2 is comparable in magnitude to values reported previously for U(C8H8)2. An intuitive model is presented to show how similar covalent contributions to the ground state can have different impacts on the overall stability of f-element metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil E Smiles
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Corwin H Booth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - David L Clark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | | | - David K Shuh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | | | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
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25
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Arnold PL, Wang K, Gray SJ, Moreau LM, Booth CH, Curcio M, Wells JAL, Slawin AMZ. Dicerium letterbox-shaped tetraphenolates: f-block complexes designed for two-electron chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:877-884. [PMID: 31859325 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare examples of molecular, dinuclear CeIII and PrIII complexes with robust Ln-coordination are accessible by use of the tetraphenolate pTP as a supporting, chelating O-donor ligand platform, pTP = [{2-(OC6H2R2-2,4)2CH}-C6H4-1,4]4- that favours the higher formal oxidation states accessible to rare earths. Two classes of complexes have been made from the platforms; one metallacyclic 2 + 2 [Ln2(pTP)2] framework with a rigid, letterbox-shaped geometry and [Ln(aryloxide)4] core, and one more flexible [(LnX)2(pTP)] with one rare earth ion at either end of the platform. The LnIII letterbox complexes have two K+ counter-cations, one of which sits inside the letterbox, binding the two central arenes of the platform sufficiently strongly that it cannot be displaced by solvent molecules (THF and pyridine) or crown ethers. Oxidation of the CeIII lettterboxes is facile and forms the unusual neutral molecular (CeIV)2 letterbox in which the CeIV reduction potential is -1.83 V vs. Fc/Fc+. The electronic structure of the Ce(iii/iv) complexes was investigated using HERFD-XAS (high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly L Arnold
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
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26
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Gompa TP, Ramanathan A, Rice NT, La Pierre HS. The chemical and physical properties of tetravalent lanthanides: Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15945-15987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermochemistry, descriptive chemistry, spectroscopy, and physical properties of the tetravalent lanthanides (Pr, Nd, Tb and Dy) in extended phases, gas phase, solution, and as isolable molecular complexes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaige P. Gompa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Arun Ramanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Natalie T. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program
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27
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Zhang WJ, Wang GJ, Zhang P, Zou W, Hu SX. The decisive role of 4f-covalency in the structural direction and oxidation state of XPrO compounds (X: group 13 to 17 elements). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27746-27756. [PMID: 33242323 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04700g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide oxo compounds are of vital importance in lanthanide chemistry, as well as in environmental and materials sciences. Praseodymium, as an exceptional element in lanthanides which can form a +V formal oxidation state (OSf) besides the dominant +III among the 4f-block element, displays the significant participation of the Pr 4f orbitals in bonding interactions which is commonly crucial in stabilizing the high oxidation state of Pr in PrO2+ and NPrO species. Here, we report a systematic theoretical study on the structures and stabilities of a series of XPrO (X: B, Al, C, Si, N, P, As, O, S, F, Cl) compounds along with [XPrO]+ cation (X: O, S) and [X3PrO] complexes (X: F and Cl). This work reveals that Pr is able to achieve the lowest and highest OSf and the OSf exhibits periodic variation from +I in BOPr and AlOPr to +II in SiOPr to +III in CPrO, FPrO, ClPrO and AsPrO to +IV in OPrO and SPrO and even to +V in NPrO, [OPrO]+, [SPrO]+, F3PrO and Cl3PrO. We found that the molecular structures are correlated to the Pr oxidation state due to the highly important 4f orbital in the chemical bonding of the high oxidation state compounds. Thus, not only the electronegativity of the ligand but also the quasi-degenerate Pr valence 4f orbitals, namely energetic covalency, control the oxidation state and play a fundamental role in affecting the electronic structural stability of Pr(v) compounds as well. This work demonstrates the structurally directing role of the f-orbital in the formation of the linear structure and is constructive for achieving the higher oxidation state of a given element by tuning the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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28
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Wang CX, Li Y, Li ZF, Liu ZJ, Valeev EF, Moskaleva LV. Combined Relativistic Ab Initio Multireference and Experimental Study of the Electronic Structure of Terbium Luminescent Compound. J Phys Chem A 2019; 124:82-89. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Edward F. Valeev
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lyudmila V. Moskaleva
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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29
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Mason JL, Harb H, Topolski JE, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Exceptionally Complex Electronic Structures of Lanthanide Oxides and Small Molecules. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3265-3273. [PMID: 31702894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) oxide clusters and molecular systems provide a bottom-up look at the electronic structures of the bulk materials because of close parallels in the patterns of Ln 4fN subshell occupancy between the molecular and bulk Ln2O3 size limits. At the same time, these clusters and molecules offer a challenge to the theory community to find appropriate and robust treatments for the 4fN patterns across the Ln series. Anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy provides a powerful experimental tool for studying these systems, mapping the energies of the ground and low-lying excited states of the neutral relative to the initial anion state, providing spectroscopic patterns that reflect the Ln 4fN occupancy. In this Account, we review our anion PE spectroscopic and computational studies on a range of small lanthanide molecules and cluster species. The PE spectra of LnO- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu) diatomic molecules show spectroscopic signatures associated with detachment of an electron from what can be described as a diffuse Ln 6s-like orbital. While the spectra of all four diatomics share this common transition, the fine structure in the transition becomes more complex with increasing 4f occupancy. This effect reflects increased coupling between the electrons occupying the corelike 4f and diffuse 6s orbitals with increasing N. Understanding the PE spectra of these diatomics sets the stage for interpreting the spectra of polyatomic molecular and cluster species. In general, the results confirm that the partial 4fN subshell occupancy is largely preserved between molecular and bulk oxides and borides. However, they also suggest that surfaces and edges of bulk materials may support a low-energy, diffuse Ln 6s band, in contrast to bulk interiors, in which the 6s band is destabilized relative to the 5d band. We also identify cases in which the molecular Ln centers have 4fN+1 occupancy rather than bulklike 4fN, which results in weaker Ln-O bonding. Specifically, Sm centers in mixed Ce-Sm oxides or in SmxOy- (y ≤ x) clusters have this higher 4fN+1 occupancy. The PE spectra of these particular species exhibit a striking increase in the relative intensities of excited-state transitions with decreasing photon energy (resulting in lower photoelectron kinetic energy). This is opposite of what is expected on the basis of the threshold laws that govern photodetachment. We relate this phenomenon to strong electron-neutral interactions unique to these complex electronic structures. The time scale of the interaction, which shakes up the electronic configuration of the neutral, increases with decreasing electron momentum. From a computational standpoint, we point out that special care must be taken when considering Ln cluster and molecular systems toward the center of the Ln series (e.g., Sm, Eu), where treatment of electrons explicitly or using an effective core potential can yield conflicting results on competing subshell occupancies. However, despite the complex electronic structures associated with partially filled 4fN subshells, we demonstrate that inexpensive and tractable calculations yield useful qualitative insight into the general electronic structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hassan Harb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Chemical Computation and Theory, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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30
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Rice NT, Su J, Gompa TP, Russo DR, Telser J, Palatinus L, Bacsa J, Yang P, Batista ER, La Pierre HS. Homoleptic Imidophosphorane Stabilization of Tetravalent Cerium. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5289-5304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Su
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Lukas Palatinus
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 6, Czechia
| | | | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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31
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Chen Y, Xin K, Jin J, Li W, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang G. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopic investigation of TMO(CO) n+ (TM = Sc, Y, La): testing the 18-electron rule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6743-6749. [PMID: 30860207 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07748g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous TMO(CO)n+ (TM = Sc, Y, La) complex cations prepared via laser vaporization were mass-selected and studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-O stretching frequency region. The structures and vibrational frequencies were calculated by density functional theory to support and interpret the experimental results. The saturated coordination number of CO ligands for ScO(CO)n+, YO(CO)n+ and LaO(CO)n+ was demonstrated to be six, seven and nine, respectively, namely, the nominal 18-, 20- and 24-electron gaseous cation complexes were synthesized. Based on our analysis of the electronic structure, the YO(CO)7+ complex also obeys the 18-electron rule, since one of the occupied valence molecular orbitals is formed only by ligand orbitals. The contribution of 4f orbitals in LaO(CO)9+ accounts for its high coordination number with a 24-electron valence shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ke Xin
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
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32
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Jin J, Pan S, Jin X, Lei S, Zhao L, Frenking G, Zhou M. Octacarbonyl Anion Complexes of the Late Lanthanides Ln(CO) 8 - (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) and the 32-Electron Rule. Chemistry 2019; 25:3229-3234. [PMID: 30566753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lanthanide octacarbonyl anion complexes Ln(CO)8 - (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) were produced in the gas phase and detected by mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching-frequency region. By comparison of the experimental CO-stretching frequencies with calculated data, which are strongly red-shifted with respect to free CO, the Yb(CO)8 - and Lu(CO)8 - complexes were determined to possess octahedral (Oh ) symmetry and a doublet X2 A2u (Yb) and singlet X1 A1g (Lu) electronic ground state, whereas Tm(CO)8 - exhibits a D4h equilibrium geometry and a triplet X3 B1g ground state. The analysis of the electronic structures revealed that the metal-CO attractive forces come mainly from covalent orbital interactions, which are dominated by [Ln(d)]→(CO)8 π backdonation and [Ln(d)]←(CO)8 σ donation (contributes ≈77 and 16 % to covalent bonding, respectively). The metal f orbitals play a very minor role in the bonding. The electronic structure of all three lanthanide complexes obeys the 32-electron rule if only those electrons that occupy the valence orbitals of the metal are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular, Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for, Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of, Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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33
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34
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Ao B, Lu H, Yang Z, Qiu R, Hu SX. Unraveling the highest oxidation states of actinides in solid-state compounds with a particular focus on plutonium. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4732-4737. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of the highest oxidation states (HOSs) in solid-state actinide compounds are still unexplored compared with those of small molecules, and there is burgeoning interest in studying the actinide–ligand bonding nature in the condensed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Ao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Zhenfei Yang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Ruizhi Qiu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory
- Mianyang 621908
- China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center
- Beijing 100193
- China
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35
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Abstract
Both multisize and multiweight effects are proposed to characterize multiscale rare earth crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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36
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Monteiro B, Bandeira NAG, Lourenço C, Lucena AF, Carretas JM, Gibson JK, Marçalo J. Chemical evidence of the stability of praseodymium(v) in gas-phase oxide nitrate complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14139-14142. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The diverse gas-phase reactivity of [LnO2(NO3)2]− complexes with water (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd), examined in a quadrupole ion trap and complemented by ab initio computations, illuminates the chemical stability of Pr in the unusual +5 oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Monteiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela
- Portugal
| | - Nuno A. G. Bandeira
- BioISI and Centro de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Célia Lourenço
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela
- Portugal
| | - Ana F. Lucena
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela
- Portugal
| | - José M. Carretas
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela
- Portugal
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 2695-066 Bobadela
- Portugal
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37
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Chen X, Chen TT, Li WL, Lu JB, Zhao LJ, Jian T, Hu HS, Wang LS, Li J. Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB3– and PrB4– Boride Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:411-418. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Teng-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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38
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Glätzle M, Janka O, Svitlyk V, Chernyshov D, Bartsch M, Zacharias H, Pöttgen R, Huppertz H. The High-Pressure Oxide Tb 3 O 5 and its Non-Centrosymmetric Low-Temperature Polymorph-A Comprehensive Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:15236-15245. [PMID: 30133951 PMCID: PMC6220859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the first thoroughly characterized mixed-valent binary rare earth oxide synthesized under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions, and its low-temperature polymorph are reported. Crystalline HT-HP-Tb3 O5 has been prepared from an equimolar mixture of Tb4 O7 and Tb2 O3 under reaction conditions of 8 GPa and 1323 K. Single-crystal X-ray structure determination showed that HT-HP-Tb3 O5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, isopointal to the β-Yb5 Sb3 -type structure. Temperature-dependent measurements of the magnetic susceptibility showed that HT-HP-Tb3 O5 is a Curie-Weiss paramagnet. The observed effective magnetic moment of μeff =9.21(2) μB per formula unit fits well to the calculated moment of μcalc =9.17 μB . Low-field measurements revealed antiferromagnetic ordering at TN =3.6(1) K. Heat capacity measurements indicated an intrinsic structural phase transition of HT-HP-Tb3 O5 at low temperature, which was confirmed by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data recorded at 2 K. The metastable high-pressure modification HT-HP-Tb3 O5 undergoes a translationengleiche transition from space group Pnma to Pn21 a (non-standard setting of Pna21 ), leading to the low-temperature polymorph LT-HP-Tb3 O5 by loss of a mirror plane (displacive phase transition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Glätzle
