1
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Clausen CM, Krysiak OA, Banko L, Pedersen JK, Schuhmann W, Ludwig A, Rossmeisl J. A Flexible Theory for Catalysis: Learning Alkaline Oxygen Reduction on Complex Solid Solutions within the Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru Composition Space. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307187. [PMID: 37534574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Compositionally complex materials such as high-entropy alloys and oxides have the potential to be efficient platforms for catalyst discovery because of the vast chemical space spanned by these novel materials. Identifying the composition of the most active catalyst materials, however, requires unraveling the descriptor-activity relationship, as experimentally screening the multitude of possible element ratios quickly becomes a daunting task. In this work, we show that inferred adsorption energy distributions of *OH and *O on complex solid solution surfaces within the space spanned by the system Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru are coupled to the experimentally observed electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. In total, the catalytic activity of 1582 alloy compositions is predicted with a cross-validated mean absolute error of 0.042 mA/cm2 by applying a theory-derived model with only two adjustable parameters. Trends in the discrepancies between predicted electrochemical performance values of the model and the measured values on thin film surfaces subsequently provide insight into the alloys' surface compositions during reaction conditions. Bridging this gap between computationally modeled and experimentally observed catalytic activities, not only reveals insight into the underlying theory of catalysis but also takes a step closer to realizing exploration and exploitation of high-entropy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Clausen
- Center for High-Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga A Krysiak
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Banko
- Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jack K Pedersen
- Center for High-Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center for High-Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Petersen AS, Jensen KD, Wan H, Bagger A, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL, Rossmeisl J, Escudero-Escribano M. Modeling Anion Poisoning during Oxygen Reduction on Pt Near-Surface Alloys. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Hao Wan
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 312, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Rd., London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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3
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Electric Double Layer: The Good, the Bad, and the Beauty. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The electric double layer (EDL) is the most important region for electrochemical and heterogeneous catalysis. Because of it, its modeling and investigation are something that can be found in the literature for a long time. However, nowadays, it is still a hot topic of investigation, mainly because of the improvement in simulation and experimental techniques. The present review aims to present the classical models for the EDL, as well as presenting how this region affects electrochemical data in everyday experimentation, how to obtain and interpret information about EDL, and, finally, how to obtain some molecular point of view insights on it.
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4
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Rao RR, Corby S, Bucci A, García-Tecedor M, Mesa CA, Rossmeisl J, Giménez S, Lloret-Fillol J, Stephens IEL, Durrant JR. Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of the Water Oxidation Mechanism on Doped Nickel Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7622-7633. [PMID: 35442661 PMCID: PMC9073940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Metal oxides and
oxyhydroxides exhibit state-of-the-art activity
for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER); however, their reaction mechanism,
particularly the relationship between charging of the oxide and OER
kinetics, remains elusive. Here, we investigate a series of Mn-, Co-,
Fe-, and Zn-doped nickel oxides using operando UV–vis
spectroscopy coupled with time-resolved stepped potential spectroelectrochemistry.
The Ni2+/Ni3+ redox peak potential is found
to shift anodically from Mn- < Co- < Fe- < Zn-doped samples,
suggesting a decrease in oxygen binding energetics from Mn- to Zn-doped
samples. At OER-relevant potentials, using optical absorption spectroscopy,
we quantitatively detect the subsequent oxidation of these redox centers.
The OER kinetics was found to have a second-order dependence on the
density of these oxidized species, suggesting a chemical rate-determining
step involving coupling of two oxo species. The intrinsic turnover
frequency per oxidized species exhibits a volcano trend with the binding
energy of oxygen on the Ni site, having a maximum activity of ∼0.05
s–1 at 300 mV overpotential for the Fe-doped sample.
