1
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Fuse S, Ishikawa H, Kitamura H, Masui H, Takahashi T. One-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions of linear precursors and their structural analyses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6087. [PMID: 39030189 PMCID: PMC11271617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenestranes, in which four rings share one carbon atom, have garnered much attention because of their flattened quaternary carbon centers. In addition, the rigid and nonplanar structures of heteroatom-containing fenestranes are attractive scaffolds for pharmaceutical applications. We report one-step syntheses of diaza-dioxa-fenestranes via the sequential (3 + 2) cycloadditions. Our synthesis employs readily synthesizable, nonbranched acyclic allenyl precursors that facilitate sequential cycloaddition reactions. We report the synthesis of 22 heteroatom-containing and differently substituted fenestranes with rings of varying sizes. The prepared diaza-dioxa-fenestranes are subjected to X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations, which suggest that replacing the carbon atoms at the non-bridgehead positions in the fenestrane skeleton with nitrogen and oxygen atoms results in a slight flattening of the quaternary carbon center. Moreover, one of our synthesized c,c-[5.5.5.5]fenestranes containing two isoxazoline rings possesses the flattest quaternary carbon center among previously synthesized heteroatom-containing fenestrane versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuse
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Qin L, Huang YY, Wu B, Pan J, Yang J, Zhang J, Han G, Yang S, Chen L, Yin Z, Shu Y, Jiang L, Yi Y, Peng Q, Zhou X, Li C, Zhang G, Zhang XS, Wu K, Zhang D. Diazulenorubicene as a Non-benzenoid Isomer of peri-Tetracene with Two Sets of 5/7/5 Membered Rings Showing Good Semiconducting Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304632. [PMID: 37338996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received a lot of attention because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, but their synthesis remains challenging. Herein, we report a non-benzenoid isomer of peri-tetracene, diazulenorubicene (DAR), with two sets of 5/7/5 membered rings synthesized by a (3+2) annulation reaction. Compared with the precursor containing only 5/7 membered rings, the newly formed five membered rings switch the aromaticity of the original heptagon/pentagon from antiaromatic/aromatic to non-aromatic/antiaromatic respectively, modify the intermolecular packing modes, and lower the LUMO levels. Notably, compound 2 b (DAR-TMS) shows p-type semiconducting properties with a hole mobility up to 1.27 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Moreover, further extension to larger non-benzenoid PAHs with 19 rings was achieved through on-surface chemistry from the DAR derivative with one alkynyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Botao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Suyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Zheng X, Huang Z, Zheng Q, Wang L, Zhang C, Gao G. Planar Tetraindolodipleiadiene via Zirconium-Promoted Intramolecular Indolyl C4-H Homocoupling. Org Lett 2022; 24:4197-4201. [PMID: 35658459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel N-rimmed PAH molecule containing a dipleiadiene core (TIDP) was designed and synthesized from indole, wherein a ZrCl4-promoted intramolecular C4-H homocoupling reaction of the indole moieties was the key approach. TIDP exhibited a nearly full planar structure and antiaromaticity of the two embedded heptagonal rings. The extremely stable radical cation TIDP•+·PF6- was isolated quantitatively by oxidation with AgPF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qinze Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Linhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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5
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Seifert M, Barth D, Kuck D. Benzoannellated Fenestranes Bearing
para
‐Terphenyl Units. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Seifert
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dieter Barth
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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6
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Jassas RS, Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Al-Rooqi MM, Naeem N, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Scholl reaction as a powerful tool for the synthesis of nanographenes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32158-32202. [PMID: 35495486 PMCID: PMC9041733 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanographenes, or extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have been attracting increasing attention owing to their widespread applications in organic electronics. However, the atomically precise fabrication of nanographenes has thus far been achieved only through synthetic organic chemistry. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are popular research subjects due to their high stability, rigid planar structure, and characteristic optical spectra. The recent discovery of graphene, which can be regarded as giant PAH, has further stimulated research interest in this area. Chemists working with nanographene and heterocyclic analogs thereof have chosen it as their preferred tool for the assembly of large and complex architectures. The Scholl reaction has maintained significant relevance in contemporary organic synthesis with many advances in recent years and now ranks among the most useful C-C bond-forming processes for the generation of the π-conjugated frameworks of nanographene or their heterocyclic analogs. A broad range of oxidants and Lewis acids have found use in Scholl-type processes, including Cu(OTf)2/AlCl3, FeCl3, MoCl5, PIFA/BF3-Et2O, and DDQ, in combination with Brønsted or Lewis acids, and the surface-mediated reaction has found especially wide applications in PAH synthesis. Undoubtedly, the utility of the Scholl reaction is supreme in the construction of nanographene and their heterocyclic analogues. The detailed analysis of the progress achieved in this field reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation and developing new reagents. In this review, we highlight and discuss the recent modifications in the Scholl reaction for nanographene synthesis using numerous oxidant systems. In addition, the merits or demerits of each oxidative reagent is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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7
