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Dai C, Huang C, Ye M, Liu J, Cheng H. Mild Catalyst- and Additive-Free Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Thioisoindolinones and Tricyclic γ-Lactams Accelerated by Microdroplet Chemistry. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14818-14830. [PMID: 39361508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Isoindolinones, bearing both γ-lactam and aromatic rings, draw extensive interest in organic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal communities as they are important structural motifs in many natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. As the main contributor to isoindolinone synthesis, metal catalysis is associated with many drawbacks including essential use of toxic/precious metals and excessive additives, high reaction temperatures, specially predesigned starting materials, and long reaction times (typically 8-30 h). In this study, we developed a catalyst- and additive-free, minute-scale, and high-yield microdroplet method for tricomponent isoindolinone synthesis at mild temperatures. By taking advantage of the astonishing reaction acceleration (1.9 × 102-9.4 × 103 acceleration factor range with a typical rate acceleration factor of 1.51 × 103 for the prototype reaction as the ratio of rate constants by microdroplet and bulk phase), 12 3-thioisoindolinones and two tricyclic γ-lactams were synthesized using various 2-acylbenzaldehydes, amines, and thiols with satisfactory yields ranging from 85% to 97% as well as a scale-up rate of 3.49 g h-1. Because of the advantages (no use of any catalysts or additives, mild temperature, rapid and satisfactory conversion, broad substrate scope, and gram scalability), the microdroplet method represents an attractive alternative to metal catalysis for laboratory synthesis of isoindolinones and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Dai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chengkai Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Meiying Ye
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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2
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Hassan MTA, Chen X, Fnu PIJ, Osonga FJ, Sadik OA, Li M, Chen H. Rapid detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using paper spray-based mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133366. [PMID: 38185081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Traditional PFAS analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) is time-consuming, as laborious sample preparation (e.g., extraction and desalting) is necessary. Herein, we report fast detection of PFAS by paper spray (PS)-based MS techniques, which employs a triangular-shaped filter paper for sample loading and ionization (≤ 3 min per sample). In this study, PS-MS was first used for direct PFAS analysis of drinking water, tap water, and wastewater. Interestingly, food package paper materials can be directly cut and examined with PS-MS for possible PFAS contamination. For samples containing salt matrices which would suppress PFAS ion signal, desalting paper spray mass spectrometry (DPS-MS), was shown to be capable of rapidly desalting, ionizing and detecting PFAS species such as per-fluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and per-fluorosulphonic acid (PFOS). The retention of PFAS on paper substrate while salts being washed away by water is likely due to hydrophilic interaction between the PFAS polar head (e.g., carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid) with the polar filter paper cellulose surface. The DPS-MS method is highly sensitive (limits of detection:1.2-4.5 ppt) and can be applicable for directly analyzing soil extract and soil samples. These results suggest the high potential of PS-MS and the related DPS-MS technique in real-world environmental analysis of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanim-Al Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xingzhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Praneeth Ivan Joel Fnu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Francis J Osonga
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institutes of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Arias A, Windham PE, Cheyne NA, Gilliland WM. Rapid fabrication of hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns on paper substrates for paper spray mass spectrometry. Analyst 2023; 148:5496-5506. [PMID: 37782094 PMCID: PMC10849044 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid chemical coating and patterning method was developed and optimized for paper-based substrates for use in paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). A variety of chlorosilanes were explored for coating paper substrates, and their effectiveness in forming hydrophobic surfaces was characterized via contact angle goniometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Trichloromethylsilane was selected as the primary coating agent because of the short time required to produce a hydrophobic surface (contact angle > 130°), as well as the ease of patterning. Patterning was performed using 3D-printed masks and an oxygen/plasma cleaner. Optimal mask thickness and oxygen/plasma cleaning parameters were determined to produce channels varying from 0.5 to 2.5 mm in width. The effectiveness of the patterned substrates for PS-MS was determined via analysis of four antiretrovirals: emtricitabine, lamivudine, efavirenz, and dolutegravir. Calibration curves were made for each antiretroviral at varying channel widths, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification for each drug were determined. These results show that this patterning method results in an average 7.2-fold improvement in sensitivity and an average 190-fold improvement in limits of detection over uncoated paper substrates in a neat matrix. In a proof-of-concept experiment, calibration curves were generated for each antiretroviral in urine. A patterned paper substrate with a 2-mm channel resulted in an average 7.4-fold improvement in sensitivity and an average 18-fold improvement in limits of detection over uncoated paper substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Arias
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
| | - Peyton E Windham
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
| | - Natalie A Cheyne
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA.
