1
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Li DJ, Liu XL, Liao YZ, Zhao Y, Pan F. Photocatalytic Regioselective Redox-Neutral 1,3-Oxypyridylation of Aryl Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:8063-8068. [PMID: 39283009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Pyridines and cyclopropanes are important structural units in chemistry. Herein, we introduce a photoredox-catalyzed approach for the ring opening and 1,3-oxypyridylation of aryl cyclopropanes using 4-cyanopyridines and carboxylic acids. This sequential process involves single-electron oxidation of the aryl cyclopropane, leading to nucleophilic ring opening and radical pyridylation at the benzylic position. The redox-neutral reaction exhibits high regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions, offering a broad substrate scope and wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Zhi Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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2
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Qi J, Wang C, Wang G, O'Neill P, Reddy Dubbaka S, Ting Ang H, Chen X, Wu J. Strain-Release-Driven Electrochemical Skeletal Rearrangement of Non-Biased Alkyl Cyclopropanes/Butanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202413723. [PMID: 39264356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202413723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Capitalizing the inherent strain energy within molecules, strain-release-driven reactions have been widely employed in organic synthesis. Small cycloalkanes like cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, with their moderate ring strain, typically require dense functionalization to induce bias or distal activation of (hetero) aromatic rings via single-electron oxidation for relieving the tension. In this study, we present a pioneering direct activation of alkyl cyclopropanes/butanes through electrochemical oxidation. This approach not only showcases the potential for ring-opening of cyclopropane/butane under electrochemical conditions but also streamlines the synthesis of diverse oxazolines and oxazines. The applicability of our method is exemplified by its broad substrate scopes. Notably, the products derived from cyclobutanes undergo a formal ring contraction to cyclopropanes, introducing an intriguing aspect to our discoveries. These discoveries mark a significant advancement in strain-release-driven skeletal rearrangement reactions of moderately strained rings, offering sustainable and efficient synthetic pathways for future endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chu Wang
- Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Patrick O'Neill
- Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals, Process Development Centre, Ringaskiddy, Co-Cork, Ireland, 637578
| | - Srinivas Reddy Dubbaka
- Pfizer Asia Manufacturing Pte Ltd, Manufacturing Technology Development Centre (MTDC), Synapse Building, #05-17, 3 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138623, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hwee Ting Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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3
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Templ J, Schnürch M. High-Energy Ball Milling Enables an Ultra-Fast Wittig Olefination Under Ambient and Solvent-free Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202411536. [PMID: 39207262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202411536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
30 Seconds to success!-The Wittig reaction, a fundamental and extensively utilized reaction in organic chemistry, enables the efficient conversion of carbonyl compounds to olefins using phosphonium salts. Traditionally, meticulous reaction setup, including the pre-formation of a reactive ylide species via deprotonation of a phosphonium salt, is crucial for achieving high-yielding reactions under classical solution-based conditions. In this report, we present an unprecedented protocol for an ultra-fast mechanically induced Wittig reaction under solvent-free and ambient conditions, often eliminating the need for tedious ylide pre-formation under strict air and moisture exclusion. A range of aldehydes and ketones were reacted with diverse phosphonium salts under high-energy ball milling conditions, frequently giving access to the respective olefins in only 30 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/E163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- TU Wien, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/E163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Li S, Hu C, Leo Liu L, Wu L. Selective Hydroboration of C-C Single Bonds without Transition-Metal Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412368. [PMID: 39090033 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Selective hydroboration of C-C single bonds presents a fundamental challenge in the chemical industry. Previously, only catalytic systems utilizing precious metals Ir and Rh, in conjunction with N- and P- ligands, could achieve this, ensuring bond cleavage and selectivity. In sharp contrast, we discovered an unprecedented and general transition-metal-free system for the hydroboration of C-C single bonds. This methodology is transition-metal and ligand-free and surpasses the transition-metal systems regarding chemo- and regioselectivities, substrate versatility, or yields. In addition, our system tolerates various functional groups such as Ar-X (X=halides), heterocyclic rings, ketones, esters, amides, nitro, nitriles, and C=C double bonds, which are typically susceptible to hydroboration in the presence of transition metals. As a result, a diverse range of γ-boronated amines with varied structures and functions has been readily obtained. Experimental mechanistic studies, density functional theory (DFT), and intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) calculations unveiled a hydroborane-promoted C-C bond cleavage and hydride-shift reaction pathway. The carbonyl group of the amide suppresses dehydrogenation between the free N-H and hydroborane. The lone pair on the nitrogen of the amide facilitates the cleavage of C-C bonds in cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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5
