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Fan Y, Huang X, Ji J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Hou X. Building Functional Liquid-Based Interfaces: From Mechanism to Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403919. [PMID: 38794786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Functional liquid-based interfaces, with their inhomogeneous regions that emphasize the functionalized liquids, have attracted much interest as a versatile platform for a broad spectrum of applications, from chemical manufacturing to practical uses. These interfaces leverage the physicochemical characteristics of liquids, alongside dynamic behaviors induced by macroscopic wettability and microscopic molecular exchange balance, to allow for tailored properties within their functional structures. In this Minireview, we provide a foundational overview of these functional interfaces, based on the structural investigations and molecular mechanisms of interaction forces that directly modulate functionalities. Then, we discuss design strategies that have been employed in recent applications, and the crucial aspects that require focus. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in functional liquid-based interfaces and provide a perspective on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinlu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiaao Ji
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Martínez D, Schlossarek T, Würthner F, Soberats B. Isothermal Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals Driven by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403910. [PMID: 38635375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of calamitic liquid crystals is exploited to perform isothermal phase transitions driven by dynamic covalent chemistry. For this purpose, nematic (N) arrays based on aldehyde 1 were treated with different amines (A-E) in an on-surface process, which resulted in different isothermal phase transitions. These phase transformations were caused by in situ imination reactions and are dependent on the nature of the added amine. Transitions from the N to crystal (1A, 1E), isotropic (1B), and smectic (Sm) (1C, 1D) phases were achieved, while the resulting materials feature thermotropic liquid crystal behavior. A sequential transformation from the N 1 to the Sm 1C and then to the N 1B was achieved by coupling an imination to a transimination processes and adjusting the temperature. All of these processes were well characterized by microscopic, spectroscopic, and X-ray techniques, unlocking not only the constitutional but also the structural aspects of the phase transitions. This work provides new insights into designing constitutionally and structurally adaptable liquid crystal systems, paving the way toward the conception of programable evolutive pathways and adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Tim Schlossarek
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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3
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De R, Maity M, Joseph A, Gupta SP, Nailwal Y, Namboothiry MAG, Pal SK. High Electrical Conductivity and Hole Transport in an Insightfully Engineered Columnar Liquid Crystal for Solution-Processable Nanoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308983. [PMID: 38332439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are widely acknowledged as a class of organic semiconductors that can harmonize charge carrier mobility and device processability through supramolecular self-assembly. In spite of circumventing such a major challenge in fabricating low-cost charge transport layers, DLC-based hole transport layers (HTLs) have remained elusive in modern organo-electronics. In this work, a minimalistic design strategy is envisioned to effectuate a cyanovinylene-integrated pyrene-based discotic liquid crystal (PY-DLC) with a room-temperature columnar hexagonal mesophase and narrow bandgap for efficient semiconducting behavior. Adequately combined photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies investigate the structure-property relations, logically correlating them with efficient hole transport. With a low reorganization energy of 0.2 eV, PY-DLC exhibits superior charge extraction ability from the contact electrodes at low values of applied voltage, achieving an electrical conductivity of 3.22 × 10-4 S m-1, the highest reported value for any pristine DLC film in a vertical charge transport device. The columnar self-assembly, in conjunction with solution-processable self-healed films, results in commendably elevated values of hole mobility (≈10-3 cm2 V-1s-1). This study provides an unprecedented constructive outlook toward the development of DLC semiconductors as practical HTLs in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Madhusudan Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Alvin Joseph
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | | | - Yogendra Nailwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Manoj A G Namboothiry
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
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4
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Liu C, Yoshio M. Ionic Liquid Crystal-Polymer Composite Electromechanical Actuators: Design of Two-Dimensional Molecular Assemblies for Efficient Ion Transport and Effect of Electrodes on Actuator Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27750-27760. [PMID: 38761145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
We present the development of free-standing ionic liquid crystal-polymer composite electrolyte films aimed at achieving high-frequency response electromechanical actuators. Our approach entails designing novel layered ionic liquid-crystalline (LC) assemblies by complexing a mesomorphic dimethylphosphate with either a lithium salt or a room-temperature ionic liquid through the formation of ion-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonds. These electrolytes, exhibiting room-temperature ionic conductivities on the order of 10-4 S cm-1 and wide LC temperature ranges up to 77 °C, were successfully integrated into porous polymer networks. We systematically investigated the impact of ions and electrodes on the performance of ionic electroactive actuators. Specifically, the Li+-based liquid crystal-polymer composite actuator with PEDOT:PSS electrodes demonstrated the highest bending deformation, achieving a strain of 0.68% and exhibiting a broad frequency response up to 110 Hz, with a peak-to-peak displacement of 3 μm. In contrast, the ionic-liquid-based liquid crystal-polymer composite actuator with active carbon electrodes showcased a bending response at a maximum frequency of 50 Hz and a force generation of 0.48 mN, without exhibiting the back relaxation phenomenon. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing high-performance electromechanical systems with applications ranging from soft robotics to haptic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Liu
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshio
- Research Center for Macromolecules & Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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5
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Zeng CY, Deng WJ, Zhao KQ, Redshaw C, Donnio B. Phenanthrothiophene-Triazine Star-Shaped Discotic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescence Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400296. [PMID: 38427538 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipophilic biphenylthiophene- and phenanthrothiophene-triazine compounds, BPTTn and CPTTn, respectively, were prepared by a tandem procedure involving successive Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation reactions. These compounds display photoluminescence in solution and in thin film state, solvatochromism with increasing solvent's polarity, as well as acidochromism and metal ion recognition stimuli-responsive fluorescence. Protonation of BPTT10 and CPTT10 by trifluoroacetic acid results in fluorescence quenching, which is reversibly restored once treated with triethylamine (ON-OFF switch). DFT computational studies show that intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) phenomena occurs for both molecules, and reveal that protonation enhances the electron-withdrawing ability of the triazine core and reduces the band gap. This acidochromic behavior was applied to a prototype fluorescent anti-counterfeiting device. They also specifically recognize Fe3+ through coordination, and the recognition mechanism is closely related to the photoinduced electron transfer between Fe3+ and BPTT10/CPTT10. CPTTn self-assemble into columnar rectangular (Colrec) mesophase, which can be modulated by oleic acid via the formation of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular liquid crystal hexagonal Colhex mesophase. Finally, CPTTn also form organic gels in alkanes at low critical gel concentration (3.0 mg/mL). Therefore, these star-shaped triazine molecules possess many interesting features and thus hold great promises for information processing, liquid crystal semiconductors and organogelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, School of Natural Sciences, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 67034, Strasbourg, France
