1
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Gon M, Morisaki Y, Tanimura K, Tanaka K. Preparation of seven-coordinated hypervalent tin(IV)-fused azobenzene and applications for stimuli-responsive π-conjugated polymer films. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11858-11866. [PMID: 38949783 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy atoms can form highly coordinated states, and their optical properties have attracted much attention. Recently, we have demonstrated that a reversible coordination-number shift of hypervalent tin(IV) from five to six can provide predictable hypsochromic shifts in light absorption and emission properties in small molecules and a π-conjugated polymer film. Herein, we show the preparation of seven-coordinated tin and reveal that the binding constant of the seven coordination with ethylenediamine (EDA, K = 2900 M-1) is 200 times higher than that of six coordination with propylamine (PA, K = 14 M-1) owing to the chelate effect. Moreover, reversible vapochromism of the π-conjugated polymer film was observed upon exposure (λabs = 598 nm and λPL = 697 nm) and desorption (λabs = 641 nm and λPL = 702 nm) of EDA vapor. Furthermore, as a unique demonstration, the thermochromic film was prepared by fixing the seven coordination as the initial state using 1,10-phenanthroline. These optical variations are predictable by quantum chemical calculations. Our findings are valuable for the development of designable and controllable stimuli-responsive materials focusing on the inherent properties of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Ohtani S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Synthesis of Regioregular and Random Boron-Fused Azomethine Conjugated Polymers for Film Morphology Control. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301136. [PMID: 38326231 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Regioregular and random conjugated polymers based on a boron-fused azomethine unit were synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara cross coupling reaction. Although these polymers exhibited similar optical properties in the solution states, a distinct difference was observed in the aggregation forming ability in the film states; scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated the existence of fiber-like aggregates in the spin-coated film of the regioregular polymer, while regiorandom polymer showed no aggregate in the film state. Accordingly, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the regioregular polymer showed an increased shoulder peak due to the aggregate formation, whereas the random one showed no change. Furthermore, an absolute fluorescence quantum efficiency of the regioregular polymer was enhanced in response to the aggregate disassembly via thermal annealing treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that controlling regioregularity of the conjugated polymers can induce the different morphological structures and thermal-responsive behaviors. These findings could be beneficial for the design strategy and potential applications of thin-film optoelectronic devices with stimuli-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Pugliese ER, Benner F, Demir S. From an Isolable Bismolyl Anion to an Yttrium-Bismolyl Complex with μ-Bridging Bismuth(I) Centers and Polar Covalent Y-Bi Bonds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302687. [PMID: 37650379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and first structural characterization of the [K(18-crown-6)] bismolyl Bitet (C4 Me4 Bi) contact ion pair (1) is presented. Notably, according to Natural Resonance Theory calculations, the Bitet anion of 1 features two types of leading mesomeric structures with localized anionic charge and two lone pairs of electrons at the BiI center, as well as delocalized anionic charge in the π-conjugated C4 Bi ring. The lone pairs at Bi enable a unique bridging coordination mode of the bismolyl ligand, as shown for the first rare earth metal bismolyl complex (Cptet 2 Y)2 (μ-η1 -Bitet )2 (2). The latter results from the salt metathesis reaction of KBitet with Cptet 2 Y(BPh4 ) (Cptet =C5 Me4 H). The Y-Bi bonding interaction in 2 of 16.6 % covalency at yttrium is remarkably large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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4
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Ditzler RAJ, King AJ, Towell SE, Ratushnyy M, Zhukhovitskiy AV. Editing of polymer backbones. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:600-615. [PMID: 37542179 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are at the epicentre of modern technological progress and the associated environmental pollution. Considerations of both polymer functionality and lifecycle are crucial in these contexts, and the polymer backbone - the core of a polymer - is at the root of these considerations. Just as the meaning of a sentence can be altered by editing its words, the function and sustainability of a polymer can also be transformed via the chemical modification of its backbone. Yet, polymer modification has primarily been focused on the polymer periphery. In this Review, we focus on the transformations of the polymer backbone by defining some concepts fundamental to this topic (for example, 'polymer backbone' and 'backbone editing') and by collecting and categorizing examples of backbone editing scattered throughout a century's worth of chemical literature, and outline critical directions for further research. In so doing, we lay the foundation for the field of polymer backbone editing and hope to accelerate its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A J Ditzler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J King
