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Gu W, Luozhong S, Cai S, Londhe K, Elkasri N, Hawkins R, Yuan Z, Su-Greene K, Yin Y, Cruz M, Chang YW, McMullen P, Wu C, Seo C, Guru A, Gao W, Sarmiento T, Schaffer C, Nishimura N, Cerione R, Yu Q, Warden M, Langer R, Jiang S. Extracellular vesicles incorporating retrovirus-like capsids for the enhanced packaging and systemic delivery of mRNA into neurons. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:415-426. [PMID: 38374224 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the systemic delivery of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) into diseased neurons. Although leucocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can cross the BBB at inflammatory sites, it is difficult to efficiently load long mRNAs into the EVs and to enhance their neuronal uptake. Here we show that the packaging of mRNA into leucocyte-derived EVs and the endocytosis of the EVs by neurons can be enhanced by engineering leucocytes to produce EVs that incorporate retrovirus-like mRNA-packaging capsids. We transfected immortalized and primary bone-marrow-derived leucocytes with DNA or RNA encoding the capsid-forming activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein as well as capsid-stabilizing Arc 5'-untranslated-region RNA elements. These engineered EVs inherit endothelial adhesion molecules from donor leukocytes, recruit endogenous enveloping proteins to their surface, cross the BBB, and enter the neurons in neuro-inflammatory sites. Produced from self-derived donor leukocytes, the EVs are immunologically inert, and enhanced the neuronal uptake of the packaged mRNA in a mouse model of low-grade chronic neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Simian Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ketaki Londhe
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nadine Elkasri
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert Hawkins
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kai Su-Greene
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yujie Yin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Margaret Cruz
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Changwoo Seo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Akash Guru
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wenting Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tara Sarmiento
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chris Schaffer
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qiuming Yu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Warden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Yuan Z, McMullen P, Luozhong S, Sarker P, Tang C, Wei T, Jiang S. Hidden hydrophobicity impacts polymer immunogenicity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2033-2039. [PMID: 36845929 PMCID: PMC9945064 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc07047b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been found to be the culprit of side reactions and efficacy loss of a number of PEGylated drugs. Fundamental mechanisms of PEG immunogenicity and design principles for PEG alternatives still have not been fully explored. By using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) under varied salt conditions, we reveal the "hidden" hydrophobicity of those polymers which are generally considered as hydrophilic. A correlation between the hidden hydrophobicity of a polymer and its polymer immunogenicity is observed when this polymer is conjugated with an immunogenic protein. Such a correlation of hidden hydrophobicity vs. immunogenicity for a polymer also applies to corresponding polymer-protein conjugates. Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results show a similar trend. Based on polyzwitterion modification and with this HIC technique, we are able to produce extremely low-immunogenic protein conjugates as their hydrophilicity is pushed to the limit and their hydrophobicity is eliminated, breaking the current barriers of eliminating anti-drug and anti-polymer antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Pranab Sarker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Howard University Washington D.C. 20059 USA
| | - Chenjue Tang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Howard University Washington D.C. 20059 USA
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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3
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Yuan Z, Li B, Gu W, Luozhong S, Li R, Jiang S. Mitigating the Immunogenicity of AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy with an Immunosuppressive Phosphoserine-Containing Zwitterionic Peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20507-20513. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruoxin Li
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Luozhong S, Yuan Z, Sarmiento T, Chen Y, Gu W, McCurdy C, Gao W, Li R, Wilkens S, Jiang S. Phosphatidylserine Lipid Nanoparticles Promote Systemic RNA Delivery to Secondary Lymphoid Organs. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8304-8311. [PMID: 36194390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are an important target for mRNA delivery in various applications. While the current delivery method relies on the drainage of nanoparticles to lymph nodes by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injections, an efficient mRNA delivery carrier for SLOs-targeting delivery by systemic administration (IV) is highly desirable but yet to be available. In this study, we developed an efficient SLOs-targeting carrier using phosphatidylserine (PS), a well-known signaling molecule that promotes the endocytic activity of phagocytes and cellular entry of enveloped viruses. We adopted these biomimetic strategies and added PS into the standard four-component MC3-based LNP formulation (PS-LNP) to facilitate the cellular uptake of immune cells beyond the charge-driven targeting principle commonly used today. As a result, PS-LNP performed efficient protein expression in both lymph nodes and the spleen after IV administration. In vitro and in vivo characterizations on PS-LNP demonstrated a monocyte/macrophage-mediated SLOs-targeting delivery mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tara Sarmiento
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Caleb McCurdy
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenting Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ruoxin Li