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Guo X, Li J, Bai H, Ma Q. Rapid on-site detection of persistent organic pollutants using multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9509. [PMID: 36945892 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rapid on-site detection of persistent organic pollutants (POP) is highly desirable for environmental protection. METHODS Herein, a rapid on-site analytical workflow was developed for the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds using multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled with a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Critical parameters regarding PSI and miniature mass spectrometry analysis were optimized. RESULTS The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated under optimized conditions, obtaining a short analysis duration of less than 1 min, sufficient linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, acceptable recovery rates of 93.1%-105.8% with relative standard deviations of between 3.5% and 10.3%, and reasonable sensitivity with limits of detection and quantitation of 2-200 and 5-500 μg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considering these aspects, it was concluded that the present approach demonstrated a promising solution for rapid on-site detection of emerging POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing, China
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Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z. On-Demand Portable Paper-Based Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Sensitivity Analysis of Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6163-6171. [PMID: 36996354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization has been demonstrated to be the most promising substrate-based source, but this technique suffers from the low desorption efficiency of target compounds and poor portability. In the current study, we describe a portable paper-based electrospray ionization (PPESI) in which a piece of triangle paper and adsorbent are packed sequentially into a modified disposable micropipette tip. This source not only captures the feature of paper spray and adsorbent for highly efficient suppression of sample matrixes for target compound analysis but also takes advantage of a micropipette tip to prevent spray solvent from rapid evaporation. The performance of developed PPESI depends on the type and amount of packed adsorbent, paper substrate, and spray solvent and applied voltage. Moreover, by contrast to other related sources, the analytical sensitivity and the spray duration of PPESI in tandem with MS have been improved by factors of 2.8-32.3 and 2.0-13.3, respectively. Based on its high accuracy (>96%) and precision (less than 3% relative standard deviation), the PPESI coupled to a mass spectrometer has been used to determine diverse therapeutic drugs and pesticides in complex biological (e.g., whole blood, serum, and urine) and food (e.g., milk and orange juice) matrixes, and the limits of detection and quantification were 2-4 pg mL-1 and 7-13 pg mL-1, respectively. Taking the portability, high sensitivity, and repeatability, the technique may be a promising alternative for complex sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yajie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Qianqian Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
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Franceschi P, Rossin E, Goti G, Scopano A, Vega-Peñaloza A, Natali M, Singh D, Sartorel A, Dell'Amico L. A Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Strategy to the Redox-Neutral Photocatalytic CO 2 Fixation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6454-6464. [PMID: 36760023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report our study on the design and development of a novel photocarboxylation method. We have used an organic photoredox catalyst (PC, 4CzIPN) and differently substituted dihydropyridines (DHPs) in combination with an organic base (1,5,7-triazabicyclodec-5-ene, TBD) to access a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) based manifold. In depth mechanistic investigations merging experimental analysis (NMR, IR, cyclic voltammetry) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the key activity of a H-bonding complex between the DHP and the base. The thermodynamic and kinetic benefits of the PCET mechanism allowed the implementation of a redox-neutral fixation process leading to synthetically relevant carboxylic acids (18 examples with isolated yields up to 75%) under very mild reaction conditions. Finally, diverse product manipulations were performed to demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Franceschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rossin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Scopano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Lin Q, Xue L, Sun J, Wang Y, Cheng H. Suzuki C-C Coupling in Paper Spray Ionization: Microsynthesis of Biaryls and High-Sensitivity MS Detection of Aryl Bromides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1921-1935. [PMID: 36074999 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the most powerful strategies for constructing biaryl compounds. However, classic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling suffers from hour-scale reaction time and competitive protodeboronation. To address these problems, a mild nonaqueous potassium trimethylsilanolate (TMSOK)-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura coupling strategy was designed for the microsynthesis of biaryls in paper spray ionization (PSI). Due to the acceleration power facilitated by microdroplet chemistry in reactive PSI, the microsynthesis of biaryls by reactive PSI was accomplished within minutes with comparable yields to the bulk, showing good substrate applicability from 32 Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of aryl bromides and aryl boronic acid/borates bearing different substituents. Based on the above TMSOK-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura coupling strategy, we further developed a high-sensitivity and selective PSI mass spectrometry (MS) method for quantitative analysis of aryl bromides, a class of environmentally persistent organic pollutants that cannot be directly detected by ambient mass spectrometry due to their low ionization efficiency. In situ derivatization of aryl bromides was achieved with aryl borates bearing quaternary ammonium groups in PSI. The proposed PSI-MS method shows good linearity over the 0.01-10 μmol L-1 range with low detection limits of 1.8-4.8 nmol L-1 as well as good applicability to the rapid determination of six aryl bromides in three environmental water samples. The proposed PSI-MS method also shows good applicability to brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyls/diphenyl esters). Overall, this study provides a simple, rapid, low-cost, high-sensitivity, and high-selectivity strategy for trace aryl bromides and other brominated pollutants in real samples with minimal/no sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Lin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Sinopec Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company, 226 Lianhua Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315207, China
| | - Luyun Xue
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiannan Sun
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
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8
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Water coordinated on Cu(I)-based catalysts is the oxygen source in CO 2 reduction to CO. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2577. [PMID: 35562192 PMCID: PMC9095693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic reduction of CO2 over Cu-based catalysts can produce various carbon-based products such as the critical intermediate CO, yet significant challenges remain in shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we develop a modified triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer to monitor the reduction of CO2 to CO in the gas phase online. Our experimental observations reveal that the coordinated H2O on Cu(I)-based catalysts promotes CO2 adsorption and reduction to CO, and the resulting efficiencies are two orders of magnitude higher than those without H2O. Isotope-labeling studies render compelling evidence that the O atom in produced CO originates from the coordinated H2O on catalysts, rather than CO2 itself. Combining experimental observations and computational calculations with density functional theory, we propose a detailed reaction mechanism of CO2 reduction to CO over Cu(I)-based catalysts with coordinated H2O. This study offers an effective method to reveal the vital roles of H2O in promoting metal catalysts to CO2 reduction. Understanding the underlying mechanisms for catalytic reduction of CO2 over Cu based catalysts remains challenging. Here, the authors develop an effective method to reveal the vital roles of H2O in promoting metal catalysts to CO2 reduction via a modified triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometer.
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Wang W, Zhang H, Jiang J, He Y, He J, Liu J, Yu K, Liu Q, Qiao L. Thin interfacial film spontaneously produces hydrogen peroxide: mechanism and application for perfluorooctanoic acid degradation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have unambiguously demonstrated spontaneous formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in thin film formats by evaporating almost all the water and its effective for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation without catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yuwei He
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Kai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Sun J, Yin Y, Li W, Jin O, Na N. CHEMICAL REACTION MONITORING BY AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:70-99. [PMID: 33259644 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions conducted in different media (liquid phase, gas phase, or surface) drive developments of versatile techniques for the detection of intermediates and prediction of reasonable reaction pathways. Without sample pretreatment, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been applied to obtain structural information of reactive molecules that differ in polarity and molecular weight. Commercial ion sources (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and direct analysis in real-time) have been reported to monitor substrates and products by offline reaction examination. While the interception or characterization of reactive intermediates with short lifetime are still limited by the offline modes. Notably, online ionization technologies, with high tolerance to salt, buffer, and pH, can achieve direct sampling and ionization of on-going reactions conducted in different media (e.g., liquid phase, gas phase, or surface). Therefore, short-lived intermediates could be captured at unprecedented timescales, and the reaction dynamics could be studied for mechanism examinations without sample pretreatments. In this review, via various AMS methods, chemical reaction monitoring and mechanism elucidation for different classifications of reactions have been reviewed. The developments and advances of common ionization methods for offline reaction monitoring will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang GL, Zhang M, Shi Q, Jiang Z, Tong L, Chen Z, Tang B. In Situ Construction of COF-Based Paper Serving as a Plasmonic Substrate for Enhanced PSI-MS Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43438-43448. [PMID: 34465082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection, quantitation, and differentiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their isomers in diverse samples is elusive for paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). To address these issues, herein, for the first time, we propose to fabricate a novel, flexible, and stable paper substrate based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via an in situ method under room temperature in air. After embedding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), this paper substrate (COFs-paper) could further serve as a multifunctional plasmonic matrix (AuNPs-COFs-paper) for dual-wavelength laser-assisted PSI-MS detection of PAHs and feasible paper surface-enhanced Raman scattering (pSERS)-aided isomer discrimination. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect between the AuNPs and COFs present on the novel AuNP-embedded COFs-paper substrate, a satisfied LOD of 0.50 ng/μL for phenanthrene was realized, which improved almost 300 times compared with the naked-paper matrix, and the regression coefficient R2 was up to 0.999. Real sample corn oil-containing PAHs can be efficiently detected and identified using this technique. The established platform has promising potential for on-site chemical analysis with portable PSI-MS and pSERS instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qian Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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12
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Coelho Pimenta JV, Augusti R, Sabino AA. On-Surface Alcohol Oxidation Monitored by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: The Role of Ruthenium as Catalyst. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2168-2174. [PMID: 34279929 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is employed herein as a convenient platform to investigate an on-surface catalytic process, that is, the oxidation of alcohols induced by ruthenium salts. The tag-charged benzyl alcohol 1 (m/z 166), used as a suitable prototype starting substrate, is quickly oxidized by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in an on-surface process catalyzed by ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3). The PS(+)-MS revealed the formation of products from the oxidation of alcohol 1. RuCl3 and TBHP played a crucial role in this process since when salts of other metals (platinum, palladium, and iron) and another oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide) are employed, no reaction is observed. Moreover, UV radiation and heating accelerate the on-surface alcohol 1 oxidation. Finally, an exciting possibility is to employ PS-MS to investigate similar organic catalytic reactions to accelerate them and detect unstable intermediates, indiscernible in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Adão Aparecido Sabino
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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13
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Machida S, Kida M, Muramatsu S, Hirao T, Haino T, Inokuchi Y. Gas-Phase UV Spectroscopy of Chemical Intermediates Produced in Solution: Oxidation Reactions of Phenylhydrazines by DDQ. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6697-6702. [PMID: 34338532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated cold gas-phase spectroscopy of chemical intermediates produced in solution. Herein, we combined an electrospray ion source with a T-shaped solution mixer for introducing chemical intermediates in solution into the gas phase. Specifically, the oxidation reaction of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinecarboxaldehyde (NHCA) by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) was initiated by mixing the methanol solutions of NHCA and DDQ in the T-shaped mixer, and the chemical species were injected into the vacuum apparatus for ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) spectroscopy. A cationic intermediate was strongly observed at m/z 150 in the mass spectrum, and the UVPD spectrum was observed under cold (∼10 K) gas-phase conditions. The UVPD spectrum showed a strong, broad absorption at ∼38,000 cm-1, accompanied by a relatively weak component at ∼34,000 cm-1. These spectral patterns can be ascribed to a diazonium cation intermediate, whose existence has been predicted in a previous study. This report indicates that cold gas-phase UV spectroscopy can be a useful method for identifying the structure of chemical intermediates produced in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Motoki Kida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Kitamura Y, Muramatsu S, Abe M, Inokuchi Y. Structural Investigation of Photochemical Intermediates in Solution by Cold UV Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase: Photosubstitution of Dicyanobenzenes by Allylsilanes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6238-6245. [PMID: 34240866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ion sources with an in-line quartz cell were constructed to produce photochemical intermediates in solution. These ion sources can detect photochemical intermediates having lifetimes longer than a few seconds. Intermediates formed by photosubstitution of 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) by allyltrimethylsilane (AMS) in acetonitrile using a Xe lamp were injected into the mass spectrometer. The cationic intermediate (C11H10N2·H+) was observed at m/z = 171, but no anionic intermediate was found, although C11H9N2- was expected based on prior studies. Theoretical studies suggested that C11H9N2- was simultaneously converted to neutral C11H10N2 and cationic C11H10N2·H+ species, which can be stable intermediates in the photosubstitution reaction. The UV photodissociation (UVPD) spectrum of C11H10N2·H+ under cold (∼10 K) gas-phase conditions determined the conformation of the C11H10N2 unit of the C11H10N2·H+ cation. This report demonstrates that cold gas-phase UV spectroscopy is a prospectively powerful tool for investigation of the electronic and geometric structures of photochemical intermediates produced in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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15
