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Scherger M, Pilger YA, Komforth P, Räder HJ, Nuhn L. Reversible Polymer-Protein Functionalization by Stepwise Introduction of Amine-Reactive, Reductive-Responsive Self-Immolative End Groups onto RAFT-Derived Polymers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:129-138. [PMID: 36695579 PMCID: PMC10777346 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many promising therapeutic protein or peptide drug candidates are rapidly excreted from an organism due to their small size or their inherent immunogenicity. One way to counteract these effects is PEGylation, in which the biopolymer is shielded by synthetic polymers exploiting their stealth properties. However, these modifications are often accompanied by a reduction in the biological function of the protein. By using responsive moieties that bridge the polymer to the protein, a reversible character is provided to this type of conjugation. In this regard, the reductive-responsive nature of disulfides can be exploited via self-immolative structures for reversible linkage to aminic lysine residues and the N-terminus on the protein surface. They enable a traceless release of the intact protein without any further modification and thus preserve the protein's bioactivity. In this study, we demonstrate how this chemistry can be made broadly accessible to RAFT-derived water-soluble polymers like poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (pDMA) as a relevant PEG alternative. A terminal reactive imidazole carbamate with an adjacent self-immolative motif was generated in a gradual manner onto the trithiocarbonate chain transfer moiety of the polymer by first substituting it with a disulfide-bridged alcohol and subsequently converting it into an amine reactive imidazole carbamate. Successful synthesis and complete characterization were demonstrated by NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Finally, two model proteins, lysozyme and a therapeutically relevant nanobody, were functionalized with the generated polymer, which was found to be fully reversible under reductive conditions in the presence of free thiols. This strategy has the potential to extend the generation of reversible reductive-responsive polymer-protein hybrids to the broad field of available functional RAFT-derived polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Scherger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yannick A. Pilger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Patric Komforth
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
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2
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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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3
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Tang Y, Liu S, Hao X, Wang Z, Liang M, Lu Y, Zhou X. Near-Infrared Molecular Logic Gate for In Situ Construction and Quantification of Cell-Macromolecule Conjugates. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15818-15825. [PMID: 37815497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cell surfaces with macromolecules offers the potential to manipulate and control their phenotype and function for cell-based therapies. In situ construction and real-time evaluation of cell-macromolecule conjugates are vital for characterizing their dynamics, mobility, and function but remain a great challenge. Herein, we design a near-infrared (NIR) heptamethine cyanine (LS)-bearing dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) and norbornene (NB) in its structure for rapid and selective bioorthogonal "click" coupling to azide-labeled cells and tetrazine-functionalized macromolecular precursors. Specifically, only orthogonal dual "click" cell-macromolecule conjugates turn on NIR fluorescence, in which LS behaves as an AND logic gate, with azide- and tetrazine-derivatives being "input" and the emission intensity as the output. LS enables in situ construction and real-time evaluation of the process and functional effects that macromolecules "graft to" cells with high cytocompatibility. This probe is tailor-made for live-cell microscopy technologies, which may open new opportunities for promoting further developments in cell-tracking and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Shengsen Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Hao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zigeng Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Liang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingxi Lu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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4
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Fan Y, Xu C, Deng N, Gao Z, Jiang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Pei H, Li L, Tang B. Understanding drug nanocarrier and blood-brain barrier interaction based on a microfluidic microphysiological model. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1935-1944. [PMID: 36891748 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As many nanoparticles (NPs) have been exploited as drug carriers to overcome the resistance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reliable in vitro BBB models are urgently needed to help researchers to comprehensively understand drug nanocarrier-BBB interaction during penetration, which can prompt pre-clinical nanodrug exploitation. Herein, we developed a microfluidic microphysiological model, allowing the analysis of BBB homeostasis and NP penetration. We found that the BBB penetrability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was size- and modification-dependent, which might be caused by a distinct transendocytosis pathway. Notably, transferrin-modified 13 nm AuNPs held the strongest BBB penetrability and induced the slightest BBB dysfunction, while bare 80 nm and 120 nm AuNPs showed opposite results. Moreover, further analysis of the protein corona showed that PEGylation reduced the protein absorption, and some proteins facilitated the BBB penetration of NPs. The developed microphysiological model provides a powerful tool for understanding the drug nanocarrier-BBB interaction, which is vital for exploiting high-efficiency and biocompatible nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Deng