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sydney E Towell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maxim Ratushnyy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Matsumura Y, Tanudjaja A, Fukushima M, Higuchi M, Ogino S, Ishidoshiro M, Irie Y, Imoto H, Naka K, Hifumi R, Inagi S, Tomita I. Parallel synthesis of donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymers by post-element transformation of organotitanium polymer. Des Monomers Polym 2023; 26:190-197. [PMID: 37426066 PMCID: PMC10327520 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2023.2233228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The donor-acceptor type π-conjugated polymers having heterole units were prepared by the reaction of a regioregular organometallic polymer having both reactive titanacyclopentadiene and electron-donor thiophene-2,5-diyl units in the main chain with electrophiles such as diphenyltin dichloride, dichlorophenylphosphine, and diiodophenylarsine. For example, a polymer having electron-accepting phosphole unit was obtained in 54% yield whose number-average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) were estimated as 3,000 and 1.9, respectively. The obtained polymer exhibits a high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (-5.13 eV and -3.25 eV, respectively) due to the electron-donating thiophene and electron-accepting phosphole units. Reflecting upon the alternating structure of thiophene and phosphole, the polymer exhibits a band gap energy level (Eg) of 1.78 eV which is narrower than that of a derivative of poly(thiophene) (Eg = 2.25 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, JAPAN
| | - Alvin Tanudjaja
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Mizuki Fukushima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Shin Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Makoto Ishidoshiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Yasuyuki Irie
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Ryoyu Hifumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, JAPAN
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6
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Alahmadi AF, Yin X, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships in Regioisomeric Alternating Borane-Terthiophene Polymers. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203619. [PMID: 36562302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Main-chain boron-containing π-conjugated polymers are attractive for organic electronic, sensing, and imaging applications. Alternating terthiophene-borane polymers were prepared and the effects of regioisomeric attachment of the conjugated linker and variations in the electronic effect of the pendent aryl groups (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl, Mes*; 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, FMes) examined. Pd2 dba3 /P(t-Bu)3 -catalyzed Stille polymerization of arylbis(2-thienyl)borane and arylbis(3-thienylborane) with 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene at 120 °C gave polymers with appreciable molecular weight but MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed evidence of unusually prominent homocoupling. These defects could be suppressed by using brominated rather than iodinated monomers, more hindered 2,5-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)thiophene as comonomer, and Pd2 dba3 /P(o-tol)3 as the catalyst at 100 °C. Under these conditions, macrocyclic species with n=3-10 repeating units formed preferentially according to MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Photophysical studies revealed a prominent effect of the regiochemistry and the nature of the pendent aryl groups on the absorption and emission, giving rise to orange, yellow-green, blue-green, and blue emissive materials respectively. The electronic effects were rationalized through DFT calculations on bis(terthiophene) model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA.,Current address: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/, Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
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7
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Iwasaki S, Miyake Y, Imoto H, Naka K. 1,2,5‐Triarylcycloalka[
c
]arsoles: Structural Effects of Fused‐cycloalkanes on Stability and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202084. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Iwasaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyake
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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8
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Takahara C, Iwasaki S, Kihara H, Miyake Y, Imoto H, Naka K. 4-Aryldithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]arsoles: effects of the As-substituent on the structure, photophysical properties, and stability. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13734-13741. [PMID: 36004456 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole (DTA) is one of the representative arsenic-containing conjugated units. In this work, the effects of the As-substituent on the structure, photophysical properties, and stability were investigated. Surprisingly, the As-substituent affected the structural relaxation and stability in the photo-excited state, while there was negligible effect in the ground state. Bulky substituents resulted in red-shifted emissions due to the relaxation of steric repulsion upon photo-excitation. In addition, the crystal structure highly affected the photo-degradation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Takahara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Suzuka Iwasaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hyota Kihara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Miyake
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. .,Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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9
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Kihara H, Imoto H, Naka K. Synthesis of main-chain-type triphenylarsine polymers. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Tanudjaja A, Higuchi M, Imai T, Matsumura Y, Hifumi R, Inagi S, Tomita I. Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of air-stable π-conjugated polymers containing both thiophene-2,5-diyl and fused titanacycle units. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated poly(arylene ethynylene)s containing both thiophene-2,5-diyl and fused metallacycles units in their alternating sequence were synthesized and their optoelectronic features were studied by the UV-vis spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tanudjaja
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Ryoyu Hifumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
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12
