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Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A. Mechanochemical Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide Biomass: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300554. [PMID: 38224154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can affect chemical reactions in a way that thermal reactions cannot do, which may have a variety of applications. In biomass conversion, the selective conversion of cellulose and chitin is a grand challenge because they are the top two most abundant resources and recalcitrant materials that are insoluble in common solvents. However, recent works have clarified that mechanical forces enable the depolymerization of these polysaccharides, leading to the selective production of corresponding monomers and oligomers. This article reviews the mechanochemical hydrolysis of cellulose and chitin, particularly focusing on the scope and mechanisms to show a landscape of this research field and future subjects. We introduce the background of mechanochemistry and biomass conversion, followed by recent progress on the mechanochemical hydrolysis of the polysaccharides. Afterwards, a considerable space is devoted to the mechanistic consideration on the mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, 153-8902, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Chen Y, Huang C, Miao Z, Gao Y, Dong Y, Tam KC, Yu HY. Tailoring Hydronium ion Driven Dissociation-Chemical Cross-Linking for Superfast One-Pot Cellulose Dissolution and Derivatization to Build Robust Cellulose Films. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8754-8767. [PMID: 38456442 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Concepts of sustainability must be developed to overcome the increasing environmental hazards caused by fossil resources. Cellulose derivatives with excellent properties are promising biobased alternatives for petroleum-derived materials. However, a one-pot route to achieve cellulose dissolution and derivatization is very challenging, requiring harsh conditions, high energy consumption, and complex solubilizing. Herein, we design a one-pot tailoring hydronium ion driven dissociation-chemical cross-linking strategy to achieve superfast cellulose dissolution and derivatization for orderly robust cellulose films. In this strategy, there is a powerful driving force from organic acid with a pKa below 3.75 to dissociate H+ and trigger the dissolution and derivatization of cellulose under the addition of H2SO4. Nevertheless, the driving force can only trigger a partial swelling of cellulose but without dissolution when the pKa of organic acid is above 4.26 for the dissociation of H+ is inhibited by the addition of inorganic acid. The cellulose film has high transmittance (up to ∼90%), excellent tensile strength (∼122 MPa), and is superior to commercial PE film. Moreover, the tensile strength is increased by 400% compared to cellulose film prepared by the ZnCl2 solvent. This work provides an efficient solvent, which is of great significance for emerging cellulose materials from renewable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chengling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhouyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Youjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanjuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hou-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Margetić D. Recent applications of mechanochemistry in synthetic organic chemistry. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The promotion of chemical reactions by an unconventional energy source, mechanical energy (mechanochemistry) has increasing number of applications in organic synthesis. The advantages of mechanochemistry are versatile, from reduction of solvent use, increase of reaction efficiency to better environmental sustainability. This paper gives a short review on the recent developments in the fast growing field of organic mechanochemistry which are illustrated by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Margetić
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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4
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Kaabel S, Arciszewski J, Borchers TH, Therien JPD, Friščić T, Auclair K. Solid-State Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mixed PET/Cotton Textiles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201613. [PMID: 36165763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste polyester textiles are not recycled due to separation challenges and partial structural degradation during use and recycling. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through depolymerization can provide a feedstock of recycled monomers to make "as-new" polymers. While enzymatic PET recycling is a more selective and more sustainable approach, methods in development, however, have thus far been limited to clean, high-quality PET feedstocks, and require an energy-intensive melt-amorphization step ahead of enzymatic treatment. Here, high-crystallinity PET in mixed PET/cotton textiles could be directly and selectively depolymerized to terephthalic acid (TPA) by using a commercial cutinase from Humicola insolens under moist-solid reaction conditions, affording up to 30±2 % yield of TPA. The process was readily combined with cotton depolymerization through simultaneous or sequential application of the cellulase enzymes CTec2®, providing up to 83±4 % yield of glucose without any negative influence on the TPA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jane Arciszewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - J P Daniel Therien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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Ambrose-Dempster E, Leipold L, Dobrijevic D, Bawn M, Carter EM, Stojanovski G, Sheppard TD, Jeffries JWE, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Mechanoenzymatic reactions for the hydrolysis of PET †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9954-9962. [PMID: 37006375 PMCID: PMC10050947 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the enzymatic degradation of poly(ethylene terphthalate) (PET) have led to a number of PET hydrolytic enzymes and mutants being developed. With the amount of PET building up in the natural world, there is a pressing need to develop scalable methods of breaking down the polymer into its monomers for recycling or other uses. Mechanoenzymatic reactions have gained traction recently as a green and efficient alternative to traditional biocatalytic reactions. For the first time we report increased yields of PET degradation by whole cell PETase enzymes by up to 27-fold by utilising ball milling cycles of reactive aging, when compared with typical solution-based reactions. This methodology leads to up to a 2600-fold decrease in the solvent required when compared with other leading degradation reactions in the field and a 30-fold decrease in comparison to reported industrial scale PET hydrolysis reactions. Mechanoenzymatic reactions are described for the degradation of different PET materials using whole cell PETases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leona Leipold
