1
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Schoetz MD, Deckers K, Singh G, Ahrweiler E, Hoeppner A, Schoenebeck F. Electrochemistry-Enabled C-Heteroatom Bond Formation of Alkyl Germanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21257-21263. [PMID: 39058901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Because of their robustness and orthogonal reactivity features, alkyl germanes bear significant potential as functional handles for the construction of C(sp3)-rich scaffolds, especially in the context of modular synthetic approaches. However, to date, only radical-based reactivity has been accessible from these functional handles, which limits the types of possible decorations. Here, we describe the first general C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of alkyl germanes (-GeEt3) by leveraging electrochemistry to unlock polar reactivity. This approach allowed us to couple C(sp3)-GeEt3 with a variety of nucleophiles to construct ethers, esters, amines, amides, sulfonamides, sulfides, as well as C-P, C-F, and C-C bonds. The compatibility of the electrochemical approach with a modular synthetic strategy of a C1 motif was also showcased, involving the sequential functionalization of Cl, Bpin, and ultimately GeEt3 via electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Hoeppner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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3
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Ahrweiler E, Schoetz MD, Singh G, Bindschaedler QP, Sorroche A, Schoenebeck F. Triply Selective & Sequential Diversification at C sp 3: Expansion of Alkyl Germane Reactivity for C-C & C-Heteroatom Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401545. [PMID: 38386517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the triply selective and sequential diversification of a single Csp 3 carbon carrying Cl, Bpin and GeEt3 for the modular and programmable construction of sp3-rich molecules. Various functionalizations of Csp 3-Cl and Csp 3-BPin (e.g. alkylation, arylation, homologation, amination, hydroxylation) were tolerated by the Csp 3-GeEt3 group. Moreover, the methodological repertoire of alkyl germane functionalization was significantly expanded beyond the hitherto known Giese addition and arylation to alkynylation, alkenylation, cyanation, halogenation, azidation, C-S bond formation as well as the first demonstration of stereo-selective functionalization of a Csp 3-[Ge] bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Quentin P Bindschaedler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Alba Sorroche
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany)
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4
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Karl TM, Bouayad-Gervais S, Hueffel JA, Sperger T, Wellig S, Kaldas SJ, Dabranskaya U, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Tizzard GJ, Schoenebeck F. Machine Learning-Guided Development of Trialkylphosphine Ni (I) Dimers and Applications in Site-Selective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unknown correlation of a metal's ligand and its resulting preferred speciation in terms of oxidation state, geometry, and nuclearity, a rational design of multinuclear catalysts remains challenging. With the goal to accelerate the identification of suitable ligands that form trialkylphosphine-derived dihalogen-bridged Ni(I) dimers, we herein employed an assumption-based machine learning approach. The workflow offers guidance in ligand space for a desired speciation without (or only minimal) prior experimental data points. We experimentally verified the predictions and synthesized numerous novel Ni(I) dimers as well as explored their potential in catalysis. We demonstrate C-I selective arylations of polyhalogenated arenes bearing competing C-Br and C-Cl sites in under 5 min at room temperature using 0.2 mol % of the newly developed dimer, [Ni(I)(μ-Br)PAd2(n-Bu)]2, which is so far unmet with alternative dinuclear or mononuclear Ni or Pd catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Karl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir Bouayad-Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian A Hueffel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wellig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sherif J Kaldas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, FIN40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, FIN40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southhampton, U.K
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Huo LQ, Wang XH, Zhang Z, Jia Z, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Sustainable and practical formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds employing organo-alkali metal reagents. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1342-1362. [PMID: 36794178 PMCID: PMC9906645 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions are amongst the most widely used methods to directly construct new bonds. In this connection, sustainable and practical protocols, especially transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions, have become the focus in many aspects of synthetic chemistry due to their high efficiency and atom economy. This review summarises recent advances from 2012 to 2022 in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-heteroatom bonds by employing organo-alkali metal reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qiong Huo
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Longgang District Shenzhen China
| | - Xin-Hao Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Longgang District Shenzhen China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Longgang District Shenzhen China .,Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Synthesis, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)Longgang DistrictShenzhenChina,Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina
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6