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Development of Long Wavelength Light-Absorptive Homopolymers Based on Pentaazaphenalene by Regioselective Oxidative Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224021. [PMID: 34833319 PMCID: PMC8619047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and absorption properties of homopolymers consisting of 1,3,4,6,9b-pentaazaphenalene (5AP). Oxidative polymerization in the Scholl reaction was accomplished, and various lengths of homopolymers can be isolated. It should be noted that we scarcely observed the generation of structural isomers at the connecting points, which is often observed in this type of reaction. Therefore, we were able to evaluate electronic structures of the synthesized homopolymers. In addition, it was observed that absorption bands were obtained in the longer wavelength region than the monomer. The computer calculation suggests that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels could be lowered by electronic interaction through spatially-separated HOMOs of 5AP. Moreover, we can evaluate the extension of the conjugated system through the meta-substituted skeleton and distance dependency of the main-chain conjugation.
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13
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Kihara H, Imoto H, Naka K. Practical Syntheses and Luminescent Properties of Arene‐substituted Arsines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyota Kihara
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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14
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Rusch P, Duvinage D, Bigall NC, Staubitz A. π-Conjugated stannole copolymers synthesised by a tin-selective Stille cross-coupling reaction. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3282-3293. [PMID: 34124683 PMCID: PMC8142672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four well-defined conjugated polymers TStTT1-4 containing unusual heterocycle units in the main chain, namely stannole units as building blocks, is reported. The stannole-thiophenyl copolymers were generated by tin-selective Stille coupling reactions in nearly quantitative yields of 94% to 98%. NMR data show that the tin atoms in the rings remain unaffected. Weight-average molecular weights (M w) were high (4900-10 900 Da and 9600-21 900 Da); and molecular weight distributions (M w/M n) were between 1.9 and 2.3. The new materials are strongly absorbing and appear blue-black to purple-black. All iodothiophenyl-stannole monomers St1-4 and the resulting bisthiophenyl-stannole copolymers TStTT1-4 were investigated with respect to their optoelectronic properties. The absorption maxima of the polymers are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to their monomers by about 76 nm to 126 nm in chloroform. Density functional theory calculations support our experimental results of the single stannoles St1-4 showing small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of 3.17-3.24 eV. The optical band gaps of the polymers are much more decreased and were determined to be only 1.61-1.79 eV. Furthermore, both the molecular structures of stannoles St2 and St3 from single crystal X-ray analyses and the results of the geometry optimisation by DFT confirm the high planarity of the molecules backbone leading to efficient conjugation within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry Leobener Str. 5 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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15
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Tanudjaja A, Inagi S, Kitamura F, Takata T, Tomita I. An air-stable organometallic polymer containing titanafluorene moieties obtained by the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polycondensation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3037-3043. [PMID: 33570054 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03663c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a polymer containing alternating titanafluorene and arylene ethynylene moieties is described. The polymerization of a 2,7-dibromo-9-titanafluorene derivative with 1,4-dioctyloxy-2,5-diethynylbenzene is carried out at 70 °C for 48 h in tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of palladium dichloride/4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene as a catalyst and diisopropylamine as a base to produce a dark red polymer. The polymer thus obtained is soluble in organic solvents and stable towards both air and moisture. In the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the polymer, the absorption maxima (λmax) are observed at 321 nm and 395 nm, which are bathochromically shifted compared to those of a model compound of the repeating unit, a 2,7-bis(phenylethynyl)titanafluorene derivative (λmax = 309 nm and 364 nm). The optical band gap (Eg) of the polymer is estimated to be 2.8 eV on the basis of the absorption onset, which is narrower than that of the model compound (3.1 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tanudjaja
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
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16
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Ohtani S, Yamada N, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. The effect of alkyl chain lengths on the red-to-near-infrared emission of boron-fused azomethine conjugated polymers and their film-state stimuli-responsivities. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present systematic studies of the dependence of the red-to-near-infrared emission and stimuli-responsive properties of boron-fused azomethine conjugated copolymers on the lengths of the alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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17
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Akioka I, Sumida A, Urushizaki A, Imoto H, Naka K. (
p‐
(Diphenylarsino)phenyl)diphenylphosphine as a Novel Template for Heterodinuclear Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Akioka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Aya Urushizaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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18
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Yin X, Liu J, Jäkle F. Electron‐Deficient Conjugated Materials via p–π* Conjugation with Boron: Extending Monomers to Oligomers, Macrocycles, and Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 27:2973-2986. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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19
