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Kambe T, Wagatsuma T. Metalation and activation of Zn 2+ enzymes via early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041302. [PMID: 38510844 PMCID: PMC10903440 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn2+), an essential trace element, binds to various proteins, including enzymes, transcription factors, channels, and signaling molecules and their receptors, to regulate their activities in a wide range of physiological functions. Zn2+ proteome analyses have indicated that approximately 10% of the proteins encoded by the human genome have potential Zn2+ binding sites. Zn2+ binding to the functional site of a protein (for enzymes, the active site) is termed Zn2+ metalation. In eukaryotic cells, approximately one-third of proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum; therefore, a considerable number of proteins mature by Zn2+ metalation in the early secretory pathway compartments. Failure to capture Zn2+ in these compartments results in not only the inactivation of enzymes (apo-Zn2+ enzymes), but also their elimination via degradation. This process deserves attention because many Zn2+ enzymes that mature during the secretory process are associated with disease pathogenesis. However, how Zn2+ is mobilized via Zn2+ transporters, particularly ZNTs, and incorporated in enzymes has not been fully elucidated from the cellular perspective and much less from the biophysical perspective. This review focuses on Zn2+ enzymes that are activated by Zn2+ metalation via Zn2+ transporters during the secretory process. Further, we describe the importance of Zn2+ metalation from the physiopathological perspective, helping to reveal the importance of understanding Zn2+ enzymes from a biophysical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Wagatsuma T, Suzuki E, Shiotsu M, Sogo A, Nishito Y, Ando H, Hashimoto H, Petris MJ, Kinoshita M, Kambe T. Pigmentation and TYRP1 expression are mediated by zinc through the early secretory pathway-resident ZNT proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:403. [PMID: 37072620 PMCID: PMC10113262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP1 and TYRP2) are essential for pigmentation. They are generally classified as type-3 copper proteins, with binuclear copper active sites. Although there is experimental evidence for a copper cofactor in TYR, delivered via the copper transporter, ATP7A, the presence of copper in TYRP1 and TYRP2 has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that the expression and function of TYRP1 requires zinc, mediated by ZNT5-ZNT6 heterodimers (ZNT5-6) or ZNT7-ZNT7 homodimers (ZNT7). Loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 function results in hypopigmentation in medaka fish and human melanoma cells, and is accompanied by immature melanosomes and reduced melanin content, as observed in TYRP1 dysfunction. The requirement of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 for TYRP1 expression is conserved in human, mouse, and chicken orthologs. Our results provide novel insights into the pigmentation process and address questions regarding metalation in tyrosinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eisuke Suzuki
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Miku Shiotsu
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Sogo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michael J Petris
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
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4
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Buitrago E, Faure C, Carotti M, Bergantino E, Hardré R, Maresca M, Philouze C, Vanthuyne N, Boumendjel A, Bubacco L, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H, Réglier M, Belle C. Exploiting HOPNO-dicopper center interaction to development of inhibitors for human tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115090. [PMID: 36634457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In human, Tyrosinase enzyme (TyH) is involved in the key steps of protective pigments biosynthesis (in skin, eyes and hair). The use of molecules targeting its binuclear copper active site represents a relevant strategy to regulate TyH activities. In this work, we targeted 2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide analogs (HOPNO, an established chelating group for the tyrosinase dicopper active site) with the aim to combine effects induced by combination with a reference inhibitor (kojic acid) or natural substrate (tyrosine). The HOPNO-MeOH (3) and the racemic amino acid HOPNO-AA compounds (11) were tested on purified tyrosinases from different sources (fungal, bacterial and human) for comparison purposes. Both compounds have more potent inhibitory activities than the parent HOPNO moiety and display strictly competitive inhibition constant, in particular with human tyrosinase. Furthermore, 11 appears to be the most active on the B16-F1 mammal melanoma cells. The investigations were completed by stereospecificity analysis. Racemic mixture of the fully protected amino acid 10 was separated by chiral HPLC into the corresponding enantiomers. Assignment of the absolute configuration of the deprotected compounds was completed, based on X-ray crystallography. The inhibition activities on melanin production were tested on lysates and whole human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Results showed significant enhancement of the inhibitory effects for the (S) enantiomer compared to the (R) enantiomer. Computational studies led to an explanation of this difference of activity based for both enantiomers on the respective position of the amino acid group versus the HOPNO plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Clarisse Faure
