1
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Duan C, Cui C. Boryl-substituted low-valent heavy group 14 compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:361-379. [PMID: 38086648 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Low valent group 14 compounds exhibit diverse structures and reactivities. The employment of diazaborolyl anions (NHB anions), isoelectronic analogues to N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), in group 14 chemistry leads to the exceptional structures and reactivity. The unique combination of σ-electron donation and pronounced steric hindrance impart distinct structural characteristics to the NHB-substituted low valent group 14 compounds. Notably, the modulation of the HOMO-LUMO gap in these compounds with the diazaborolyl substituents results in novel reaction patterns in the activation of small molecules and inert chemical bonds. This review mainly summarizes the recent advances in NHB-substituted low-valent heavy Group 14 compounds, emphasizing their synthesis, structural characteristics and application to small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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2
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Chen H, Chen Y, Li T, Wang D, Xu L, Tan G. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coordinated Formal Germanimidoyl-Phosphinidenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20906-20912. [PMID: 38095884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligated germylidenylphosphinidene MsFluidtBu-GeP(NHCiPr) (where MsFluidtBu is a bulky hydrindacene substituent, and NHCiPr is 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene) with mesityl azide and 4-tertbutylphenyl azide afforded NHC coordinated formal germanimidoyl-phosphinidenes, which represent the first compounds bearing both Ge═N double bond and phosphinidene functionalities. Studies of the chemical properties revealed that the reactions preferred to occur at the Ge═N double bond, which underwent [2 + 2] cycloadditions with CO2 and ethyl isocyanate, and coordinated with coinage metals through the nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Chen
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganicand Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganicand Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tong Li
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganicand Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Data Engineering and Knowledge Service, Key Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Interdisciplinary Innovation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganicand Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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3
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204495. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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4
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Goldshtein Y, Glagovsky Y, Tumanskii B, Fridman N, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202452. [PMID: 35438228 PMCID: PMC9320928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The first isolated genuine germenyl lithiums (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge(SiMetBu2)(Li⋅2 L) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi, L=THF (1
a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (1
b) and R3Si=tBuMe2Si, L=THF (2
a), or L=12‐crown‐4 (2
b)), were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding acyl germanes 3 and 4, respectively, with tBu2MeSiLi in THF at 70 °C. The novel 1
a and 2
b were characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and also by X‐ray crystallography (r(C=Ge)=1.865 Å for 1
a and 1.877 Å for 2
b). Nucleophilic addition reaction of 1
a with MeI and a C−H insertion reactions to the C=Ge bond of 1
a, 2
a and 2
b, are reported. Oxidation of 1
a and 2
b (toluene, 230 K) produces the first persistent germenyl radicals (R3Si)(1‐Ad)C=Ge⋅‐(SiMetBu2) (R3Si=tBu2MeSi (13
a), R3Si=tBuMe2Si (13
b)), which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy (t1/2≈30 min at 230 K, g=2.029, aav(73Ge) is 55.0G for 13
a and 60.2G for 13
b). The experimental EPR parameters and DFT calculations indicate that 13
a and 13
b have a strongly bent structure at Ge (calc. ∡(C=Ge−Si)=136.7° (13
a), 135.9° (13
b)), and that the unpaired electron has a substantial s‐character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Goldshtein
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yuri Glagovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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5
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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6
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Goldshtein Y, Glagovsky Y, Tumanskii B, Fridman N, Bravo‐Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. Synthesis of Genuine Germenyl Lithiums and the First Persistent Germenyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Goldshtein
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Yuri Glagovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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7
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Tian M, Zhang J, Guo L, Cui C. Isolation of a planar 1,2-dilithio-disilene and its conversion to a Si-B hybrid 2π-electron system and a planar tetraboryldisilene. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14635-14640. [PMID: 34881016 PMCID: PMC8580061 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium reagents have long played important roles in synthetic chemistry. However, unsaturated organosilicon lithium reagents are few in number. Herein, we describe the first isolation of a 1,2-dilithiodisilene: [(boryl)SiLi]2 (2) was prepared in 73% yield by the reduction of (boryl)tribromosilane (1, boryl = (HCArN)2B, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) with lithium in Et2O. The salt elimination reaction of 2 with dihaloboranes RBX2 afforded disilaborirenes [(boryl)Si]2BR (3a–c), whereas the reaction with two equivalents of B-bromocatecholborane ((cat)BBr) yielded the first tetraboryldisilene [(boryl)(cat)BSi]2 (4). X-ray diffraction analysis and density functional theory calculations indicated that the disilene 2 and tetraboryldisilene 4 feature an almost planar geometry and disilaborirenes 3a–c are aromatic with a silicon–boron hybrid 2π-electron delocalized structure. The results indicate that 1,2-dilithiodisilene 2 is a powerful synthetic reagent for the construction of novel silicon multiply bonded species with unique electronic structures and that the boryl substituents have significant electronic effects on the structure of silicon multiple bonding. Dianionic disilyne: reduction of boryltribromosilane yielded the 1,2-dilithio-disilene 2, which is a powerful transfer reagent for the synthesis of a novel 2π aromatic system and the first tetraboryldisilene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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8