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Dragana Dobrijevic
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Maria Bawn
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Eve M. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Gorjan Stojanovski
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tom D. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Jack W. E. Jeffries
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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Jung E, Yim D, Kim H, Peterson GI, Choi T. Depolymerization of poly(α‐methyl styrene) with ball‐mill grinding. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsong Jung
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Yim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institutes of Basic Sciences Incheon National University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institutes of Basic Sciences Incheon National University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institutes of Basic Sciences Incheon National University Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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7
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Liu X, Li Y, Zeng L, Li X, Chen N, Bai S, He H, Wang Q, Zhang C. A Review on Mechanochemistry: Approaching Advanced Energy Materials with Greener Force. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108327. [PMID: 35015320 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry with solvent-free and environmentally friendly characteristics is one of the most promising alternatives to traditional liquid-phase-based reactions, demonstrating epoch-making significance in the realization of different types of chemistry. Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical energy to promote physical and chemical transformations to design complex molecules and nanostructured materials, encourage dispersion and recombination of multiphase components, and accelerate reaction rates and efficiencies via highly reactive surfaces. In particular, mechanochemistry deserves special attention because it is capable of endowing energy materials with unique characteristics and properties. Herein, the latest advances and progress in mechanochemistry for the preparation and modification of energy materials are reviewed. An outline of the basic knowledge, methods, and characteristics of different mechanochemical strategies is presented, distinguishing this review from most mechanochemistry reviews that only focus on ball-milling. Next, this outline is followed by a detailed and insightful discussion of mechanochemistry-involved energy conversion and storage applications. The discussion comprehensively covers aspects of energy transformations from mechanical/optical/chemical energy to electrical energy. Finally, next-generation advanced energy materials are proposed. This review is intended to bring mechanochemistry to the frontline and guide this burgeoning field of interdisciplinary research for developing advanced energy materials with greener mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shibing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hanna He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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8
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Al Amin Leamon AKM, Venegas MP, Orsat V, Auclair K, Dumont MJ. Semisynthetic transformation of banana peel to enhance the conversion of sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127782. [PMID: 35970500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to efficiently convert banana peels (BP) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by using an integrated mechanoenzymatic/catalytic approach. There is no report on HMF production using mechanoenzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, this method enables saccharification of lignocellulose without bulk solvents or pretreatment. The effects of the reaction volume, milling time, and reactive aging (RAging) on the mechanoenzymatic hydrolysis of BP were studied. The solvent-free enzymatic hydrolysis of BP under RAging conditions was found to provide higher glucose (40.5 wt%) and fructose (17.2 wt%) yields than chemical hydrolysis. Next, the conversion of the resulting monosaccharides into HMF in the presence of the AlCl3·H2O/HCl-DMSO/H2O system resulted in 71.9 mol% yield, which is so far the highest HMF yield obtained from cellulosic food wastes. Under identical reaction conditions, direct conversion of untreated BP to HMF yielded 22.7 mol% HMF, suggesting that mechanoenzymatic hydrolysis greatly promotes the release of sugars from BP to improve HMF yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Al Amin Leamon
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Mario Perez Venegas
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; Chemical Engineering Department, Université Laval, 1065, av. de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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9
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Ren Y, Li Z, Kong X, Shao M, Duan H. Plastic Waste Valorization by Leveraging Multidisciplinary Catalytic Technologies. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianggui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingfei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haohong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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10
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Arciszewski J, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Reactions Involving Polymeric Substrates or Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102084. [PMID: 35104019 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoenzymology is an emerging field in which mechanical mixing is used to sustain enzymatic reactions in low-solvent or solvent-free mixtures. Many enzymes have been reported that thrive under such conditions. Considering the central role of biopolymers and synthetic polymers in our society, this minireview highlights the use of mechanoenzymology for the synthesis or depolymerization of oligomeric or polymeric materials. In contrast to traditional in-solution reactions, solvent-free mechanoenzymology has the advantages of avoiding solubility issues, proceeding in a minimal volume, and reducing solvent waste while potentially improving the reaction efficiency and accessing new reactivity. It is expected that this strategy will continue to gain popularity and find more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Arciszewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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11
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Pfennig VS, Villella RC, Nikodemus J, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Grignard Reactions with Gaseous CO 2 and Sodium Methyl Carbonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116514. [PMID: 34942056 PMCID: PMC9306648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-step protocol for the preparation of Grignard reagents from organobromides in a ball mill and their subsequent reactions with gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2 ) or sodium methyl carbonate providing aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids in up to 82 % yield is reported. Noteworthy are the short reaction times and the significantly reduced solvent amounts [2.0 equiv. for liquid assisted grinding (LAG) conditions]. Unexpectedly, aryl bromides with methoxy substituents lead to symmetric ketones as major products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Pfennig
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Romina C. Villella
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Julia Nikodemus
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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12
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling towards Carbon Neutrality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Research Institute of Petrochem Processing, SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Low Carbon Energy Conversion Center Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shanghai Low Carbon Technology Innovation Platform Shanghai 210620 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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13
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Pfennig VS, Villella RC, Nikodemus J, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Grignard Reactions with Gaseous CO
2
and Sodium Methyl Carbonate**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Pfennig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Romina C. Villella
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Julia Nikodemus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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14
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Chu X, Jiang L, Lu Q, Dong J. Mechano-Biocatalytic Rapid Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling Towards Carbon Neutrality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112835. [PMID: 34919305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Green carbon science is defined as "Study and optimization of the transformation of carbon containing compounds and the relevant processes involved in the entire carbon cycle from carbon resource processing, carbon energy utilization, and carbon recycling to use carbon resources efficiently and minimize the net CO2 emission." [1] Green carbon science is related closely to carbon neutrality, and the relevant fields have developed quickly in the last decade. In this Minireview, we proposed the concept of carbon energy index, and the recent progresses in petroleum refining, production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and materials using coal, methane, CO2, biomass, and waste plastics are highlighted in combination with green carbon science, and an outlook for these important fields is provided in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan He
- East China Normal University, Department of Chemistry, 200062, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Buxing Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Beiyijie number 2, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
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16
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Enzymatic depolymerization of highly crystalline polyethylene terephthalate enabled in moist-solid reaction mixtures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026452118. [PMID: 34257154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026452118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than 9% of the plastic produced is recycled after use, contributing to the global plastic pollution problem. While polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most common plastics, its thermomechanical recycling generates a material of lesser quality. Enzymes are highly selective, renewable catalysts active at mild temperatures; however, they lack activity toward the more crystalline forms of PET commonly found in consumer plastics, requiring the energy-expensive melt-amorphization step of PET before enzymatic depolymerization. We report here that, when used in moist-solid reaction mixtures instead of the typical dilute aqueous solutions or slurries, the cutinase from Humicola insolens can directly depolymerize amorphous and crystalline regions of PET equally, without any pretreatment, with a 13-fold higher space-time yield and a 15-fold higher enzyme efficiency than reported in prior studies with high-crystallinity material. Further, this process shows a 26-fold selectivity for terephthalic acid over other hydrolysis products.
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17
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology: State of the Art and Challenges towards Highly Sustainable Biocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2682-2688. [PMID: 33882180 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global awareness of the importance of developing environmentally friendlier and more sustainable methods for the synthesis of valuable chemical compounds has led to the design of novel synthetic strategies, involving bio- and organocatalysis as well as the application of novel efficient and ground-breaking technologies such as present-day solvent-free mechanochemistry. In this regard, the evaluation of biocatalytic protocols mediated by the combination of mechanical activation and enzymatic catalysis has recently attracted the attention of the chemical community. Such mechanoenzymatic strategy represents an innovative and promising "green" approach in chemical synthesis that poses nevertheless new paradigms regarding the relative resilience of biomolecules to the mechanochemical stress and to the apparent high energy, at least in so-called hot-spots, during the milling process. Herein, relevant comments on the conceptualization of such mechanoenzymatic approach as a sustainable option in chemical synthesis, recent progress in the area, and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Venegas
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Chemistry Department Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis González Obregón # 23, Centro Histórico, 06020, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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18
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Zhang Q, Lu Z, Su C, Feng Z, Wang H, Yu J, Su W. High yielding, one-step mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals without bulk solvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 331:125015. [PMID: 33812135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are limited due to the low enzymatic efficiency and large amount of waste liquid. The purpose of this study is to improve the yield and production efficiency of CNCs by enzymatic hydrolysis. A one-step mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis method was developed by utilizing the synergy of wet grinding and enzymatic hydrolysis reaction to efficiently prepare CNCs. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the maximum CNCs yield of 49.3% was achieved with higher thermal stability and crystallinity index of 76.7%. Mechano-enzymatic hydrolysis followed the first order pseudo-kinetics, and fractal kinetics demonstrated that mechanical force of rotation speed affected the fractal dimensions and binding ability between substrate and enzyme. This study provides an alternative method to prepare CNCs, which can significantly avoid the use of bulk water, improve the production efficiency of CNCs and thus lower the production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zongmiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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19
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Nugrahani I. Sustainable Pharmaceutical Preparation Methods and Solid-state Analysis Supporting Green Pharmacy. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200711150729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Every "entity" or compound has physical and chemical properties as references for the synthesis
and determination of the entity's structure. Thermodynamically, solid-state is the most stable
matter in the universe and to be the ideal form in structure elucidation of pharmaceutical. The dry
treatments, such as mechanochemistry, microwave heating, and the using of deep eutectic agent are
becoming popular. These techniques are viewed as futuristic methods for reducing environmental damage,
in line with "green pharmacy" concept. On the other hand, solid-state analysis methods from the
simplest to the most sophisticated one have been used in the long decades, but most are for qualitative
purposes. Recently many reports have proven that solid-state analysis instruments are reliable and prospective
for implementing in the quantitative measurement. Infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction,
and differential scanning calorimetry have been employed in various kinetics and content determination
studies. A revolutionary method developed for structural elucidation is single-crystal diffraction,
which is capable of rapidly and accurately determining a three-dimensional chemical structure.