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Mendel M, Gnägi L, Dabranskaya U, Schoenebeck F. Rapid and Modular Access to Vinyl Cyclopropanes Enabled by Air-stable Palladium(I) Dimer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211167. [PMID: 36226918 PMCID: PMC10107780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While vinyl cyclopropanes are valuable functional groups in drugs or natural products as well as established precursors to trigger a rich variety of synthetic transformations, their reactive nature can make their installation via direct catalytic approaches challenging. We herein present a modular access to (di)vinyl cyclopropanes under very mild conditions and full conservation of stereochemistry, allowing access to the cis or trans cyclopropane- as well as E or Z vinyl-stereochemical relationships. Our protocol relies on air-stable dinuclear PdI catalysis, which enables rapid (<30 min) and selective access to a diverse range of vinyl cyclopropane motifs at room temperature, even on gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Gnägi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uladzislava Dabranskaya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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7
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The applications of organozinc reagents in continuous flow chemistry: Negishi coupling. J Flow Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Turksoy A, Bouayad‐Gervais S, Schoenebeck F. N
‐CF
3
Imidazolidin‐2‐one Derivatives via Photocatalytic and Silver‐Catalyzed Cyclizations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201435. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Turksoy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Samir Bouayad‐Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201475. [PMID: 35263493 PMCID: PMC9314983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the modular construction of molecules from suitable building blocks is a powerful means to more rapidly generate a diversity of molecules than through customized syntheses, the further evolution of the underlying coupling methodology is key to realize widespread applications. We herein disclose a complementary modular coupling approach to the widely employed Suzuki coupling strategy of boron containing precursors, which relies on organogermane containing building blocks as key orthogonal functionality and an electrophilic (rather than nucleophilic) unmasking event paired with air-stable PdI dimer based bond construction. This allows to significantly shorten the reaction times for the iterative coupling steps and/or to close gaps in the accessible compound space, enabling straightforward access also to iodinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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10
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Chen Z, Gu C, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates at the C-Cl site. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4762-4769. [PMID: 35655875 PMCID: PMC9067565 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond. The Pd/SelectPhos system showed excellent chemoselectivity toward the Ar–Cl bond in the presence of the Ar–OTf bond with a broad substrate scope and excellent product yields. The electronic and steric hindrance offered by the –PR2 group of the ligand with the C2-alkyl group was found to be the key factor affecting the reactivity and chemoselectivity of the α-arylation reaction. The chemodivergent approach was also successfully employed in the synthesis of flurbiprofen and its derivatives (e.g., –OMe and –F). Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond is reported. The effects of –PR2 and C2-alkyl groups of the ligands are investigated using experimental and computational methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 Guangdong China
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11
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Selmani A, Schoetz MD, Queen AE, Schoenebeck F. Modularity in the C sp3 Space─Alkyl Germanes as Orthogonal Molecular Handles for Chemoselective Diversification. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D. Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Liu Y, Voloshkin VA, Scattolin T, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Versatile and highly efficient trans‐[Pd(NHC)Cl2(DMS/THT)] precatalysts for C‐C and C‐N coupling reactions in green solvents. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liu
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
| | | | | | - Min Peng
- Universiteit Gent Chemistry BELGIUM
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13
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Kreisel T, Mendel M, Queen AE, Deckers K, Hupperich D, Riegger J, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular Generation of (Iodinated) Polyarenes Using Triethylgermane as Orthogonal Masking Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kreisel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Adele E. Queen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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14
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Wang M, So CM. Inverting Conventional Chemoselectivity in the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction of Polyhalogenated Aryl Triflates with TMS-Arylalkynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:681-685. [PMID: 34978819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed phosphine ligand with a C2-cyclohexyl group on the indole ring was successfully applied in a chemoselective Sonogashira coupling reaction with excellent chemoselectivity, affording an inversion of the conventional chemoselectivity order of C-Br > C-Cl > C-OTf. This study also provided an efficient approach to the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the natural product analogue trimethyl-selaginellin L by merging of chemoselective Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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15