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Lee PTK, Samedov K, Belli RG, Clarke CJ, Gates DP, Rosenberg L. A thermolytic route to a polysilyne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14063-14066. [PMID: 33104133 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a safe and convenient method to prepare a new class of network polysilane, or polysilyne ([RSi]n). Simple thermolysis of a readily accessible linear poly(phenylsilane), [PhSiH]n, affords polysilyne [PhSi]n with concomitant evolution of monosilanes. This new polymer shows a hyperbranched structure with unique features not observed in known polysilynes prepared via hazardous Wurtz coupling routes. Despite these differences, our soluble, yellow polysilyne exhibits some important properties associated with the traditional random network structure: it absorbs up to 400 nm in the UV spectrum, yet is stable to photolysis under inert atmosphere. This efficient new synthetic route opens the door to exciting applications for these hyperbranched polymers in materials and device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P. O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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20
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Ishijima K, Tanaka S, Imoto H, Naka K. 2-Arylbenzo[ b]arsoles: an experimental and computational study on the relationship between structural and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15612-15621. [PMID: 32966454 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[b]arsole derivatives, being arsenic analogues of indole, were synthesized by utilizing a safely prepared arsenic precursor. The structural and photophysical properties of the obtained 2-arylbenzo[b]arsoles were experimentally and computationally studied in comparison with those of 1,2,5-triarylarsoles and 9-phenylarsafluorene. It was found that the emission color and/or quantum yield were significantly affected by substituents on the luminescent center and metal-coordination to the arsenic atom. This is the first study on the structure-property relationship of benzo[b]arsole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ishijima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Gashokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Gashokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Gashokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. and Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Gashokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. and Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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21
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Inaba R, Kawashima I, Fujii T, Yumura T, Imoto H, Naka K. Systematic Study on the Catalytic Arsa-Wittig Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:13400-13407. [PMID: 32662545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic arsa-Wittig reactions have been developed by using 1-phenylarsolane as a catalyst. A wide array of aldehydes was converted to the corresponding olefins in high yields with moderate to excellent E stereoselectivity in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1-phenylarsolane. Moreover, density functional theory calculations were carried out to afford insight into the E/Z selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoto Inaba
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of, Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 6068585, Japan
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22
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Synthesis of tellurophene-containing polymer by polycondensation based on the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling process and its transformation to germole-containing π-conjugated polymer. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Tanaka S, Konishi M, Imoto H, Nakamura Y, Ishida M, Furuta H, Naka K. Fundamental Study on Arsenic(III) Halides (AsX 3; X = Br, I) toward the Construction of C3-Symmetrical Monodentate Arsenic Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9587-9593. [PMID: 32515950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic ligands have attracted considerable attention in coordination chemistry. Arsenic(III) halides are the most important starting materials in the preparation of monodentate arsenic ligands. In this work, we optimized the synthetic methodologies of arsenic(III) halides (AsX3; X = Br, I) and examined the difference of their physical properties such as solubility to organic solvent and reactivity to nucleophiles. In addition, a wide variety of monodentate arsenic ligands were prepared with the obtained AsX3. Finally, the obtained monodentate arsenic ligands were utilized for copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the reaction system with porphyrin. The results showed that monodentate arsenic ligands have higher catalytic activity compared with triphenylphosphine because of the difference of the electronic features of lone pairs between arsenic and phosphorus atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Konishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuma Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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24
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The Design Strategy for an Aggregation- and Crystallization-Induced Emission-Active Molecule Based on the Introduction of Skeletal Distortion by Boron Complexation with a Tridentate Ligand. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe here a new design strategy for obtaining boron complexes with aggregation- and crystallization-induced emission (AIE and CIE, respectively) properties based on the introduction of skeletal distortion. According to our recent results, despite the fact that an almost planar structure and robust conjugation were obtained, the boron azomethine complex provided a slight emission in solution and an enhanced emission in aggregation and crystal. Quantum calculation results propose that unexpected emission annihilation in solution could be caused through intramolecular bending in the excited state. Herein, to realize this unique molecular motion and obtain AIE and CIE molecules, the phenyl quinoline-based boron complexes BPhQ and BPhQm with distorted and planar structures were designed and synthesized, respectively. BPhQm showed emission in solution and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ, BPhQm: ΦF,sol. = 0.21, ΦF,agg. = 0.072, ΦF,cryst. = 0.051), while BPhQ exhibited a typical AIE and CIE (BPhQ: ΦF,sol. = 0.008, ΦF,agg. = 0.014, ΦF,cryst. = 0.017). The optical data suggest that a large degree of molecular motion should occur in BPhQ after photo-excitation because of the intrinsic skeletal distortion. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicate that the distorted π-conjugated system plays a positive role in presenting solid-state emission by inhibiting consecutive π–π interactions. We demonstrate in this paper that the introduction of the distorted structure by boron complexation should be a new strategy for realizing AIE and CIE properties.