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Alsharif MA, Raja QA, Majeed NA, Jassas RS, Alsimaree AA, Sadiq A, Naeem N, Mughal EU, Alsantali RI, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. DDQ as a versatile and easily recyclable oxidant: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29826-29858. [PMID: 35479576 PMCID: PMC9040906 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is the most widely used quinone with a high reduction potential, and it commonly mediates hydride transfer reactions and shows three accessible oxidation states: quinone (oxidized), semiquinone (one-electron-reduced), and hydroquinone (two-electron-reduced). DDQ has found broad utility as a stoichiometric oxidant in the functionalization of activated C-H bonds and the dehydrogenation of saturated C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds. The cost and toxicity of DDQ triggered recent efforts to develop methods that employ catalytic quantities of DDQ in combination with alternative stoichiometric oxidants. The aerobic catalytic approach was established for the selective oxidation of non-sterically hindered electron-rich benzyl methyl ethers and benzylic alcohols, and effectively extended to the oxidative deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl ethers to generate the alcohols in high selectivity. A combination of DDQ and protic acid is known to oxidize several aromatic donors to the corresponding cation radicals. The excited-state DDQ converts benzyls, heteroarenes, fluoroarenes, benzene, and olefins into their radical cation forms as well as chloride and other anions into their respective radicals. These reactive intermediates have been employed for the generation of C-C and C-X (N, O, or Cl) bonds in the synthesis of valuable natural products and organic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is still no review article exclusively describing the applications of DDQ in organic synthesis. Therefore, in the present review, we provide an overview of DDQ-induced organic transformations with their scope, limitations and the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry), College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | | | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Taif University 888-Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Research laboratories unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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8
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Ip HW, Li Y, Kuck D, Chow HF. Regioconvergent Synthesis of a π-Extended Tribenzotriquinacene-Based Wizard Hat-Shaped Nanographene. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5546-5551. [PMID: 33825476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The successful enlargement of the curved π-electron periphery of the wizard hat-shaped polycyclic aromatic compound 1 is described. The target structure 2 features an m,m,p,m,m,p,m,m,p-nonaphenylene belt fused to a central tribenzotriquinacene unit. The synthesis involves a multiple regioconvergent Scholl-type dehydrocyclization as the key step. Spectroscopic, structural, and electronic properties of the title compound 2 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Wang Ip
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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9
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Sun XQ, Wong WS, Li Y, Kuck D, Chow HF. A helically twisted ribbon-shaped nanographene constructed around a fenestrindane core. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ten C–C bonds and four cycloheptatriene rings were formed in one single operation, producing a helically twisted ribbon-shaped nanographene in 11% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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10
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Wong W, Lau W, Li Y, Liu Z, Kuck D, Chow H. Scholl‐Type Cycloheptatriene Ring Closure of 1,4,9,12‐Tetraarylfenestrindanes: Reactivity and Selectivity in the Construction of Fenestrane‐Based Polyaromatic Saddles. Chemistry 2020; 26:4310-4319. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai‐Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Wing‐Wa Lau
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2) Bielefeld University 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hak‐Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and The Center of Novel Functional Molecules The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
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11
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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12
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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13
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Cruz CM, Márquez IR, Castro‐Fernández S, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. A Triskelion‐Shaped Saddle–Helix Hybrid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Silvia Castro‐Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estructural and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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14
