1
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Wang Y, Li Y, Sang R, Xu L. [Bi 10{RuPPh 3} 3] -: Paramagnetic 13-Vertex Polybismuthide Heteroanion. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39012053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 reacts with Binn- from an ethylenediamine (en) solution of K5Bi4 to yield a new architype of 13-vertex [Bi10{RuPPh3}3]- (1) composed of unprecedented incomplete cuboidal Bi73- and triangular Bi33- held together by {RuPPh3}2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ruili Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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2
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Zang Y, Wang Y, Sang R, Xu L. Dimeric polybismuth heteroanion of [Rh@Bi 10(RhCO) 5] 2- constructed using Bi 10-bowl and square pyramidal Rh@(Rh-CO) 5. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15935-15939. [PMID: 37843250 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox reaction of the monovalent Rh2(CO)4Cl2 and Binn- (n = 2, 3) from K5Bi4 in ethylenediamine (en) solution produced the decabismuthide-hexarhodium dianion [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]2- (1a) wherein a novel Bi10-bowl was constructed from oxidized 2Bi3/2Bi2 open triangles/dimers, which was stabilized by strong bonding to a reduced Rh@(RhCO)5 square pyramid. Two 1a dianons are held together by weak interactions (van der Waals forces and spatial resistance) to form a dimer [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)5]24- (1). The structure and bonding of the novel polybismuthide heteroanion 1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruili Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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3
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi 3 ) 2- Anions (Tr=Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210683. [PMID: 36008351 PMCID: PMC9825972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the charge of Zintl anions by (element-)organic substituents allows their use as sources of (semi)metal nanostructures in common organic solvents, as realized for group 15 anions or Ge9 4- and Sn9 4- . We developed a new strategy for other anions, using low-coordinate 3d metal complexes as electrophiles. [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of (TrBi3 )2- anions dissolved in situ in Et2 O and/or THF when reacted with [Mn(hmds)2 ]. Work-up afforded soluble [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (TlBi3 )]2- (in 1), [{(hmds)2 Mn}2 (Bi2 )]2- (in 2), and [{(hmds)Mn}4 (Bi2 )2 ]2- (in 3) (crypt-222=4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane; Tr=Ga, In, Tl; hmds=N(SiMe3 )2 ), representing rare cases of Zintl clusters with open-shell metal atoms. 1 comprises the first coordination compound of the (TlBi3 )2- anion, 2 features a diamond-shaped {Pn2 M2 } unit, and 3 is a mixed-valent MnI /MnII compound. The uncommon electronic structures in 1-3 and magnetic coupling were studied by comprehensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. BordeauxCNRSCentre de Recherche Paul PascalCRPPUMR 503133600PessacFrance
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 453043MarburgGermany
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4
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Schwamm RJ, Kilpatrick AFR, Coles MP. Catenated (Bi)
n
(
n
=2, 3, 4) Complexes with Formally Monovalent Bismuth Centres. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schwamm
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington PO Box 6012 New Zealand
| | | | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington PO Box 6012 New Zealand
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5
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Rienmüller J, Schmidt A, Yutronkie NJ, Clérac R, Werncke CG, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Reactive Solubilization of Heterometallic Clusters by Treatment of (TrBi3)2– Anions (Tr = Ga, In, Tl) with [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rienmüller
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | | | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität Marburg ZMB: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Philipps-Universität Marburg: Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg GERMANY
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6
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Pan F, Wei S, Guggolz L, Eulenstein AR, Tambornino F, Dehnen S. Insights into Formation and Relationship of Multimetallic Clusters: On the Way toward Bi-Rich Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7176-7188. [PMID: 33905232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth-rich polyanions show a unique potential in constructing nanostructured bismuth-based materials, but they are still poorly investigated. We use a ternary precursor of the nominal composition "K5Ga2Bi4" for the formation of [K(crypt-222)]+ salts of novel Bi-rich polyanions [Bi@Ga8(Bi2)6]q- (q = 3, 5; in 1), (Ga2Bi16)4- (in 2), and [{Ru(cod)}4Bi18]4- (in 3). Their bismuth contents exceed that of the largest homoatomic polyanion, Bi113-. The numbers of bismuth atoms in the anions in 2 and 3 furthermore surmount that of the Bi-richest binary main-group anion, (Ge4Bi14)4-, and they equal (2) or surmount (3) that reported for the anion and the cations with the largest number of Bi atoms so far, [K2Zn20Bi16]6-, [(Bi8)Ru(Bi8)]6+, and [(Bi8)Au(Bi8)]5+. Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained from reaction mixtures that contain [La(C5Me4H)3], apparently assisting in the network formation without being included in the products. In the presence of [Ru(cod)(H2CC(Me)CH2)2], yet another reaction pathway leads to the formation of the anions in 3 (conformers 3a and 3b), which are Bi-Bi linked dimers of two "[{Ru(cod)}2Bi9]2-" subunits. They comprise the largest connected assemblies of Bi atoms within one molecule and may be viewed as snapshots on the way toward even larger polybismuthide units and, ultimately, new bismuth modifications. Mass spectrometry allowed insight into the processes in solution that precede the cluster formation. In-depth quantum chemical studies were applied to explain structural peculiarities, stabilities of the observed isomers, and bonding characteristics of these bismuth-rich nanoarchitectures. The work demonstrates the high potential of the method for the access of new Bi-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shangxin Wei
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin R Eulenstein
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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7
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Qiao L, Chen D, Zhu J, Muñoz-Castro A, Sun ZM. [Bi 6Mo 3(CO) 9] 4-: a multiple local σ-aromatic cluster containing a distorted Bi 6 triangular prism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3656-3659. [PMID: 33724289 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first Zintl cluster containing a distorted Bi6 triangular prism, [Bi6Mo3(CO)9]4-, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Quantum chemical calculations indicated that the distorted cage cluster features multiple local σ-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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8
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Wang Y, McGrady JE, Sun ZM. Solution-Based Group 14 Zintl Anions: New Frontiers and Discoveries. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1506-1516. [PMID: 33677965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusGroup 14 Zintl anions [Ex]q- (E = Si-Pb, x = 4, 5, 9, 10) are synthetically accessible, and their diverse chemical reactivity makes them valuable synthons in the construction of larger nanoclusters with remarkable structures, intriguing patterns of chemical bonding, and tunable physical and chemical properties. A plethora of novel cluster anions have now been isolated from the reactions of polyanionic [Ex]q- precursors with low-valent d-/f-block metal complexes, main-group organometallics, or organics in polar aprotic solvents. The range of products includes intermetalloid clusters with transition metal atom(s) embedded in main-group element cages, organometallic Zintl anions in which [Ex]q- acts as a ligand, intermetallic Zintl anions where [Ex]q- is bridged by ligand-free transition metal atom(s), organo-Zintl anions where [Ex]q- is functionalized with organic-group(s), and oligomers formed through oxidative coupling reactions. The synthesis and characterization of these unconventional complexes, where important contributions to stability come from ionic, covalent, and metal-metal bonds as well as weaker aurophilic and van der Waals interactions, extend the boundaries of coordination chemistry and solid-state chemistry. Substantial progress has been made in this field over the past two decades, but there are still many mysteries to unravel related to the cluster growth mechanism and the controllable synthesis of targeted clusters, along with the remarkable and diverse patterns of chemical bonding that present a substantial challenge to theory. In this Account, we hope to shed some light on the relationship between structure, electronic properties, and cluster growth by highlighting selected examples from our recent work on homoatomic deltahedral [Ex]q- anions, including (1) germanium-based Zintl clusters, such as the supertetrahedral intermetallic clusters [M6Ge16]4- (M = Zn, Cd) and the sandwich cluster {(Ge9)2[η6-Ge(PdPPh3)3]}4- with a heterometallic Ge@Pd3 interlayer; (2) tin-based intermetalloid clusters [Mx@Sny]q- and the application of [Co@Sn9]4- in bottom-up synthesis; and (3) lead clusters with precious metal cores, including the largest Zintl anion [Au12Pb44]8-. In addition to their intrinsic appeal from a structural and electronic perspective, these new cluster anions also show promise as precursors for the development of new materials with applications in heterogeneous catalysis, where we have recently reported the selective reduction of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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9
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Eulenstein AR, Franzke YJ, Lichtenberger N, Wilson RJ, Deubner HL, Kraus F, Clérac R, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Substantial π-aromaticity in the anionic heavy-metal cluster [Th@Bi 12] 4. Nat Chem 2021; 13:149-155. [PMID: 33288891 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The concept of aromaticity was originally defined as a property of unsaturated, cyclic planar organic molecules like benzene, which gain stability by the inherent delocalization of 4n + 2 π-electrons over the ring atoms. Since then, π-aromaticity has been observed for a large variety of organic and inorganic non-metal compounds, yet, for molecules consisting only of metal atoms, it has remained restricted to systems with three to five atoms. Here, we present the straightforward synthesis of a metal 12-ring that exhibits 2π-aromaticity and has a ring current much stronger than that of benzene (6π) and equivalent to that of porphine (26π), despite these organic molecules having (much) larger numbers of π-electrons. Highly reducing reaction conditions allowed access to the heterometallic anion [Th@Bi12]4-, with interstitial Th4+ stabilizing a Bi128- moiety. Our results show that it is possible to design and generate substantial π-aromaticity in large metal rings, and we hope that such π-aromatic heavy-metal cycles will eventually find use in cluster-based reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin R Eulenstein
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - H Lars Deubner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Pessac, France
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge x As 4-x ) x- (x=2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au 6 (Ge 3 As)(Ge 2 As 2 ) 3 ] 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16638-16643. [PMID: 32648322 PMCID: PMC7540319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Zintl anion (Ge2 As2 )2- represents an isostructural and isoelectronic binary counterpart of yellow arsenic, yet without being studied with the same intensity so far. Upon introducing [(PPh3 )AuMe] into the 1,2-diaminoethane (en) solution of (Ge2 As2 )2- , the heterometallic cluster anion [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- is obtained as its salt [K(crypt-222)]3 [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]⋅en⋅2 tol (1). The anion represents a rare example of a superpolyhedral Zintl cluster, and it comprises the largest number of Au atoms relative to main group (semi)metal atoms in such clusters. The overall supertetrahedral structure is based on a (non-bonding) octahedron of six Au atoms that is face-capped by four (Gex As4-x )x- (x=2, 3) units. The Au atoms bind to four main group atoms in a rectangular manner, and this way hold the four units together to form this unprecedented architecture. The presence of one (Ge3 As)3- unit besides three (Ge2 As2 )2- units as a consequence of an exchange reaction in solution was verified by detailed quantum chemical (DFT) calculations, which ruled out all other compositions besides [Au6 (Ge3 As)(Ge2 As2 )3 ]3- . Reactions of the heavier homologues (Tt2 Pn2 )2- (Tt=Sn, Pb; Pn=Sb, Bi) did not yield clusters corresponding to that in 1, but dimers of ternary nine-vertex clusters, {[AuTt5 Pn3 ]2 }4- (in 2-4; Tt/Pn=Sn/Sb, Sn/Bi, Pb/Sb), since the underlying pseudo-tetrahedral units comprising heavier atoms do not tend to undergo the said exchange reactions as readily as (Ge2 As2 )2- , according to the DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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11
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Guggolz L, Dehnen S. Systematic DFT Studies on Binary Pseudo-tetrahedral Zintl Anions: Relative Stabilities and Reactivities towards Protons, Trimethylsilyl Groups, and Iron Complex Fragments. Chemistry 2020; 26:11819-11828. [PMID: 32285972 PMCID: PMC7540718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Binary pseudo-tetrahedral Zintl anions composed of (semi)metal atoms of the p-block elements have proven to be excellent starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of heterometallic and intermetalloid transition metal-main group metal cluster anions. However, only ten of the theoretically possible 48 anions have been experimentally accessed to date as isolable salts. This brings up the question whether the other species are generally not achievable, or whether synthetic chemists just have not succeeded in their preparation so far. To contribute to a possible answer to this question, global minimum structures were calculated for all anions of the type (TrTt3 )5- , (TrPn3 )2- , and (Tt2 Pn2 )2- , comprising elements of periods 3 to 6 (Tr: triel, Al⋅⋅⋅Tl; Tt: tetrel, Si⋅⋅⋅Pb; Pn: pnictogen, P⋅⋅⋅Bi). By analyzing the computational results, a concept was developed to predict which of the yet missing anions should be synthesizable and why. Additionally, the results of an electrophilic attack by protons or trimethylsilyl groups or a nucleophilic attack by transition metal complex fragments are described. The latter yields butterfly-like structures that can be viewed as a new form of adaptable tridentate chelating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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12