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Yang Y, Niu W, Wang W, Qi S, Tong L, Mu X, Chen Z, Li W, Tang B. h-FBN assisted negative ion paper spray for the sensitive detection of small molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6612-6615. [PMID: 34116566 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion mode paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) suffers from intense background noise and unstable MS signal. For the first time, we reported fluorinated boron nitride nanosheet (h-FBN) assisted negative ion PS-MS for the detection of a series of molecules. We demonstrated that the introduction of h-FBN can greatly improve the detection sensitivity and signal stability in the negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihua Niu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyun Qi
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Mu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Kuai D, Cheng H, Kuan KY, Yan X. Accelerated five-component spiro-pyrrolidine construction at the air-liquid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3757-3760. [PMID: 33876122 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-component reactions assemble complex molecules in a highly effective way, however, they often suffer from long reaction times. We demonstrate that acceleration of a five-component spiro-pyrrolidine construction can be achieved in microdroplets and thin films. The deposition method and mild heating are crucial factors for product formation. Three key intermediates were captured by mass spectrometry to elucidate the tandem reaction mechanism. We also found that hydrogen bonding can significantly flatten the energy barrier at the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Kuai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Aabaka SR, Mao J, Lavanya M, Venkateswarlu K, Huang Z, Mao J, Yang X, Lin C. Nanocellulose Supported PdNPs as in situ Formed Nano Catalyst for the Suzuki Coupling Reaction in Aqueous Media: A Green Approach and Waste to Wealth. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Chen L, Ghiasvand A, Rodriguez ES, Innis PC, Paull B. Applications of nanomaterials in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Basuri P, Das S, Jenifer SK, Jana SK, Pradeep T. Microdroplet Impact-Induced Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MISI MS) for Online Reaction Monitoring and Bacteria Discrimination. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:355-363. [PMID: 33200609 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microdroplet impact-induced spray ionization (MISI) is demonstrated involving the impact of microdroplets produced from a paper and their impact on another, leading to the ionization of analytes deposited on the latter. This cascaded process is more advantageous in comparison to standard spray ionization as it performs reactions and ionization simultaneously in the absence of high voltage directly applied on the sample. In MISI, we apply direct current (DC) potential only to the terminal paper, used as the primary ion source. Charge transfer due to microdroplet/ion deposition on the flowing analyte solution on the second surface generates secondary charged microdroplets from it carrying the analytes, which ionize and get detected by a mass spectrometer. In this way, up to three cascaded spray sources could be assembled in series. We show the detection of small molecules and proteins in such ionization events. MISI provides a method to understand chemical reactions by droplet impact. The C-C bond formation reactions catalyzed by palladium and alkali metal ion encapsulation using crown ether were studied as our model reactions. To demonstrate the application of our ion source in a bioanalytical context, we studied the noninvasive in situ discrimination of bacteria samples under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Subhashree Das
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shantha Kumar Jenifer
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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20
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In Situ Separation and Analysis of Lipids by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010093. [PMID: 33379256 PMCID: PMC7795734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper spray ionization (PSI) is an extractive ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (MS), whereby a triangular paper tip serves as the sampling base and the electrospray tip. During PSI, analytes are extracted and transported to the edge of the paper tip by the applied spraying solvent. Analytes can be purified from a sample matrix and separated from each other by this transportation process. In this study, we investigated and utilized the analyte transportation process of PSI for the in situ separation and analysis of lipid mixtures. We found that differential transport of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG), the two most abundant lipid classes in animals, occurred during PSI. We also found that the order in which these lipids moved strongly depended on how the spraying solvent was applied to the paper base. The more polar PC moved faster than the less polar TAG during PSI, when a polar solvent was slowly fed into a paper tip, whereas TAG was transported faster than PC when excess solvent was applied to the tip at once. In addition, we achieved a complete separation and detection of PC and TAG by slowly supplying a nonpolar solvent to a PSI tip.