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan 250101, P. R. China
| | - Ze Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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5
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Theodorou A, Gounaris D, Voutyritsa E, Andrikopoulos N, Baltzaki CIM, Anastasaki A, Velonia K. Rapid Oxygen-Tolerant Synthesis of Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates via Aqueous Copper-Mediated Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4241-4253. [PMID: 36067415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates usually requires extensive and costly deoxygenation procedures, thus limiting their availability and potential applications. In this work, we report the ultrafast synthesis of polymer-protein bioconjugates in the absence of any external deoxygenation via an aqueous copper-mediated methodology. Within 10 min and in the absence of any external stimulus such as light (which may limit the monomer scope and/or disrupt the secondary structure of the protein), a range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers could be successfully grafted from a BSA macroinitiator, yielding well-defined polymer-protein bioconjugates at quantitative yields. Our approach is compatible with a wide range of monomer classes such as (meth) acrylates, styrene, and acrylamides as well as multiple macroinitiators including BSA, BSA nanoparticles, and beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Notably, the synthesis of challenging protein-polymer-polymer triblock copolymers was also demonstrated, thus significantly expanding the scope of our strategy. Importantly, both lower and higher scale polymerizations (from 0.2 to 35 mL) were possible without compromising the overall efficiency and the final yields. This simple methodology paves the way for a plethora of applications in aqueous solutions without the need of external stimuli or tedious deoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Theodorou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Dimitris Gounaris
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | | | | | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece
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6
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Frank A, Hamidi N, Xue F. Regioselective alkylation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzyaldehydes and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022; 95. [PMID: 35495552 PMCID: PMC9053733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a cesium bicarbonate-mediated alkylation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzyaldehyde and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone to generate 4-alkylated products in acetonitrile at 80 °C with excellent regioselectivity, up to 95% isolated yields, and broad substrate scope.
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7
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Wang Y, Xie F, Liu L, Xu X, Fan S, Zhong W, Zhou X. Development of applicable thiol-linked antibody-drug conjugates with improved stability and therapeutic index. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:754-766. [PMID: 35244495 PMCID: PMC8933021 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2039807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maleimides are typically applicable for coupling with reactive thiol moieties of antibodies in antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) via the thiol-Michael click chemistry. Even so, the thiosuccinimide group produced in ADCs is unstable under physiological conditions, which is a unresolved issue in the ADC industry that can cause serious off-target toxicity. Committed to solving the stability defects of traditional thiosuccinimide-containing ADCs, we explored a series of linkers based on the ring-opening hydrolysates of thiosuccinimide. Meanwhile, a type of linkers based on maleamic methyl ester were used to conjugate the popular monomethyl auristatin E to an anti-HER2 antibody to generate the target ADCs, which enhances the stability and do not need to change the structure of the ideal stable metabolite of traditional ADCs. In vivo studies demonstrate that our preferred ADC mil40-12b not only has better efficacy than traditional ADCs but also exhibits better safety parameters in mice. For example, complete tumor regression can still be achieved even when the dose is halved (2.5 mg/kg), and the maximum tolerable dose is increased by 40 mg/kg. This strategy is expected to provide an applicable tool for the construction of thiol-linked ADCs with improved therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Lianqi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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8
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Abstract
Optical imaging probes allow us to detect and uncover the physiological and pathological functions of an analyte of interest at the molecular level in a non-invasive, longitudinal manner. By virtue of simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, adaptation to automated analysis, capacity for spatially resolved imaging and diverse signal output modes, optical imaging probes have been widely applied in biology, physiology, pharmacology and medicine. To build a reliable and practically/clinically relevant probe, the design process often encompasses multidisciplinary themes, including chemistry, biology and medicine. Within the repertoire of probes, dual-locked systems are particularly interesting as a result of their ability to offer enhanced specificity and multiplex detection. In addition, chemiluminescence is a low-background, excitation-free optical modality and, thus, can be integrated into dual-locked systems, permitting crosstalk-free fluorescent and chemiluminescent detection of two distinct biomarkers. For many researchers, these dual-locked systems remain a 'black box'. Therefore, this Review aims to offer a 'beginner's guide' to such dual-locked systems, providing simple explanations on how they work, what they can do and where they have been applied, in order to help readers develop a deeper understanding of this rich area of research.