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25
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Mackenzie HK, Rawe BW, Samedov K, Walsgrove HTG, Uva A, Han Z, Gates DP. A Smart Phosphine–Diyne Polymer Displays “Turn-On” Emission with a High Selectivity for Gold(I/III) Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10319-10324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey K. Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Benjamin W. Rawe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Henry T. G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zeyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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26
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Tanaka S, Enoki T, Imoto H, Ooyama Y, Ohshita J, Kato T, Naka K. Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation and High Oxidation Resistance Enhanced by Arsole-Polymer-Based Photosensitizer: Application as a Recyclable Photooxidation Catalyst. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takuji Kato
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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27
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Ohtani S, Nakamura M, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Synthesis of fully-fused bisboron azomethine complexes and their conjugated polymers with solid-state near-infrared emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6575-6578. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein a robust π-conjugated molecules with solid-state emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region (ΦF = 0.03–0.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University Katsura
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
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28
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29
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Nishiyama H, Zheng F, Inagi S, Fueno H, Tanaka K, Tomita I. Tellurophene-containing π-conjugated polymers with unique heteroatom–heteroatom interactions by post-element-transformation of an organotitanium polymer. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique π-conjugated tellurophene-containing polymer that possesses fully coplanar ring units through a tellurium–oxygen interaction, was prepared by the post-element-transformation of a titanacyclopentadiene-containing reactive precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fueno
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate
- School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate
- School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9
- Yokohama 226-8502
- Japan
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30
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Imoto H, Konishi M, Nishiyama S, Sasaki H, Tanaka S, Yumura T, Naka K. Construction of a Bidentate Arsenic Ligand Library Starting from a Cyclooligoarsine. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Konishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nishiyama
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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31
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Zheng F, Komatsuzaki Y, Shida N, Nishiyama H, Inagi S, Tomita I. Te-Li Exchange Reaction of Tellurophene-Containing π-Conjugated Polymer as Potential Synthetic Tool for Functional π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900171. [PMID: 31373739 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the facts that tellurophene-containing π-conjugated polymers are obtainable from organotitanium polymers and that the tellurium atoms in the tellurophene derivatives can be transformed into lithium atoms, the synthesis of reactive lithiated polymer precursor and its transformations into some functionalized π-conjugated polymers are described. A regioregular organometallic polymer having 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadiene and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl units is generated by the reaction of a tellurophene-containing polymer having the number-average molecular weight (Mn ) and molecular weight distribution (Mw /Mn ) of 5890 and 1.9, respectively, with n-butyllithium (2.4 equiv.) at -78 °C to -60 °C for 3 h. The lithiated polymer thus prepared is subjected to reactions with electrophiles to produce functionalized π-conjugated polymers. For example, a π-conjugated polymer possessing 1,4-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)-1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl unit is obtained in 67% yield by the reaction with tri-n-butyltin chloride (2.4 equiv.) at -60 °C to ambient temperature for 12 h in tetrahydrofuran, whose Mn and Mw /Mn are estimated as 7320 and 2.5, respectively, by size exclusion chromatography. The absorption maximum and onset of the obtained polymer are observed at 380 and 465 nm, respectively, in the UV-vis spectrum, from which the optical band gap of the polymer is estimated as 2.67 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komatsuzaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuda-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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32