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Kundu G, Opincal F, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Air-Stable Pd I Dimer Enabled Remote Functionalization: Access to Fluorinated 1,1-Diaryl Alkanes with Unprecedented Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113667. [PMID: 34735037 PMCID: PMC9299613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While remote functionalization via chain walking has the potential to enable access to molecules via novel disconnections, such processes require relatively long reaction times and can be in need of elevated temperatures. This work features a remote arylation in less than 10 min reaction time at room temperature over a distance of up to 11 carbons. The unprecedented speed is enabled by the air-stable PdI dimer [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2 t Bu)]2 , which in contrast to its Pt Bu3 counterpart does not trigger direct coupling at the initiation site, but regioconvergent and chemoselective remote functionalization to yield valuable fluorinated 1,1-diaryl alkanes. Our combined experimental and computational studies rationalize the origins of switchability, which are primarily due to differences in dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Filip Opincal
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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16
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Kundu G, Opincal F, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Air‐Stable Pd
I
Dimer Enabled Remote Functionalization: Access to Fluorinated 1,1‐Diaryl Alkanes with Unprecedented Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Filip Opincal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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17
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Nishiuchi T, Sotome H, Shimizu K, Miyasaka H, Kubo T. 1,2,3-Tri(9-anthryl)benzene: Photophysical Properties and Solid State Intermolecular Interactions of Radially Arranged, Congested Aromatic π-Planes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104245. [PMID: 34910331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the Negishi coupling based synthesis of 1,2,3-tri(9-anthryl)benzene derivatives, containing three radially arranged anthracenes in a π-cluster. In the crystalline state of the unsubstituted derivative, intermolecular π-π and CH-π interactions between the anthracene units drive the formation of a two-dimensional packing structure. Owing to though-space π-conjugation between anthracene units, the substances have unique electronic properties. The excited state dynamic behavior occurring between the three radially arranged anthracene moieties, such as exciton localization/delocalization, was elucidated by means of transient absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations. Interestingly, even though the three anthracenes are closely oriented with a ca. 3.0 Å distances between their C-9 positions, exciton localization on two anthracene units is energetically favorable because of the flexible nature of the radially arranged aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Osaka University, Department of Chemistry, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Osaka, JAPAN
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku, Graduate School of Engineering Science, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, JAPAN
| | - Kazuto Shimizu
- Osaka University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Osaka Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu, Chemistry, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Osaka University - Toyonaka Campus: Osaka Daigaku - Toyonaka Campus, Graduate School of Engineering Science, 560-8531, Toyonaka, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Osaka University School of Science Graduate School of Science: Osaka Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu, Chemistry, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, JAPAN
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18
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Appleby KM, Dzotsi E, Scott NWJ, Dexin G, Jeddi N, Whitwood AC, Pridmore NE, Hart S, Duckett SB, Fairlamb IJS. Bridging the Gap from Mononuclear Pd II Precatalysts to Pd Nanoparticles: Identification of Intermediate Linear [Pd 3(XPh 3) 4] 2+ Clusters as Catalytic Species for Suzuki–Miyaura Couplings (X = P, As). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Appleby
- Centre for Hyperpolorisation, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Evans Dzotsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil W. J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Guan Dexin
- Centre for Hyperpolorisation, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Neda Jeddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie E. Pridmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolorisation, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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19
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Scott NWJ, Ford MJ, Husbands DR, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS. Reactivity of a Dinuclear Pd I Complex [Pd 2(μ-PPh 2)(μ 2-OAc)(PPh 3) 2] with PPh 3: Implications for Cross-Coupling Catalysis Using the Ubiquitous Pd(OAc) 2/nPPh 3 Catalyst System. Organometallics 2021; 40:2995-3002. [PMID: 34539028 PMCID: PMC8441971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
[PdI2(μ-PPh2)(μ2-OAc)(PPh3)2] is
the reduction product
of PdII(OAc)2(PPh3)2,
generated by reaction of ‘Pd(OAc)2’ with
two equivalents of PPh3. Here, we report that the reaction
of [PdI2(μ-PPh2)(μ2-OAc)(PPh3)2] with PPh3 results
in a nuanced disproportionation reaction, forming [Pd0(PPh3)3] and a phosphinito-bridged PdI-dinuclear
complex, namely [PdI2(μ-PPh2){κ2-P,O-μ-P(O)Ph2}(κ-PPh3)2]. The latter complex is proposed to form by
abstraction of an oxygen atom from an acetate ligand at Pd. A mechanism