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
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5
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The retinal pigmentation pathway in human albinism: Not so black and white. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101091. [PMID: 35729001 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Albinism is a pigment disorder affecting eye, skin and/or hair. Patients usually have decreased melanin in affected tissues and suffer from severe visual abnormalities, including foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting. Combining our data with those of the literature, we propose a single functional genetic retinal signalling pathway that includes all 22 currently known human albinism disease genes. We hypothesise that defects affecting the genesis or function of different intra-cellular organelles, including melanosomes, cause syndromic forms of albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS)). We put forward that specific melanosome impairments cause different forms of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1-8). Further, we incorporate GPR143 that has been implicated in ocular albinism (OA1), characterised by a phenotype limited to the eye. Finally, we include the SLC38A8-associated disorder FHONDA that causes an even more restricted "albinism-related" ocular phenotype with foveal hypoplasia and chiasmal misrouting but without pigmentation defects. We propose the following retinal pigmentation pathway, with increasingly specific genetic and cellular defects causing an increasingly specific ocular phenotype: (HPS1-11/CHS: syndromic forms of albinism)-(OCA1-8: OCA)-(GPR143: OA1)-(SLC38A8: FHONDA). Beyond disease genes involvement, we also evaluate a range of (candidate) regulatory and signalling mechanisms affecting the activity of the pathway in retinal development, retinal pigmentation and albinism. We further suggest that the proposed pigmentation pathway is also involved in other retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration. The hypotheses put forward in this report provide a framework for further systematic studies in albinism and melanin pigmentation disorders.
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6
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Ghani U. Azole inhibitors of mushroom and human tyrosinases: Current advances and prospects of drug development for melanogenic dermatological disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114525. [PMID: 35717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a famous and promising class of drugs for treatment of a range of ailments especially fungal infections. A wide variety of azole derivatives are also known to exhibit tyrosinase inhibition, some of which possess promising activity with potential for treatment of dermatological disorders such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, nevus, flecks, melasma, and melanoma. Recently, thiazolyl-resorcinol derivatives have demonstrated potent human tyrosinase inhibition with a safe and effective therapeutic profile for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation in humans, which are currently under clinical trials. If approved these derivatives would be the first azole drugs to be used for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. Although the scientific literature has been witnessing general reviews on tyrosinase inhibitors to date, there is none that specifically and comprehensively discusses azole inhibitors of tyrosinase. Appreciating such potential of azoles, this focused review highlights a wide range of their derivatives with promising mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitory activities and clinical potential for treatment of melanogenic dermatological disorders. Presently, these disorders have been treated with kojic acid, hydroquinone and other drugs, the design and development of which are based on their ability to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase. The active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases carry structural differences which affect substrate or inhibitor binding. For this reason, kojic acid and other drugs pose efficacy and safety issues since they were originally developed using mushroom tyrosinase and have been clinically used on human tyrosinase. Design and development of tyrosinase inhibitors should be based on human tyrosinase, however, there are challenges in obtaining the human enzyme and understanding its structure and function. The review discusses these challenges that encompass structural and functional differences between mushroom and human tyrosinases and the manner in which they are inhibited. The review also gauges promising azole derivatives with potential for development of drugs against skin hyperpigmentation by analyzing and comparing their tyrosinase inhibitory activities against mushroom and human tyrosinases, computational data, and clinical profile where available. It aims to lay groundwork for development of new azole drugs for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, melanoma, and related dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ghani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Li S, Liu D, Wu B, Sun H, Liu X, Zhang H, Ding N, Wu L. One-pot synthesis of a