1
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Nonappa. Seeing the Supracolloidal Assemblies in 3D: Unraveling High-Resolution Structures Using Electron Tomography. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:238-257. [PMID: 38737122 PMCID: PMC11083119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging has revolutionized modern materials science, nanotechnology, and structural biology. Its ability to provide information about materials' structure, composition, and properties at atomic-level resolution has enabled groundbreaking discoveries and the development of innovative materials with precision and accuracy. Electron tomography, single particle reconstruction, and microcrystal electron diffraction techniques have paved the way for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of biological samples, synthetic materials, and hybrid nanostructures at near atomic-level resolution. TEM tomography using a series of two-dimensional (2D) projections has been used extensively in biological science, but in recent years it has become an important method in synthetic nanomaterials and soft matter research. TEM tomography offers unprecedented morphological details of 3D objects, internal structures, packing patterns, growth mechanisms, and self-assembly pathways of self-assembled colloidal systems. It complements other analytical tools, including small-angle X-ray scattering, and provides valuable data for computational simulations for predictive design and reverse engineering of nanomaterials with the desired structure and properties. In this perspective, I will discuss the importance of TEM tomography in the structural understanding and engineering of self-assembled nanostructures with specific emphasis on colloidal capsids, composite cages, biohybrid superlattices with complex geometries, polymer assemblies, and self-assembled protein-based superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
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2
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Nonappa. Precision nanoengineering for functional self-assemblies across length scales. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13800-13819. [PMID: 37902292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
As nanotechnology continues to push the boundaries across disciplines, there is an increasing need for engineering nanomaterials with atomic-level precision for self-assembly across length scales, i.e., from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Although molecular self-assembly allows atomic precision, extending it beyond certain length scales presents a challenge. Therefore, the attention has turned to size and shape-controlled metal nanoparticles as building blocks for multifunctional colloidal self-assemblies. However, traditionally, metal nanoparticles suffer from polydispersity, uncontrolled aggregation, and inhomogeneous ligand distribution, resulting in heterogeneous end products. In this feature article, I will discuss how virus capsids provide clues for designing subunit-based, precise, efficient, and error-free self-assembly of colloidal molecules. The atomically precise nanoscale proteinic subunits of capsids display rigidity (conformational and structural) and patchy distribution of interacting sites. Recent experimental evidence suggests that atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters display an anisotropic distribution of ligands and patchy ligand bundles. This enables symmetry breaking, consequently offering a facile route for two-dimensional colloidal crystals, bilayers, and elastic monolayer membranes. Furthermore, inter-nanocluster interactions mediated via the ligand functional groups are versatile, offering routes for discrete supracolloidal capsids, composite cages, toroids, and macroscopic hierarchically porous frameworks. Therefore, engineered nanoparticles with atomically precise structures have the potential to overcome the limitations of molecular self-assembly and large colloidal particles. Self-assembly allows the emergence of new optical properties, mechanical strength, photothermal stability, catalytic efficiency, quantum yield, and biological properties. The self-assembled structures allow reproducible optoelectronic properties, mechanical performance, and accurate sensing. More importantly, the intrinsic properties of individual nanoclusters are retained across length scales. The atomically precise nanoparticles offer enormous potential for next-generation functional materials, optoelectronics, precision sensors, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonappa
- Facutly of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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3
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Lakshmi KM, Rival JV, Sreeraj P, Nambiar SR, Jeyabharathi C, Shibu ES. Precision Nanocluster-Based Toroidal and Supertoroidal Frameworks Using Photocycloaddition-Assisted Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207119. [PMID: 36683222 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) have recently emerged as ideal building blocks for constructing self-assembled multifunctional superstructures. The existing structures are based on various non-covalent interactions of the ligands on the NC surface, resulting in inter-NC interactions. Despite recent demonstrations on light-induced reversible self-assembly, long-range reversible self-assembly based on dynamic covalent chemistry on the NC surface has yet to be investigated. Here, it is shown that Au25 NCs containing thiolated umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) ligands allow [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction-induced self-assembly into colloidal-level toroids. The toroids upon further irradiation undergo inter-toroidal reaction resulting in macroscopic supertoroidal honey-comb frameworks. Systematic investigation using electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron tomography (ET) suggest that the NCs initially form spherical aggregates. The spherical structures further undergo fusion resulting in toroid formation. Finally, the toroids fuse into macroscopic honeycomb frameworks. As a proof-of-concept, a cross-photocycloaddition reaction between coumarin-tethered NCs and an anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil) is demonstrated as a model photo-controlled drug release system. The model system allows systematic loading and unloading of the drug during the assembly and disassembly under two different wavelengths. The results suggest that the dynamic covalent chemistry on the NC surface offers a facile route for hierarchical multifunctional frameworks and photocontrolled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing Division (EMFD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), Department of Nanoscience and Technology (DNST), University of Calicut (UoC), Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Pakath Sreeraj