for the formal reduction of a putative PdII disproportionation
species to the observed PdI complex is postulated. Upon
reaction of the mixture of [Pd0(PPh)3] and [PdI2(μ-PPh2){κ2-P,O-μ-P(O)Ph2}(κ-PPh3)2] with 2-bromopyridine,
the former Pd0 complex undergoes a fast oxidative addition
reaction, while the latter dinuclear PdI complex converts
slowly to a tripalladium cluster, of the type [Pd3(μ-X)(μ-PPh2)2(PPh3)3]X, with an overall
4/3 oxidation state per Pd. Our findings reveal complexity
associated with the precatalyst activation step for the ubiquitous
‘Pd(OAc)2’/nPPh3 catalyst system,
with implications for cross-coupling catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Ford
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - David R Husbands
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J S Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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20
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Scott NW, Ford MJ, Jeddi N, Eyles A, Simon L, Whitwood AC, Tanner T, Willans CE, Fairlamb IJS. A Dichotomy in Cross-Coupling Site Selectivity in a Dihalogenated Heteroarene: Influence of Mononuclear Pd, Pd Clusters, and Pd Nanoparticles-the Case for Exploiting Pd Catalyst Speciation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9682-9693. [PMID: 34152135 PMCID: PMC8297865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective dihalogenated heteroarene cross-coupling with organometallic reagents usually occurs at the halogen proximal to the heteroatom, enabled by intrinsic relative electrophilicity, particularly in strongly polarized systems. An archetypical example is the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMCC) of 2,4-dibromopyridine with organoboron species, which typically exhibit C2-arylation site-selectivity using mononuclear Pd (pre)catalysts. Given that Pd speciation, particularly aggregation, is known to lead to the formation of catalytically competent multinuclear Pdn species, the influence of these species on cross-coupling site-selectivity remains largely unknown. Herein, we disclose that multinuclear Pd species, in the form of Pd3-type clusters and nanoparticles, switch arylation site-selectivity from C2 to C4, in 2,4-dibromopyridine cross-couplings with both organoboronic acids (SMCC reactions) and Grignard reagents (Kumada-type reactions). The Pd/ligand ratio and the presence of suitable stabilizing salts were found to be critically important in switching the site-selectivity. More generally, this study provides experimental evidence that aggregated Pd catalyst species not only are catalytically competent but also alter reaction outcomes through changes in product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil W.
J. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Ford
- Bayer
AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse
50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Neda Jeddi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Eyles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lauriane Simon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Tanner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Willans
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North
Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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21
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So CM, Yuen OY, Ng SS, Chen Z. General Chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Polyhalogenated Aryl Triflates Enabled by an Alkyl-Heteroaryl-Based Phosphine Ligand. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Selmani A, Schoenebeck F. Transition-Metal-Free, Formal C–H Germylation of Arenes and Styrenes via Dibenzothiophenium Salts. Org Lett 2021; 23:4779-4784. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10632-10636. [PMID: 33605516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reactions between organozinc compounds and (hetero)aryl bromides have been reported when using bulk water as the reaction medium in the presence of NaCl or the biodegradable choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture. Both C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) and C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) couplings have been found to proceed smoothly, with high chemoselectivity, under mild conditions (room temperature or 60 °C) in air, and in competition with protonolysis. Additional benefits include very short reaction times (20 s), good to excellent yields (up to 98 %), wide substrate scope, and the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. The proposed novel protocol is scalable, and the practicability of the method is further highlighted by an easy recycling of both the catalyst and the eutectic mixture or water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia S Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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24
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Dilauro G, Azzollini CS, Vitale P, Salomone A, Perna FM, Capriati V. Scalable Negishi Coupling between Organozinc Compounds and (Hetero)Aryl Bromides under Aerobic Conditions when using Bulk Water or Deep Eutectic Solvents with no Additional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilauro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Claudia S. Azzollini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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25