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Characterization and Photophysical Properties of a Luminescent Aluminum Hydride Complex Supported by a β-Diketiminate Ligand. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum hydrides are versatile compounds utilized as reducing agents, precursors of aluminum complexes, and as catalysts for polymerization reactions. However, their photophysical properties have been overlooked, although several luminescent aluminum complexes have been utilized conventionally for emitting layers in modern light-emitting devices. Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical properties of a luminescent β-diketiminate dihydride complex through the reaction between lithium aluminum hydride and the corresponding ligand. The obtained compound exhibits crystallization-induced emission (CIE) properties at room temperature and long-lifetime phosphorescence at 80 K. Our experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that low-energy molecular vibration could play an important role in the realization of the CIE property.
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33
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Matsumura Y, Sugihara M, Tan SE, Sato T, Hayashi K, Nishiyama H, Zhou WM, Inagi S, Tomita I. Synthesis of Stannole-Containing π-Conjugated Polymers by Post-Element Transformation of Organotitanium Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800929. [PMID: 31150134 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stannole-2,5-diyl-containing π-conjugated polymers by the post-element transformation of a regioregular organotitanium polymer is described. For example, a 1,1-diphenylstannole-containing polymer is obtained in 83% yield by the reaction of a regioregular organotitanium polymer, which is prepared from 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2,5-diethynylbenzene and a low-valent titanium complex with diphenyltin dichloride at -50 °C to ambient temperature. The number-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (Mn and Mw /Mn ) of the stannole-containing polymer are estimated as 4800 and 1.8, respectively. The obtained polymer is found to have the extended π-conjugated backbone and relatively low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (-3.12 eV), which is supported by its UV-vis absorption spectrum and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. In addition, the stannole-containing polymer is found to be applicable to a chemosensor for fluoride anion where the color and photoluminescence intensity of the polymer solution exhibits a distinct change in the presence of a fluoride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Sugihara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Sia-Er Tan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Zhou
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuyoshi Tomita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259-G1-9, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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34
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Green JP, Cha H, Shahid M, Creamer A, Durrant JR, Heeney M. Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole-containing conjugated polymers in organic photovoltaic devices. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6676-6679. [PMID: 31017156 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsole-derived conjugated polymers are a relatively new class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Herein, we report the synthesis of two new donor polymers containing fused dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]arsole units and report their application in bulk heterojunction solar cells for the first time. Devices based upon blends with PC71BM display high open circuit voltages around 0.9 V and demonstrate power conversion efficiencies around 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Green
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Munazza Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Adam Creamer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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35
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Baek H, Kim J. TDDFT investigation of electronic and optical properties of diaryl-substituted naphtho[1,2-d:5,6-d′]bis-(oxaphosphole) compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Kremláček V, Erben M, Jambor R, Růžička A, Turek J, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Dostál L. From a 2,1‐Benzazaarsole to Elusive 1‐Arsanaphthalenes in One Step. Chemistry 2019; 25:5668-5671. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHT, University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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37
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Oldroyd NL, Chitnis SS, Annibale VT, Arz MI, Sparkes HA, Manners I. Metal-free dehydropolymerisation of phosphine-boranes using cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes as hydrogen acceptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1370. [PMID: 30914640 PMCID: PMC6435733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent carbene carbon centre in cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) is known to exhibit transition-metal-like insertion into E-H σ-bonds (E = H, N, Si, B, P, C, O) with formation of new, strong C-E and C-H bonds. Although subsequent transformations of the products represent an attractive strategy for metal-free synthesis, few examples have been reported. Herein we describe the dehydrogenation of phosphine-boranes, RR'PH·BH3, using a CAAC, which behaves as a stoichiometric hydrogen acceptor to release monomeric phosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2], under mild conditions. The latter species are transient intermediates that either polymerise to the corresponding polyphosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = H, Ph or Et), or are trapped in the form of CAAC-phosphinoborane adducts, CAAC·H2BPRR' (R = R' = tBu; R = R' = Mes). In contrast to previously established methods such as transition metal-catalysed dehydrocoupling, which only yield P-monosubstituted polymers, [RHPBH2]n, the CAAC-mediated route also provides access to P-disubstituted polymers, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = Ph or Et).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Oldroyd
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Vincent T Annibale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Marius I Arz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada.