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), Department of Nanoscience and Technology (DNST), University of Calicut (UoC), Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Sindhu R Nambiar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Chinnaiah Jeyabharathi
- Electroplating and Metal Finishing Division (EMFD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), Department of Nanoscience and Technology (DNST), University of Calicut (UoC), Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
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4
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Gentili D, Ori G. Reversible assembly of nanoparticles: theory, strategies and computational simulations. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14385-14432. [PMID: 36169572 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The significant advances in synthesis and functionalization have enabled the preparation of high-quality nanoparticles that have found a plethora of successful applications. The unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can be manipulated through the control of size, shape, composition, and surface chemistry, but their technological application possibilities can be further expanded by exploiting the properties that emerge from their assembly. The ability to control the assembly of nanoparticles not only is required for many real technological applications, but allows the combination of the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles and opens the way to the exploitation of their complex interplay, giving access to collective properties. Significant advances and knowledge gained over the past few decades on nanoparticle assembly have made it possible to implement a growing number of strategies for reversible assembly of nanoparticles. In addition to being of interest for basic studies, such advances further broaden the range of applications and the possibility of developing innovative devices using nanoparticles. This review focuses on the reversible assembly of nanoparticles and includes the theoretical aspects related to the concept of reversibility, an up-to-date assessment of the experimental approaches applied to this field and the advanced computational schemes that offer key insights into the assembly mechanisms. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive guide to address the challenges in assembling reversible nanoparticles and promote their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gentili
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Ori
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, Rue du Loess 23, F-67034 Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Linko V, Zhang H, Nonappa, Kostiainen MA, Ikkala O. From Precision Colloidal Hybrid Materials to Advanced Functional Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1785-1795. [PMID: 35647700 PMCID: PMC9260957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe concept of colloids encompasses a wide range of isotropic and anisotropic particles with diverse sizes, shapes, and functions from synthetic nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets to functional biological units. They are addressed in materials science for various functions, while they are ubiquitous in the biological world for multiple functions. A large variety of synthetic colloids have been researched due to their scientific and technological importance; still they characteristically suffer from finite size distributions, imperfect shapes and interactions, and not fully engineered functions. This contrasts with biological colloids that offer precision in their size, shape, and functionality. Materials science has searched for inspiration from the biological world to allow structural control by self-assembly and hierarchy and to identify novel routes for combinations of functions in bio-inspiration.Herein, we first discuss different approaches for highly defined structural control of technically relevant synthetic colloids based on guided assemblies of biological motifs. First, we describe how polydisperse nanoparticles can be assembled within hollow protein cages to allow well-defined assemblies and hierarchical packings. Another approach relies on DNA nanotechnology-based assemblies, where engineered DNA structures allow programmed assembly. Then we will discuss synthetic colloids that have either particularly narrow size dispersity or even atomically precise structures for new assemblies and potential functions. Such colloids can have well-defined packings for membranes allowing high modulus. They can be switchable using light-responsive moieties, and they can initiate packing of larger assemblies of different geometrical shapes. The emphasis is on atomically defined nanoclusters that allow well-defined assemblies by supramolecular interactions, such as directional hydrogen bonding. Finally, we will discuss stimulus-responsive colloids for new functions, even toward complex responsive functions inspired by life. Therein, stimulus-responsive materials inspired by biological learning could allow the next generation of such materials. Classical conditioning is among the simplest biological learning concepts, requiring two stimuli and triggerable memory. Therein we use thermoresponsive hydrogels with plasmonic gold nanoparticles and a spiropyran photoacid as a model. Heating is the unconditioned stimulus leading to melting of the thermoresponsive gel, whereas light (at a specified wavelength) originally leads to reduced pH without plasmonic or structural changes because of steric gel stabilization. Under heat-induced gel melting, light results in pH-decrease and chain-like aggregation of the gold nanoparticles, allowing a new plasmonic response. Thus, simultaneous heating and light irradiation allow conditioning for a newly derived stimulus, where the logic diagram is analogous to Pavlovian conditioning. The shown assemblies demonstrate the different functionalities achievable using colloids when the sizes and the dispersity are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Linko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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6
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Zou T, Nonappa N, Khavani M, Vuorte M, Penttilä P, Zitting A, Valle-Delgado JJ, Elert AM, Silbernagl D, Balakshin M, Sammalkorpi M, Österberg M. Experimental and Simulation Study of the Solvent Effects on the Intrinsic Properties of Spherical Lignin Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12315-12328. [PMID: 34723534 PMCID: PMC8591612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Spherical lignin
nanoparticles (LNPs) fabricated via nanoprecipitation
of dissolved lignin are among the most attractive
biomass-derived nanomaterials. Despite various studies exploring the
methods to improve the uniformity of LNPs or seeking more application
opportunities for LNPs, little attention has been given to the fundamental
aspects of the solvent effects on the intrinsic properties of LNPs.