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21
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Wang Q, Bhattarai M, Zhao P, Alnsour T, Held M, Faik A, Chen H. Fast and Sensitive Detection of Oligosaccharides Using Desalting Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (DPS-MS). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2226-2235. [PMID: 32910855 PMCID: PMC8189650 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional mass spectrometry (MS)-based analytical methods for small carbohydrate fragments (oligosaccharides, degree of polymerization 2-12) are time-consuming due to the need for an offline sample pretreatment such as desalting. Herein, we report a new paper spray ionization method, named desalting paper spray (DPS), which employs a piece of triangular filter paper for both sample desalting and ionization. Unlike regular paper spray ionization (PSI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI), DPS-MS allows fast and sensitive detection of oligosaccharides in biological samples having complex matrices (e.g., Tris, PBS, HEPES buffers, or urine). When an oligosaccharide sample is loaded onto the filter paper substrate (10 × 5 mm, height × base) made mostly of cellulose, oligosaccharides are adsorbed on the paper via hydrophilic interactions with cellulose. Salts and buffers can be washed away using an ACN/H2O (90/10 v/v) solution, while oligosaccharides can be eluted from the paper using a solution of ACN/H2O/formic acid (FA) (10/90/1 v/v/v) and directly spray-ionized from the tip of the paper. Various saccharides at trace levels (e.g., 50 fmol) in nonvolatile buffer can be quickly analyzed by DPS-MS (<5 min per sample). DPS-MS is also applicable for direct detection of oligosaccharides from glycosyltransferase (GT) reactions, a challenging task that typically requires a radioactive assay. Quantitative analysis of acceptor and product oligosaccharides shows increased product with increased GT enzymes used for the reaction, a result in line with the radioactivity assay. This work suggests that DPS-MS has potential for rapid oligosaccharide analysis from biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Matrika Bhattarai
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology & Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Pengyi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tariq Alnsour
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael Held
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology & Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
- Corresponding Authors: Hao Chen - Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. , Ahmed Faik – Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. , Michael Held – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
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22
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Accelerating Electrochemical Reactions in a Voltage‐Controlled Interfacial Microreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Cheng H, Tang S, Yang T, Xu S, Yan X. Accelerating Electrochemical Reactions in a Voltage-Controlled Interfacial Microreactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19862-19867. [PMID: 32725670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microdroplet chemistry is attracting increasing attention for accelerated reactions at the solution-air interface. We report herein a voltage-controlled interfacial microreactor that enables acceleration of electrochemical reactions which are not observed in bulk or conventional electrochemical cells. The microreactor is formed at the interface of the Taylor cone in an electrospray emitter with a large orifice, thus allowing continuous contact of the electrode and the reactants at/near the interface. As a proof-of-concept, electrooxidative C-H/N-H coupling and electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol were shown to be accelerated by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the corresponding bulk reactions. The new electrochemical microreactor has unique features that allow i) voltage-controlled acceleration of electrochemical reactions by voltage-dependent formation of the interfacial microreactor; ii) "reversible" electrochemical derivatization; and iii) in situ mechanistic study and capture of key radical intermediates when coupled with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.,College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shuli Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Tingyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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24
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Frey BS, Damon DE, Badu-Tawiah AK. Emerging trends in paper spray mass spectrometry: Microsampling, storage, direct analysis, and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:336-370. [PMID: 31491055 PMCID: PMC7875099 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the sensitivity of chemical instrumentation have led to increased interest in the use of microsamples for translational and biomedical research. Paper substrates are by far the most widely used media for biofluid collection, and mass spectrometry is the preferred method of analysis of the resultant dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Although there have been a variety of review papers published on DBS, there has been no attempt to unify the century old DBS methodology with modern applications utilizing modified paper and paper-based microfluidics for sampling, storage, processing, and analysis. This critical review will discuss how mass spectrometry has expanded the utility of paper substrates from sample collection and storage, to direct complex mixture analysis to on-surface reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Deidre E Damon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