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Komiyama N, Ohkubo T, Maeda Y, Saeki Y, Ichikuni N, Masu H, Kanoh H, Ohara K, Takahashi R, Wadati H, Takagi H, Miwa Y, Kutsumizu S, Kishikawa K, Kohri M. Magnetic Supramolecular Spherical Arrays: Direct Formation of Micellar Cubic Mesophase by Lanthanide Metallomesogens with 7-Coordination Geometry. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309226. [PMID: 38477513 PMCID: PMC11132039 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, an unprecedented phenomenon in which 7-coordinate lanthanide metallomesogens, which align via hydrogen bonds mediated by coordinated H2O molecules, form micellar cubic mesophases at room temperature, creating body-centered cubic (BCC)-type supramolecular spherical arrays, is reported. The results of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that spherical assemblies of three complexes surrounded by an amorphous alkyl domain spontaneously align in an energetically stable orientation to form the BCC structure. This phenomenon differs greatly from the conventional self-assembling behavior of 6-coordinated metallomesogens, which form columnar assemblies due to strong intermolecular interactions. Since the magnetic and luminescent properties of different lanthanides vary, adding arbitrary functions to spherical arrays is possible by selecting suitable lanthanides to be used. The method developed in this study using 7-coordinate lanthanide metallomesogens as building blocks is expected to lead to the rational development of micellar cubic mesophases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Yuya Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ichikuni
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
- Center for Analytical InstrumentationChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kanoh
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- Faculty of Materials for EnergyShimane University1060, Nishi‐Kawatsu‐choMatsueShimane690‐8504Japan
- Diffraction and Scattering DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute1‐1‐1, Kouto, Sayo‐choSayo‐gunHyogo679‐5198Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Takahashi
- Department of Material ScienceGraduate School of ScienceUniversity of Hyogo3‐2‐1 Kouto, Kamigori‐choAko‐gunHyogo678‐1297Japan
| | - Hiroki Wadati
- Department of Material ScienceGraduate School of ScienceUniversity of Hyogo3‐2‐1 Kouto, Kamigori‐choAko‐gunHyogo678‐1297Japan
- Institute of Laser EngineeringOsaka University2–6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization1‐1 OhoTsukubaIbaraki305‐0801Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceFaculty of EngineeringGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1193Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceFaculty of EngineeringGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu501‐1193Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
| | - Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringChiba University1–33 Yayoi‐cho, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8522Japan
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7
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Knöller JA, Sönmez B, Matulaitis T, Gupta AK, Zysman-Colman E, Laschat S. A novel B,O,N-doped mesogen with narrowband MR-TADF emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4459-4462. [PMID: 38563754 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Modification of an unsymmetric B,O,N-doped aromatic core with peripheral mesogenic units triggers self-assembly into a columnar hexagonal mesophase, which is stable between 22 and 144 °C. The columnar assembly is preserved in a glassy state below 22 °C. The B,O,N-doped mesogen displays narrowband sky-blue multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) under diluted conditions and bright excimer emission in condensed phase. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach provides insight into the development of strongly aggregating liquid crystalline MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius A Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Burcu Sönmez
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Jang J, Koo J, Oh M, Wi Y, Yu D, Hyeong J, Jang E, Ko H, Rim M, Jeong KU. Self-Assembled and Polymerized Hierarchical Nanostructure Films of Cyanostilbene-Based Reactive AIEgens for Smart Chemosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307885. [PMID: 38161253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For the development of acid-responsive advanced fluorescent films with a 2D nanostructure, a pyridyl cyanostilbene-based AIEgen (PCRM) is newly synthesized. The synthesized PCRM exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and responds reversibly to acid and base stimuli. To fabricate the nanoporous polymer-stabilized film, PCRM and 4-(octyloxy)benzoic acid (8OB) are complexed in a 1:1 ratio through hydrogen bonding. The PCRM-8OB complex with a smectic mesophase is uniaxially oriented at first and photopolymerized with a crosslinker. By subsequently removing 8OB in an alkaline solution, nanopores are generated in the self-assembled and polymerized hierarchical 2D nanostructure film. The prepared nanoporous fluorescent films exhibit not only the reversible response to acid and base stimuli but also mechanical and chemical robustness. Since the nanoporous fluorescent films have different sensitivities to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) depending on the molecular orientation in the film, advanced acid vapor sensors that can display the risk level according to the concentration of TFA are demonstrated. Reactive AIEgens-based hierarchical nanostructure films with nanopores fabricated by a subsequent process of self-assembly, polymerization, and etching can open a new door for the development of advanced chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwa Jang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jahyeon Koo
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintaek Oh
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Wi
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Yu
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Hyeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Ko
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Rim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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Nguyen DD, Labella J, Laforga-Martín J, Folcia CL, Ortega J, Torres T, Sierra T, Sessler JL. Columnar liquid crystals based on antiaromatic expanded porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3401-3404. [PMID: 38440812 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05414d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Three naphthorosarins, antiaromatic expanded porphyrins bearing different meso substituents (NRos 1-3), designed to self-assemble into columnar liquid crystalline (LC) structures, were synthesized and characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as supporting computational calculations. The substituents were found to play a crucial role in modulating the LC behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Juan Laforga-Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - César L Folcia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josu Ortega
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th Street, A5300, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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10
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Li B, Wu W, Lin JM, Wang T, Hu Q, Yu L. Water in liquid crystal emulsion-based sensing platform for colorimetric detection of organophosphorus pesticide. Food Chem 2024; 436:137732. [PMID: 37857198 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of a simple and convenient method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) is particular important for the safety of environmental water and agriculture products. In this work, the water/liquid crystal (W/LC) emulsion is obtained via dispersing an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) into a water-immiscible nematic LC and employed as a sensing platform for the detection of dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, DDVP) that is a typical OP with acute toxicity. Remarkably, the stepwise release of the encapsulated cargo HRP from the W/LC emulsion can be triggered upon the addition of the cationic surfactant myristoylcholine chloride (Myr) due to the strong interfacial charge interactions with the anionic surfactant SDS. The released HRP induces an obvious color change of the overlaying bulk aqueous solution via the H2O2-HRP-TMB reaction system. As Myr can be enzymatically cleaved by AChE, the detection of AChE is fulfilled successfully. This approach is also employed to detect DDVP that can irreversibly inhibit the activity of AChE. This assay shows a linear response between the absorbance of the oxidized TMB solution and the DDVP concentration in the range of 0.001-10 μg/mL (R2 = 0.99). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantity (LOQ) of DDVP are determined to be 1.9 ng/mL and 6.3 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, this strategy also demonstrates excellent performance for the DDVP detection in real samples, the detection recovery rate of DDVP in water samples (lake water and tap water) and vegetables (tomatoes and cole) by this method is 88.0 % ∼112.6 %, the relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 7.5 %. These results suggest the W/LC emulsion-based sensing platform shows great potential for visual detection of DDVP in real samples. In conclusion, the proposed approach is scalable for practical application in food safety as well as environmental monitoring fields, and will provide promising solutions for the assay of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China.