In this study, we employed a variety of experimental techniques and
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the solvent effects
on the intrinsic properties of LNPs. The LNPs were prepared from softwood
Kraft lignin (SKL) using the binary solvents of aqueous acetone or
aqueous tetrahydrofuran (THF) via nanoprecipitation.
The internal morphology, porosity, and mechanical properties of the
LNPs were analyzed with electron tomography (ET), small-angle X-ray
scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and intermodulation
AFM (ImAFM). We found that aqueous acetone resulted in smaller LNPs
with higher uniformity compared to aqueous THF, mainly ascribing to
stronger solvent–lignin interactions as suggested by MD simulation
results and confirmed with aqueous 1,4-dioxane (DXN) and aqueous dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO). More importantly, we report that both LNPs were
compact particles with relatively homogeneous density distribution
and very low porosity in the internal structure. The stiffness of
the particles was independent of the size, and the Young’s
modulus was in the range of 0.3–4 GPa. Overall, the fundamental
understandings of LNPs gained in this study are essential for the
design of LNPs with optimal performance in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohammad Khavani
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maisa Vuorte
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Paavo Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Aleksi Zitting
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Elert
- Division 6.6, Physical and Chemical Analysis of Polymers, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Silbernagl
- Division 6.6, Physical and Chemical Analysis of Polymers, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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7
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Lakshmi KM, Pradeep T, Shibu ES. Self-Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005718. [PMID: 33491918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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8
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Quintieri G, Gröschel AH. Naked micelles: well-defined polymer nanoparticles from photo-cleavable block copolymer micelles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report that photo-cleaving the corona of block copolymer micelles provides well-defined nanoparticles with surface charges accessible for electrostatic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Quintieri
- Physical Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Correns. 28–30
- 48149 Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)
- University of Münster
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry
- University of Münster
- Correns. 28–30
- 48149 Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN)
- University of Münster
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9
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Dichiarante V, Pigliacelli C, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F. Confined space design by nanoparticle self-assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1632-1646. [PMID: 34163923 PMCID: PMC8179300 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) self-assembly has led to the fabrication of an array of functional nanoscale systems, having diverse architectures and functionalities. In this perspective, we discuss the design and application of NP suprastructures (SPs) characterized by nanoconfined compartments in their self-assembled framework, providing an overview about SP synthetic strategies reported to date and the role of their confined nanocavities in applications in several high-end fields. We also set to give our contribution towards the formation of more advanced nanocompartmentalized SPs able to work in dynamic manners, discussing the opportunities of further advances in NP self-assembly and SP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dichiarante
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Claudia Pigliacelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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10
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Pigliacelli C, Sánchez-Fernández R, García MD, Peinador C, Pazos E. Self-assembled peptide-inorganic nanoparticle superstructures: from component design to applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8000-8014. [PMID: 32495761 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have become excellent platforms for the design of peptide-nanoparticle hybrid superstructures, owing to their self-assembly and binding/recognition capabilities. Morover, peptide sequences can be encoded and modified to finely tune the structure of the hybrid systems and pursue functionalities that hold promise in an array of high-end applications. This feature article summarizes the different methodologies that have been developed to obtain self-assembled peptide-inorganic nanoparticle hybrid architectures, and discusses how the proper encoding of the peptide sequences can be used for tailoring the architecture and/or functionality of the final systems. We also describe the applications of these hybrid superstructures in different fields, with a brief look at future possibilities towards the development of new functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pigliacelli
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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11