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9
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Yu D, Liu C, Zhang H, Ren J, Qu X. Glycoengineering artificial receptors for microglia to phagocytose Aβ aggregates. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4963-4969. [PMID: 34163743 PMCID: PMC8179537 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric and fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) are principally internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) by microglia, the main scavenger of Aβ in the brain. Nevertheless, the inflammatory cascade will be evoked after vast Aβ aggregate binding to pattern recognition receptors on the cell membrane, which then significantly decreases the expression of these receptors and further deteriorate Aβ deposition. This vicious circle will weaken the ability of microglia for Aβ elimination. Herein, a combination of metabolic glycoengineering and self-triggered click chemistry is utilized to engineer microglial membranes with ThS as artificial Aβ receptors to promote microglia to phagocytose Aβ aggregates. Additionally, to circumvent the undesirable immune response during the process of the bioorthogonal chemistry reaction and Aβ-microglial interaction, Mn-porphyrin metal–organic frameworks (Mn-MOFs) with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mimic activity are employed to carry N-azidoacetylmannosamine (AcManNAz) and eradicate over-expressed reactive oxygen species (ROSs). The artificial Aβ receptors independent of a signal pathway involved in immunomodulation as well as Mn-MOFs with antioxidant properties can synergistically promote the phagocytosis and clearance of Aβ with significantly enhanced activity and negligible adverse effects. The present study will not only provide valuable insight into the rational design of the microglial surface engineering strategy via bioorthogonal chemistry, but also hold great potential for other disease intervention associated with receptor starvation. A combination of metabolic glycoengineering and self-triggered click chemistry is utilized to engineer a microglial membrane with ThS as artificial Aβ receptors to promote microglia to phagocytose Aβ aggregates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China .,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
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10
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Su D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gao X. Activatable imaging probes for cancer-linked NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1): Advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Design and synthesis of multi-target directed 1,2,3-triazole-dimethylaminoacryloyl-chromenone derivatives with potential use in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Chem 2020; 14:64. [PMID: 33134975 PMCID: PMC7592376 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a new series of 1,2,3-triazole-chromenone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the multi target-directed ligands approach. The in vitro biological activities included acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition as well as anti-Aβ aggregation, neuroprotective effects, and metal-chelating properties. The results indicated a highly selective BuChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 21.71 μM for compound 10h as the most potent compound. Besides, compound 10h could inhibit self-induced Aβ1–42 aggregation and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation with 32.6% and 29.4% inhibition values, respectively. The Lineweaver–Burk plot and molecular modeling study showed that compound 10h targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of BuChE. It should be noted that compound 10h was able to chelate biometals. Thus, the designed scaffold could be considered as multifunctional agents in AD drug discovery developments. ![]()
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12
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High-Fidelity End-Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18172-18178. [PMID: 32643249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Commercial PEG-amine is of unreliable quality, and conventional PEG functionalization relies on esterification and etherification steps, suffering from incomplete conversion, harsh reaction conditions, and functional-group incompatibility. To solve these challenges, we propose an efficient strategy for PEG functionalization with carbamate linkages. By fine-tuning terminal amine basicity, stable and high-fidelity PEG-amine with carbamate linkage was obtained, as seen from the clean MALDI-TOF MS pattern. The carbamate strategy was further applied to the synthesis of high-fidelity multi-functionalized PEG with varying reactive groups. Compared to with an ester linkage, amphiphilic PEG-PS block copolymers bearing carbamate junction linkage exhibits preferential self-assembly tendency into vesicles. Moreover, nanoparticles of the latter demonstrate higher drug loading efficiency, encapsulation stability against enzymatic hydrolysis, and improved in vivo retention at the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
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13
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Shi S, Yao C, Cen J, Li L, Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. High‐Fidelity End‐Functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using Stable and Potent Carbamate Linkages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jie Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui Province 230026 China
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Tsao KK, Lee AC, Racine KÉ, Keillor JW. Site-Specific Fluorogenic Protein Labelling Agent for Bioconjugation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030369. [PMID: 32121143 PMCID: PMC7175205 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinically relevant therapeutic agents are formed from the conjugation of small molecules to biomolecules through conjugating linkers. In this study, two novel conjugating linkers were prepared, comprising a central coumarin core, functionalized with a dimaleimide moiety at one end and a terminal alkyne at the other. In our first design, we developed a protein labelling method that site-specifically introduces an alkyne functional group to a dicysteine target peptide tag that was genetically fused to a protein of interest. This method allows for the subsequent attachment of azide-functionalized cargo in the facile synthesis of novel protein-cargo conjugates. However, the fluorogenic aspect of the reaction between the linker and the target peptide was less than we desired. To address this shortcoming, a second linker reagent was prepared. This new design also allowed for the site-specific introduction of an alkyne functional group onto the target peptide, but in a highly fluorogenic and rapid manner. The site-specific addition of an alkyne group to a protein of interest was thus monitored in situ by fluorescence increase, prior to the attachment of azide-functionalized cargo. Finally, we also demonstrated that the cargo can also be attached first, in an azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction, prior to fluorogenic conjugation with the target peptide-fused protein.