Hereby it is shown that the accurate, precise, economic, ease, rapid-speed, and reliability of solidstate
analysis methods are eco-benefits by reducing the reagent, catalyst, and organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Nugrahani
- Pharmacochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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20
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Lukin S, Užarević K, Halasz I. Raman spectroscopy for real-time and in situ monitoring of mechanochemical milling reactions. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3492-3521. [PMID: 34089023 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state milling has emerged as an alternative, sustainable approach for preparing virtually all classes of compounds and materials. In situ reaction monitoring is essential to understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of these reactions, but it has proved difficult to use standard analytical techniques to analyze the contents of the closed, rapidly moving reaction chamber (jar). Monitoring by Raman spectroscopy is an attractive choice, because it allows uninterrupted data collection from the outside of a translucent milling jar. It complements the already established in situ monitoring based on powder X-ray diffraction, which has limited accessibility to the wider research community, because it requires a synchrotron X-ray source. The Raman spectroscopy monitoring setup used in this protocol consists of an affordable, small portable spectrometer, a laser source and a Raman probe. Translucent reaction jars, most commonly made from a plastic material, enable interaction of the laser beam with the solid sample residing inside the closed reaction jar and collection of Raman-scattered photons while the ball mill is in operation. Acquired Raman spectra are analyzed using commercial or open-source software for data analysis (e.g., MATLAB, Octave, Python, R). Plotting the Raman spectra versus time enables qualitative analysis of reaction paths. This is demonstrated for an example reaction: the formation in the solid state of a cocrystal between nicotinamide and salicylic acid. A more rigorous data analysis can be achieved using multivariate analysis.
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21
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Štrukil V. Highly Efficient Solid-State Hydrolysis of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate by Mechanochemical Milling and Vapor-Assisted Aging. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:330-338. [PMID: 32986929 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant methodological and technological advancements in chemical recycling of synthetic polymers, an efficient and quantitative conversion of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into terephthalic acid (TPA) under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure still remains a challenge. In this respect, the application of mechanochemistry and multiple advantages offered by solid-state ball milling and vapor-assisted aging have remained insufficiently explored. To further expand their potential, the implementation of organic solvent-free milling as a superior methodology for successful alkaline depolymerization of waste PET (e. g., bottles and textile) into TPA monomer in near-quantitative yields was reported herein. The solid-state alkaline PET hydrolysis was also shown to proceed in excellent yields under aging conditions in humid environment or in the presence of alcohol vapors. Moreover, the performance of mechanochemical ball milling and aging in the gram-scale depolymerization of PET into TPA was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vjekoslav Štrukil
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Investigation of thermo-chemical properties of mechanochemically generated glucose–histidine Maillard reaction mixtures. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Lončarić I, Milanović I, Biliškov N, di Michiel M, Friščić T, Halasz I. Mechanochemical Metathesis between AgNO 3 and NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) and Ag 2XNO 3 Double-Salt Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12200-12208. [PMID: 32806016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe real-time, in situ monitoring of mechanochemical solid-state metathesis between silver nitrate and the entire series of sodium halides, on the basis of tandem powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. The mechanistic monitoring reveals that reactions of AgNO3 with NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) differ in reaction paths, with only the reaction with NaBr providing the NaNO3 and AgX products directly. The reaction with NaI revealed the presence of a novel, short-lived intermediate phase, while the reaction with NaCl progressed the slowest through the well-defined Ag2ClNO3 intermediate double salt. While the corresponding iodide and bromide double salts were not observed as intermediates, all three are readily prepared as pure compounds by milling equimolar mixtures of AgX and AgNO3. The in situ observation of reactive intermediates in these simple metathesis reactions reveals a surprising resemblance of reactions involving purely ionic components to those of molecular organic solids and cocrystals. This study demonstrates the potential of in situ reaction monitoring for mechanochemical reactions of ionic compounds as well as completes the application of these techniques to all major compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Milanović
- Department of Physics (010), Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Biliškov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marco di Michiel
- ESRF-the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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25
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Pérez‐Venegas M, Rodríguez‐Treviño AM, Juaristi E. Dual Mechanoenzymatic Kinetic Resolution of (±)‐Ketorolac. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez‐Venegas
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
| | | | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional Donceles 104 Ciudad de México 06020 Mexico
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26
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Hammerer F, Ostadjoo S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Towards Controlling the Reactivity of Enzymes in Mechanochemistry: Inert Surfaces Protect β-Glucosidase Activity During Ball Milling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:106-110. [PMID: 31593363 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity of β-glucosidases-the enzymes responsible for the final step in the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose-can be maintained and manipulated under mechanochemical conditions in the absence of bulk solvent, either through an unexpected stabilization effect of inert surfaces, or by altering the enzymatic equilibrium. The reported results illustrate unique aspects of mechanoenzymatic reactions that are not observable in conventional aqueous solutions. They also represent the first reported strategies to enhance activity and favor either direction of the reaction under mechanochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Hammerer
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal (QC), H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Ostadjoo