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Díaz-Liñán MC, García-Valverde MT, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, López-Lorente AI. Paper-based sorptive phases for microextraction and sensing. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3074-3091. [PMID: 32930167 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simplification of the analytical procedures, including cost-effective materials and detectors, is a current research trend. In this context, paper has been identified as a useful material thanks to its low price and high availability in different compositions (office, filter, chromatographic). Its porosity, flexibility, and planar geometry permit the design of flow-through devices compatible with most instrumental techniques. This article provides a general overview of the potential of paper, as substrate, on the simplification of analytical chemistry methodologies. The design of paper-based sorptive phases is considered in-depth, and the different functionalization strategies are described. Considering our experience in sample preparation, special attention has been paid to the use of these phases under the classical microextraction-analysis workflow, which usually includes a chromatographic separation of the analytes before their determination. However, the interest of these materials extends beyond this field as they can be easily implemented into spectroscopic and electrochemical sensors. Finally, the direct analysis of paper substrates in mass spectrometry, in the so-called paper-spray technique is also discussed. This review is more focused on presenting ideas rather than the description of specific applications to draw a general picture of the potential of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Díaz-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M T García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - S Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - A I López-Lorente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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26
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Díaz-Liñán MC, García-Valverde MT, López-Lorente AI, Cárdenas S, Lucena R. Silver nanoflower-coated paper as dual substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and ambient pressure mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3547-3557. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Li Y, Cao Y, Guo Y. Recent Advances in Atmospheric Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in ShanghaiShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in ShanghaiShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in ShanghaiShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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28
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Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu T, Jiang Z, Tong L, Tang B. A Simple 3D-Printed Enzyme Reactor Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Platform for Detecting BuChE Activity in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12874-12881. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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29
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McBride EM, Mach PM, Dhummakupt ES, Dowling S, Carmany DO, Demond PS, Rizzo G, Manicke NE, Glaros T. Paper spray ionization: Applications and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Basuri P, Baidya A, Pradeep T. Sub-Parts-per-Trillion Level Detection of Analytes by Superhydrophobic Preconcentration Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SHPPSI MS). Anal Chem 2019; 91:7118-7124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Avijit Baidya
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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31
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Feider CL, Krieger A, DeHoog RJ, Eberlin LS. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Developments and Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4266-4290. [PMID: 30790515 PMCID: PMC7444024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L. Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Anna Krieger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rachel J. DeHoog
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Development of paper substrate for paper spray MS in high-sensitivity analysis of biological samples. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2047-2067. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper spray (PS) has demonstrated a promising future for direct mass spectrometric analysis. In the process of PS, paper substrate has been demonstrated as a crucial factor in determining the final performance of PS-MS, and therefore much attention is paid to modification of paper substrate. In this review, we systematically introduce the development of paper substrate for PS. Various commercial and modified papers are comprehensively reviewed, and much effort is focused on some physical and chemical approaches for modification of paper substrate. The application of modified paper substrates to biological sample analyses is discussed. The future promising directions of paper substrate for PS are highlighted.
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33
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Gold nanoparticles-enhanced ion-transmission mass spectrometry for highly sensitive detection of chemical warfare agent simulants. Talanta 2018; 190:403-409. [PMID: 30172526 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-embedded paper was coupled with ion-transmission mass spectrometry (MS) to enable the highly sensitive detection of chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants in solutions. With the assistance of a low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe, we found that AuNPs were capable to enhance the ionization efficiencies of target analytes, with MS signal intensities surprisingly undergone an 800-fold increase under optimized conditions. The interaction between AuNPs and the radiofrequency electromagnetic field was believed to promote the desorption/ionization process, resulting in the unusual signal enhancement phenomenon. Based on this finding, we established a method for the rapid analysis of two simulants of nerve agents, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), with a dynamic range from 0.5 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and detection limits of 0.1 ng/mL and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. As sample pretreatments have been eliminated, the developed strategy is particularly promising for the on-site detection of CWAs considering its simple and rapid analytical workflow.