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Reeves EK, Entz ED, Neufeldt SR. Chemodivergence between Electrophiles in Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:6161-6177. [PMID: 33206420 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent cross-couplings are those in which either one of two (or more) potentially reactive functional groups can be made to react based on choice of conditions. In particular, this review focuses on cross-couplings involving two different (pseudo)halides that can compete for the role of the electrophilic coupling partner. The discussion is primarily organized by pairs of electrophiles including chloride vs. triflate, bromide vs. triflate, chloride vs. tosylate, and halide vs. halide. Some common themes emerge regarding the origin of selectivity control. These include catalyst ligation state and solvent polarity or coordinating ability. However, in many cases, further systematic studies will be necessary to deconvolute the influences of metal identity, ligand, solvent, additives, nucleophilic coupling partner, and other factors on chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Reeves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Emily D Entz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
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26
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Boudjelel M, Sadek O, Mallet-Ladeira S, García-Rodeja Y, Sosa Carrizo ED, Miqueu K, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Phosphine–Borane Ligands Induce Chemoselective Activation and Catalytic Coupling of Acyl Chlorides at Palladium. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boudjelel
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée,
UMR 5069, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Omar Sadek
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée,
UMR 5069, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, FR 2599, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau 64053 Cedex 09, France
| | - E. Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau 64053 Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, Pau 64053 Cedex 09, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée,
UMR 5069, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée,
UMR 5069, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
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27
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene‐Based Cyclic π‐Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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28
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Nishiuchi T, Kisaka K, Kubo T. Synthesis of Anthracene-Based Cyclic π-Clusters and Elucidation of their Properties Originating from Congested Aromatic Planes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5400-5406. [PMID: 33219584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and properties of anthracene-based cyclic π-clusters which possess two and four anthracene units are discussed. The optimal cyclization conditions were determined based on a nickel(0)-mediated reaction that afforded a cyclic anthracene dimer as the major product. Bringing two anthracene planes in close proximity in a face-to-face manner resulted in red-shifted absorption owing to the narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap. The cyclic anthracene dimer exhibits multi-stimuli responsiveness due to high π-congestion. For example, photoirradiation on the anthracene dimer affords its photoisomer having C-C bonds that are longer than 1.65 Å, which can undergo thermal reversion under gentle heating. This enabled mechanochromism of the photoisomer (colorless) to the original anthracene dimer (red). Photoisomerization was also observed in the crystalline state, accompanied by crystal jumping or collapsing, that is, the photosalient effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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29
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30
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Fricke C, Sperger T, Mendel M, Schoenebeck F. Catalysis with Palladium(I) Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3355-3366. [PMID: 33058375 PMCID: PMC7898807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear PdI complexes have found widespread applications as diverse catalysts for a multitude of transformations. Initially their ability to function as pre-catalysts for low-coordinated Pd0 species was harnessed in cross-coupling. Such PdI dimers are inherently labile and relatively sensitive to oxygen. In recent years, more stable dinuclear PdI -PdI frameworks, which feature bench-stability and robustness towards nucleophiles as well as recoverability in reactions, were explored and shown to trigger privileged reactivities via dinuclear catalysis. This includes the predictable and substrate-independent, selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes as well as couplings of arenes with relatively weak nucleophiles, which would not engage in Pd0 /PdII catalysis. This Minireview highlights the use of dinuclear PdI complexes as both pre-catalysts for the formation of highly active Pd0 and PdII -H species as well as direct dinuclear catalysts. Focus is set on the mechanistic intricacies, the speciation and the impacts on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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31
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Sun X, Dong X, Liu H, Liu Y. Recent Progress in Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering Shandong University of Technology 266 West Xincun Road Zibo 255049 People's Republic of China
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32
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Golding WA, Schmitt HL, Phipps RJ. Systematic Variation of Ligand and Cation Parameters Enables Site-Selective C-C and C-N Cross-Coupling of Multiply Chlorinated Arenes through Substrate-Ligand Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21891-21898. [PMID: 33332114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of attractive noncovalent interactions between ligand and substrate is an emerging strategy for controlling positional selectivity. A key question relates to whether fine control on molecules with multiple, closely spaced reactive positions is achievable using typically less directional electrostatic interactions. Herein, we apply a 10-piece "toolkit" comprising of two closely related sulfonated phosphine ligands and five bases, each possessing varying cation size, to the challenge of site-selective cross-coupling of multiply chlorinated arenes. The fine tuning provided by these ligand/base combinations is effective for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Buchwald-Hartwig coupling on a range of isomeric dichlorinated and trichlorinated arenes, substrates that would produce intractable mixtures when typical ligands are used. This study develops a practical solution for site-selective cross-coupling to generate complex, highly substituted arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik L Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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33
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Kundu G, Sperger T, Rissanen K, Schoenebeck F. A Next-Generation Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C-C Coupling in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21930-21934. [PMID: 32810335 PMCID: PMC7756449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a new air-stable PdI dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PCy2 t Bu)]2 , which triggers E-selective olefin migration to enamides and styrene derivatives in the presence of multiple functional groups and with complete tolerance of air. The same dimer also triggers extremely rapid C-C coupling (alkylation and arylation) at room temperature in a modular and triply selective fashion of aromatic C-Br, C-OTf/OFs, and C-Cl bonds in poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes, displaying superior activity over previous PdI dimer generations for substrates that bear substituents ortho to C-OTf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyvaskyla40014JYUFinland
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34
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Kundu G, Sperger T, Rissanen K, Schoenebeck F. A Next‐Generation Air‐Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C−C Coupling in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Center University of Jyvaskyla 40014 JYU Finland
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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35
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Charboneau DJ, Barth EL, Hazari N, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. A Widely Applicable Dual Catalytic System for Cross-Electrophile Coupling Enabled by Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12642-12656. [PMID: 33628617 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dual catalytic system for cross-electrophile coupling reactions between aryl halides and alkyl halides that features a Ni catalyst, a Co cocatalyst, and a mild homogeneous reductant is described. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Ni catalyst activates the aryl halide, while the Co cocatalyst activates the alkyl halide. This allows the system to be rationally optimized for a variety of substrate classes by simply modifying the loadings of the Ni and Co catalysts based on the reaction product profile. For example, the coupling of aryl bromides and aryl iodides with alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, and benzyl chlorides is demonstrated using the same Ni and Co catalysts under similar reaction conditions but with different optimal catalyst loadings in each case. Our system is tolerant of numerous functional groups and is capable of coupling heteroaryl halides, di-ortho-substituted aryl halides, pharmaceutically relevant druglike aryl halides, and a diverse range of alkyl halides. Additionally, the dual catalytic platform facilitates a series of selective one-pot three-component cross-electrophile coupling reactions of bromo(iodo)arenes with two distinct alkyl halides. This demonstrates the unique level of control that the platform provides and enables the rapid generation of molecular complexity. The system can be readily utilized for a wide range of applications as all reaction components are commercially available, the reaction is scalable, and toxic amide-based solvents are not required. It is anticipated that this strategy, as well as the underlying mechanistic framework, will be generalizable to other cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L. Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R. Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Merck & Co., Inc., Department of Process Research and Development, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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36
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Fricke C, Deckers K, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal Stability and Reactivity of Aryl Germanes Enables Rapid and Selective (Multi)Halogenations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18717-18722. [PMID: 32656881 PMCID: PMC7590071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While halogenation is of key importance in synthesis and radioimaging, the currently available repertoire is largely designed to introduce a single halogen per molecule. This report makes the selective introduction of several different halogens accessible. Showcased here is the privileged stability of nontoxic aryl germanes under harsh fluorination conditions (that allow selective fluorination in their presence), while displaying superior reactivity and functional-group tolerance in electrophilic iodinations and brominations, outcompeting silanes or boronic esters under rapid and additive-free conditions. Mechanistic experiments and computational studies suggest a concerted electrophilic aromatic substitution as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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37
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Fricke C, Deckers K, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal Stability and Reactivity of Aryl Germanes Enables Rapid and Selective (Multi)Halogenations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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38
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C−GeEt