Consequently, we propose that for Ni centers that bind oxygen too
strongly (Mn- and Co-doped oxides), OER kinetics is limited by O–O
coupling and oxygen desorption, while for Ni centers that bind oxygen
too weakly (Zn-doped oxides), OER kinetics is limited by the formation
of oxo groups. This study not only experimentally demonstrates the
relation between electroadsorption free energy and intrinsic kinetics
for OER on this class of materials but also highlights the critical
role of oxidized species in facilitating OER kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma R Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Sacha Corby
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alberto Bucci
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Tecedor
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University Jaume I, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Camilo A Mesa
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University Jaume I, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), University Jaume I, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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5
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Yang Y, Montserrat-Sisó G, Wickman B, Nikolaychuk PA, Soroka IL. Core-shell and heterostructured silver-nickel nanocatalysts fabricated by γ-radiation induced synthesis for oxygen reduction in alkaline media. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3604-3615. [PMID: 35147619 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To reach commercial viability for fuel cells, one needs to develop active and robust Pt-free electrocatalysts. Silver has great potential to replace Pt as the catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media due to its low cost and superior stability. However, its catalytic activity needs to be improved. One possible solution is to fabricate bimetallic nanostructures, which demonstrate a bifunctional enhancement in the electrochemical performance. Here, two types of bimetallic silver-nickel nanocatalysts, core-shells (Ag@NiO) and heterostructures (Ag/Ni), are fabricated using γ-radiation induced synthesis. The Ag@NiO nanoparticles consist of an amorphous, NiO layer as a shell and a facetted crystalline Ag particle as a core. Meanwhile, the Ag/Ni heterostructures comprise Ag particles decorated with Ni/Ni(oxy-hydro)-oxide clusters. Both materials demonstrate similar and increased alkaline ORR activity as compared to monometallic catalysts. It was revealed that the enhanced catalytic activity of the core-shells is mainly attributed to the electronic ligand effect. While in the Ag/Ni heterostructures, a lattice mismatch between the Ni-based clusters and Ag implies a significant lattice strain, which, in turn, is responsible for the increased activity of the catalyst. Also, the Ag/Ni samples exhibit good stability under operating conditions due to the existence of stable Ni3+ compounds on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gerard Montserrat-Sisó
- Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Wickman
- Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Inna L Soroka
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen S. Electrocatalytic volcano relations: surface occupation effects and rational kinetic models. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Xiao F, Wang YC, Wu ZP, Chen G, Yang F, Zhu S, Siddharth K, Kong Z, Lu A, Li JC, Zhong CJ, Zhou ZY, Shao M. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006292. [PMID: 33749011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Siddharth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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8
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High activity and durability of carbon-supported core-shell PtP @Pt/C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Clausen CM, Batchelor TAA, Pedersen JK, Rossmeisl J. What Atomic Positions Determines Reactivity of a Surface? Long-Range, Directional Ligand Effects in Metallic Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003357. [PMID: 33977047 PMCID: PMC8097360 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand and strain effects can tune the adsorption energy of key reaction intermediates on a catalyst surface to speed up rate-limiting steps of the reaction. As novel fields like high-entropy alloys emerge, understanding these effects on the atomic structure level is paramount: What atoms near the binding site determine the reactivity of the alloy surface? By statistical analysis of 2000 density functional theory calculations and subsequent host/guest calculations, it is shown that three atomic positions in the third layer of an fcc(111) metallic structure fourth-nearest to the adsorption site display significantly increased influence on reactivity over any second or third nearest atomic positions. Subsequently observed in multiple facets and host metals, the effect cannot be explained simply through the d-band model or a valence configuration model but rather by favorable directions of interaction determined by lattice geometry and the valence difference between host and guest elements. These results advance the general understanding of how the electronic interaction of different elements affect adsorbate-surface interactions and will contribute to design principles for rational catalyst discovery of better, more stable and energy efficient catalysts to be employed in energy conversion, fuel cell technologies, and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack K. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenKøbenhavn Ø2100Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenKøbenhavn Ø2100Denmark
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10
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Dix ST, Linic S. In-operando surface-sensitive probing of electrochemical reactions on nanoparticle electrocatalysts: Spectroscopic characterization of reaction intermediates and elementary steps of oxygen reduction reaction on Pt. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Zhang S, Saji SE, Yin Z, Zhang H, Du Y, Yan CH. Rare-Earth Incorporated Alloy Catalysts: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005988. [PMID: 33709501 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of metallic catalysts, alloying provides an efficient methodology to design state-of-the-art materials. As emerging functional materials, rare-earth metal compounds can integrate the unique orbital structure and catalytic behavior of rare earth elements into metallic materials. Such rare-earth containing alloy catalysts proffer an opportunity to tailor electronic properties, tune charged carrier transport, and synergize surface reactivity, which are expected to significantly improve the performance and stability of catalysis. Despite its significance, there are only few reviews on rare earth containing alloys or related topics. This review summarizes the composition, synthesis, and applications of rare earth containing alloys in the field of catalysis. Subsequent to comprehensively summarizing and constructively discussing the existing work, the challenges and possibilities of future research on rare-earth metal compound materials are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sandra Elizabeth Saji
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaping Du
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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12
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Sebastián-Pascual P, Petersen AS, Bagger A, Rossmeisl J, Escudero-Escribano M. pH and Anion Effects on Cu–Phosphate Interfaces for CO Electroreduction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Abstract