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38
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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39
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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40
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Arz MI, Annibale VT, Kelly NL, Hanna JV, Manners I. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Phosphonates: Access to Inorganic Polymers with a P V-O Main Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2894-2899. [PMID: 30726071 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new class of inorganic polymeric materials featuring a main chain consisting of PV-O bonds and aryl side groups, which was obtained with >70 repeat units by ring-opening polymerization of cyclic phosphonates. This monomer-polymer system was found to be dynamic in solution enabling selective depolymerization under dilute conditions, which can be tuned by varying the substituents. The polymers show high thermal stability to weight loss and can be easily fabricated into self-standing thin films. Structural characterizations of the cyclic 6- and 12-membered ring precursors are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius I Arz
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T Annibale
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Nicole L Kelly
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom.,MAS CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8W 3V6 , Canada
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41
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Watanabe H, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Independently Tuned Frontier Orbital Energy Levels of 1,3,4,6,9b-Pentaazaphenalene Derivatives by the Conjugation Effect. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2768-2778. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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42
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Imoto H, Naka K. The Dawn of Functional Organoarsenic Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 25:1883-1894. [PMID: 30199115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organoarsenic chemistry was actively studied until the middle of 20th century. Although various properties of organoarsenic compounds have been computationally predicted, for example, frontier orbital levels, aromaticity, and inversion energies, serious concern to the danger of their synthetic processes has restricted experimental studies. Conventional synthetic routes require volatile and toxic arsenic precursors. Recently, nonvolatile intermediate transformation (NIT) methods have been developed to safely access functional organoarsenic compounds. Important intermediates in the NIT methods are cyclooligoarsines, which are prepared from nonvolatile inorganic precursors. In particular, the new approach has realized experimental studies on conjugated arsenic compounds: arsole derivatives. The elucidation of their intrinsic properties has triggered studies on functional organoarsenic chemistry. As a result, various kinds of arsenic-containing π-conjugated molecules and polymers have been reported for the last few years. In this minireview, progress of this recently invigorated field is overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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43
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Chen L, Rawe BW, Adachi K, Gates DP. Phosphorus-Containing Block Copolymers from the Sequential Living Anionic Copolymerization of a Phosphaalkene with Methyl Methacrylate. Chemistry 2018; 24:18012-18019. [PMID: 30426585 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although living polymerization methods are widely applicable to organic monomers, their application to inorganic monomers is rare. For the first time, we show that the living poly(methylenephosphine) (PMPn - ) anion can function as a macroinitiator for olefins. Specifically, the phosphaalkene, MesP=CPh2 (PA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be sequentially copolymerized using the BnLi-TMEDA initiator system in toluene. A series of PMPn -b-PMMAm copolymers with narrow dispersities are accessible (Đ=1.05-1.10). Analysis of the block copolymers provided evidence for -P-CPh2 -CH2 -CMe(CO2 Me)- switching groups. Importantly, this indicates that the -P-CPh2 - anion directly initiates the anionic polymerization of MMA and stands in stark contrast to the isomerization mechanism followed for the homopolymerization of PA. For the first time, the glass transition of a PMPn homopolymer has been measured (Tg =45.1 °C, n=20). The PMPn -b-PMMAm copolymers do not phase separate and show a single Tg which increases with higher PMMA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Rawe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaoru Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Derek P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
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44
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Imoto H, Yamazawa C, Hayashi S, Aono M, Naka K. Electropolymerization of Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]arsole. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Chieko Yamazawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Defense Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa; 239-8686 Japan