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal (QC), H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal (QC), H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Chemistry Department, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal (QC), H3A 0B8, Canada
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27
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Kaabel S, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Transformations in the Absence of Bulk Water: A More Natural Way of Using Enzymes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:742-758. [PMID: 31651073 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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28
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Pérez‐Venegas M, Tellez‐Cruz MM, Solorza‐Feria O, López‐Munguía A, Castillo E, Juaristi E. Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Immobilized
Candida antarctica
Lipase B: an Approximation to Mechanochemical Energetics in Enzyme Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez‐Venegas
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
| | - Miriam M. Tellez‐Cruz
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
| | - Omar Solorza‐Feria
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
| | - Agustín López‐Munguía
- Department of cellular engineering and biocatalysisUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa 62210 Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Department of cellular engineering and biocatalysisUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa 62210 Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Department of ChemistryCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Av. IPN 2508 Ciudad de México 07360 Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional Luis Gonzáles Obregón 23 Ciudad de México 06020 Mexico
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29
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Efficient Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass Hemicellulose in the Absence of Bulk Water. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234206. [PMID: 31756935 PMCID: PMC6930478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current enzymatic methods for hemicellulosic biomass depolymerization are solution-based, typically require a harsh chemical pre-treatment of the material and large volumes of water, yet lack in efficiency. In our study, xylanase (E.C. 3.2.1.8) from Thermomyces lanuginosus is used to hydrolyze xylans from different sources. We report an innovative enzymatic process which avoids the use of bulk aqueous, organic or inorganic solvent, and enables hydrolysis of hemicellulose directly from chemically untreated biomass, to low-weight, soluble oligoxylosaccharides in >70% yields.
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30
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Jing Y, Guo Y, Xia Q, Liu X, Wang Y. Catalytic Production of Value-Added Chemicals and Liquid Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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32
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Friščić T, Mottillo C, Titi HM. Mechanochemistry for Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1018-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Laboratoire SPCMIB, CNRS UMR 5068 Université de Toulouse UPS 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Cristina Mottillo
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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33
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Therien JPD, Hammerer F, Friščić T, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N-Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3481-3490. [PMID: 31211476 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is not only the most abundant nitrogen-containing biopolymer on the planet, but also a renewable feedstock that is often treated as a waste. Current chemical methods to break down chitin typically employ harsh conditions, large volumes of solvent, and generate a mixture of products. Although enzymatic methods have been reported, they require a harsh chemical pretreatment of the chitinous substrate and rely on dilute solution conditions that are remote from the natural environment of microbial chitinase enzymes, which typically consists of surfaces exposed to air and moisture. We report an innovative and efficient mechanoenzymatic method to hydrolyze chitin to the N-acetylglucosamine monomer by using chitinases under the recently developed reactive aging (RAging) methodology, based on repeating cycles of brief ball-milling followed by aging, in the absence of bulk solvent. Our results demonstrate that the activity of chitinases increases several times by switching from traditional solution-based conditions of enzymatic catalysis to solventless RAging, which operates on moist solid substrates. Importantly, RAging is also highly efficient for the production of N-acetylglucosamine directly from shrimp and crab shell biomass without any other processing except for a gentle wash with aqueous acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Daniel Therien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Fabien Hammerer
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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34
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Di Nardo T, Moores A. Mechanochemical amorphization of chitin: impact of apparatus material on performance and contamination. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1217-1225. [PMID: 31293669 PMCID: PMC6604705 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a study of the impact of the jar and ball medium on the performance in the mechanochemical amorphization of chitin. We measured the crystallinity index of chitin after milling it in a vibration mill in an apparatus made of copper, aluminum, brass, tungsten carbide, zirconia, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). These materials offer a range of Vickers hardness values and the impact of these parameters is discussed. The role of the size and mass of the balls is also studied in the case of stainless steel. This study also highlights one of the major challenges during milling, which is contamination of the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Di Nardo
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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35
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Bridging the gap between transition metal- and bio-catalysis via aqueous micellar catalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31092815 PMCID: PMC6520378 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aqueous solutions of designer surfactants enable a wide variety of valuable transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Since reactions take place within the inner hydrophobic cores of these tailor-made nanoreactors, and products made therein are in dynamic exchange between micelles through the water, opportunities exist to use enzymes to effect secondary processes. Herein we report that ketone-containing products, formed via initial transition metal-catalyzed reactions based on Pd, Cu, Rh, Fe and Au, can be followed in the same pot by enzymatic reductions mediated by alcohol dehydrogenases. Most noteworthy is the finding that nanomicelles present in the water appear to function not only as a medium for both chemo- and bio-catalysis, but as a reservoir for substrates, products, and catalysts, decreasing noncompetitive enzyme inhibition.