3
) over C−Bpin, C−SiR
3
and Halogens Enabled by Light‐Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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39
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C-GeEt 3 ) over C-Bpin, C-SiR 3 and Halogens Enabled by Light-Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15543-15548. [PMID: 32392397 PMCID: PMC7496160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective Csp 2 -Csp 2 couplings are powerful strategies for the rapid and programmable construction of bi- or multiaryls. To this end, the next frontier of synthetic modularity will likely arise from harnessing the coupling space that is orthogonal to the powerful Pd-catalyzed coupling regime. This report details the realization of this concept and presents the fully selective arylation of aryl germanes (which are inert under Pd0 /PdII catalysis) in the presence of the valuable functionalities C-BPin, C-SiMe3 , C-I, C-Br, C-Cl, which in turn offer versatile opportunities for diversification. The protocol makes use of visible light activation combined with gold catalysis, which facilitates the selective coupling of C-Ge with aryl diazonium salts. Contrary to previous light-/gold-catalyzed couplings of Ar-N2 + , which were specialized in Ar-N2 + scope, we present conditions to efficiently couple electron-rich, electron-poor, heterocyclic and sterically hindered aryl diazonium salts. Our computational data suggest that while electron-poor Ar-N2 + salts are readily activated by gold under blue-light irradiation, there is a competing dissociative deactivation pathway for excited electron-rich Ar-N2 + , which requires an alternative photo-redox approach to enable productive couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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40
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N-Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11908-11912. [PMID: 32293088 PMCID: PMC7384184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first efficient strategy to synthesize a broad range of unsymmetrical N-CF3 hydrazines, which served as platform to unlock numerous currently inaccessible derivatives, such as tri- and tetra-substituted N-CF3 hydrazines, hydrazones, sulfonyl hydrazines, and valuable N-CF3 indoles. These compounds proved to be remarkably robust, being compatible with acids, bases, and a wide range of synthetic manipulations. The feasibility of RN(CF3 )-NH2 to function as a directing group in C-H functionalization is also showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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41
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Selmani A, Gevondian AG, Schoenebeck F. Germylation of Arenes via Pd(I) Dimer Enabled Sulfonium Salt Functionalization. Org Lett 2020; 22:4802-4805. [PMID: 32491868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While aryl germanes have recently found usage as coupling partners in powerful catalytic applications, the synthetic access to this promising functionality is currently limited. This report details the straightforward synthesis of functionalized aryl triethylgermanes via formal C-H functionalization. Building on the concept of directing-group-free and site-selective C-H functionalization of arenes to thianthrenium salt intermediates, we showcase their efficient couplings with triethylgermane (Et3Ge-H) at room temperature, which was enabled by the air- and moisture-stable Pd(I) dimer, [Pd(μ-I)(PtBu3)]2. The method tolerates numerous functional groups, including valuable (pseudo)halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Avetik G Gevondian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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42
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Jeon YK, Lee JY, Kim SE, Kim WS. Highly Selective Room-Temperature Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Bromo-2-sulfonyloxypyridines for Unsymmetrical Diarylpyridines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7399-7412. [PMID: 32370500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new and mild synthetic approach has been developed for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important unsymmetrical diarylpyridines via chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of bromo-2-sulfonyloxypyridines. Most reactions allow for facile access to aryl-2-sulfonyloxypyridines at room temperature in yields of 5-99% with excellent chemoselectivity in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (2.0 mol %) and Ad2BnP (2.4 mol %). The second arylation of the remaining tosyl or triflyl group in the monoarylpyridine derivatives obtained was successfully accomplished for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-diarylpyridine derivatives. Furthermore, a one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylpyridines starting from bromo-2-sulfonyloxypyridine was accomplished to demonstrate the practical convenience. Finally, with this method, an antibacterial agent, a topoisomerase inhibitor, and etoricoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were successfully synthesized from the corresponding bromo-2-hydroxypyridines in overall yields of 80, 86, and 49%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyo Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
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43
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N
‐Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouayad‐Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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44