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Huang H, Luan X, Zuo Z. Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Cyclopropylamides towards Allylic N,O-Acyl-acetal Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401579. [PMID: 38609328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a novel photoredox and cobalt co-catalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of mono-donor cyclopropanes. This sustainable and atom-economic approach allows the rapid assembly of a wide range of allylic N,O-acyl-acetal derivatives. The starting materials are readily available and the reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group compatibility. The optimized conditions accommodate assorted cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating further utility in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, selective nucleophilic substitutions with various carbon nucleophiles were achieved in a one-pot fashion, offering a reliable avenue to access some cyclic and acyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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6
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Darzina M, Jirgensons A. Electrochemical Formation of Oxazolines by 1,3-Oxyfluorination of Non-activated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2158-2162. [PMID: 38456832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The C-C bond in non-activated cyclopropanes can be intramolecularly cleaved with an electrochemically generated amidyl radical forming oxazolines. In the presence of TBABF4, this provides 1,3-oxyfluorination products. C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropane proceeds with inversion of the configuration, suggesting an intramolecular homolytic substitution (SHi) mechanism. The performance of TBABF4 as an efficient fluoride source was explained by accumulation of the BF4- anion at the anode surface, at which a carbocation is formed by the oxidation of the C-centered radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Darzina
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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7
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Parr JM, Crimmin MR. Carbon-carbon bond activation by Mg, Al, and Zn complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11012-11021. [PMID: 37860653 PMCID: PMC10583701 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Examples of carbon-carbon bond activation reactions at Mg, Al, and Zn are described in this review. Several distinct mechanisms for C-C bond activation at these metals have been proposed, with the key C-C bond activation step occurring by (i) α-alkyl elimination, (ii) β-alkyl elimination, (iii) oxidative addition, or (iv) an electrocyclic reaction. Many of the known pathways involve an overall 2-electron redox process. Despite this, the direct oxidative addition of C-C bonds to these metals is relatively rare, instead most reactions occur through initial installation of the metal on a hydrocarbon scaffold (e.g. by a cycloaddition reaction or hydrometallation) followed by an α-alkyl or β-alkyl elimination step. Emerging applications of Mg, Al, and Zn complexes as catalysts for the functionalisation of C-C bonds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Parr
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London 82 Wood Lane, White City London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London 82 Wood Lane, White City London W12 0BZ UK
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8
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Yue Y, Song Y, Zhao S, Zhang C, Zhu C, Feng C. Electrooxidative Fluorofunctionalization of Arylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7385-7389. [PMID: 37769018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The work herein demonstrates the viability of an electrochemical oxidative protocol for the expedient realization of 1,3-fluorofunctionalization of arylcyclopropanes under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. Given the relatively low nucleophilicity of fluoride ion, the counterintuitive outcome that the ring-opening is initiated by nucleophilic fluorination is rationalized by invoking tight ion pair between aryl radical cation and BF4- counterion. By integrating alcohols, acids, and N-heterocycles as the terminating nucleophiles, straightforward 1,3-fluorooxygenation and 1,3-fluoroamination are smoothly achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yue
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering of Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Song
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuan Zhu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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9
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Akram MO, Tidwell JR, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Bis(1-Methyl-ortho-Carboranyl)Borane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307040. [PMID: 37338991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis superacid, bis(1-methyl-ortho-carboranyl)borane, is rapidly accessed in two steps. It is a very effective hydroboration reagent capable of B-H addition to alkenes, alkynes, and cyclopropanes. To date, this is the first identified Lewis superacidic secondary borane and most reactive neutral hydroboration reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjur O Akram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - John R Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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10