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11
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Zhao HY, Liu GL, Xu Q, Pei YR, Jin LY. Chirality-induced supramolecular nanodishes: enantioselectivity and energy transfer. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1884-1891. [PMID: 38321960 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is one of the most important issues of fabricating materials with precise chiral nanostructures. Herein, we constructed a chiral assembly system from amphiphiles containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic chiral coils bonded to hexabiphenyl, exhibiting controllable enantioselectivity over various aggregation behaviors. The chiral coils aroused various steric hindrances affecting intrinsic stacking tendency and compactness, leading to different aggregating behaviors, as concluded from the self-assembly investigation. The strong π-π stacking interaction between the long hexabiphenyl groups gave rise to a relatively compact arrangement in the aqueous solution, whereas the methyl side groups on the coil segments raised steric hindrance at the rigid-flexible interface, resulting in loose stacking and formation of nanostructures with a larger curvature. Compared with the achiral molecule 1 that formed micron-sized large sheets, molecules 2-4 containing chiral coils aggregated into nanodishes, which looked exactly like mosquito-repellent incense, to overcome surface tension. The helical structures effectively amplified chirality and exhibited strong circular dichroism (CD) signals, which indicate enantioselectivity. In addition, the relatively loose packing behavior permitted their co-assembly with a dye and aided efficient energy transfer, providing a foundation for the chiral application of supramolecules. Thus, by introducing a simple methyl side group in amphiphilic molecules, asymmetric synthesis and energy transfer efficiency can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui-Lang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ariga K. 2D Materials Nanoarchitectonics for 3D Structures/Functions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:936. [PMID: 38399187 PMCID: PMC10890396 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It has become clear that superior material functions are derived from precisely controlled nanostructures. This has been greatly accelerated by the development of nanotechnology. The next step is to assemble materials with knowledge of their nano-level structures. This task is assigned to the post-nanotechnology concept of nanoarchitectonics. However, nanoarchitectonics, which creates intricate three-dimensional functional structures, is not always easy. Two-dimensional nanoarchitectonics based on reactions and arrangements at the surface may be an easier target to tackle. A better methodology would be to define a two-dimensional structure and then develop it into a three-dimensional structure and function. According to these backgrounds, this review paper is organized as follows. The introduction is followed by a summary of the three issues; (i) 2D to 3D dynamic structure control: liquid crystal commanded by the surface, (ii) 2D to 3D rational construction: a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a covalent organic framework (COF); (iii) 2D to 3D functional amplification: cells regulated by the surface. In addition, this review summarizes the important aspects of the ultimate three-dimensional nanoarchitectonics as a perspective. The goal of this paper is to establish an integrated concept of functional material creation by reconsidering various reported cases from the viewpoint of nanoarchitectonics, where nanoarchitectonics can be regarded as a method for everything in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Piven A, Darmoroz D, Skorb E, Orlova T. Machine learning methods for liquid crystal research: phases, textures, defects and physical properties. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1380-1391. [PMID: 38288719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal materials, with their unique properties and diverse applications, have long captured the attention of researchers and industries alike. From liquid crystal displays and electro-optical devices to advanced sensors and emerging technologies, the study and application of liquid crystals continue to be of paramount importance in the fields of materials science, chemistry and physics. With the ever-increasing complexity and diversity of liquid crystal materials, researchers face new challenges in understanding their behaviors, properties, and potential applications. On the other hand, machine learning, a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary field at the intersection of computer science and data analysis, has already become a powerful tool for unraveling implicit correlations and predicting new properties of a wide variety of physical and chemical systems and structures. Here we aim to consider how machine learning methods are suitable for solving fundamental problems in the field of liquid crystals and what are the advantages of this artificial intelligence based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Piven
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Darina Darmoroz
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tetiana Orlova
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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14
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Neu YC, Lin YS, Weng YH, Chen WC, Liu CL, Lin BH, Lin YC, Chen WC. Reversible Molecular Conformation Transitions of Smectic Liquid Crystals for Light/Bias-Gated Transistor Memory. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7500-7511. [PMID: 38300744 PMCID: PMC10875644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic photonic field-effect transistors have made remarkable progress with the rapid development of conjugated polycrystalline materials. Liquid crystals, with their smooth surface, defined layer thickness, and crystalline structures, are commonly used for these advantages. In this work, a series of smectic liquid crystalline molecules, 2,9-didecyl-dinaphtho-thienothiophene (C10-DNTT), 2,7-didecyl-benzothieno-benzothiopene (C10-BTBT), 3,9-didecyl-dinaphtho-thiophene (C10-DNT), and didecyl-sexithiophene (C10-6T), have been used in photonic transistor memory, functioning as both hole-transport channels and electron traps to investigate systematically the reasons and mechanisms behind the memory behavior of smectic liquid crystals. After thermal annealing, C10-BTBT and C10-6T/C10-DNTT are homeotropically aligned from the smectic A and smectic X phases, respectively. The 3D-ordered structure of these smectic-aligned crystals contributed to efficient photowriting and electrical erasing processes. Among them, the device performance of C10-BTBT was particularly significant, with a memory window of 21 V. The memory ratio could reach 1.5 × 106 and maintain a memory ratio of over 3 orders after 10,000 s, contributing to its smectic A structure. Through the research, we confirmed the memory and light/bias-gated behaviors of these smectic liquid crystalline molecules, attributing them to reversible molecular conformation transitions and the inherent structural inhomogeneity inside the polycrystalline channel layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Neu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sa Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Weng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Cao Y, Scholte A, Prehm M, Anders C, Chen C, Song J, Zhang L, He G, Tschierske C, Liu F. Understanding the Role of Trapezoids in Honeycomb Self-Assembly-Pathways between a Columnar Liquid Quasicrystal and its Liquid-Crystalline Approximants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314454. [PMID: 38009676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Quasiperiodic patterns and crystals-having long range order without translational symmetry-have fascinated researchers since their discovery. In this study, we report on new p-terphenyl-based T-shaped facial polyphiles with two alkyl end chains and a glycerol-based hydrogen-bonded side group that self-assemble into an aperiodic columnar liquid quasicrystal with 12-fold symmetry and its periodic liquid-crystalline approximants with complex superstructures. All represent honeycombs formed by the self-assembly of the p-terphenyls, dividing space into prismatic cells with polygonal cross-sections. In the perspective of tiling patterns, the presence of unique trapezoidal tiles, consisting of three rigid sides formed by the p-terphenyls and one shorter, incommensurate, and adjustable side by the alkyl end chains, plays a crucial role for these phases. A delicate temperature-dependent balance between conformational, entropic and space-filling effects determines the role of the alkyl chains, either as network nodes or trapezoid walls, thus resulting in the order-disorder transitions associated with emergence of quasiperiodicity. In-depth analysis suggests a change from a quasiperiodic tiling involving trapezoids to a modified one with a contribution of trapezoid pair fusion. This work paves the way for understanding quasiperiodicity emergence and develops fundamental concepts for its generation by chemical design of non-spherical molecules, aggregates, and frameworks based on dynamic reticular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Scholte
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Marko Prehm
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Anders
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Changlong Chen
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangxuan Song
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute for Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt Mothes Str. 2, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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16
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Kato T, Uchida J, Ishii Y, Watanabe G. Aquatic Functional Liquid Crystals: Design, Functionalization, and Molecular Simulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306529. [PMID: 38126650 PMCID: PMC10885670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic functional liquid crystals, which are ordered molecular assemblies that work in water environment, are described in this review. Aquatic functional liquid crystals are liquid-crystalline (LC) materials interacting water molecules or aquatic environment. They include aquatic lyotropic liquid crystals and LC based materials that have aquatic interfaces, for example, nanoporous water treatment membranes that are solids preserving LC order. They can remove ions and viruses with nano- and subnano-porous structures. Columnar, smectic, bicontinuous LC structures are used for fabrication of these 1D, 2D, 3D materials. Design and functionalization of aquatic LC sensors based on aqueous/LC interfaces are also described. The ordering transitions of liquid crystals induced by molecular recognition at the aqueous interfaces provide distinct optical responses. Molecular orientation and dynamic behavior of these aquatic functional LC materials are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular interactions of LC materials and water are key of these investigations. New insights into aquatic functional LC materials contribute to the fields of environment, healthcare, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina, 243-0435, Japan
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17
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Zhang KL, Yu WH, Zhao KQ, Hu P, Wang BQ, Donnio B. Mesomorphism Modulation of Perfluorinated Janus Triphenylenes by Inhomogeneous Chain Substitution Patterns. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301080. [PMID: 38214422 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of compounds with "inverted" chains' substitution patterns, 7,10-dialkoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-6,11-dimethoxytriphenylene and 6,11-dialkoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-7,10-dimethoxytriphenylene, labelled respectively p-TPFn and m-TPFn, and two non-fluorinated homologous isomers, 3,6-dibutoxy-2,7-dimethoxytriphenylene and 2,7-dibutoxy-3,6-dimethoxytriphenylene, p-TP4 and m-TP4, respectively, were synthesized in three steps and obtained in good yields by the efficient transition-metal-free, fluoroarene nucleophilic substitution via the reaction of appropriate 2,2'-dilithium biphenylenes with either perfluorobenzene, C6 F6 , to yield p-TPFn and m-TPFn, or o-difluorobenzene, C6 H4 F2 , for p-TP4 and m-TP4, respectively. The single-crystal structures of p-TPF4, m-TPF4 and p-TP4, unequivocally confirmed that the cyclization reactions occurred at the expected positions, and that the fluorinated molecules stack up into columns with short separation, a propitious situation for the emergence of columnar mesophases. The mesomorphous properties were found to be greatly affected by both chains' length and positional isomerism: a Colhex phase is found for p-TPF4 and m-TPF4, but mesomorphism vanishes in p-TPF6, and changes for the isomeric homologs m-TPFn, with the induction for n≥6 of a lamello-columnar phase, LamColrec . As expected, both non-fluorinated compounds are deprived of mesomorphism. These compounds emit blue-violet colour in solution, independently of the chains' substitution pattern, and the absolute fluorescence quantum yields can reach up to 46 %. In thin films, fluorescence is slightly redshifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), F-67034, cedex 2 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Wang C, Seo E, Park J. Surface-dominant micro/nanofluidics for efficient green energy conversion. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:011503. [PMID: 38370510 PMCID: PMC10869172 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Green energy conversion in aqueous systems has attracted considerable interest owing to the sustainable clean energy demand resulting from population and economic growth and urbanization, as well as the significant potential energy from water resources and other regenerative sources coupled with fluids. In particular, molecular motion based on intrinsic micro/nanofluidic phenomena at the liquid-solid interface (LSI) is crucial for efficient and sustainable green energy conversion. The electrical double layer is the main factor affecting transport, interaction between molecules and surfaces, non-uniform ion distribution, synthesis, stimulated reactions, and motion by external renewable resources in both closed nanoconfinement and open surfaces. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress in physical and chemical reaction-based green energy conversion in LSI, including nanoscale fabrication, key mechanisms, applications, and limitations for practical implementation. The prospects for resolving critical challenges in this field and inspiring other promising research areas in the infancy stage (studying chemical and biological dynamics at the single-molecule level and nanofluidic neuromorphic computing) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Eunseok Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyul Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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19
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Veeraprakash B, Kesava Reddy M, Das BB, Lobo NP, Ramanathan KV, Narasimhaswamy T. Effortless Extraction of Structural and Orientational Information from 13C- 1H Dipolar Couplings for Thiophene Mesogens. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10912-10922. [PMID: 38063349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Five molecular mesogens containing phenyl rings and thiophene are subjected to a detailed 13C NMR investigation. The first mesogen contains only phenyl rings, while the other four have thiophene with substitution at position 2 or 3. Two of these also have a spacer inserted between the thiophene and the rest of the core unit. The mesophase properties evaluated by complementary techniques reveal an enantiotropic nematic phase for all the cases and smectic C as well as Crystal J for a few mesogens. In addition to solution 13C NMR, the samples were studied using 1D and 2D solid-state 13C NMR experiments in the liquid crystalline phase. The chemical shifts and 13C-1H dipolar couplings obtained in the mesophase provided cutting-edge information about the molecular structure and orientation of the thiophene mesogens. Accordingly, dramatic differences in these parameters are noted for the mesogens, and consequently, the identification of 2- and 3-substituted thiophene mesogens is accomplished by a simple visual examination of the 2D spectra. Furthermore, for mesogens with a spacer between thiophene and the rest of the core, 13C chemical shifts and 13C-1H dipolar couplings showed remarkable variation, which was directly reflected in the order parameters. For instance, the order parameter (Szz) of thiophene in 2- and 3-substituted mesogens in which the spacer is absent is ∼0.63 whereas for those with spacer, it is reduced to ∼0.14-0.18. In comparison, the mesogen in which the core unit is made up of phenyl rings alone that is used to benchmark the characteristics of thiophene ordering showed an order parameter of ∼0.85. The study unambiguously demonstrates the supremacy of 13C NMR in extracting the structural and orientational information on mesogens in which thiophene is a constituent of the core unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathini Veeraprakash
- Polymer Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | | | - Bibhuti B Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitin P Lobo
- Centre for Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Tanneru Narasimhaswamy
- Polymer Science and Technology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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20
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li H, Liu C, Li L, Quan Y, Cheng Y. Achiral Dichroic Dyes-mediated Circularly Polarized Emission Regulated by Orientational Order Parameter through Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312159. [PMID: 37776155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
It is noteworthy that cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) platforms have been witnessed in high-performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) behaviors through the highly organized chiral co-assembled arrangement of achiral dyes. However, most CPL-active design strategies are closely relative to the helix co-assembly structure of CLC rather than achiral dyes. Herein, we developed an intriguing regulation strategy for CPL-active CLC materials. They were regulated using the orientational order parameter (SF ) of achiral dichroic dyes as an incisive probe for the order arrangement degree of achiral dyes in CLC media. The I-shaped phenothiazine derivative PHECN dye (SF =0.30) emitted a strong CPL signal (|glum |=0.47). In contrast, the T-shaped derivative (PHEBen) dye (SF =0.09) showed a weak circular polarization level (|glum |=0.07) at similar CLC textures. Most interestingly, this kind of dichroic PHECN dye with a higher SF could greatly improve the contrast ratio of CPL (Δglum =0.47) and emission intensity (ΔFL=46.0 %) at direct-current electric field compared with the T-shaped PHEBen (Δglum =0.07 and ΔFL=1.0 %) in CLC. This work demonstrates that an induced CPL emission can be mediated using achiral dichroic dye, which will open a new avenue for developing excellent CPL-active display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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21