- Institut für AllgemeineAnorganische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Oliver Janka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | | | | | - Manfred Bartsch
- Center for Soft NanoscienceUniversität MünsterBusso-Peus-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft NanoscienceUniversität MünsterBusso-Peus-Strasse 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieUniversität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institut für AllgemeineAnorganische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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39
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Li WL, Ertural C, Bogdanovski D, Li J, Dronskowski R. Chemical Bonding of Crystalline LnB6 (Ln = La–Lu) and Its Relationship with Ln2B8 Gas-Phase Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12999-13008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Christina Ertural
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Bogdanovski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Richard Dronskowski
- Chair of Solid-State and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Kovács A, Dau PD, Marçalo J, Gibson JK. Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9453-9467. [PMID: 30040397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pentavalent actinyl nitrate complexes AnVO2(NO3)2- were produced by elimination of two NO2 from AnIII(NO3)4- for An = Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, and Cf. Density functional theory (B3LYP) and relativistic multireference (CASPT2) calculations confirmed the AnO2(NO3)2- as AnVO2+ actinyl moieties coordinated by nitrates. Computations of alternative AnIIIO2(NO3)2- and AnIVO2(NO3)2- revealed significantly higher energies. Previous computations for bare AnO2+ indicated AnVO2+ for An = Pu, Am, Cf, and Bk, but CmIIIO2+: electron donation from nitrate ligands has here stabilized the first CmV complex, CmVO2(NO3)2-. Structural parameters and bonding analyses indicate increasing An-NO3 bond covalency from Pu to Cf, in accordance with principles for actinide separations. Atomic ionization energies effectively predict relative stabilities of oxidation states; more reliable energies are needed for the actinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kovács
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre , P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Phuong D Dau
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 United States
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares & Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , 2695-066 Bobadela LRS , Portugal
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 United States
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41
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Lin J, Zhang S, Guan W, Yang G, Ma Y. Gold with +4 and +6 Oxidation States in AuF4 and AuF6. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9545-9550. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Innovation Center for Computational Physics Method and Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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42
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43
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Liu JB, Chen GP, Huang W, Clark DL, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Bonding trends across the series of tricarbonato-actinyl anions [(AnO 2)(CO 3) 3] 4- (An = U-Cm): the plutonium turn. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2542-2550. [PMID: 28154870 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinyl-tricarbonato anions [(AnO2)(CO3)3]4- (An = U-Cm) in various environments were investigated using theoretical approaches of quantum-mechanics, molecular-mechanics and cluster-models. Cations and solvent molecules in the 2nd coordination sphere affect the equatorial An←Oeq bonds more than the axial An[triple bond, length as m-dash]Oax bonds. Common actinide contraction is found for calculated and experimental axial bond lengths of 92U to 94Pu, though no longer for 94Pu to 96Cm. The tendency of U to Pu forming actinyl(vi) species dwindles away toward Cm, which already features the preferred AnIII/LnIII oxidation state of the later actinides and all lanthanides. The well known change from d-type to typical U-Pu-Cm type and then to f-type behavior is labeled as the plutonium turn, a phenomenon that is caused by f-orbital energy-decrease and f-orbital localization with increase of both nuclear charge and oxidation state, and a non-linear variation of effective f-electron population across the actinide series. Both orbital and configuration mixing and occupation of antibonding 5f type orbitals increase, weakening the AnOax bonds and reducing the highest possible oxidation states of the later actinides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China and Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guo P Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - David L Clark
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Siegen, 57068, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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44