peroxidase-like nanozyme and its application in visual assay for tyrosinase activity. Talanta 2021; 239:123088. [PMID: 34838324 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Both single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) and protein-template metal nanoparticles have attracted comprehensive attention in several respects owing to their excellent catalytic performance, green facile synthesis process, and robustness. Herein, the peroxidase-like activity of single-atom copper anchored on bovine hemoglobin-template gadolinium nanoparticles (Cu,Gd@BHbFITC NPs) were successfully synthesized and two sensitive turn-on fluorescence strategies for tyrosinase (TYR) activity sensing were proposed for the first time. For strategy Ⅰ, TYR sensing was carried out from 1.00 to 7.80 U/mL with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.20 U/mL based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and the in situ generated polydopamine dots (PDA-dots). For strategy Ⅱ, The LOD of TYR was 0.05 U/mL with the linear range of 0.40-19.70 U/mL based on the elimination of inner-filter effect (IEF) between FITC and the reaction product (RC) of phenol and 4-Aminoantipyrine (AAP). The smartphone-assisted sensing platform was applied to construct the on-site detection of TYR with both strategies. The developed probe possessed good selectivity and was successfully utilized to TYR detection in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huipeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Nana Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
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Buitrago E, Faure C, Challali L, Bergantino E, Boumendjel A, Bubacco L, Carotti M, Hardré R, Maresca M, Philouze C, Jamet H, Réglier M, Belle C. Ditopic Chelators of Dicopper Centers for Enhanced Tyrosinases Inhibition. Chemistry 2021; 27:4384-4393. [PMID: 33284485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase enzymes (Tys) are involved in the key steps of melanin (protective pigments) biosynthesis and molecules targeting the binuclear copper active site on tyrosinases represent a relevant strategy to regulate enzyme activities. In this work, the possible synergic effect generated by a combination of known inhibitors is studied. For this, derivatives containing kojic acid (KA) and 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HOPNO) combined with a thiosemicarbazone (TSC) moiety were synthetized. Their inhibition activities were evaluated on purified tyrosinases from different sources (mushroom, bacterial, and human) as well as on melanin production by lysates from the human melanoma MNT-1 cell line. Results showed significant enhancement of the inhibitory effects compared with the parent compounds, in particular for HOPNO-TSC. To elucidate the interaction mode with the dicopper(II) active site, binding studies with a tyrosinase bio-inspired model of the dicopper(II) center were investigated. The structure of the isolated adduct between one ditopic inhibitor (KA-TSC) and the model complex reveals that the binding to a dicopper center can occur with both chelating sites. Computational studies on model complexes and docking studies on enzymes led to the identification of KA and HOPNO moieties as interacting groups with the dicopper active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, DPM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Faure
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lylia Challali
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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9
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Pu Y, Zhou B, Xiang H, Wu W, Yin H, Yue W, Yin Y, Li H, Chen Y, Xu H. Tyrosinase-activated prodrug nanomedicine as oxidative stress amplifier for melanoma-specific treatment. Biomaterials 2020; 259:120329. [PMID: 32836058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers, posing severe threat to human health. Tyrosinase, overexpressed in melanoma cells, is a specific in-situ weapon to augment the therapeutic efficacy of melanoma-specific treatment by in-situ accelerating the activation of anti-melanoma prodrugs. Herein, we developed a tyrosinase-triggered oxidative stress amplifier, denoted as APAP@PEG/HMnO2, to achieve synergistic chemotherapy and amplified oxidative stress for melanoma-specific treatment. The APAP@PEG/HMnO2 nanosystem was constructed by encapsulating non-toxic prodrug acetaminophen (APAP) into hollow PEG/HMnO2 nanostructures. After tumor accumulation of APAP@PEG/HMnO2 amplifier, substantial amounts of oxygen (O2) was generated through reaction between HMnO2 and excessive H2O2 present in tumor environment. Meanwhile, APAP was released at acidic tumor environment and subsequently activated by overexpressed tyrosinase in the presence of O2 to produce cytotoxic benzoquinone metabolites (AOBQ). On the basis of the combinational effect of AOBQ-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and synergistic glutathione (GSH) depletion as promoted by HMnO2 and AOBQ, the APAP@PEG/HMnO2 administration augmented the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy by amplifying the intratumoral oxidative stress, thus inducing remarkable cell apoptosis in vitro and tumor suppression in vivo. Therefore, the constructed prodrug nanomedicine represents a prospective tumor-specific therapeutic nanoagent for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Pu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Bangguo Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China.