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Hirose T, Kikuchi Y, Nakano T, Ohno T, Kawamura K, Nazri NB, Fujimori A, Kodama K, Yasutake M. Thermoreversible helical fibers from photoreactive triphenylene-derived liquid crystals in liquid paraffin. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22037. [PMID: 38053870 PMCID: PMC10694167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystalline triphenylene derivatives, TPC1p-n (n = 6, 12, 14, 16) were prepared using p-alkoxycinnamate as the [2+2] photo-cyclization site. TPC1p-n (n = 12, 14, 16) showed Colr phase and gave crescent-shaped or helical fibers after UV-irradiated in liquid paraffin solutions at 90 and 110 °C in the Colr temperature range. The apparent photoreaction products were shown to be thermally reversible, i.e. they dissolved in liquid paraffin at high temperatures and reappeared on cooling, indicating that they were aggregates of oligomerized TPC1p-n. The reaction mechanism was discussed in terms of the structure of the liquid crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hirose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuka Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Normazliana Binti Nazri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Fujimori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Koichi Kodama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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22
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Otsuka C, Takahashi S, Isobe A, Saito T, Aizawa T, Tsuchida R, Yamashita S, Harano K, Hanayama H, Shimizu N, Takagi H, Haruki R, Liu L, Hollamby MJ, Ohkubo T, Yagai S. Supramolecular Polymer Polymorphism: Spontaneous Helix-Helicoid Transition through Dislocation of Hydrogen-Bonded π-Rosettes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22563-22576. [PMID: 37796243 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism, a phenomenon whereby disparate self-assembled products can be formed from identical molecules, has incited interest in the field of supramolecular polymers. Conventionally, the monomers that constitute supramolecular polymers are engineered to facilitate one-dimensional aggregation and, consequently, their polymorphism surfaces primarily when the states of assembly differ significantly. This engenders polymorphs of divergent dimensionalities such as one- and two-dimensional aggregates. Notwithstanding, realizing supramolecular polymer polymorphism, wherein polymorphs maintain one-dimensional aggregation, persists as a daunting challenge. In this work, we expound upon the manifestation of two supramolecular polymer polymorphs formed from a large discotic supramolecular monomer (rosette), which consists of six hydrogen-bonded molecules with an extended π-conjugated core. These polymorphs are generated in mixtures of chloroform and methylcyclohexane, attributable to distinctly different disc stacking arrangements. The face-to-face (minimal displacement) and offset (large displacement) stacking arrangements can be predicated on their distinctive photophysical properties. The face-to-face stacking results in a twisted helix structure. Conversely, the offset stacking induces inherent curvature in the supramolecular fiber, thereby culminating in a hollow helical coil (helicoid). While both polymorphs exhibit bistability in nonpolar solvent compositions, the face-to-face stacking attains stability purely in a kinetic sense within a polar solvent composition and undergoes conversion into offset stacking through a dislocation of stacked rosettes. This occurs without the dissociation and nucleation of monomers, leading to unprecedented helicoidal folding of supramolecular polymers. Our findings augment our understanding of supramolecular polymer polymorphism, but they also highlight a distinctive method for achieving helicoidal folding in supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Otsuka
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Isobe
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takuho Saito
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tsuchida
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shimizu
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Luzhi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Martin J Hollamby
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST55BG, U.K
| | - Takahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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23
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Concellón A. Liquid Crystal Emulsions: A Versatile Platform for Photonics, Sensing, and Active Matter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202308857. [PMID: 37694542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of liquid crystals (LCs) is a fascinating method for controlling the organization of discrete molecules into nanostructured functional materials. Although LCs are traditionally processed in thin films, their confinement within micrometre-sized droplets has recently revealed new properties and functions, paving the way for next-generation soft responsive materials. These recent findings have unlocked a wealth of unprecedented applications in photonics (e.g. reflectors, lasing materials), sensing (e.g. biomolecule and pathogen detection), soft robotics (e.g. micropumps, artificial muscles), and beyond. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in LC emulsion designs and highlights a variety of novel potential applications. Perspectives on the opportunities and new directions for implementing LC emulsions in future innovative technologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Zhang Z, Yang X, Zhao Y, Ye F, Shang L. Liquid Crystal Materials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300220. [PMID: 37235719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal is a state of matter being intermediate between solid and liquid. Liquid crystal materials exhibit both orientational order and fluidity. While liquid crystals have long been highly recognized in the display industry, in recent decades, liquid crystals provide new opportunities into the cross-field of material science and biomedicine due to their biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and responsiveness. In this review, the latest achievements of liquid crystal materials applied in biomedical fields are summarized. The start is made by introducing the basic concepts of liquid crystals, and then shifting to the components of liquid crystals as well as functional materials derived therefrom. After that, the ongoing and foreseeable applications of liquid crystal materials in the biomedical field with emphasis put on several cutting-edge aspects, including drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, implantable devices, biosensing, and wearable devices are discussed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate ingenious ideas for the future generation of liquid crystal-based drug development, artificial implants, disease diagnosis, health status monitoring, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohao Zhang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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25
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Hoshino T, Nakayama M, Hosokawa Y, Mochizuki K, Kajiyama S, Kohmura Y, Kato T. Experimental probing of dynamic self-organized columnar assemblies in colloidal liquid crystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3646-3654. [PMID: 37441264 PMCID: PMC10334381 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized supramolecular assemblies are widespread in nature and technology in the form of liquid crystals, colloids, and gels. The reversible nature of non-covalent bonding leads to dynamic functions such as stimuli-responsive switching and self-healing, which are unachievable from an isolated molecule. However, multiple intermolecular interactions generate diverse conformational and configurational molecular motions over various time scales in their self-assembled states, and their specific dynamics remains unclear. In the present study, we have experimentally unveiled the static structures and dynamical behaviors in columnar colloidal liquid crystals by a coherent X-ray scattering technique using refined model samples. We have found that controlling the size distribution of the colloidal nanoplates dramatically changed their static and dynamic properties. Furthermore, the resulting dynamical behaviors obtained by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy have been successfully decomposed into multiple distinct modes, allowing us to explore the dynamical origin in the colloidal liquid-crystalline state. The present approaches using a columnar liquid crystal may contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic nature of molecular assemblies and dense colloidal systems and bring valuable insights into rational design of functional properties of self-assembled materials such as stimuli-responsive liquid crystals, self-healing gels, and colloidal crystals. For these materials, the motion of constituent particles and molecules in the self-assembled state is a key factor for structural formation and dynamically responsive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hoshino
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Masanari Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hosokawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kohei Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kohmura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University 4-17-1, Wakasato Nagano Japan
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26