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Santos PJ, Macfarlane RJ. Reinforcing Supramolecular Bonding with Magnetic Dipole Interactions to Assemble Dynamic Nanoparticle Superlattices. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1170-1174. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Santos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J. Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Xue Z, Wang P, Peng A, Wang T. Architectural Design of Self-Assembled Hollow Superstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801441. [PMID: 30256464 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticle assemblies are widely designed and fabricated via various building blocks to enhance their intrinsic properties and potential applications. Self-assembled hollow superstructures have been a focal point in nanotechnology for several decades and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. The novel properties of self-assembled hollow superstructures stem from their effective spatial utilization. As such, a comprehensive appreciation of the interactive forces at play among individual building blocks is a prerequisite for designing and managing the self-assembly process, toward the fabrication of optimal hollow nanoproducts. Herein, the emerging approaches to the fabrication of self-assembled hollow superstructures, including hard-templated, soft-templated, self-templated, and template-free methods, are classified and discussed. The corresponding reinforcement mechanisms, such as strong ligand interaction strategies and extra-capping strategies, are discussed in detail. Finally, possible future directions for the construction of multifunctional hollow superstructures with highly efficient catalytic reaction systems and an integration platform for bioapplications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agriculture Products, China Agricultural Academy of Science, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Intra-cluster growth meets inter-cluster assembly: The molecular and supramolecular chemistry of atomically precise nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Song H, Yang Y, Geng J, Gu Z, Zou J, Yu C. Electron Tomography: A Unique Tool Solving Intricate Hollow Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801564. [PMID: 30160340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in nanofabrication have expedited advances in hollow-structured nanomaterials with increasing complexity, which, at the same time, set challenges for the precise determination of their intriguing and complicated 3D configurations. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis typically yields 2D projections of 3D objects, which in some cases is insufficient to reflect the genuine architectures of these 3D nano-objects, providing misleading information. Advanced analytical approaches such as focused ion beam (FIB) and ultramicrotomy enable the real slicing of nanomaterials, realizing the direct observation of inner structures but with limited spatial discrimination. Electron tomography (ET) is a technique that retrieves spatial information from a series of 2D electron projections at different tilt angles. As a unique and powerful tool kit, this technique has experienced great advances in its application in materials science, resolving the intricate 3D nanostructures. Here, the exceptional capability of the ET technique in the structural, chemical, and quantitative analysis of hollow-structured nanomaterials is discussed in detail. The distinct information derived from ET analysis is highlighted and compared with conventional analysis methods. Along with the advances in microscopy technologies, the state-of-the-art ET technique offers great opportunities and promise in the development of hollow nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yannan Yang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Geng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhengying Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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White LJ, Tyuleva SN, Wilson B, Shepherd HJ, Ng KKL, Holder SJ, Clark ER, Hiscock JR. Towards the Prediction of Global Solution State Properties for Hydrogen Bonded, Self-Associating Amphiphiles. Chemistry 2018; 24:7761-7773. [PMID: 29633393 PMCID: PMC6055828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Through this extensive structure-property study we show that critical micelle concentration correlates with self-associative hydrogen bond complex formation constant, when combined with outputs from low level, widely accessible, computational models. Herein, we bring together a series of 39 structurally related molecules related by stepwise variation of a hydrogen bond donor-acceptor amphiphilic salt. The self-associative and corresponding global properties for this family of compounds have been studied in the gas, solid and solution states. Within the solution state, we have shown the type of self-associated structure present to be solvent dependent. In DMSO, this class of compound show a preference for hydrogen bonded dimer formation, however moving into aqueous solutions the same compounds are found to form larger self-associated aggregates. This observation has allowed us the unique opportunity to investigate and begin to predict self-association events at both the molecular and extended aggregate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. White
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Stilyana N. Tyuleva
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Ben Wilson
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Helena J. Shepherd
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Kendrick K. L. Ng
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Holder
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyKentCT2 7NHUnited Kingdom
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16
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Duan S, Li J, Zhao N, Xu FJ. Multifunctional hybrids with versatile types of nanoparticles via self-assembly for complementary tumor therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7649-7657. [PMID: 29648560 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a promising method for the construction of multifunctional nanohybrids for biomedical application. In this work, self-assembled multifunctional nanohybrids with a controllable disassembly property have been successfully fabricated. By modification with cyclodextrin (CD)-decorated ethylenediamine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGED), CD groups and polycations were conjugated onto Au nanorods (Au NRs) or Fe3O4 nanoparticles (denoted as Au-PGED-CD or Fe3O4-PGED-CD), and different SiO2@Fe3O4-PGED (SFP) or SiO2@Au-PGED (SAP) nanohybrids were readily fabricated by the host-guest interaction between Au-PGED-CD or Fe3O4-PGED-CD and adamantyl (Ad)-functionalized chiral silica NRs under mild conditions. The DNA condensation ability of the polycation, the photothermal effects of Au NRs or Fe3O4 nanoparticles, as well as the unique structure of chiral silica NRs were integrated into one nanohybrid. Such nanohybrids have high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. The photothermal effects of the nanohybrids could be utilized for photothermal therapy, and also could induce the disassembly of the nanohybrids, which is beneficial for DNA release. The nanohybrids with good transfection performance and excellent photothermal effects were further applied for multimodal therapy. This work presents a flexible strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms with integration of the advantages of various types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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17