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Liu Y, Keil H, Zhong M, Li J, Yang Z, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. MesPX
2
/IsPX
2
as Precursors for the Preparation of Phosphasilenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashuai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Helena Keil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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9
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Agarwal A, Bose SK. Bonding Relationship between Silicon and Germanium with Group 13 and Heavier Elements of Groups 14-16. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3784-3806. [PMID: 33006219 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The topic of heavier main group compounds possessing multiple bonds is the subject of momentous interest in modern organometallic chemistry. Importantly, there is an excitement involving the discovery of unprecedented compounds with unique bonding modes. The research in this area is still expanding, particularly the reactivity aspects of these compounds. This article aims to describe the overall developments reported on the stable derivatives of silicon and germanium involved in multiple bond formation with other group 13, and heavier groups 14, 15, and 16 elements. The synthetic strategies, structural features, and their reactivity towards different nucleophiles, unsaturated organic substrates, and in small molecule activation are discussed. Further, their physical and chemical properties are described based on their spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Agarwal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
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10
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Majhi PK, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. A Mixed Heavier Si=Ge Analogue of a Vinyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:242-246. [PMID: 32991043 PMCID: PMC7821269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The versatile reactivities of disilenides and digermenide, heavier analogues of vinyl anions, have significantly expanded the pool of silicon and germanium compounds with various unexpected structural motifs in the past two decades. We now report the synthesis and isolation of a cyclic heteronuclear vinyl anion analogue with a Si=Ge bond, potassium silagermenide as stable thf‐solvate and 18‐c‐6 solvate by the KC8 reduction of germylene or digermene precursors. Its suitability as synthon for the synthesis of functional silagermenes is proven by the reactions with chlorosilane and chlorophospane to yield the corresponding silyl‐ and phosphanyl‐silagermenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed a significant degree of π‐conjugation between N=C and Si=Ge double bonds in the title compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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11
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Majhi PK, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Ein gemischtes, schwereres Si=Ge Analogon eines Vinylanions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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12
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Samedov K, Heider Y, Cai Y, Willmes P, Mühlhausen D, Huch V, West R, Scheschkewitz D, Percival PW. Free Radical Chemistry of Phosphasilenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16007-16012. [PMID: 32488930 PMCID: PMC7540504 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of radicals formed from silicon-containing heavy analogues of alkenes is of great importance for their application in radical polymerization. Steric and electronic substituent effects in compounds such as phosphasilenes not only stabilize the Si=P double bond, but also influence the structure and species of the formed radicals. Herein we report our first investigations of radicals derived from phosphasilenes with Mes, Tip, Dur, and NMe2 substituents on the P atom, using muon spin spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Adding muonium (a light isotope of hydrogen) to phosphasilenes reveals that: a) the electron-donor NMe2 and the bulkiest Tip-substituted phosphasilenes form several muoniated radicals with different rotamer conformations; b) bulky Dur-substituted phosphasilene forms two radicals (Si- and P-centred); and c) Mes-substituted phosphasilene mainly forms one species of radical, at the P centre. These significant differences result from intramolecular substituent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Samedov
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z1Canada
| | - Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus, C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Yuanjing Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus, C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Daniel Mühlhausen
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus, C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus, C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Robert West
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWI53706USA
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus, C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Paul W. Percival
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada
- Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, TRIUMF4004 Wesbrook MallVancouverBCV6T 2A3Canada
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13
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Samedov K, Heider Y, Cai Y, Willmes P, Mühlhausen D, Huch V, West R, Scheschkewitz D, Percival PW. Chemie freier Radikale von Phosphasilenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Samedov
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Peking 100029 China
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Kanada
| | - Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus, C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Yuanjing Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Peking 100029 China
| | - Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus, C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Daniel Mühlhausen
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus, C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus, C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Robert West
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus, C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Paul W. Percival
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Kanada
- Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Kanada
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14
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Heider Y, Willmes P, Mühlhausen D, Klemmer L, Zimmer M, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. A Three-Membered Cyclic Phosphasilene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1939-1944. [PMID: 30548984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Small unsaturated phosphacycles are versatile reagents owing to their strain and the added functionality of the double bond and the phosphorus lone pair. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of the smallest possible cyclic phosphasilene as a stable adduct with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). First reactivity studies show a) that the PSi2 ring is a competent ligand to the Fe(CO)4 fragment via the phosphorus lone pair and b) that the abstraction of the NHC by BPh3 results in the rapid head-to-head or head-to-tail dimerization of the PSi2 unit. The relatively facile NHC cleavage indicates that the P=Si double bond is available for further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Mühlhausen
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Guddorf BJ, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Hepp A, Lips F. Formation of an NHC-stabilized heterocyclic housane and its isomerization into a cyclopentenyl anion analogue. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12896-12899. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
:PC–tBu reacts with Si3Mes4NHCiPr2Me2E to afford a so-called “housane” 1, that rearranges upon irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp or at 60 °C to an NHC-stabilized cyclopentenyl anion analogue 2 with a three-center four-electron π-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J. Guddorf
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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16
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Armstrong RJ, Nandakumar M, Dias RMP, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Allenes by Point-to-Axial Chirality Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8203-8208. [PMID: 29719111 PMCID: PMC6033179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An enantiodivergent method for the synthesis of multiply substituted allenes is described. Highly enantioenriched, point-chiral boronic esters were synthesized by homologation of α-seleno alkenyl boronic esters with lithiated carbamates and eliminated to form axially chiral allene products. By employing either oxidative or alkylative conditions, both syn and anti elimination could be achieved with complete stereospecificity. The process enables the synthesis of either M or P allenes from a single isomer of a point-chiral precursor and can be employed for the enantioselective assembly of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roly J. Armstrong
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | | - Rafael M. P. Dias
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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17
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Yildiz CB. Oxidation of hydro-silaimine, phosphasilene, and arsasilene structures (CH3)HSi E(CH3) (E: N, P, or As) via concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrous oxide: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Dhara D, Mandal D, Maiti A, Yildiz CB, Kalita P, Chrysochos N, Schulzke C, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Assembly of NHC-stabilized 2-hydrophosphasilenes from Si(iv) precursors: a Lewis acid-base complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19290-19298. [PMID: 27872933 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NHC-stabilized 2-hydrophosphasilenes are obtained from 1,2-dihydro-2-chlorophosphasilanes as Si(iv) precursors by a NHC-assisted 1,2-elimination of HCl. The NHC-exchange of these compounds is demonstrated as a proof of donor acceptor bonding between NHC and the silicon centre of the "Si[double bond, length as m-dash]P" moiety. We have also explored the possibility of similar exchanges in NHC-stabilized Si2 and P2 compounds. Theoretical DFT calculations were performed to address the nature of Si-P bonding in the NHC-stabilized 2-hydrophosphasilenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Aksaray, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhimpur-Padanpur, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad-500075, India.
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19
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Kosai T, Iwamoto T. Stable Push-Pull Disilene: Substantial Donor-Acceptor Interactions through the Si═Si Double Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18146-18149. [PMID: 29192775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The push-pull effect has been widely used to effectively tune π-electron systems. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of 1-amino-2-boryldisilene 1 as the first push-pull disilene. Its spectroscopic and structural features show substantial interactions between the Si═Si double bond and the amino and boryl substituents. The π → π* absorption band of 1 is remarkably red-shifted compared to that of the corresponding alkyl-substituted disilene 2. Treatment of 1 with H2 resulted in the cleavage of two molecules of H2 under concomitant formation of the corresponding trihydridodisilane and hydroborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kosai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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20
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Nesterov V, Breit NC, Inoue S. Advances in Phosphasilene Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:12014-12039. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Nora C. Breit
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry; Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
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