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Wang SJ, Wang L, Tang XY. Synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of B(C 6F 5) 3·H 2O/amides complex: Application in photoredox catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:106528. [PMID: 37128550 PMCID: PMC10148046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B(C6F5)3·H2O has been long recognized as a common Brønsted acid. The lack of X-ray crystal structure of B(C6F5)3·H2O with other substrates has greatly limited the development of a new catalytic mode. In this work, a complex of B(C6F5)3·H2O and amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one with hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions is characterized by X-ray diffraction. Such noncovalent interactions in solution also exist, as verified by NMR, UV-Vis absorption, and fluorescence emission measurements. Moreover, the mixture of amide 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and B(C6F5)3·H2O, instead of other tested Brønsted acids, shows a tailing absorption band in the visible light region (400-450 nm). Based on the photoactive properties of the complex, a photoredox catalysis is developed to construct α-aminoamides under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica and Semiconductor Chemistry Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author
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11
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Liu K, Wang G, Zhang ZW, Shi YY, Ye ZS. C-C Bond Activation of Cyclopropanes Enabled by Phosphine-Catalyzed In Situ Formation of High-Strain Methylenecycopropane Intermediate. Org Lett 2022; 24:6489-6493. [PMID: 36069728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An effective strategy for the ring-opening/elaboration of cyclopropanes by phosphine catalyst is documented, providing the 2,4-pentadiene sulfonamides and isoindolines in moderate to good yields. The key to the success of this reaction is phosphine-catalyzed introduction of a trigonal center into cyclopropanes, which results in the formation of higher ring strain cyclopropylidenemethyl phosphonium salt. Moreover, this methodology is employed as the key step for the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Wen Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yang Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shi Ye
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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12
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Ren J, Du FH, Jia MC, Hu ZN, Chen Z, Zhang C. Ring Expansion Fluorination of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Mediated by a New Monofluoroiodane(III) Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24171-24178. [PMID: 34523779 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new strategy for carbon-carbon bond scission and intramolecular ring expansion fluorination of unactivated cyclopropanes, which was accomplished with a new hypervalent fluoroiodane(III) reagent 1. This novel method delivers medicinally relevant 4-fully substituted fluoropiperidines in moderate to high yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Reagent 1, which has an N-acetylbenziodazole framework, was readily synthesized via three steps in 76 % overall yield and was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Owing to the presence of a secondary I⋅⋅⋅O bonding interaction between the λ3 -iodane atom and the carbonyl oxygen of the acetyl group of the N-acetylbenziodazole framework, 1 has excellent stability and can be stored at ambient temperature for 6 months without any detectable decomposition. Density functional theory calculations and experimental studies showed that the reaction proceeds via a carbocation intermediate that readily combines with a fluoride ion to generate the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feng-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ze-Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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13
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Ren J, Du F, Jia M, Hu Z, Chen Z, Zhang C. Ring Expansion Fluorination of Unactivated Cyclopropanes Mediated by a New Monofluoroiodane(III) Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Feng‐Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Meng‐Cheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ze‐Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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14
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Taily IM, Saha D, Banerjee P. Arylcyclopropane yet in its infancy: the challenges and recent advances in its functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8627-8645. [PMID: 34549770 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electronically unbiased arylcyclopropane functionalization has always been a challenge to organic chemists, and the emergence of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) has not only vehemently overshadowed them but still dominates the cyclopropane chemistry. Unlike DACs, the absence of pre-installed functional groups makes it harder for them to activate and participate in a reaction. The field has witnessed considerably slow progress since its inception due to the inherent challenges. There are only a few strategies available to open arylcyclopropanes. Therefore, this work is still in its infancy stage in spite of these materials being one of the earliest known type of cyclopropanes. This review manifests the history, endeavors, and achievements alongside the associated challenges, opportunities, and the need for concerted efforts to accomplish the long-awaited golden age of arylcyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Debarshi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab-140001, India.
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15
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Wang G, Su X, Gao L, Liu X, Li G, Li S. Borane-catalyzed selective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes: reaction development and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10883-10892. [PMID: 34476068 PMCID: PMC8372554 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe simple B(C6F5)3-catalyzed mono- and dihydrosilylation reactions of terminal alkynes by using a silane-tuned chemoselectivity strategy, affording vinylsilanes and unsymmetrical geminal bis(silanes). This strategy is applicable to the dihydrosilylation of both aliphatic and aryl terminal alkynes with different silane combinations. Gram-scale synthesis and conducting the reaction without the exclusion of air and moisture demonstrate the practicality of this methodology. The synthetic utility of the resulting products was further highlighted by the structural diversification of geminal bis(silanes) through transforming the secondary silane into other silyl groups. Comprehensive theoretical calculations combined with kinetical isotope labeling studies have shown that a prominent kinetic differentiation between the hydrosilylation of alkynes and vinylsilane is responsible for the chemoselective construction of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes). A B(C6F5)3/silane-based system enables the chemoselective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Using a combination of different types of hydrosilanes, a series of unsymmetrical or symmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes) could be constructed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Zhang M, Wang XC. Bifunctional Borane Catalysis of a Hydride Transfer/Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17185-17190. [PMID: 34037295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a mild and efficient method for synthesizing enantioenriched tetrahydroquinoline-fused cyclobutenes through a cascade reaction between 1,2-dihydroquinolines and alkynones with catalysis by chiral spiro-bicyclic bisboranes. The bisboranes served two functions: first they catalyzed a hydride transfer to convert the 1,2-dihydroquinoline substrate to a 1,4-dihydroquinoline, and then they activated the alkynone substrate for an enantioselective [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with the 1,4-dihydroquinoline generated in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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17
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Bifunctional Borane Catalysis of a Hydride Transfer/Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Zhang Z, Ren J, Zhang M, Xu X, Wang X. Divergent Synthesis of
N
‐Heterocycles
by Merging Borane‐Mediated Cyclopropane
Ring‐Opening
and Hydride Abstraction. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiu‐Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao‐Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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19
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Electrochemical C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes towards the synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized molecules. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3075. [PMID: 34031421 PMCID: PMC8144616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemistry has a lot of inherent advantages in organic synthesis and many redox reactions have been achieved under electrochemical condition. However, the electrochemical C-C bond cleavage and functionalization reactions are less studied. Here we develop electrochemical C-C bond cleavage and 1,3-difuntionalization of arylcyclopropanes under catalyst-free and external-oxidant-free conditions. 1,3-difluorination, 1,3-oxyfluorination and 1,3-dioxygenation of arylcyclopropanes are achieved with a high chemo- and regioselectivity by the strategic choice of nucleophiles. This protocol has good functional groups tolerance and can be scaled up. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that arylcyclopropane radical cation obtained from the anode oxidation and the subsequently generated benzyl carbonium are the key intermediates in this transformation. This development provides a scenario for constructing 1,3-difunctionalized molecules.
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20
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Su B, Li Y, Li ZH, Hou JL, Wang H. Activation of C–C Bonds via σ-Bond Metathesis: Hydroborenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Cyclopropanes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Liu Z, Tu XS, Guo LT, Wang XC. Aluminum-catalyzed tunable halodefluorination of trifluoromethyl- and difluoroalkyl-substituted olefins. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11548-11553. [PMID: 34094400 PMCID: PMC8162833 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report unprecedented aluminum-catalyzed halodefluorination reactions of trifluoromethyl- and difluoroalkyl-substituted olefins with bromo- or chlorotrimethylsilane. The interesting feature of these reactions is that one, two, or three fluorine atoms can be selectively replaced with bromine or chlorine atoms by modification of the reaction conditions. The generated products can undergo a variety of subsequent transformations, thus constituting a valuable stock of building blocks for installing fluorine-containing olefin motifs in other molecules. Aluminum-catalyzed halodefluorination reactions of fluoroalkyl-substituted olefins are developed. The reactions can selectively deliver mono-, di-, or trisubstituted products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xian-Shuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Le-Tao Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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22
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Gieuw MH, Chen S, Ke Z, Houk KN, Yeung YY. Boron tribromide as a reagent for anti-Markovnikov addition of HBr to cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9426-9433. [PMID: 34094209 PMCID: PMC8161534 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02567d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although radical formation from a trialkylborane is well documented, the analogous reaction mode is unknown for trihaloboranes. We have discovered the generation of bromine radicals from boron tribromide and simple proton sources, such as water or tert-butanol, under open-flask conditions. Cyclopropanes bearing a variety of substituents were hydro- and deuterio-brominated to furnish anti-Markovnikov products in a highly regioselective fashion. NMR mechanistic studies and DFT calculations point to a radical pathway instead of the conventional ionic mechanism expected for BBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Gieuw