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Alamro FS, Ahmed HA, El-Atawy MA, Khushaim MS, Bedowr NS, Al-Faze R, Al-Kadhi NS. Physical and Thermal Characterizations of Newly Synthesized Liquid Crystals Based on Benzotrifluoride Moiety. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4304. [PMID: 37374488 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The mesomorphic stability and optical activity of new group-based benzotrifluoride liquid crystals, (E)-4-(((4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) imino) methyl) phenyl 4-(alkyloxy)benzoate, or In, were investigated. The end of the molecules connected to the benzotrifluoride moiety and the end of the phenylazo benzoate moiety have terminal alkoxy groups which can range in chain length from 6 to 12 carbons. The synthesized compounds' molecular structures were verified using FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Mesomorphic characteristics were verified using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a polarized optical microscope (POM). All of the homologous series that have been developed display great thermal stability across a broad temperature range. Density functional theory (DFT) determined the examined compounds' geometrical and thermal properties. The findings showed that every compound is entirely planar. Additionally, by using the DFT approach, it was possible to link the experimentally found values of the investigated compounds' investigated compounds' mesophase thermal stability, mesophase temperature ranges, and mesophase type to the predicted quantum chemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzia S Alamro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Ibrahemia, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muna S Khushaim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research Labs, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madina 41447, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha S Bedowr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Al-Faze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada S Al-Kadhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Abstract
With the advent of a new era of smart-technology, the demand for more economic optoelectronic materials that do not compromise with efficiency is gradually on the rise. Organic semiconductors provide greener alternatives to the conventional inorganic ones, but encounter the challenge of balancing charge carrier mobility with processability in devices. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), a class of self-assembling soft organic materials, possess the perfect degree of order and dynamics to address this challenge. Providing unidimensional charge carrier pathways through their nanoscale columnar architecture, DLCs can behave as efficient charge transport systems across a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, DLCs are solution-processable, thus reducing the fabrication cost. In this article, we have discussed the approaches towards developing DLCs as semiconductors, focusing on their molecular design concepts, supramolecular structures and electronic properties in the context of their charge carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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28
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Cai X, Hauche S, Poppe S, Cao Y, Zhang L, Huang C, Tschierske C, Liu F. Network Phases with Multiple-Junction Geometries at the Gyroid-Diamond Transition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1000-1010. [PMID: 36603102 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel phase sequence for the transition from the double diamond to the double gyroid cubic phases via two non-cubic intermediate phases, an orthorhombic Fmmm (O69) phase and a hexagonal P63/m (H176) phase, is reported for specifically designed bolapolyphiles composed of a linear rod-like bistolane core with sticky glycerol ends and two branched central and two linear peripheral side chains. These liquid crystalline (LC) phases represent members of a new class of unicontinuous network phases, formed by longitudinal rod bundles with polar spheres acting as junctions and the alkyl chains forming the continuum around them. In contrast to previously known bicontinuous cubic networks, they combine different junctions with different angles in a common structure, and one of them even represents a triple network instead of the usually found double networks. This provides new perspectives for the design of soft network phases with enhanced structural complexity, inspiring the search for new supramolecular networks, nano-particle arrays, and photonic band-gap materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Cai
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviors of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Hauche
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kur-Mother Str. 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kur-Mother Str. 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Yu Cao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviors of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chang Huang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kur-Mother Str. 2, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviors of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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29
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Hamaguchi K, Lu H, Okamura S, Kajiyama S, Uchida J, Sato S, Watanabe G, Ishii Y, Washizu H, Ungar G, Kato T. Reentrant 2D Nanostructured Liquid Crystals by Competition between Molecular Packing and Conformation: Potential Design for Multistep Switching of Ionic Conductivity. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200927. [PMID: 36594677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reentrant phenomena in soft matter and biosystems have attracted considerable attention because their properties are closely related to high functionality. Here, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the self-assembly and reentrant behavior of a single-component thermotropic smectic liquid crystal toward the realization of dynamically functional materials. We have designed and synthesized a mesogenic molecule consisting of an alicyclic trans,trans-bicyclohexyl mesogen and a polar cyclic carbonate group connected by a flexible tetra(oxyethylene) spacer. The molecule exhibits an unprecedented sequence of layered smectic phases, in the order: smectic A-smectic B-reentrant smectic A. Electron density profiles and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations indicate that competition between the stacking of bicyclohexyl mesogens and the conformational flexibility of tetra(oxyethylene) chains induces this unusual reentrant behavior. Ion-conductive reentrant liquid-crystalline materials have been developed, which undergo the multistep conductivity changes in response to temperature. The reentrant liquid crystals have potential as new mesogenic materials exhibiting switching functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shota Okamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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30
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Katariya KD, Nakum KJ, Soni R, Soman SS, Nada S, Hagar M. Coumarin Schiff base derivatives: Synthesis, mesomorphic properties, photophysical properties and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Chen XC, Zhang H, Liu SH, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Engineering Polymeric Nanofluidic Membranes for Efficient Ionic Transport: Biomimetic Design, Material Construction, and Advanced Functionalities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17613-17640. [PMID: 36322865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Design elements extracted from biological ion channels guide the engineering of artificial nanofluidic membranes for efficient ionic transport and spawn biomimetic devices with great potential in many cutting-edge areas. In this context, polymeric nanofluidic membranes can be especially attractive because of their inherent flexibility and benign processability, which facilitate massive fabrication and facile device integration for large-scale applications. Herein, the state-of-the-art achievements of polymeric nanofluidic membranes are systematically summarized. Theoretical fundamentals underlying both biological and synthetic ion channels are introduced. The advances of engineering polymeric nanofluidic membranes are then detailed from aspects of structural design, material construction, and chemical functionalization, emphasizing their broad chemical and reticular/topological variety as well as considerable property tunability. After that, this Review expands on examples of evolving these polymeric membranes into macroscopic devices and their potentials in addressing compelling issues in energy conversion and storage systems where efficient ion transport is highly desirable. Finally, a brief outlook on possible future developments in this field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
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32
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Devadiga D, T N A, S VB, Kumar S. New luminescent ordered liquid crystalline molecules with a 3-cyano-2-pyridone core unit. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8320-8330. [PMID: 36300377 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-organized states of liquid crystals (LCs) have recently received a lot of attention because of their various applications, especially in the fields of electron transport materials and optoelectronic devices. In most of these applications, molecules containing a donor-acceptor skeleton have been widely employed and generally these molecular frameworks have been designed mainly on the basis of the donor-acceptor concept. Inspired from this concept, we synthesized a series of new donor-acceptor based luminescent molecules, i.e. 4,6-bis(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (Pn-series), carrying variable alkoxy chains [i.e. n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]. The structures of the synthesized molecules were confirmed by various spectral analyses. Further, their absorption and emission studies indicated that these molecules show blue light emitting properties. Moreover, the experimentally obtained optical band gap was analogous to the theoretical band gap calculated from the DFT study. The first two members of the Pn-series (n = 8 and 10) are non-mesogens. As the alkyl chain length increased to n = 12 and n = 14, the smectic C phase appeared along with an additional low temperature ordered lamellar phase. When n = 16, the smectic C phase disappeared and the compound exhibited only an ordered lamellar phase. This ordered lamellar phase is mainly due to the face to face alignment which makes these molecules potential candidates for electron transport materials and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Devadiga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Ahipa T N
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India.
| | - Vanishree Bhat S
- Raman Research Institute, Soft Condensed Matter group, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Soft Condensed Matter group, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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33
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Iguarbe V, Romero P, Barberá J, Elduque A, Giménez R. Dual liquid Crystalline/Gel behavior with AIE effect promoted by Self-assembly of pyrazole dendrons. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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34
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Sui J. Self-growing nano-liquid-crystal film from dynamic swollen hydrogel substrates. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054701. [PMID: 36559390 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel which spontaneously swells in an aqueous polymer solution was observed to produce a new hydrogel film coated on its swollen surface. Here, inspired by this phenomenon, we theoretically formulate the dynamics of isotropic-to-nematic (I-N) phase transition caused by swelling a hydrogel substrate (HS) in a dilute nanoplatelet suspension, and quantitatively characterize a self-growing nano-liquid-crystal (NLC) film coated on the swollen HS surface. We show that as the HS gets softer, the resulting NLC film can form earlier and achieve greater thickness (up to hundreds of micrometers). Our results and the existing experiments confirm that the growth dynamics of the NLC film or hydrogel film is exclusively regulated by the swelling behaviors of the HS instead of suspension configurations, e.g., I-N phase transition or sol-gel transition, suggesting a universal signature for the solutes ranging from molecules to colloids. However, both the maximum thickness of the NLC film and the corresponding characteristic time rely highly on the inherent elasticity of the HS and nanoplatelet aspect ratio. We demonstrate that the swelling quasiequilibrium state rather than the equilibrium state of the HS is more qualified to formulate a condition which is practically significant in preestimating the moment when the maximum thickness of the NLC film appears. Our theoretical framework serves as a robust paradigm to extensively rationalize (bio)film coatings which self-integrate with diverse nanostructural configurations via swelling-induced phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jize Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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35
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Ishizu M, Hisano K, Aizawa M, Barrett CJ, Shishido A. Alignment Control of Smectic Layer Structures in Liquid-Crystalline Polymers by Photopolymerization with Scanned Slit Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48143-48149. [PMID: 36197073 PMCID: PMC9615981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoalignment control of hierarchical structures is a key process to enhance the properties of optical and mechanical materials. We developed an in situ molecular alignment method, where photopolymerization with the scanned slit light causes molecular flow, leading to two-dimensional precise alignment of molecules over large areas; however, the alignment control has been explored only on a molecular scale. In this study, we demonstrate this photopolymerization-induced molecular flow, enabling mesoscopic alignment of smectic layer structures composed of anisotropic molecules. Side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers were obtained from two different monomers with or without alkyl spacers by photopolymerization with one-dimensionally scanned slit light. The polymer with an alkyl spacer displayed mesogens aligned parallel to the scanning direction, while the polymer with no alkyl spacer resulted in perpendicular alignment of mesogens to the scanning direction, regulated by the alignment of the polymer main chain along the light scanning direction. Moreover, the polymerization with the scanned light aligned not only the mesogens but also mesoscopic smectic layer structures over large areas, depending on the structure and scanning pattern of light. We envision that such a simple polymerization technique could become a powerful and versatile alignment platform of anisotropic materials in a wide range of scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ishizu
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kyohei Hisano
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Miho Aizawa
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Christopher J. Barrett
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Atsushi Shishido
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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36
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Luo J, Yang Q, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Anisotropic polymer membranes retaining nanolayered hydrogen sulfate anions for enhanced anhydrous proton conduction. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Edagawa A, Matsuda S, Kawakubo H, Imai H, Oaki Y. Coatable 2D Conjugated Polymers Containing Bulky Macromolecular Guests for Thermal Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43792-43801. [PMID: 36057095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic properties are derived from the structural flexibility of 2D polymers. Softening layered structures has the potential for tuning and enhancing the dynamic properties. In the present work, the flexibility of layered polydiacetylene (PDA) is tuned by the interlayer polymeric guests with different branching structures. PDA shows thermoresponsive color-change properties through shortening the effective conjugation length with molecular motion. Whereas the blue-to-red color transition is observed at certain threshold temperatures for the layered PDA without the interlayer guest, the intercalation of the bulky polymer guests lowers the starting temperature and widens the temperature range for the thermoresponsive color changes. The resultant layered composite of PDA and bulky polymer affords the homogeneous coating on substrates on the centimeter scale. The thermoresponsive color-change coating is applied to temperature-distribution imaging. The specific heat of liquids is colorimetrically estimated using the coating on the bottle. The coating on a silk cloth visualizes the temperature distribution on a simulated tissue during surgical operation using an ultrasonic coagulation cutting device. The coating can be applied to thermal imaging in a variety of fields. Moreover, the softening strategy contributes to explore dynamic properties of soft 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Edagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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38
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhang R, Deng Z, Liu Y, Tian J, Yu L, Hu Q, Ye Q. Automated Calculation of Liquid Crystal Sensing Images Based on Deep Learning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12781-12787. [PMID: 36054869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC)-based sensors have been extensively applied in the detection of chemical and biological events. However, the calculation of the optical images of the LC-based sensors is usually time-consuming and also might bring some errors due to the use of different judgment criteria by different users. In the present study, an automated calculation method for LC sensing images based on deep learning is provided. A convolutional network is trained with the prepared LC sensing images and their corresponding segmentation annotations to predict the positive responses. The ratio is calculated from the area of positive response to the total area selected by our image processing method. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is validated on both the test set and the label-free Cd2+ detection. The results show that the method based on deep learning can detect the positive response area in real time and the speed is much faster than the manual processing method. In addition, deep learning method can be directly applied to other label-free molecular detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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39
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Li N, Pang Y, Zheng Z. Central condensed ring changes for manipulating the self-assembly and photophysical behaviors of cyanostilbene-based hexacatenars. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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40
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Inoue Y, Takada K, Kawamura A, Miyata T. Amphiphilic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Micelles That Exhibit a Phase Transition at Body Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31513-31524. [PMID: 35767380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), which exhibit unique structures and properties intermediate between those of liquids and solids, are widely utilized as functional and advanced materials for fabricating optical devices and high-performance fibers. This utility stems from their ability to abruptly change their organized structures and mobilities at their liquid crystalline-isotropic phase transition temperatures, similar to the properties of biological membranes. Despite these numerous potential applications of LCPs, no study on their use in medical applications such as drug delivery has been reported. In the present study, we synthesized amphiphilic side-chain LCPs (LCP-g-OEGs, where OEG is oligo(ethylene glycol)) for medical applications, where the LCP-g-OEGs undergo a nematic-isotropic phase transition at body temperature. The LCP-g-OEGs formed micelles with a diameter of approximately 130 nm in aqueous media. The micelles were stable and did not dissociate in aqueous media even when the temperature exceeded the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature (TNI). Although the release of a dye as a model drug from micelles was suppressed at temperatures lower than TNI, their dye release was drastically enhanced at temperatures higher than TNI. The LCP-g-OEG micelles regulated dye release reversibly in accordance with stepwise changes in temperature, without undergoing dissociation, differing from the behavior of standard temperature-responsive micelles. The temperature-responsive dye release behavior is induced by dramatic changes in their well-organized and dynamic structures as a result of the nematic-isotropic phase transition. These results demonstrate that the LCP-g-OEG micelles have a lot of medical applications as reversibly stimuli-responsive drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Inoue
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Takada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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41
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Tao L, Xiao A, Lyu X, Tang Z, Yu Z, Shen Z, Fan X. Preparation of Complex Ratio‐Dependent Nanomaterials from Polymerizable Hydrogen‐Bonded Liquid Crystal. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 PR China
| | - Anqi Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaolin Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhehao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen‐Qiang Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 PR China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xinghe Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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42
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Chen C, Poppe M, Poppe S, Wagner M, Tschierske C, Liu F. Tetrahedral Liquid‐Crystalline Networks: An A15‐Like Frank–Kasper Phase Based on Rod‐Packing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203447. [PMID: 35470526 PMCID: PMC9321821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Chen