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Cruz CM, Márquez IR, Castro‐Fernández S, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. A Triskelion‐Shaped Saddle–Helix Hybrid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8068-8072. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Silvia Castro‐Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estructural and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisbon Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Unidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente Universidad de Granada Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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15
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Zheng X, Su R, Wang Z, Wang T, Bin Z, She Z, Gao G, You J. Synthesis of a Double-Helical Naphthotetraindole Core via an Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Homocoupling Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:797-801. [PMID: 30668121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel naphthotetraindole (NTI) core was synthesized in two steps via the McMurry reaction and a [Cu]/[Ag]-promoted intramolecular dehydrogenative homocoupling reaction. NTI shows a unique X-shaped double-helical structure as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The hole-transport mobility of the bare NTI core was measured to be 2.3 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is comparable with the commonly used Spiro-OMeTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Rongchuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Tianbao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Zhijie She
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
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16
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Wong WS, Tse HW, Cheung E, Kuck D, Chow HF. Enantiopure Aromatic Saddles Bearing the Fenestrindane Core. J Org Chem 2019; 84:869-878. [PMID: 30550282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure, configurationally stable fenestrindane-based polyaromatic compounds with saddle-like structures is reported. Seven racemic fenestrane synthetic precursors were first screened by chiral HPLC for resolvability into enantiomers. Among the three resolvable precursors, a tribenzofenestrene derivative was resolved on a semipreparative scale, and the absolute configuration of the more slowly eluting enantiomer was established by X-ray crystallography. The enantiopure tribenzofenestrenes were then separately converted, in six steps, to the saddle-shaped fenestrindane derivatives in optically pure form. The two enantiomeric pairs of saddles were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. All new compounds reported herein represent the first enantiopure non-natural carbocyclic fenestranes isolated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Wing Tse
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Enoch Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2) , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
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17
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Cruz CM, Castro-Fernández S, Maçôas E, Cuerva JM, Campaña AG. Undecabenzo[7]superhelicene: A Helical Nanographene Ribbon as a Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14782-14786. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estructural and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN); Instituto Superior Técnico; University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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18
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Cruz CM, Castro-Fernández S, Maçôas E, Cuerva JM, Campaña AG. Undecabenzo[7]superhelicene: A Helical Nanographene Ribbon as a Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Silvia Castro-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estructural and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN); Instituto Superior Técnico; University of Lisbon; Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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19
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He L, Ng CF, Li Y, Liu Z, Kuck D, Chow HF. Trefoil-Shaped Porous Nanographenes Bearing a Tribenzotriquinacene Core by Three-fold Scholl Macrocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13635-13639. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi He
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Fai Ng
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- The Center of Novel Functional Molecules; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
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20
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He L, Ng CF, Li Y, Liu Z, Kuck D, Chow HF. Trefoil-Shaped Porous Nanographenes Bearing a Tribenzotriquinacene Core by Three-fold Scholl Macrocyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi He
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Fai Ng
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hak-Fun Chow
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
- The Center of Novel Functional Molecules; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin; Hong Kong Hong Kong
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21
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Humeniuk HV, Rosspeintner A, Licari G, Kilin V, Bonacina L, Vauthey E, Sakai N, Matile S. White‐Fluorescent Dual‐Emission Mechanosensitive Membrane Probes that Function by Bending Rather than Twisting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe Licari
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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22