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Pigliacelli C, Maiolo D, Nonappa, Haataja JS, Amenitsch H, Michelet C, Sánchez Moreno P, Tirotta I, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F. Efficient Encapsulation of Fluorinated Drugs in the Confined Space of Water-Dispersible Fluorous Supraparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16186-16190. [PMID: 29105938 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophobic-driven assemblies of gold nanomaterials were stabilized into water-dispersible fluorous supraparticles by the film-forming protein hydrophobin II. The strategy makes use of fluorous nanomaterials of different dimensions to engineer size and inner functionalization of the resulting confined space. The inner fluorous compartments allow efficient encapsulation and transport of high loadings of partially fluorinated drug molecules in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pigliacelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Daniele Maiolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, 00076, Aalto, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Johannes S Haataja
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14-km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italia
| | - Claire Michelet
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Sánchez Moreno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tirotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
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18
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Pigliacelli C, Maiolo D, Nonappa, Haataja JS, Amenitsch H, Michelet C, Sánchez Moreno P, Tirotta I, Metrangolo P, Baldelli Bombelli F. Efficient Encapsulation of Fluorinated Drugs in the Confined Space of Water-Dispersible Fluorous Supraparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pigliacelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Daniele Maiolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Nonappa
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000; 00076 Aalto Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.; Strada Statale 14-km 163,5 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italia
| | - Claire Michelet
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Paola Sánchez Moreno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Ilaria Tirotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
- Department of Applied Physics; Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000; 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and BioNano Materials (SupraBioNanoLab); Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milan Italy
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White LJ, Wells NJ, Blackholly LR, Shepherd HJ, Wilson B, Bustone GP, Runacres TJ, Hiscock JR. Towards quantifying the role of hydrogen bonding within amphiphile self-association and resultant aggregate formation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7620-7630. [PMID: 29568426 PMCID: PMC5848798 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hydrogen bonding within aggregate formation and CMC: can these properties be predicted by low level computational modelling?
Herein, we present a series of five tetrabutylammonium (TBA) sulfonate–urea amphiphilic salts. In solution these amphiphilic salts have been shown to form a variety of self-associated species. The proportion and type of which are both solvent and concentration dependent. In DMSO-d6 a variety of NMR experiments provide evidence towards the formation of mainly dimeric over larger aggregate species. Increasing the percentage of water was shown to increase the concentration of the larger aggregates over dimers in solution. A correlation was established between critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained in a 1 : 19 EtOH : H2O mixture, dimeric self-association constants obtained in a DMSO-d6 – 0.5% H2O and the results of simple semi-empirical PM6 computational modelling methods. This approach begins to quantify the role of hydrogen bonding in amphiphile self-association and the effects it imparts on surfactant properties. This consequently provides preliminary evidence that these properties maybe predicted by simple low level computational modelling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J White
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
| | - N J Wells
- School of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK
| | - L R Blackholly
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
| | - H J Shepherd
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
| | - B Wilson
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
| | - G P Bustone
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
| | - T J Runacres
- School of Biosciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK
| | - J R Hiscock
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Park Wood Road , Canterbury , Kent CT2 7NH , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 1227 823043
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20
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Zhang Q, Xu TY, Zhao CX, Jin WH, Wang Q, Qu DH. Dynamic Self-Assembly of Gold/Polymer Nanocomposites: pH-Encoded Switching between 1D Nanowires and 3D Nanosponges. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2549-2553. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
| | - Tian-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
| | - Cai-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
| | - Wei-Hang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science & Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China), Fax: (+86) 21-642-527-58
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Bertula K, Nonappa, Myllymäki TT, Yang H, Zhu X, Ikkala O. Hierarchical self-assembly from nanometric micelles to colloidal spherical superstructures. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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