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes Str. 2 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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43
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“Room temperature Imidazolium linked Chalcone based Ionic LCs: Role of Terminal position on Mesomorphism”. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Oaki Y, Sato K. Nanoarchitectonics for conductive polymers using solid and vapor phases. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2773-2781. [PMID: 36132001 PMCID: PMC9418446 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have been extensively studied as functional organic materials due to their broad range of applications. Conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole, polythiophene, and their derivatives, are typically obtained as coatings and precipitates in the solution phase. Nanoarchitectonics for conductive polymers requires new methods including syntheses and morphology control. For example, nanoarchitectonics is achieved by liquid-phase syntheses with the assistance of templates, such as macromolecules and porous materials. This minireview summarizes the other new synthetic methods using the solid and vapor phases for nanoarchitectonics. In general, the monomers and related species are supplied from the solution phase. Our group has studied polymerization of heteroaromatic monomers using the solid and vapor phases. The surface and inside of solid crystals were used for the polymerization with the diffusion of the heteroaromatic monomer vapor. Our nanoarchitectonics affords to form homogeneous coatings, hierarchical structures, composites, and copolymers for energy-related applications. The concepts using solid and vapor phases can be applied to nanoarchitectonics for not only conductive polymers but also other polymers toward a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kosuke Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
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45
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Ishii Y, Matubayasi N, Washizu H. Nonpolarizable Force Fields through the Self-Consistent Modeling Scheme with MD and DFT Methods: From Ionic Liquids to Self-Assembled Ionic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4611-4622. [PMID: 35698025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A key to achieve the accuracy of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is the set of force fields used to express the atomistic interactions. In particular, the electrostatic interaction remains the main issue for the precise simulation of various ionic soft materials from ionic liquids to their supramolecular compounds. In this study, we test the nonpolarizable force fields of ionic liquids (ILs) and self-assembled ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) for which the intermolecular charge transfer and intramolecular polarization are significant. The self-consistent modeling scheme is adopted to refine the atomic charges of ionic species in a condensed state through the use of density functional theory (DFT) under the periodic boundary condition. The atomic charges of the generalized amber force field (GAFF) are effectively updated to express the electrostatic properties of ionic molecules obtained by the DFT calculation in condensed phase, which improves the prediction accuracy of ionic conductivity with the obtained force field (GAFF-DFT). The derived DFT charges then suggest that the substitution of a hydrophobic liquid-crystalline moiety into IL-based cations enhances the charge localization of ionic groups in the amphiphilic molecules, leading to the amplification of the electrostatic interactions among the hydrophilic/ionic groups in the presence of hydrophobic moieties. In addition, we focus on an ion-conductive pathway hidden in the self-assembled nanostructure. The MD results indicate that the ionic groups of cation and anion interact strongly for keeping the bicontinuous nanosegregation of ionic nanochannel. The partial fractions of hydrophilic/ionic and hydrophobic nanodomains are then quantified with the volume difference from referenced IL systems, while the calculated ionic conductivity decreases in the self-assembled ILCs more than the occupied volume of ionic nanodomains. These analyses suggest that the mobility of ions in the self-assembled ILCs remains quite restricted even with small tetrafluoroborate anions because of strong attractive interaction among ionic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matubayasi
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan.,Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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46
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Mu B, Zhang Z, Hao X, Ma T, Tian W. Positional Isomerism-Mediated Copolymerization Realizing the Continuous Luminescence Color-Tuning of Liquid-Crystalline Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhelin Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xiangnan Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tianshu Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
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47
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Nakayama M, Kato T. Biomineral-Inspired Colloidal Liquid Crystals: From Assembly of Hybrids Comprising Inorganic Nanocrystals and Organic Polymer Components to Their Functionalization. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1796-1808. [PMID: 35699654 PMCID: PMC9260960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bioinspired organic/inorganic synthetic composites
have been studied
as high-performance and functional materials. In nature, biominerals
such as pearls, teeth, and bones are self-organized organic/inorganic
composites. The inorganic components are composed of calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) and hydroxyapatite (HAp), while the organic components
consist of peptides and polysaccharides. These composites are used
as structural materials in hard biological tissues. Biominerals do
not show significantly higher performances than synthetic composites
such as glass-fiber- or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. However,
biominerals consist of environmentally friendly and biocompatible
components that are prepared under mild conditions. Moreover, they
form elaborate nanostructures and self-organized hierarchical structures.
Much can be learned about material design from these biomineral-based
hierarchical and nanostructured composites to assist in the preparation
of functional materials. Inspired by these biological hard tissues,
we developed nanostructured
thin films and bulk hybrid crystals through the self-organization
of organic polymers and inorganic crystals of CaCO3 or
HAp. In biomineralization, the combination of insoluble components
and soluble acidic macromolecules controls the crystallization process.
We have shown that poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or acidic peptides called
polymer additives induce the formation of thin film crystals of CaCO3 or HAp by cooperation with insoluble organic templates such
as chitin and synthetic polymers bearing the OH group. Moreover, we
recently developed CaCO3- and HAp-based nanostructured
particles with rod and disk shapes. These were obtained in aqueous
media using a macromolecular acidic additive, PAA, without using insoluble
polymer templates. At appropriate concentrations, the anisotropic
particles self-assembled and formed colloidal liquid-crystalline (LC)
phases. LC materials are generally composed of organic molecules.
They
show ordered and mobile states. The addition of stimuli-responsive
properties to organic rod-like LC molecules led to the successful
development of informational displays, which are now widely used.
On the other hand, colloidal liquid crystals are colloidal self-assembled
dispersions of anisotropic organic and inorganic nano- and micro-objects.
For example, polysaccharide whiskers, clay nanosheets, gibbsite plate-shaped
particles, and silica rod-shaped particles exhibit colloidal LC states. In this Account, we focused on the material design and hierarchical
aspects of biomineral-based colloidal LC polymer/inorganic composites.
We describe the design and preparation, nanostructures, and self-assembled
behavior of these new bioinspired and biocompatible self-organized
materials. The characterization results for these self-assembled nanostructured
colloidal liquid crystals found using high-resolution transmission
electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and neutron scattering
and rheological measurements are also reported. The functions of these
biomineral-inspired liquid crystals are presented. Because these biomineral-based
LC colloidal liquid crystals can be prepared under mild and aqueous
conditions and they consist of environmentally friendly and biocompatible
components, new functions are expected for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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48
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Westphal E, Windisch AC, Mezalira DZ, Gallardo H. Reaching Room‐Temperature Mesomorphism through Expansion of the Tristriazolotriazine Core with Alkoxybenzoate Units. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Westphal
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry 88040-900 Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Alana Carolina Windisch
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Daniela Zambelli Mezalira
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Campus Universitario Trindade 88049-900 Florianopolis BRAZIL
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De J, Sarkar I, Yadav RAK, Bala I, Gupta SP, Siddiqui I, Jou JH, Pal SK. Luminescent columnar discotics as highly efficient emitters in pure deep-blue OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.7. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4214-4219. [PMID: 34935025 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of materials that serve as efficient blue emitters in solution-processable OLEDs is challenging. In this study, we report three derivatives of C3-symmetric 1,3,5-tris(thien-2-yl)benzene-based highly luminescent room temperature columnar discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) suitable as solid-state emitters in OLED devices. When employed in solution-processed OLEDs, one of the derivatives having the highest photoluminescence quantum yield exhibited a maximum EQE of 4.7% and CIE chromaticity of (0.16, 0.05) corresponding to the ultra deep-blue emission. The finding is sufficiently significant in the field of DLC-based deep blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Ishan Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | | | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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50
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Uchida J, Soberats B, Gupta M, Kato T. Advanced Functional Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109063. [PMID: 35034382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals have been intensively studied as functional materials. Recently, integration of various disciplines has led to new directions in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials in the fields of energy, water, photonics, actuation, sensing, and biotechnology. Here, recent advances in functional liquid crystals based on polymers, supramolecular complexes, gels, colloids, and inorganic-based hybrids are reviewed, from design strategies to functionalization of these materials and interfaces. New insights into liquid crystals provided by significant progress in advanced measurements and computational simulations, which enhance new design and functionalization of liquid-crystalline materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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