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Humeniuk HV, Rosspeintner A, Licari G, Kilin V, Bonacina L, Vauthey E, Sakai N, Matile S. White-Fluorescent Dual-Emission Mechanosensitive Membrane Probes that Function by Bending Rather than Twisting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10559-10563. [PMID: 29924457 PMCID: PMC6099517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bent N,N'-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine amphiphiles are introduced as mechanosensitive membrane probes that operate by an unprecedented mechanism, namely, unbending in the excited state as opposed to the previously reported untwisting in the ground and twisting in the excited state. Their dual emission from bent or "closed" and planarized or "open" excited states is shown to discriminate between micelles in water and monomers in solid-ordered (So ), liquid-disordered (Ld ) and bulk membranes. The dual-emission spectra cover enough of the visible range to produce vesicles that emit white light with ratiometrically encoded information. Strategies to improve the bent mechanophores with expanded π systems and auxochromes are reported, and compatibility with imaging of membrane domains in giant unilamellar vesicles by two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe Licari
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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23
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Linke J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Kuck D. Dodecabromo- and Dodecaiodocentrohexaindane: Td-Symmetrical Key Building Blocks for Twelve-Fold Cross-Coupling Reactions and Six-Fold Orthogonal Extension. Chemistry 2018; 24:9316-9324. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Linke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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24
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Cruz CM, Márquez IR, Mariz IFA, Blanco V, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Sobrado JM, Martín-Gago JA, Cuerva JM, Maçôas E, Campaña AG. Enantiopure distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene combining two-photon absorption-based upconversion and circularly polarized luminescence. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3917-3924. [PMID: 29780523 PMCID: PMC5934837 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00427g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene exhibiting unprecedented combination of optical properties in graphene-related materials, namely upconversion based on two-photon absorption (TPA-UC) together with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The compound is a graphene molecule of ca. 2 nm length and 1 nm width with edge defects that promote the distortion of the otherwise planar lattice. The edge defects are an aromatic saddle-shaped ketone unit and a [5]carbohelicene moiety. This system is shown to combine two-photon absorption and circularly polarized luminescence and a remarkably long emission lifetime of 21.5 ns. The [5]helicene is responsible for the chiroptical activity while the push-pull geometry and the extended network of sp2 carbons are factors favoring the nonlinear absorption. Electronic structure theoretical calculations support the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Cruz
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Irene R Márquez
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Inês F A Mariz
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) , Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico , University of Lisbon , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jesús M Sobrado
- Centro de Astrobiología INTA-CSIC , Torrejón de Ardoz , 28850 Madrid , Spain
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Centro de Astrobiología INTA-CSIC , Torrejón de Ardoz , 28850 Madrid , Spain
| | - Juan M Cuerva
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular (CQFM) , Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN) and Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico , University of Lisbon , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 , 1049-001 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento Química Orgánica , Universidad de Granada (UGR) , C. U. Fuentenueva , 18071 Granada , Spain .
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25
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Smith JN, Lucas NT. Rigid tetraarylene-bridged cavitands from reduced-symmetry resorcin[4]arene derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4716-4719. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Two tetraaryl-extended macrocycles were prepared from resorcin[4]arenes. The C2v-symmetric isomer afforded a new rigid cyclooctaphenylene cavitand following oxidative cyclodehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N. Smith
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9016
- New Zealand
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9016
- New Zealand
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26
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Márquez IR, Castro-Fernández S, Millán A, Campaña AG. Synthesis of distorted nanographenes containing seven- and eight-membered carbocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6705-6718. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We highlight recent progress in bottom-up synthesis of well-defined distorted polyaromatic hydrocarbons with saddle shapes containing heptagonal and octagonal carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Granada (UGR)
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Alba Millán
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Granada (UGR)
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Granada (UGR)
- 18071 Granada
- Spain
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27
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Bredenkötter B, Linke J, Kuck D. Stereocontrolled Access to Benzo-Annelated all-cis- andcis,cis,cis,trans-[5.5.5.6]Fenestranones and all-cis-[5.5.5.5]Fenestranes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bredenkötter
- Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jens Linke
- Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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