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34
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Song X, Chen H, Zare RN. Conductive Polymer Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Biofluid Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12878-12885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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35
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Wang X, Zheng Y, Shi J, Gong X, Ji Y, Han W, Jiang Y, Austin DE, Fang X, Zhang Z. Elucidating the Reaction Mechanisms between Triazine and Hydrogen Sulfide with pH Variation Using Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11138-11145. [PMID: 30118210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triazine is one of the most economical and effective scavengers for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal, but the reaction mechanisms between triazine and H2S with pH variation in solution are still poorly understood. Herein, we show that the reaction process can be directly probed by means of paper spray mass spectrometry, in which an aprotic solvent (e.g., acetonitrile) is more favorable to the observation of reaction intermediates than a protic solvent (e.g., methanol), because of hydrogen bond interaction. Varying the pH of the reaction leads to completely different reaction pathways. With the pH in the range of 5.58 to 7.73, the major product was thiadiazine. With a pH of 3.02-3.69, thiadiazine is converted to 2-(5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl)acetaldehyde, which differs from the traditional pathway of analogous reactions. However, as ammonia was added into the reaction and the pH was adjusted to the range 8.45-9.43, triazine readily undergoes hydrolysis, and the formed intermediate reacts with ammonia and formaldehyde generated in situ from triazine to produce 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo [3.3.1.13,7]decane (HTAD). Further increasing the pH up to 10.27-11.21 leads to the decomposition of HTAD. Based on the experimental observation and evidence from high-resolution and tandem mass spectrometry, we propose the plausible reaction mechanisms between triazine and H2S, as well as the derived reaction from triazine under different pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Yue Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Weiwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - You Jiang
- National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Daniel E Austin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100013 , China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , China
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36
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Basuri P, Sarkar D, Paramasivam G, Pradeep T. Detection of Hydrocarbons by Laser Assisted Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LAPSI MS). Anal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Depanjan Sarkar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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37
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Teunissen SF, Fedick PW, Berendsen BJA, Nielen MWF, Eberlin MN, Graham Cooks R, van Asten AC. Novel Selectivity-Based Forensic Toxicological Validation of a Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Method for the Quantitative Determination of Eight Amphetamines in Whole Blood. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2665-2676. [PMID: 28879579 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray tandem mass spectrometry is used to identify and quantify eight individual amphetamines in whole blood in 1.3 min. The method has been optimized and fully validated according to forensic toxicology guidelines, for the quantification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), para-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA), and 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA). Additionally, a new concept of intrinsic and application-based selectivity is discussed, featuring increased confidence in the power to discriminate the amphetamines from other chemically similar compounds when applying an ambient mass spectrometric method without chromatographic separation. Accuracy was within ±15% and average precision was better than 15%, and better than 20% at the LLOQ. Detection limits between 15 and 50 ng/mL were obtained using only 12 μL of whole blood. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan F Teunissen
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Patrick W Fedick
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- RIKILT, Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arian C van Asten
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Science, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- CLHC, Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Fedick PW, Bills BJ, Manicke NE, Cooks RG. Forensic Sampling and Analysis from a Single Substrate: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Followed by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10973-10979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Fedick
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brandon J. Bills
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Manicke
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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39
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Wei Z, Wleklinski M, Ferreira C, Cooks RG. Reaction Acceleration in Thin Films with Continuous Product Deposition for Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | | | | | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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40
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Wei Z, Wleklinski M, Ferreira C, Cooks RG. Reaction Acceleration in Thin Films with Continuous Product Deposition for Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9386-9390. [PMID: 28557142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thin film formats are used to study the Claisen-Schmidt base-catalyzed condensation of 6-hydroxy-1-indanone with substituted benzaldehydes and to compare the reaction acceleration relative to the bulk. Relative acceleration factors initially exceeded 103 and were on the order of 102 at steady state, although the confined volume reaction was not electrostatically driven. Substituent effects were muted compared to those in the corresponding bulk and microdroplet reactions and it is concluded that the rate-limiting step at steady state is reagent transport to the interface. Conditions were found that allowed product deposition from the thin film to occur continuously as the reaction mixture was added and as the solvent evaporated. Yields of 74 % and production rates of 98 mg h-1 were reached in a very simple experimental system that could be multiplexed to greater scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael Wleklinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christina Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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41
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Chen H, Cai C, Li S, Ma Y, Luozhong S, Zhu Z. Intermediates Stabilized by Tris(triazolylmethyl)amines in the CuAAC Reaction. Chemistry 2017; 23:4730-4735. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Houston 1441 Moursund St. Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
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