The unprecedented ability of computations to probe atomic-level details of catalytic systems holds immense promise for the fundamentals-based bottom-up design of novel heterogeneous catalysts, which are at the heart of the chemical and energy sectors of industry. Here, we critically analyze recent advances in computational heterogeneous catalysis. First, we will survey the progress in electronic structure methods and atomistic catalyst models employed, which have enabled the catalysis community to build increasingly intricate, realistic, and accurate models of the active sites of supported transition-metal catalysts. We then review developments in microkinetic modeling, specifically mean-field microkinetic models and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, which bridge the gap between nanoscale computational insights and macroscale experimental kinetics data with increasing fidelity. We finally review the advancements in theoretical methods for accelerating catalyst design and discovery. Throughout the review, we provide ample examples of applications, discuss remaining challenges, and provide our outlook for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W J Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Lu BA, Shen LF, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wan LY, Morris DJ, Wang RX, Zhou ZY, Li G, Sheng T, Gu L, Zhang P, Tian N, Sun SG. Structurally Disordered Phosphorus-Doped Pt as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for an Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-An Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin-Fan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Hydrogen Propulsion Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - David J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rui-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian Sheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Na Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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15
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Sebastián-Pascual P, Jordão Pereira I, Escudero-Escribano M. Tailored electrocatalysts by controlled electrochemical deposition and surface nanostructuring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13261-13272. [PMID: 33104137 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled electrodeposition and surface nanostructuring are very promising approaches to tailor the structure of the electrocatalyst surface, with the aim to enhance their efficiency for sustainable energy conversion reactions. In this highlight, we first summarise different strategies to modify the structure of the electrode surface at the atomic and sub-monolayer level for applications in electrocatalysis. We discuss aspects such as structure sensitivity and electronic and geometric effects in electrocatalysis. Nanostructured surfaces are finally introduced as more scalable electrocatalysts, where morphology, cluster size, shape and distribution play an essential role and can be finely tuned. Controlled electrochemical deposition and selective engineering of the surface structure are key to design more active, selective and stable electrocatalysts towards a decarbonised energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inês Jordão Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Toward Overcoming the Challenges in the Comparison of Different Pd Nanocatalysts: Case Study of the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precious metal nanoparticles, in particular palladium nanomaterials, show excellent catalytic properties and are key in the development of energy systems. For instance, ethanol fuel cells are promising devices for sustainable energy conversion, where Pd-based catalysts are key catalysts for the related ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Pd is a limited resource; thus, a remaining challenge is the development of efficient and stable Pd-based catalysts. This calls for a deeper understanding of the Pd properties at the nanoscale. This knowledge can be gained in comparative studies of different Pd nanomaterials. However, such studies remain challenging to perform and interpret due to the lack of cross-studies using the same Pd nanomaterials as a reference. Here, as-prepared sub 3 nm diameter surfactant-free Pd nanoparticles supported on carbon are obtained by a simple approach. The as-prepared catalysts with Pd loading 10 and 30 wt % show higher activity and stability compared to commercially available counterparts for the EOR. Upon electrochemical testing, a significant size increase and loss of electrochemical active surface are observed for the as-prepared catalysts, whereas the commercial samples show an increase in the electrochemically active surface area and moderate size increase. This study shines light on the challenging comparison of different catalysts across the literature. Further advancement in Pd (electro)catalyst design will gain from including self-prepared catalysts. The simple synthesis detailed easily leads to suitable nanoparticles to be used as a reference for more systematic comparative studies of Pd catalysts across the literature.
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17
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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation of Platinum–Gadolinium Thin Films with Different Stoichiometry for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alloys of platinum and lanthanides present a remarkable activity for the oxygen reduction reaction—both in the form of extended surfaces and nanoparticulate catalysts. Co-sputter-deposited thin film catalysts based on platinum and gadolinium show great oxygen reduction activity improvement over pure Pt. The sputter-deposition technique represents a viable and versatile approach for investigating model catalyst systems with different compositions. In this work, co-sputtered Pt5Gd and Pt7.5Gd thin films were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy as well as standardized electrochemical techniques. These investigations revealed the importance of forming alloys with specific stoichiometry, supporting the need of forming compressively strained Pt overlayers in order to achieve optimum catalytic performances.
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18
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Xie Y, Yang Y, Muller DA, Abruña HD, Dimitrov N, Fang J. Enhanced ORR Kinetics on Au-Doped Pt–Cu Porous Films in Alkaline Media. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nikolay Dimitrov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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19
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Operando identification of site-dependent water oxidation activity on ruthenium dioxide single-crystal surfaces. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Wan H, Jensen AW, Escudero-Escribano M, Rossmeisl J. Insights in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From Metallic Electrocatalysts to Diporphyrins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders W. Jensen
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Löffler T, Savan A, Meyer H, Meischein M, Strotkötter V, Ludwig A, Schuhmann W. Design von komplexen Mischkristall‐Elektrokatalysatoren auf Basis der Korrelation von Konfiguration, Verteilungsmustern der Adsorptionsenergie und Aktivitätskurven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Löffler
- Analytische Chemie – Zentrum für Elektrochemie (CES) Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Alan Savan
- Lehrstuhl für neue Materialien und Grenzflächen, Institut für Werkstoffe Fakultät für Maschinenbau Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Hajo Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für neue Materialien und Grenzflächen, Institut für Werkstoffe Fakultät für Maschinenbau Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Michael Meischein
- Lehrstuhl für neue Materialien und Grenzflächen, Institut für Werkstoffe Fakultät für Maschinenbau Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Valerie Strotkötter
- