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Ruan L, Luo W, Zhang H, Liu P, Shi Y, An P. Cycl[2,2,4]azine-embedded non-alternant nanographenes containing fused antiaromatic azepine ring. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1511-1519. [PMID: 38274082 PMCID: PMC10806646 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alternant nanographenes has attracted considerable attention due to their unique photophysical properties. Herein, we reported a novel aza-doped, non-alternant nanographene (NG) 1 by embedding the cycl[2,2,4]azine unit into the benzenoid NG framework. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry suggests saddle or twisted nonplanar geometry of the entire backbone of 1 and coplanar conformation of the cycl[2,2,4]azine unit. DFT calculation together with solid structure indicates that NG 1 possesses significant local antiaromaticity in the azepine ring. By oxidative process or trifluoroacetic acid treatment, this nanographene can transform into a mono-radical cation, which was confirmed by UV/Vis absorption, 1H NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The antiaromaticity/aromaticity switching of the azepine ring on 1˙+ from 1 enables the high stability of this radical cation, which remained intact for over 1 day. Due to the electron-donating nature of the nitrogen and the unique electronic structure, NG 1 exhibits strong electron-donating properties, as proved by the intermolecular charge transfer towards C60 with a high association constant. Furthermore, selective modification of NG 1 was accomplished by Vilsmeier reaction, and the derivatives 7 and 8 with substituted benzophenone were obtained. The photophysical and electronic properties can be tuned by the introduction of different electronic groups in benzophenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ruan
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wanhua Luo
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yong Shi
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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2
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Oró A, Romeo-Gella F, Perles J, Fernández-García JM, Corral I, Martín N. Tetrahedraphene: A Csp 3 -centered 3D Molecular Nanographene Showing Aggregation-Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312314. [PMID: 37846849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of 3D tetrakis(hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenyl)methane, "tetrahedraphene", is reported. This molecular nanographene constituted by four hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units attached to a central sp3 carbon atom, shows a highly symmetric arrangement of the HBC units disposed in the apex of a tetrahedron. The X-ray crystal structure reveals a tetrahedral symmetry of the molecule and the packing in the crystal is achieved mostly by CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions since the interstitial solvent molecules prevent the π⋅⋅⋅π interactions. In solution, tetrahedraphene shows the same electrochemical and photophysical properties as the hexa-t Bu-substituted HBC (t Bu-HBC) molecule. However, upon water addition, it undergoes a fluorescence change in solution and in the precipitated solid, showing an aggregation induced emission (AIE) process, probably derived from the restriction in the rotation and/or vibration of the HBCs. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal that upon aggregation, the high energy region of the emission band decreases in intensity, whereas the intensity of the red edge emission signal increases and presents a smoother decay, compared to the non-aggregated molecule. All in all, the excellent correlation between our simulations and the experimental findings allows explaining the colour change observed in the different solutions upon increasing the water fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Oró
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Romeo-Gella
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Hölzel H, Haines P, Kaur R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Guldi DM. Probing Charge Management across the π-Systems of Nanographenes in Regioisomeric Electron Donor-Acceptor Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8977-8986. [PMID: 35543627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by light-induced processes in nature to mimic the primary events in the photosynthetic reaction centers, novel functional materials combine electron donors and acceptors, i.e., (metallo)porphyrins (ZnP) and fullerenes (C60), respectively, with emerging materials, i.e., nanographenes. We utilized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) due to its versatility regarding functionalization and physicochemical properties, to construct three regioisomeric ZnP-HBC-C60 conjugates, which foster geometrical diversity by arranging ZnP and C60 in ortho-, meta-, and para-positions to each other. The corresponding hexaarylbenzene (HAB) motifs, with an interrupted π-system, were also prepared. Transient absorption measurements disclosed the fast population of charge transfer as well as singlet and triplet charge-separated states. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we further conceive the communication across the HBCs and HABs. This work reveals the impact of both the geometrical arrangement with respect to through-space versus through-bond interactions and the structural rigidity/flexibility on the charge management across the different π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hölzel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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5
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Reger D, Haines P, Amsharov KY, Schmidt JA, Ullrich T, Bönisch S, Hampel F, Görling A, Nelson J, Jelfs KE, Guldi DM, Jux N. A Family of Superhelicenes: Easily Tunable, Chiral Nanographenes by Merging Helicity with Planar π Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18073-18081. [PMID: 34014601 PMCID: PMC8456895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed a straightforward synthetic route towards a full-fledged family of π-extended helicenes: superhelicenes. They have two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) in common that are connected via a central five-membered ring. By means of structurally altering this 5-membered ring, we realized a versatile library of molecular building blocks. Not only the superhelicene structure, but also their features are tuned with ease. In-depth physico-chemical characterizations served as a proof of concept thereof. The superhelicene enantiomers were separated, their circular dichroism was measured in preliminary studies and concluded with an enantiomeric assignment. Our work was rounded-off by crystal structure analyses. Mixed stacks of M- and P-isomers led to twisted molecular wires. Using such stacks, charge-carrier mobilities were calculated, giving reason to expect outstanding hole transporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Konstantin Y. Amsharov
- Institute for Organic ChemistryMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Straße 206120HalleGermany
| | - Julia A. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Simon Bönisch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NurembergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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6
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7
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Edelthalhammer KF, Dasler D, Jurkiewicz L, Nagel T, Al‐Fogra S, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Kovalente 2D‐Strukturierung von Graphen durch räumlich aufgelöstes Laserschreiben/Lesen/Löschen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Felix Edelthalhammer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Daniela Dasler
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Lisa Jurkiewicz
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tamara Nagel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Sabrin Al‐Fogra
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Zentralinstitut für Neue Materialien und Prozesstechnik (ZMP) Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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8
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Edelthalhammer KF, Dasler D, Jurkiewicz L, Nagel T, Al‐Fogra S, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Covalent 2D-Engineering of Graphene by Spatially Resolved Laser Writing/Reading/Erasing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23329-23334. [PMID: 32808699 PMCID: PMC7756404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and efficient method for the covalent 2D-patterning of monolayer graphene via laser irradiation. We utilized the photo-cleavage of dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) and optimized the subsequent radical additions to non-activated graphene up to that level where controlled covalent 2D-patterning of graphene initiated by spatially resolved laser writing is possible. The covalent 2D-functionalization of graphene, which is monitored by scanning Raman microscopy (SRM) is completely reversible. This new concept enables write/read/erase control over the covalent chemical information stored on the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Felix Edelthalhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Daniela Dasler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Lisa Jurkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tamara Nagel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrin Al‐Fogra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
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9
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Elastic Organic Crystals of π-Conjugated Molecules: New Concept for Materials Chemistry. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that organic single crystals composed of a densely packed arrangement of anisotropic, organic small molecules are less useful as functional materials due to their mechanically inflexible and brittle nature, compared to polymers bearing flexible chains and thereby exhibiting viscoelasticity. Nevertheless, organic crystals have attracted much attention because of their tunable optoelectronic properties and a variety of elegant crystal habits and unique ordered or disordered molecular packings arising from the anisotropic molecular structures. However, the recent emergence of flexible organic crystal materials showing plasticity and elasticity has considerably changed the concept of organic single crystals. In this review, the author summarizes the state-of-the-art development of flexible organic crystal materials, especially functional elastic organic crystals which are expected to provide a foothold for the next generation of organic crystal materials.
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10
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Nisa K, Khatri V, Kumar S, Arora S, Ahmad S, Dandia A, Thirumal M, Kashyap HK, Chauhan SMS. Synthesis and Redox Properties of Superbenzene Porphyrin Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16168-16177. [PMID: 33103424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Superbenzene porphyrin conjugates find wide range of applications from nonlinear optical materials to semiconductors. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of 5,15-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-10,20-bis(pentaphenylphenyl)phenylporphyrin and its Zinc-metallated complex. Oxidative planarization of 5,15-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-10,20-bis(pentaphenylphenyl)phenylporphyrin and its metallated complex was carried out by using NOBF4 as an oxidizing agent. The formation of superbenzene porphyrin conjugates validates its Scholl type reactions. The laboratory-synthesized porphyrin conjugates were characterized experimentally using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, electron spin resonance, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for structural conformation. In addition, density functional theory calculations were carried out to validate the experimental results. The theoretical and experimental results show that the 4-(pentaphenylphenyl)phenyl ligand increases the stability, optical properties, and rate of planarization of synthesized porphyrins. The conjugates exhibited intense and distant electronic communication between two hexabenzocoronene sites, taking advantage of porphyrin as a π-spacer. The π-radical cation has also been found to be an intermediate in oxidative C-C bond formation. NICS calculations support such a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharu Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vikas Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - M Thirumal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shive M S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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11
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Hayashi S. Flexible and Densely Packed π-Figuration System: Creating Elastic Organic Crystals of π-Conjugated Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Research Center for Moleaular Design, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology
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12
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Abstract
A synthetic route towards a novel hexabenzocoronene-based helical nanographene motif was developed. A hexaphenylbenzene precursor was therefore designed, which cannot undergo, due to steric restrictions, a complete planarization reaction. This precursor was transformed under oxidative cyclodehydrogenation conditions to a π-extended [5]helicene, which was fully characterized including X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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13
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Wolf M, Lungerich D, Bauroth S, Popp M, Platzer B, Clark T, Anderson HL, Jux N, Guldi DM. Panchromatic light funneling through the synergy in hexabenzocoronene-(metallo)porphyrin-fullerene assemblies to realize the separation of charges. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7123-7132. [PMID: 34122999 PMCID: PMC8159381 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a novel butadiyne-linked HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer, which exhibits in the ground state strong absorption cross sections throughout the UV and visible ranges of the solar spectrum. In short, a unidirectional flow of excited state energy from the HBC termini to the (metallo)porphyrin focal points enables concentrating light at the latter. Control over excitonic interactions within, for example, the electron-donating porphyrin dimers was realized by complexation of bidentate ligands to set up panchromatic absorption that extends all the way into the near-infrared range. The bidentate binding motif was then exploited to create a supramolecular electron donor-acceptor assembly based on a HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer and an electron accepting bis(aminoalkyl)-substituted fullerene. Of great relevance is the fact that charge separation from the photoexcited HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin dimer to the bis(aminoalkyl)-substituted fullerene is activated not only upon photoexciting the HBCs in the UV as well as the (metallo)porphyrins in the visible but also in the NIR. Implicit is the synergetic interplay of energy and charge transfer in a photosynthetic mimicking manner. The dimer and bis-HBC-ethynyl-porphyrin monomers, which serve as references, were probed by means of steady-state as well as time-resolved optical spectroscopies, including global target analyses of the time-resolved transient absorption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Centre (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Germany
| | - Maximilian Popp
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benedikt Platzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Centre (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-University Germany
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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14
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Electronic Communication across Porphyrin Hexabenzocoronene Isomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8932-8937. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyPhysical Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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15
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Martin MM, Lungerich D, Haines P, Hampel F, Jux N. Elektronische Kommunikation von Porphyrin‐Hexabenzocoronen‐Isomeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Martin
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed ChairThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department Chemie und PharmaziePhysikalische Chemie IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organische Chemie IIFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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16
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Elastic organic crystals of π-conjugated molecules: anisotropic densely packed supramolecular 3D polymers exhibit mechanical flexibility and shape tunability. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Chen Q, Wang D, Baumgarten M, Schollmeyer D, Müllen K, Narita A. Regioselective Bromination and Functionalization of Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene with Zigzag Edges. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1703-1707. [PMID: 30775845 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV) is a nanographene with a combination of zigzag and armchair edges, consisting of 38 sp2 carbons. Excellent optical properties with strong red emission have been demonstrated. Here we report the regioselective bromination of DBOV bearing two mesityl groups (DBOV-Mes) by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild conditions. The dibrominated DBOV was further subjected to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, that is, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling, demonstrating the edge-decoration of DBOV with different functional groups. Notably, DBOVs arylated at the bay regions showed intense red emission and enhanced fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.97. Amphoteric reduction and oxidation behavior were observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Chemical oxidation to stable radical cation species was also demonstrated, followed by reduction back to their neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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18
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selective Functionalization of Graphene at Defect-Activated Sites by Arylazocarboxylic tert-Butyl Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3599-3603. [PMID: 30570208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of versatile functionalization concepts for graphene is currently in the focus of research. Upon oxo-functionalization of graphite, the full surface of graphene becomes accessible for C-C bond formation to introduce out-of-plane functionality. Herein, we present the arylation of graphene with arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl esters, which generates aryl radicals after activation with an acid. Surprisingly, the degree of functionalization is related to the concentration of lattice vacancy defects in the graphene material. Consequently, graphene materials that are free from lattice defects are not reactive. The reaction can be applied to graphene dispersed in solvents and leads to bitopic functionalization as well as monotopic functionalization when the graphene is deposited on surfaces. As the arylazocarboxylic tert-butyl ester moiety can be attached to various molecules, the presented method paves the way to functional graphene derivatives, with the density of defects determining the degree of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna S Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan N Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirill I Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Halbig CE, Lasch R, Krüll J, Pirzer AS, Wang Z, Kirchhof JN, Bolotin KI, Heinrich MR, Eigler S. Selektive Funktionalisierung von Graphen an defektaktivierten Bereichen durch Arylazocarbonsäure-tert
-butylester. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Halbig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Anna S. Pirzer
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Zhenping Wang
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jan N. Kirchhof
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kirill I. Bolotin
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie; Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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20