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36
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Tong D, Yang H, Fang K. Eco-Friendly Ca-Montmorillonite Grafted by Non-Acidic Ionic Liquid Used as A Solid Acid Catalyst in Cellulose Hydrolysis to Reducing Sugars. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091832. [PMID: 31086032 PMCID: PMC6539098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective and friendly method was developed for the production of reducing sugars (RS) from the hydrolysis of cellulose over the solid catalyst of Ca-montmorillonite (Mt) grafted by non-acidic ionic liquid (Mt-IL) in water. The effect of mass ratio, water dosage, reaction temperature, and time were investigated in a batch reactor. Raw Mt showed only a 7.9% total reducing sugars (TRS) yield for the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose in water. As the Mt was grafted by -SO3H and IL, the TRS yield greatly increased under the same reaction conditions. The highest TRS yield of 35.7% was obtained on the catalyst of Mt grafted by non-acidic IL at 200 °C with the mass ratio of catalyst to cellulose of 0.2 for 120 min. The high TRS yield for Mt-IL should be attributed to the synergistic effect of the dissolution of cellulose by IL and the exposed metal ions on the layer with water. Although the yield of TRS on Mt-IL decreased gradually with recycling runs, the decrease after the first run was not very serious compared to the fresh catalyst. This work provides a promising strategy for efficient cellulose hydrolysis into fine chemicals by Mt with non-acidic IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Dongshen Tong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Haiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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37
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CSC and CIC Awards 2019. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5801-5802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Preise von CSC und CIC 2019. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Qi X, Yan L, Shen F, Qiu M. Mechanochemical-assisted hydrolysis of pretreated rice straw into glucose and xylose in water by weakly acidic solid catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:687-691. [PMID: 30448067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, carbonaceous materials bearing only weakly acidic COOH and phenolic OH groups were directly prepared by the pyrolysis of lignin and KOH in black liquor generating from rice straw that was pretreated with KOH aqueous solution. The synthesized carbon materials were used for the hydrolysis of cellulose or the alkali pretreated rice straw in water, after mixed ball-milling pretreatment, and provided a high glucose yield of 76.3% for cellulose, high yields of 52.1% glucose and 66.5% xylose for alkali pretreated rice straw, respectively, in 0.015 wt% HCl aqueous solution at 200 °C for 60 min. The weakly acidic catalyst showed good stability and recyclability in the aqueous reaction system. This work provides an efficient process for the hydrolysis of lignocellulose by biomass-derived weakly acidic catalysts in water and should have wide applications in biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Lulu Yan
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Mo Qiu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
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Pérez-Venegas M, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymatic resolution of racemic chiral amines, a green technique for the synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Zhang ZY, Ji D, Mao W, Cui Y, Wang Q, Han L, Zhong H, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Nørgaard K, Li T. Dry Chemistry of Ferrate(VI): A Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Way for Versatile Green Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10949-10953. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Center for Nanotechnology; Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wenting Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures; Institute of Semiconductors; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures; Institute of Semiconductors; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Kasper Nørgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
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Zhang ZY, Ji D, Mao W, Cui Y, Wang Q, Han L, Zhong H, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Nørgaard K, Li T. Dry Chemistry of Ferrate(VI): A Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Way for Versatile Green Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Center for Nanotechnology; Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Wenting Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures; Institute of Semiconductors; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures; Institute of Semiconductors; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Kasper Nørgaard