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Wilson RJ, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The
Arachno
‐Zintl Ion (Sn
5
Sb
3
)
3−
and the Effects of Element Composition on the Structures of Isoelectronic Clusters: Another Facet of the Pseudo‐Element Concept. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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13
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Wilson RJ, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The Arachno-Zintl Ion (Sn 5 Sb 3 ) 3- and the Effects of Element Composition on the Structures of Isoelectronic Clusters: Another Facet of the Pseudo-Element Concept. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14251-14255. [PMID: 32449980 PMCID: PMC7496391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo-element concept, in its most general formulation, states that isoelectronic atoms form equal numbers of bonds. Hence, clusters such as Zintl ions usually retain their structure upon isoelectronic replacement of some or all atoms. Here, a deviation from this common observation is presented, namely the formation of (Sn5 Sb3 )3- (1), a rare example of an eight-vertex Zintl ion, and an unprecedented example of a Zintl ion synthesized by solution means that has an arachno-type structure according to the Wade-Mingos rules. Three structure-types of interest for (Sn5 Sb3 )3- were identified by DFT calculations: one that matched the X-ray diffraction data, and two that that were reminiscent of fragments of known clusters. A study on the isoelectronic series of clusters, (Snx Sb8-x )2-x (x=0-8), showed that the relative energies of these three isomers vary significantly with composition (independent of electron count) and that each is the global minimum at least once within the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein Straße 435043MarburgGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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14
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Pan F, Guggolz L, Weigend F, Dehnen S. Atom Exchange Versus Reconstruction: (Ge
x
As
4−
x
)
x
−
(
x=
2, 3) as Building Blocks for the Supertetrahedral Zintl Cluster [Au
6
(Ge
3
As)(Ge
2
As
2
)
3
]
3−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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15
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Chen S, Li Z, Yuan B, Lin L, Whangbo MH, Xu L. Aggregation of Polybismuthide Anions in a Single Compound Using +Rh-CO Units: Heterometallic Cluster Ions [Rh@Bi10(RhCO)6]3– and [Rh@Bi9(RhCO)5]3–. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10628-10633. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Myung-Hwan Whangbo
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Li Xu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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16
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Schulz S. Stepwise Bi–Bi Bond Formation: From a Bi-centered Radical to Bi4 Butterfly and Bi8 Cuneane-Type Clusters. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11142-11151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, Essen D-45117, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, Essen D-45117, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide), Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, Essen D-45117, Germany
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17
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Peters B, Lichtenberger N, Dornsiepen E, Dehnen S. Current advances in tin cluster chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:16-26. [PMID: 32110355 PMCID: PMC7012043 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective summarizes highlights and most recent advances in tin cluster chemistry, thereby addressing the whole diversity of (mostly) discrete units containing tin atoms. Although being a (semi-)metallic element, tin is in the position to occur both in formally positive or negative oxidation states in these molecules, which causes a broad range of fundamentally different properties of the corresponding compounds. Tin(iv) compounds are not as oxophilic and not as prone to hydrolysis as related Si or Ge compounds, hence allowing for easier handling and potential application. Nevertheless, their reactivity is high due to an overall reduction of bond energies, which makes tin clusters interesting candidates for functional compounds. Beside aspects that point towards bioactivity or even medical applications, materials composed of naked or ligand-protected tin clusters, with or without bridging ligands, show interesting optical, and ion/molecule-trapping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Peters
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie , Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany .
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18
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van IJzendoorn B, Mehta M. Frontiers in the solution-phase chemistry of homoatomic group 15 Zintl clusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14758-14765. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the solution-phase chemistry of polypnictogen Zintl cluster are discussed, including the preparation of new clusters, wet synthetic methods, and their subsequent small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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19
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Wilson RJ, Lichtenberger N, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8506-8554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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20
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Liu C, Tkachenko NV, Popov IA, Fedik N, Min X, Xu C, Li J, McGrady JE, Boldyrev AI, Sun Z. Structure and Bonding in [Sb@In
8
Sb
12
]
3−
and [Sb@In
8
Sb
12
]
5−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8367-8371. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Centre for Rare earth and inorganic functional materials Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Cong‐Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Centre for Rare earth and inorganic functional materials Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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21
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Liu C, Tkachenko NV, Popov IA, Fedik N, Min X, Xu C, Li J, McGrady JE, Boldyrev AI, Sun Z. Structure and Bonding in [Sb@In
8
Sb
12
]
3−
and [Sb@In
8
Sb
12
]
5−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Centre for Rare earth and inorganic functional materials Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Nikolay V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Ivan A. Popov
- Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Xue Min
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Cong‐Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300, Old Main Hill Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
| | - Zhong‐Ming Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications Centre for Rare earth and inorganic functional materials Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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22
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Lichtenberger N, Massa W, Dehnen S. Polybismuthide Anions as Ligands: The Homoleptic Complex [(Bi
7
)Cd(Bi
7
)]
4−
and the Ternary Cluster [(Bi
6
)Zn
3
(TlBi
5
)]
4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3222-3226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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23
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Mitzinger S, Guggolz L, Massa W, Dehnen S. Evidence for the Existence of (SiP 6
H 2
) 2-
and its Homologs as Examples of Binary Nortricyclane-Type Zintl Anions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW); Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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24
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Lichtenberger N, Massa W, Dehnen S. Polybismutid‐Anionen als Liganden: der homoleptische Komplex [(Bi
7
)Cd(Bi
7
)]
4−
und der ternäre Cluster [(Bi
6
)Zn
3
(TlBi
5
)]
4−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
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25
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Groh MF, Müller U, Isaeva A, Ruck M. The Intermetalloid Clusters [Ni2Bi12]4+and [Rh2Bi12]4+- Ionothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Chemical Bonding. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F. Groh
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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26
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Wilson RJ, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Recent developments in Zintl cluster chemistry. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14861-14869. [PMID: 30239543 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zintl anions have been known for more than a century and were studied systematically by Eduard Zintl in the 1930s. Since then, they have been investigated for their interesting structures, bonding, and physical properties - in solid Zintl phases, in solvate salts, and in solution. While their popularity remained limited for several decades, Zintl ion chemistry has recently experienced a renaissance as a result of breakthroughs regarding their modifications into multinary anions that include transition metal atoms, their organic derivatization, and their oxidative linkage. A plethora of reports from the past two decades - demonstrating the ever growing variety of Zintl ion chemistry - have been since summarized in several review articles. Herein, we intend to present the most recent developments, which also shed light on Zintl anions and clusters as useful precursors for materials development, as illustrated by one recent example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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27
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Dehnen S. Materials from binary tetrahedral main group element units. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Lichtenberger N, Franzke YJ, Massa W, Weigend F, Dehnen S. The Identity of “Ternary” A/Tl/Pb or K/Tl/Bi Solid Mixtures and Binary Zintl Anions Isolated From Their Solutions. Chemistry 2018; 24:12022-12030. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Yannick J. Franzke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Physical Chemistry Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Nanotechnology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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29
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Mitzinger S, Bandemehr J, Reiter K, Scott McIndoe J, Xie X, Weigend F, Corrigan JF, Dehnen S. (Ge2P2)2−: a binary analogue of P4 as a precursor to the ternary cluster anion [Cd3(Ge3P)3]3−. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1421-1424. [PMID: 29303170 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel binary P4 analogue (Ge2P2)2− proved to be a suitable precursor for heteroatomic cluster synthesis. Upon reaction with CdPh2, an unprecedented cluster anion is formed, [Cd3(Ge3P)3]−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mitzinger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemistry
- London
| | - Jascha Bandemehr
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | | | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - John F. Corrigan
- The University of Western Ontario, Department of Chemistry
- London
- Canada
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35043 Marburg
- Germany
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30
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Knies M, Kaiser M, Isaeva A, Müller U, Doert T, Ruck M. The Intermetalloid Cluster Cation (CuBi8)3+. Chemistry 2017; 24:127-132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Knies
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Anna Isaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
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