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Halbig CE, Martin O, Hauke F, Eigler S, Hirsch A. Oxo-Functionalized Graphene: A Versatile Precursor for Alkylated Graphene Sheets by Reductive Functionalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:13348-13354. [PMID: 29902333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controlled covalent functionalization of graphene remains a challenging task owing to the heterogeneous nature of materials. Functionalization approaches for graphene either lack in quantifying the degree of functionalization or they do not discriminate between covalent and non-covalent functionalization. Here, graphite is oxidized and exfoliated in a three-step procedure and subsequently reduced and functionalized by hexylation. Although Raman spectroscopy is powerful to determine the degree of in-plane lattice defects (θLD ) and functionalization (θFD ), the method fails at detecting introduced hexyl groups at a concentration of about 0.03 %, next to the pre-existing in-plane lattice defects of 0.7 %. However, sensitive thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TGA-GC/MS) can prove the hexylation reaction. The efficiency of functionalization is comparable to reductive functionalization of pristine chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-graphene and bulk graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Halbig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14105, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Dr. Mack Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Dr. Mack Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14105, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Dr. Mack Straße 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
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21
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Chen Q, Brambilla L, Daukiya L, Mali KS, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Müllen K, Narita A. Synthesis of Triply Fused Porphyrin-Nanographene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Luigi Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Lakshya Daukiya
- KU Leuven; Department of Chemistry; Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- KU Leuven; Department of Chemistry; Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven; Department of Chemistry; Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics; Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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22
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Chen Q, Brambilla L, Daukiya L, Mali KS, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Müllen K, Narita A. Synthesis of Triply Fused Porphyrin-Nanographene Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11233-11237. [PMID: 29984483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two unprecedented porphyrin fused nanographene molecules, 1 and 2, have been synthesized by the Scholl reaction from tailor-made precursors based on benzo[m]tetraphene-substituted porphyrins. The chemical structures were validated by a combination of high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR MALDI-TOF MS), IR and Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The UV-vis-near infrared absorption spectroscopy of 1 and 2 demonstrated broad and largely red-shifted absorption spectra extending up to 1000 and 1400 nm, respectively, marking the significant extension of the π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luigi Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lakshya Daukiya
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Matochová D, Medved’ M, Bakandritsos A, Steklý T, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. 2D Chemistry: Chemical Control of Graphene Derivatization. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3580-3585. [PMID: 29890828 PMCID: PMC6038093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of graphene derivatives with defined composition and properties represents the holy grail of graphene chemistry, especially in view of the low reactivity of graphene. Recent progress in fluorographene (FG) chemistry has opened up new routes for synthesizing a plethora of graphene derivatives with widely applicable properties, but they are often difficult to control. We explored nucleophilic substitution on FG combining density functional theory calculations with experiments to achieve accurate control over the functionalization process. In-depth analysis revealed the complexity of the reaction and identified basic rules for controlling the 2D chemistry. Their application, that is, choice of solvent and reaction time, enabled facile control over the reaction of FG with N-octylamine to form graphene derivatives with tailored content of the alkylamine functional group (2.5-7.5% N atomic content) and F atoms (31.5-3.5% F atomic content). This work substantially extends prospects for the controlled covalent functionalization of graphene.
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24
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Schorr NB, Jiang AG, Rodríguez-López J. Probing Graphene Interfacial Reactivity via Simultaneous and Colocalized Raman–Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Imaging and Interrogation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7848-7854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah B. Schorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Annie G. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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25
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Holzwarth J, Amsharov KY, Sharapa DI, Reger D, Roshchyna K, Lungerich D, Jux N, Hauke F, Clark T, Hirsch A. Highly Regioselective Alkylation of Hexabenzocoronenes: Fundamental Insights into the Covalent Chemistry of Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12184-12190. [PMID: 28782166 PMCID: PMC5638083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronides (HBC) was successfully used as a model system for investigating the complex mechanism of the reductive functionalization of graphene. The well-defined molecular HBC system enabled deeper insights into the mechanism of the alkylation of reductively activated nanographenes. The separation and complete characterization of alkylation products clearly demonstrate that nanographene functionalization proceeds with exceptionally high regio- and stereoselectivities on the HBC scaffold. Experimental and theoretical studies lead to the conclusion that the intact basal graphene plane is chemically inert and addend binding can only take place at either preexisting defects or close to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Holzwarth
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitry I Sharapa
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Roshchyna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr. Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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