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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McMullen P, Qiao Q, Luozhong S, Cai L, Fang L, Shao Q, Jiang S. Motif-based zwitterionic peptides impact their structure and immunogenicity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10961-10970. [PMID: 36320710 PMCID: PMC9491220 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The linkage of zwitterionic peptides containing alternating glutamic acid (E) and lysine (K) amino acids exhibits protective effects on protein drugs due to their high hydration capacity. Previously, short EK peptides covering the surface of a protein drug showed significant protective effects and low immunogenicity. However, for high-molecular-weight single-chain (HMWSC) zwitterionic peptides, the incorporation of structure-disrupting amino acids such as proline (P), serine (S), and glycine (G) is necessary to improve their protective ability. Herein, we first probe the immunogenicity of eight EK-containing motif-based peptides, six of which incorporate structure-disrupting amino acids P, S, and G, linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). These studies uncover two sequence motifs, EKS and EKG, which show uniquely higher immunogenicity, while the other motifs, especially those containing P, exhibit lower immunogenicity. Additionally, the structure and dynamics of these sequence motifs are computationally modeled by Rosetta protein predictions and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict properties of higher and lower immunogenicity peptides. These simulations revealed peptides with higher immunogenicity, namely EKS and EKG, exhibit regions of charge imbalance. Then, HMWSC zwitterionic sequences were linked to a typical protein drug, interferon-alpha 2a (IFN), which showed consistent immunogenic behaviors. Finally, epitope mapping and alanine scanning experiments using the serum collected from mice injected with HMWSC sequences also implicated a link between charge imbalance and peptide immunogenicity. Structure breaking amino acids, P, S, and G, are incorporated into low immunogenic unstructured zwitterionic peptide fusion proteins. We find unique sequence motifs that exhibit charge balanced conformations and low immunogenicity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMullen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lirong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Li X, Tang C, Liu D, Yuan Z, Hung HC, Luozhong S, Gu W, Wu K, Jiang S. High-Strength and Nonfouling Zwitterionic Triple-Network Hydrogel in Saline Environments. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102479. [PMID: 34387405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic hydrogels have received great attention due to their excellent nonfouling and biocompatible properties, but they suffer from weak mechanical strength in the saline environments important for biomedical and engineering applications due to the "anti-polyelectrolyte" effect. Conventional strategies to introduce hydrophobic or non-zwitterionic components to increase mechanical strength compromise their nonfouling properties. Here, a highly effective strategy is reported to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent nonfouling properties by constructing a pure zwitterionic triple-network (ZTN) hydrogel. The strong electrostatic interaction and network entanglement within the triple-network structure can effectively dissipate energy to toughen the hydrogel and achieve high strength, toughness, and stiffness in saline environments (compressive fracture stress 18.2 ± 1.4 MPa, toughness 1.62 ± 0.03 MJ m-3 , and modulus 0.66 ± 0.03 MPa in seawater environments). Moreover, the ZTN hydrogel is shown to strongly resist the attachment of proteins, bacteria, and cells. The results provide a fundamental understanding to guide the design of tough nonfouling zwitterionic hydrogels for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chenjue Tang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Di Liu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Tsao C, Zhang P, Yuan Z, Dong D, Wu K, Niu L, McMullen P, Luozhong S, Hung HC, Cheng YH, Jiang S. Zwitterionic Polymer Conjugated Glucagon-like Peptide-1 for Prolonged Glycemic Control. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1812-1819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tsao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dianyu Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Liqian Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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9
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Cheng F, Luozhong S, Guo Z, Yu H, Stephanopoulos G. Enhanced Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum Via Metabolic Pathway Regulation. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28869338 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide used in many industries such as medicine, surgery, cosmetics, and food. To avoid potential pathogenicity caused by its native producer, Streptococcus, efforts have been made to create a recombinant host for HA production. In this work, a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum, is engineered for enhanced biosynthesis of HA via metabolic pathway regulation. Five enzymes (HasA-HasE) involved in the HA biosynthetic pathway are highlighted, and eight diverse operon combinations, including HasA, HasAB, HasAC, HasAD, HasAE, HasABC, HasABD, and HasABE, are compared. HasAB and HasABC are found to be optimal for HA biosynthesis in C. glutamicum. To meet the energy demand for HA synthesis, the metabolic pathway that produces lactate is blocked by knocking out the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene using single crossover homologous recombination. Engineered C. glutamicum/Δldh-AB is superior and had a significantly higher HA titer than C. glutamicum/Δldh-ABC. Batch and fed-batch cultures of C. glutamicum/Δldh-AB are performed in a 5-L fermenter. Using glucose feeding, the maximum HA titer reached 21.6 g L-1 , more than threefolds of that of the wild-type Streptococcus. This work provides an efficient, safe, and novel recombinant HA producer, C. glutamicum/Δldh-AB, via metabolic pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Chen H, Cai C, Li S, Ma Y, Luozhong S, Zhu Z. Intermediates Stabilized by Tris(triazolylmethyl)amines in the CuAAC Reaction. Chemistry 2017; 23:4730-4735. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Houston 1441 Moursund St. Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Sijin Luozhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77204-5003 USA
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