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15
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Yao C, Li Y, Wang Z, Song C, Hu X, Liu S. Cytosolic NQO1 Enzyme-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy with Polymeric Vesicles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1919-1935. [PMID: 31935063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of enzymes as a triggering module could endow responsive polymeric nanostructures with selectivity in a site-specific manner. On the basis of the fact that endogenous NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (NQO1) is overexpressed in many types of tumors, we report on the fabrication of photosensitizer-conjugated polymeric vesicles, exhibiting synergistic NQO1-triggered turn-on of both near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission and a photodynamic therapy (PDT) module. For vesicles self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers containing quinone trimethyl lock-capped self-immolative side linkages and quinone-bridged photosensitizers (coumarin and Nile blue) in the hydrophobic block, both fluorescence emission and PDT potency are initially in the "off" state due to "double quenching" effects, that is, dye-aggregation-caused quenching and quinone-rendered PET (photoinduced electron transfer) quenching. After internalization into NQO1-positive vesicles, the cytosolic NQO1 enzyme triggers self-immolative cleavage of quinone linkages and fluorogenic release of conjugated photosensitizers, leading to NIR fluorescence emission turn-on and activated PDT. This process is accompanied by the transformation of vesicles into cross-linked micelles with hydrophilic cores and smaller sizes and triggered dual drug release, which could be directly monitored by enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for vesicles conjugated with a DOTA(Gd) complex in the hydrophobic bilayer. We further demonstrate that the above strategy could be successfully applied for activated NIR fluorescence imaging and tissue-specific PDT under both cellular and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yamin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Chengzhou Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xianglong Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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16
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Zhuang J, Zhao B, Meng X, Schiffman JD, Perry SL, Vachet RW, Thayumanavan S. A programmable chemical switch based on triggerable Michael acceptors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2103-2111. [PMID: 34123298 PMCID: PMC8150097 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05841a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an engineerable chemical reaction that is triggerable for simultaneous chemical bond formation and cleavage by external cues offers tunability and orthogonality which is highly desired in many biological and materials applications. Here, we present a chemical switch that concurrently captures these features in response to chemically and biologically abundant and important cues, viz., thiols and amines. This thiol/amine-triggerable chemical switch is based on a Triggerable Michael Acceptor (TMAc) which bears good leaving groups at its β-position. The acceptor undergoes a "trigger-to-release" process where thiol/amine addition triggers cascaded release of leaving groups and generates a less activated acceptor. The newly generated TMAc can be further reversed to liberate the original thiol/amine by a second nucleophile trigger through a "trigger-to-reverse" process. Within the small molecular volume of the switch, we have shown five locations that can be engineered to achieve tunable "trigger-to-release" kinetics and tailored reversibility. The potential of the engineerable bonding/debonding capability of the chemical switch is demonstrated by applications in cysteine-selective and reversible protein modification, universal self-immolative linkers, and orthogonally addressable hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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17
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Du Z, Yu D, Du X, Scott P, Ren J, Qu X. Self-triggered click reaction in an Alzheimer's disease model: in situ bifunctional drug synthesis catalyzed by neurotoxic copper accumulated in amyloid-β plaques. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10343-10350. [PMID: 32110322 PMCID: PMC6984331 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu is one of the essential elements for life. Its dyshomeostasis has been demonstrated to be closely related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and Cu accumulation. It is a great challenge as to how to take advantage of neurotoxic Cu to fight disease and make it helpful. Herein, we report that the accumulated Cu in Aβ plaques can effectively catalyze an azide-alkyne bioorthogonal cycloaddition reaction for fluorophore activation and drug synthesis in living cells, a transgenic AD model of Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006, and brain slices of triple transgenic AD mice. More importantly, the in situ synthesized bifunctional drug 6 can disassemble Aβ-Cu aggregates by extracting Cu and photo-oxygenating Aβ synergistically, suppressing Aβ-mediated paralysis and diminishing the locomotion defects of the AD model CL2006 strain. Our results demonstrate that taking the accumulated Cu ions in the Aβ plaque for an in situ click reaction can achieve both a self-triggered and self-regulated drug synthesis for AD therapy. To the best of our knowledge, a click reaction catalyzed by local Cu in a physiological environment has not been reported. This work may open up a new avenue for in situ multifunctional drug synthesis by using endogenous neurotoxic metal ions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Dongqin Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230029 , China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography , Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518060 , China
| | - Peter Scott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China .
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18
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Shen Z, He K, Ding Z, Zhang M, Yu Y, Hu J. Visible-Light-Triggered Self-Reporting Release of Nitric Oxide (NO) for Bacterial Biofilm Dispersal. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Kewu He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zhanling Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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19
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Ning J, Wang W, Ge G, Chu P, Long F, Yang Y, Peng Y, Feng L, Ma X, James TD. Target Enzyme-Activated Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes: A Case Study of CYP3A4 Using a Two-Dimensional Design Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9959-9963. [PMID: 31099941 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of fluorescent probes for monitoring target enzymes is still a great challenge owing to the lack of efficient ways to optimize a specific fluorophore. Herein, a practical two-dimensional strategy was designed for the development of an isoform-specific probe for CYP3A4, a key cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for the oxidation of most clinical drugs. In first dimension of the design strategy, a potential two-photon fluorescent substrate (NN) for CYP3A4 was effectively selected using ensemble-based virtual screening. In the second dimension, various substituent groups were introduced into NN to optimize the isoform-selectivity and reactivity. Finally, with ideal selectivity and sensitivity, NEN was successfully applied to the real-time detection of CYP3A4 in living cells and zebrafish. These findings suggested that our strategy is practical for developing an isoform-specific probe for a target enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Feida Long
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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20
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Ning J, Wang W, Ge G, Chu P, Long F, Yang Y, Peng Y, Feng L, Ma X, James TD. Target Enzyme‐Activated Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probes: A Case Study of CYP3A4 Using a Two‐Dimensional Design Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- College of Integrative MedicineThe National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative DiseaseCollege of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of PharmacyHunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha 410208 China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Integrative MedicineThe National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative DiseaseCollege of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyState Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Feida Long
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyState Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyState Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yulin Peng
- College of Integrative MedicineThe National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative DiseaseCollege of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Integrative MedicineThe National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative DiseaseCollege of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyState Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Integrative MedicineThe National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative DiseaseCollege of PharmacyDalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical PharmacyXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
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21
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Gan Y, Wang ZD, Shi Y, Guo CQ, Tan HY, Lu ZX, Yan CF. Synthesis of density-multiplied Pt-NP arrays and their application in fuel cell by self-assembly of di-block copolymer. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Liu G, Hu J, Liu S. Emerging Applications of Fluorogenic and Non-fluorogenic Bifunctional Linkers. Chemistry 2018; 24:16484-16505. [PMID: 29893499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Homo- and hetero-bifunctional linkers play vital roles in constructing a variety of functional systems, ranging from protein bioconjugates with drugs and functional agents, to surface modification of nanoparticles and living cells, and to the cyclization/dimerization of synthetic polymers and biomolecules. Conventional approaches for assaying conjugation extents typically rely on ex situ techniques, such as mass spectrometry, gel electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography. If the conjugation process involving bifunctional linkers was rendered fluorogenic, then in situ monitoring, quantification, and optical tracking/visualization of relevant processes would be achieved. In this review, conventional non-fluorogenic linkers are first discussed. Then the focus is on the evolution and emerging applications of fluorogenic bifunctional linkers, which are categorized into hetero-bifunctional single-caging fluorogenic linkers, homo-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers, and hetero-bifunctional double-caging fluorogenic linkers. In addition, stimuli-cleavable bifunctional linkers designed for both conjugation and subsequent site-specific triggered release are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guhuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China
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23
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Recent advances on stimuli-responsive macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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