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Kalvet I, Deckers K, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Magnin G, Sperger T, Kremer M, Schoenebeck F. Selective ortho-Functionalization of Adamantylarenes Enabled by Dispersion and an Air-Stable Palladium(I) Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7721-7725. [PMID: 32065717 PMCID: PMC7317867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to the general belief that Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling at sites of severe steric hindrance are disfavored, we herein show that the oxidative addition to C-Br ortho to an adamantyl group is as favored as the corresponding adamantyl-free system due to attractive dispersion forces. This enabled the development of a fully selective arylation and alkylation of C-Br ortho to an adamantyl group, even if challenged with competing non-hindered C-OTf or C-Cl sites. The method makes use of an air-stable PdI dimer and enables straightforward access to diversely substituted therapeutically important adamantylarenes in 5-30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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45
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Taeufer T, Pospech J. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of N,N-Dimethylanilines via Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of (Hetero)aryl Triflates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7097-7111. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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46
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Shaughnessy KH. Monodentate Trialkylphosphines: Privileged Ligands in Metal-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200211114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphines are widely used ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Arylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, were among the first phosphines to show
broad utility in catalysis. Beginning in the late 1990s, sterically demanding and electronrich
trialkylphosphines began to receive attention as supporting ligands. These ligands
were found to be particularly effective at promoting oxidative addition in cross-coupling
of aryl halides. With electron-rich, sterically demanding ligands, such as tri-tertbutylphosphine,
coupling of aryl bromides could be achieved at room temperature. More
importantly, the less reactive, but more broadly available, aryl chlorides became accessible
substrates. Tri-tert-butylphosphine has become a privileged ligand that has found application
in a wide range of late transition-metal catalyzed coupling reactions. This success
has led to the use of numerous monodentate trialkylphosphines in cross-coupling reactions. This review
will discuss the general properties and features of monodentate trialkylphosphines and their application in
cross-coupling reactions of C–X and C–H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, United States
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47
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Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Gold-Catalyzed Chemoselective Couplings of Polyfluoroarenes with Aryl Germanes and Downstream Diversification. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7754-7759. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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48
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Selmani A, Darses S. Construction of 1-Tetralols Bearing Two Contiguous Quaternary Chiral Centers through a Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2020; 22:2681-2686. [PMID: 32167309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient access to polyfunctionnalized chiral 1-tetralols, bearing two contiguous quaternary carbon stereocenters, has been developed from various and easily accessible alkynyl-1,3-diketones, through a cascade process including a regioselective alkyne insertion, a 1,4-Rh shift, and a nucleophilic addition step via the desymmetrization of the 1,3-diketone moiety thanks to an appropriate rhodium-chiral diene complex in the presence of arylboronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Selmani
- PSL Université Paris, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Darses
- PSL Université Paris, Chimie ParisTech - CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences (i-CLeHS), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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49
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Kalvet I, Deckers K, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Magnin G, Sperger T, Kremer M, Schoenebeck F. Selective
ortho
‐Functionalization of Adamantylarenes Enabled by Dispersion and an Air‐Stable Palladium(I) Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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50
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Mendel M, Kalvet I, Hupperich D, Magnin G, Schoenebeck F. Site-Selective, Modular Diversification of Polyhalogenated Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO 2 F) Enabled by an Air-Stable Pd I Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2115-2119. [PMID: 31733009 PMCID: PMC7003813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since 2014, the interest in aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO2 F) as well as their implementation in powerful applications has continuously grown. In this context, the enabling capability of ArOSO2 F will strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the arene, which ultimately dictates its overall function as drug candidate, material, or bio-linker. This report showcases the modular, substrate-independent, and fully predictable, selective functionalization of polysubstituted arenes bearing C-OSO2 F, C-Br, and C-Cl sites, which makes it possible to diversify the arene in the presence of OSO2 F or utilize OSO2 F as a triflate surrogate. Sequential and triply selective arylations and alkylations were realized within minutes at room temperature, using a single and air-stable PdI dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mendel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Daniel Hupperich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Guillaume Magnin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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