| | - Masami Aono
- Department of Material and Engineering; National Defense Academy 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa; 239-8686 Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
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45
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Imoto H, Fujii T, Tanaka S, Yamamoto S, Mitsuishi M, Yumura T, Naka K. As-Heteropentacenes: An Experimental and Computational Study on a Novel Class of Heteroacenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5952-5955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujii
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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46
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Yamazawa C, Imoto H, Naka K. Syntheses of Dithienoarsole-containing Polymers via Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira-Hagihara Coupling Reactions. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Yamazawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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47
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Imoto H, Urushizaki A, Kawashima I, Naka K. Peraryl Arsoles: Practical Synthesis, Electronic Structures, and Solid-State Emission Behaviors. Chemistry 2018; 24:8797-8803. [PMID: 29719074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,5-Tetraaryl-1-phenylarsoles were synthesized by utilizing safely generated diiodophenylarsine and zirconacyclopentadienes. The obtained peraryl arsoles showed aggregation-induced emission (AIE), where intense emission was observed in the solid states (quantum yields up to 0.61), whereas the corresponding solutions were very weakly emissive. The optical and electronic properties were examined by experimental and computational methods. It was elucidated that the aryl groups at the 2,5-positions affected the frontier orbitals and the aromaticity of the arsole core. On the other hand, those at the 1,3,5-positions were perpendicular to the luminophore and effective for a restriction of aggregation-caused quenching. Because the lone pair of the arsenic atom has a sufficient coordination ability due to the low aromaticity of the arsole moiety, a gold(I) chloride complex of 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylarsole was synthesized. The complex formation caused a blue shift of the emission from the bare ligand. Interestingly, the complex showed luminescent mechanochromism; grinding the crystals with a blue emission (λem =445 nm) gave amorphous samples with a greenish-blue emission (λem =496 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Aya Urushizaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawashima
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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48
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Imoto H. Development of macromolecules and supramolecules based on silicon and arsenic chemistries. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Parke SM, Narreto MAB, Hupf E, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Hegmann FA, Rivard E. Understanding the Origin of Phosphorescence in Bismoles: A Synthetic and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7536-7549. [PMID: 29553730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of bismuth heterocycles, termed bismoles, were synthesized via the efficient metallacycle transfer (Bi/Zr exchange) involving readily accessible zirconacycles. The luminescence properties of three structurally distinct bismoles were explored in detail via time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy using ultrafast laser excitation. Moreover, time-dependent density functional theory computations were used to interpret the nature of fluorescence versus phosphorescence in these bismuth-containing heterocycles and to guide the future preparation of luminescent materials containing heavy inorganic elements. Specifically, orbital character at bismuth within excited states is an important factor for achieving enhanced spin-orbit coupling and to promote phosphorescence. The low aromaticity of the bismole rings was demonstrated by formation of a CuCl π-complex, and the nature of the alkene-CuCl interaction was probed by real-space bonding indicators derived from Atoms-In-Molecules, the Electron Localizability Indicator, and the Non-Covalent Interaction index; such tools are of great value in interpreting nonstandard bonding environments within inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Parke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Mary A B Narreto
- Department of Physics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2E1 , Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2G2 , Canada
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50
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Ayhan O, Riensch NA, Glasmacher C, Helten H. Cyclolinear Oligo- and Poly(iminoborane)s: The Missing Link in Inorganic Main-Group Macromolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:5883-5894. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Ayhan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Nicolas A. Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Clemens Glasmacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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