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Hu HS, Kaltsoyannis N. The shortest Th-Th distance from a new type of quadruple bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:5070-5076. [PMID: 28098321 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds featuring unsupported metal-metal bonds between actinide elements remain highly sought after yet confined experimentally to inert gas matrix studies. Notwithstanding this paucity, actinide-actinide bonding has been the subject of extensive computational research. In this contribution, high level quantum chemical calculations at both the scalar and spin-orbit levels are used to probe the Th-Th bonding in a range of zero valent systems of general formula LThThL. Several of these compounds have very short Th-Th bonds arising from a new type of Th-Th quadruple bond with a previously unreported electronic configuration featuring two unpaired electrons in 6d-based δ bonding orbitals. H3AsThThAsH3 is found to have the shortest Th-Th bond yet reported (2.590 Å). The Th2 unit is a highly sensitive probe of ligand electron donor/acceptor ability; we can tune the Th-Th bond from quadruple to triple, double and single by judicious choice of the L group, up to 2.888 Å for singly-bonded ONThThNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shi Hu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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45
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Gibson JK, de Jong WA, Dau PD, Gong Y. Heptavalent Actinide Tetroxides NpO4– and PuO4–: Oxidation of Pu(V) to Pu(VII) by Adding an Electron to PuO4. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9156-9162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John K. Gibson
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Chemical
Sciences Division and ‡Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Dau PD, Vasiliu M, Peterson KA, Dixon DA, Gibson JK. Remarkably High Stability of Late Actinide Dioxide Cations: Extending Chemistry to Pentavalent Berkelium and Californium. Chemistry 2017; 23:17369-17378. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong D. Dau
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Shelby Hall Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487-0336 USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-4630 USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Shelby Hall Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487-0336 USA
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
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47
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Jian J, Zhang Q, Wu X, Zhou M. Isocyanate Formation from Reactions of Early Lanthanide Metal Atoms with NO and CO in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7861-7868. [PMID: 28972761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of early lanthanide metal atoms (Ce, Pr, and Nd) with carbon monoxide and nitric oxide mixtures are studied by infrared absorption spectroscopy in solid argon. The reaction intermediates and products are identified via isotopic substitution as well as theoretical frequency calculations. The results show that the reactions proceed with the initial formation of inserted NLnO molecules, which subsequently react with CO to form the NLnO(CO) complexes on annealing. The NLnO(CO) complexes further isomerize to the more stable isocyanate OLnNCO species under UV light excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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48
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zeng M, Kurmoo M. Fabrication of a capillary column coated with the four-fold-interpenetrated MOF Cd(D-Cam)(tmdpy) for gas chromatographic separation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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XUE D, SUN C, CHEN X. Hybridized valence electrons of 4f0–145d0–16s2: the chemical bonding nature of rare earth elements. J RARE EARTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(17)60984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Huang W, Jiang N, Schwarz WHE, Yang P, Li J. Diversity of Chemical Bonding and Oxidation States in MS 4 Molecules of Group 8 Elements. Chemistry 2017; 23:10580-10589. [PMID: 28516506 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic ground-state structures of 30 isomers of six MS4 molecules (M=Group 8 metals Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, and Pu) have been studied by using quantum-chemical density functional theory and correlated wavefunction approaches. The MS4 species were compared to analogous MO4 species recently investigated (W. Huang, W.-H. Xu, W. H. E. Schwarz, J. Li, Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 4616). A metal oxidation state (MOS) with a high value of eight appeared in the low-spin singlet Td geometric species (Os,Hs)S4 and (Ru,Os,Hs)O4 , whereas a low MOS of two appeared in the high-spin septet D2d species Fe(S2 )2 and (slightly excited) metastable Fe(O2 )2 . The ground states of all other molecules had intermediate MOS values, with S2- , S22- , S21- (and O2- , O1- , O22- , O21- ) ligands bonded by ionic, covalent, and correlative contributions. The known tendencies toward lower MOS on going from oxides to sulfides, from Hs to Os to Ru, and from Pu to Sm, and the specific behavior of Fe, were found to arise from the different atomic orbital energies and radii of the (n-1)p core and (n-1)d and (n-2)f valence shells of the metal atoms in row n of the periodic table. The comparative results of the electronic and geometric structures of the MO4 and MS4 species provides insight into the periodicity of oxidation states and bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57068, Germany
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 953002, USA
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