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, (Ministry of Education); Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. From Synthesis of Amino Acids and Peptides to Enzymatic Catalysis: A Bottom-Up Approach in Mechanochemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1410-1420. [PMID: 29436773 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chemical reactions induced or facilitated by mechanical energy have gained recognition in diverse areas of chemical synthesis. In particular, mechanosyntheses of amino acids and short peptides, along with their applications in catalysis, have revealed the high degree of stability of peptide bonds in environments of harsh mechanical stress. These observations quickly led to the recent interest in developing mechanochemical enzymatic reactions. Experimentally, manual grinding, ball-milling techniques, and twin-screw extrusion technology have proven valuable to convey mechanical forces into a chemical synthesis. These practices have enabled the establishment of more sustainable alternatives for chemical synthesis by reducing the use of organic solvents and waste production, thereby having a direct impact on the E-factor of the chemical process. In this Minireview, the series of events that allowed the development of mechanochemical enzymatic reactions are described from a bottom-up perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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44
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Eguaogie O, Vyle JS, Conlon PF, Gîlea MA, Liang Y. Mechanochemistry of nucleosides, nucleotides and related materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:955-970. [PMID: 29765475 PMCID: PMC5942386 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mechanical force to induce the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds is a rapidly developing field within organic chemistry which has particular value in reducing or eliminating solvent usage, enhancing reaction rates and also in enabling the preparation of products which are otherwise inaccessible under solution-phase conditions. Mechanochemistry has also found recent attention in materials chemistry and API formulation during which rearrangement of non-covalent interactions give rise to functional products. However, this has been known to nucleic acids science almost since its inception in the late nineteenth century when Miescher exploited grinding to facilitate disaggregation of DNA from tightly bound proteins through selective denaturation of the latter. Despite the wide application of ball milling to amino acid chemistry, there have been limited reports of mechanochemical transformations involving nucleoside or nucleotide substrates on preparative scales. A survey of these reactions is provided, the majority of which have used a mixer ball mill and display an almost universal requirement for liquid to be present within the grinding vessel. Mechanochemistry of charged nucleotide substrates, in particular, provides considerable benefits both in terms of efficiency (reducing total processing times from weeks to hours) and by minimising exposure to aqueous conditions, access to previously elusive materials. In the absence of large quantities of solvent and heating, side-reactions can be reduced or eliminated. The central contribution of mechanochemistry (and specifically, ball milling) to the isolation of biologically active materials derived from nuclei by grinding will also be outlined. Finally non-covalent associative processes involving nucleic acids and related materials using mechanochemistry will be described: specifically, solid solutions, cocrystals, polymorph transitions, carbon nanotube dissolution and inclusion complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Eguaogie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Joseph S Vyle
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Patrick F Conlon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Manuela A Gîlea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Yipei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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Dumeignil F, Guehl M, Gimbernat A, Capron M, Ferreira NL, Froidevaux R, Girardon JS, Wojcieszak R, Dhulster P, Delcroix D. From sequential chemoenzymatic synthesis to integrated hybrid catalysis: taking the best of both worlds to open up the scope of possibilities for a sustainable future. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01190g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here an overview of all pathways that integrate chemical and biological catalysis is presented. We emphasize the factors to be considered in order to understand catalytic synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Guehl
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Artois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damien Delcroix
- IFP Energies Nouvelles
- Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize
- France
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