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Zhihai Ke
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Ying-Yeung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin NT Hong Kong China
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23
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Zhang YL, Guo RT, Luo H, Liang XS, Wang XC. Convergent Synthesis of Dihydropyrans from Catalytic Three-Component Reactions of Vinylcyclopropanes, Diazoesters, and Diphenyl Sulfoxide. Org Lett 2020; 22:5627-5632. [PMID: 32603126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel Rh(I)/La(III) cocatalytic three-component reaction of vinylcyclopropanes, diazoesters, and diphenyl sulfoxide has been developed. The reaction gives polysubstituted dihydropyrans as the reaction products. Mechanistic studies indicate that isomerization of vinylcyclopropanes gives conjugated dienes, which then undergo [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with vicinal tricarbonyl compounds generated by oxygen atom transfer from diphenyl sulfoxide to diazoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Shen Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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24
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Kong RY, Crimmin MR. Activation and Functionalization of C-C σ Bonds of Alkylidene Cyclopropanes at Main Group Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11967-11971. [PMID: 32589418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum(I) and magnesium(I) compounds are reported for the C-C σ-bond activation of strained alkylidene cyclopropanes. These reactions result in the formal addition of the C-C σ bond to the main group center either at a single site (Al) or across a metal-metal bond (Mg-Mg). Mechanistic studies suggest that rather than occurring by a concerted oxidative addition, these reactions involve stepwise processes in which substrate binding to the main group metal acts as a precursor to α- or β-alkyl migration steps that break the C-C σ bond. This mechanistic understanding is used to develop the magnesium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of the C-C σ bonds of alkylidene cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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25
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Roy A, Bonetti V, Wang G, Wu Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Silylium-Ion-Promoted Ring-Opening Hydrosilylation and Disilylation of Unactivated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1213-1216. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vittorio Bonetti
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Kuboki Y, Arisawa M, Murai K. Ring-opening 1,3-arylboration of arylcyclopropanes mediated by BCl3. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37797-37799. [PMID: 35515187 PMCID: PMC9057229 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08151e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a ring-opening 1,3-arylboration of aryl cyclopropanes using BCl3 in the presence of arene nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kuboki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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27
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Liu ZY, Zhang M, Wang XC. Hydrosilylation-Promoted Furan Diels-Alder Cycloadditions with Stereoselectivity Controlled by the Silyl Group. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:581-588. [PMID: 31809027 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe an unprecedented B(C6F5)3-catalyzed cascade reaction of N-allyl-N-furfurylamides involving an initial intramolecular furan Diels-Alder reaction and subsequent ether cleavage. The reaction has a broad substrate scope, even tolerating a trialkyl-substituted olefin as the dienophile, which has not previously been observed with conventional furan Diels-Alder reactions. In addition, the relative configuration of the product can be controlled by the choice of the silyl group: reactions involving Et3SiH and iPr3SiH gave different diastereomers. Control experiments and the computational studies revealed that the steric bulk of the silyl group plays a key role in determining the reaction pathway and thus the relative configuration of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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28
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Photoredox-catalyzed oxo-amination of aryl cyclopropanes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4367. [PMID: 31554813 PMCID: PMC6761154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropanes represent a class of versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. While the release of ring strain offers a thermodynamic driving force, the control of selectivity for C–C bond cleavage and the subsequent regiochemistry of the functionalization remains difficult, especially for unactivated cyclopropanes. Here we report a photoredox-coupled ring-opening oxo-amination of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes, which enables the expedient construction of a host of structurally diverse β-amino ketone derivatives. Through one electron oxidation, the relatively inert aryl cyclopropanes are readily converted into reactive radical cation intermediates, which in turn participate in the ensuing ring-opening functionalizations. Based on mechanistic studies, the present oxo-amination is proposed to proceed through an SN2-like nucleophilic attack/ring-opening manifold. This protocol features wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of dioxygen as an oxidant both for catalyst regeneration and oxygen-incorporation. Moreover, a one-pot formal aminoacylation of olefins is described through a sequential cyclopropanation/oxo-amination. The ring-opening and functionalization of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes is highly challenging to achieve in a regioselective fashion. Here, the authors report a mild photoredox-coupled oxoamination of electronically unactivated aryl cyclopropanes with simple azaarenes and molecular oxygen.