| | - Wencheng Wu
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Haohao Yin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Wenwen Yue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Yifei Yin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
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10
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Liu YF, Shen J, Chen SL, Qiao W, Zhou S, Hong K. Theoretical study of aromatic hydroxylation of the [Cu 2(H-XYL)O 2] 2+ complex mediated by a side-on peroxo dicopper core and Cu-ligand effects. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16882-16893. [PMID: 31621734 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02814e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the aromatic hydroxylation mechanism of the [Cu2(H-XYL)O2]2+ complex mediated by a peroxo dicopper core and Cu-ligand effects are investigated by using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and the broken symmetry B3LYP method. Based on the calculated free-energy profiles, we proposed two available mechanisms. The first reaction steps of both mechanisms involve concerted O-O bond cleavage and C-O bond formation and the second step involves the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the substrate by a [1,2] H shift (HA shift from CA to CC) or (HA shift from CA to OA) across the phenyl ring to form stable dienone intermediates, and this is followed by the protonation of bridging oxygen atoms to produce the final hydroxylated dicopper(ii) product. The HA shift from CA to CC mechanism is the energetically most favorable, in which the first reaction step is the rate-limiting reaction, with a calculated free-energy barrier of 19.0 kcal mol-1 and a deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1.0, in agreement with experimental observations. The calculation also shows that the reaction started from the P-type species of [Cu2(H-XYL)O2]2+ which is capable of mediating the direct hydroxylation of aromatic substrates without the intermediacy of an O-type species. Finally, we designed some new complexes with different Cu-ligands and found the complex that computationally possesses a higher activity in mediating the hydroxylation of the ligand based aromatic substrate; here, Cu loses a pyridyl ligand donor by dissociation, compared to the [Cu2(H-XYL)O2]2+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China. and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Shi-Lu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiye Qiao
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, University of Xingtai, Xingtai, Hebei 054001, China
| | - Suqin Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Kun Hong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
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11
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Zhang P, Li S, Fu C, Zhang Q, Xiao Y, Ding C. A colorimetric and near -infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for the determination of endogenous tyrosinase activity based on cyanine aggregation. Analyst 2019; 144:5472-5478. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for TYR activity with high sensitivity was developed based on the H-aggregation of a cyanine dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Yuzhe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
- PR China
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12
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Hou J, Vázquez-González M, Fadeev M, Liu X, Lavi R, Willner I. Catalyzed and Electrocatalyzed Oxidation of l-Tyrosine and l-Phenylalanine to Dopachrome by Nanozymes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4015-4022. [PMID: 29745234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalyzed oxygen insertion into C-H bonds represents a continuous challenge in chemistry. Particularly, driving this process at ambient temperature and aqueous media represents a "holy grail" in catalysis. We report on the catalyzed cascade transformations of l-tyrosine or l-phenylalanine to dopachrome in the presence of l-ascorbic acid/H2O2 as oxidizing mixture and CuFe-Prussian Blue-like nanoparticles, Fe3O4 nanoparticles or Au nanoparticles as catalysts. The process involves the primary transformation of l-tyrosine to l-DOPA that is further oxidized to dopachrome. The transformation of l-phenylalanine to dopachrome in the presence of CuFe-Prussian Blue-like nanoparticles and l-ascorbic acid/H2O2 involves in the first step the formation of l-tyrosine and, subsequently, the operation of the catalytic oxidation cascade of l-tyrosine to l-DOPA and dopachrome. Electron spin resonance experiments demonstrate that ascorbate radicals and hydroxyl radicals play cooperative functions in driving the different oxygen-insertion processes. In addition, the aerobic elecrocatalyzed oxidation of l-tyrosine to dopachrome in the presence of naphthoquinone-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and l-ascorbic acid is demonstrated. In this system, magnetic-field attraction of the naphthoquinone-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the electrode allows the quinone-mediated electrocatalyzed reduction of O2 to H2O2 (bias potential -0.5 V vs SCE). The electrogenerated H2O2 is then utilized to promote the transformation of l-tyrosine to dopachrome in the presence of l-ascorbic acid and Fe3O4 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hou
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Margarita Vázquez-González
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Michael Fadeev
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Ronit Lavi
- Department of Chemistry , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52 900 , Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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13
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Peng M, Wang Y, Fu Q, Sun F, Na N, Ouyang J. Melanosome-Targeting Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with Large Stokes Shift for in Situ Quantification of Tyrosinase Activity and Assessing Drug Effects on Differently Invasive Melanoma Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6206-6213. [PMID: 29696968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) plays a vital role in melanin biosynthesis and is widely regarded as a relatively specific marker for melanocytic lesions which involve vitiligo, malignant cutaneous melanoma, Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. However, the detection of TYR in living cells with fluorescent probes is usually interfered by diverse endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Herein, we synthesized a melanosome-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (HB-NP) with a large Stokes shift (195 nm), achieving a highly sensitive and selective in situ detection for intracellular TYR, by incorporating a m-hydroxybenzyl moiety that recognizes TYR specifically and the morpholine unit which facilitates the probe accumulating in the melanosome into a salicyladazine skeleton. When treated with TYR, the probe itself with weak fluorescence is lit up via an inhibited photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) effect and HB-NP shows a strong fluorescence signal (nearly 48-fold enhancement) with a low detection limit of 0.5 U mL-1. HB-NP has been successfully applied in visualizing and in situ quantification of the intracellular TYR activity. Moreover, owing to the different expression levels of TYR, two human uveal melanoma cells with different invasive behaviors are distinguished by means of bioimaging and the effects of the inhibitor, kojic acid, and the up-regulating treatment, psoralen/ultraviolet A, on TYR activity of the two melanoma cells are evaluated. HB-NP is expected to be a useful tool to monitor diseases associated with the abnormal level of melanin and screen medicines for TYR disorder more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manshu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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14
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Ferro S, Deri B, Germanò MP, Gitto R, Ielo L, Buemi MR, Certo G, Vittorio S, Rapisarda A, Pazy Y, Fishman A, De Luca L. Targeting Tyrosinase: Development and Structural Insights of Novel Inhibitors Bearing Arylpiperidine and Arylpiperazine Fragments. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3908-3917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Batel Deri
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Ielo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Buemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Certo
- Fondazione Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
- Fondazione Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Yael Pazy
- Technion Center for Structural Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
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15
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Solano F. On the Metal Cofactor in the Tyrosinase Family. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020633. [PMID: 29473882 PMCID: PMC5855855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of pigment in mammalian melanocytes requires the contribution of at least three melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase and two other accessory enzymes called the tyrosinase-related proteins (Trp1 and Trp2), which regulate the type and amount of melanin. The last two proteins are paralogues to tyrosinase, and they appeared late in evolution by triplication of the tyrosinase gene. Tyrosinase is a copper-enzyme, and Trp2 is a zinc-enzyme. Trp1 has been more elusive, and the direct identification of its metal cofactor has never been achieved. However, due to its enzymatic activity and similarities with tyrosinase, it has been assumed as a copper-enzyme. Recently, recombinant human tyrosinase and Trp1 have been expressed in enough amounts to achieve for the first time their crystallization. Unexpectedly, it has been found that Trp1 contains a couple of Zn(II) at the active site. This review discusses data about the metal cofactor of tyrosinase and Trps. It points out differences in the studied models, and it proposes some possible points accounting for the apparent discrepancies currently appearing. Moreover, some proposals about the possible flexibility of the tyrosinase family to uptake copper or zinc are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Solano
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine and LAIB-IMIB, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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16
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Lai X, Wichers HJ, Soler-Lopez M, Dijkstra BW. Structure and Function of Human Tyrosinase and Tyrosinase-Related Proteins. Chemistry 2017; 24:47-55. [PMID: 29052256 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is the main pigment responsible for the color of human skin, hair and eye. Its biosynthesis requires three melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase (TYR), and the tyrosinase-related proteins TYRP1 and TYRP2. The difficulty of isolating pure and homogeneous proteins from endogenous sources has hampered their study, and resulted in many contradictory findings regarding their physiological functions. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the structure and function of TYR and TYRPs by virtue of the crystal structure of human TYRP1, which is the first available structure of a mammalian melanogenic enzyme. This structure, combined with tyrosinase structures from other lower eukaryotes and mutagenesis studies of key active site residues, sheds light on the mechanism of TYR and TYRPs. Furthermore, a TYRP1-based homology model of TYR provides a high-quality platform to map and analyze albinism-related mutations, as well as the design of specific antimelanogenic compounds. Finally, we provide perspectives for future structure/function studies of TYR and TYRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Lai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Harry J Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bauke W Dijkstra
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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