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29
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Skvorcova M, Lukasevics LT, Jirgensons A. Amination of Carbenium Ions Generated by Directed Protonolysis of Cyclopropane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3780-3792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Skvorcova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | | | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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30
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Yang W, To CT, Chan KS. Iodine-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of a carbon–carbon σ-bond with water. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6757-6761. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An iodine-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of a C–C σ-bond with H2O is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ching Tat To
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
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31
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Wang D, Xue X, Houk KN, Shi Z. Mild Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Hydroborations of Non‐Activated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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32
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Wang D, Xue X, Houk KN, Shi Z. Mild Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Hydroborations of Non‐Activated Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16861-16865. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
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33
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Chardon A, Rouden J, Blanchet J. Borinic Acid Mediated Hydrosilylations: Reductions of Carbonyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Chardon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ; ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT; 14000 Caen France
| | - Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ; ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT; 14000 Caen France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-organique; Normandie Univ; ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT; 14000 Caen France
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34
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Hsueh NC, Lai KS, Chang MY. Stereocontrolled Construction of 1-Vinylindanes via Intramolecular Cyclization of o-Cinnamyl Chalcones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11415-11424. [PMID: 30122047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a concise route for the synthesis of 1-vinylindanes is described, including (i) NaBH4-mediated reduction of o-cinnamyl chalcones and (ii) sequential BF3·OEt2-mediated intramolecular annulation of the resulting alkenols. The plausible mechanism is proposed and discussed herein. This protocol provides highly effective stereocontrolled cinnamyl-enone cross-coupling to construct three contiguous trans- trans stereocenters and one ( E)-configured alkenyl or styryl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nein-Chen Hsueh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Kai-Shang Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
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35
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Richmond E, Yi J, Vuković VD, Sajadi F, Rowley CN, Moran J. Ring-opening hydroarylation of monosubstituted cyclopropanes enabled by hexafluoroisopropanol. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6411-6416. [PMID: 30310570 PMCID: PMC6115651 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-opening hydroarylation of cyclopropanes is typically limited to substrates bearing a donor-acceptor motif. Here, the transformation is achieved for monosubstituted cyclopropanes by using catalytic Brønsted acid in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent, constituting a rare example where such cyclopropanes engage in intermolecular C-C bond formation. Branched products are obtained when electron-rich arylcyclopropanes react with a broad scope of arene nucleophiles in accord with a simple SN1-type ring-opening mechanism. In contrast, linear products are obtained when cyclopropylketones react with electron-rich arene nucleophiles. In the latter case, mechanistic experiments and DFT-calculations support a homo-conjugate addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Richmond
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS , ISIS UMR 7006 , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - Jing Yi
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS , ISIS UMR 7006 , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - Vuk D Vuković
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS , ISIS UMR 7006 , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
| | - Fatima Sajadi
- Memorial University of Newfoundland , 283 Prince Philip Drive , St. John's , NL , Canada A1B 3X7 .
| | - Christopher N Rowley
- Memorial University of Newfoundland , 283 Prince Philip Drive , St. John's , NL , Canada A1B 3X7 .
| | - Joseph Moran
- University of Strasbourg , CNRS , ISIS UMR 7006 , 67000 Strasbourg , France .
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36
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Li W, Wang MM, Hu Y, Werner T. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Regioselective Deuteration of Electron-Rich Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 19:5768-5771. [PMID: 29052995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium labeled compounds find widespread application in life science. Herein, the deuteration of electron-rich (hetero)aromatic compounds employing B(C6F5)3 as the catalyst and D2O as the deuterium source is reported. This protocol is highly efficient, simply manipulated, and successfully applied in the deuteration of 23 substrates including natural neurotransmitter-like melatonin. It is assumed that the weakening of the O-D bond ultimately results in the formation of electrophilic D+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Li
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yuya Hu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Banerjee S, Vanka K. B(C6F5)3: Catalyst or Initiator? Insights from Computational Studies into Surrogate Silicon Chemistry. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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38
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Liu QS, Wang DY, Yang ZJ, Luan YX, Yang JF, Li JF, Pu YG, Ye M. Ni-Al Bimetallic Catalyzed Enantioselective Cycloaddition of Cyclopropyl Carboxamide with Alkyne. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18150-18153. [PMID: 29206448 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-Al bimetallic catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition reaction of cyclopropyl carboxamides with alkynes has been developed. A series of cyclopentenyl carboxamides were obtained in up to 99% yield and 94% ee. The bifunctional-ligand-enabled bimetallic catalysis proved to be an efficient strategy for the C-C bond cleavage of unreactive cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - De-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xin Luan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - You-Ge Pu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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Murai M, Nishiyama A, Nishinaka N, Morita H, Takai K. Iridium-catalysed hydrosilylation of cyclopropanes via regioselective carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9281-9284. [PMID: 28771260 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While cyclopropanes have been explored as synthetically valuable building blocks, their transformation without conjugated substituents or directly substituted heteroatoms remains challenging. The current study describes the iridium-catalysed ring-opening hydrosilylation of cyclopropanes. A nitrogen-based directing group was found to control the reactivity of iridium active species as well as the regiochemistry of carbon-carbon bond cleavage and hydrosilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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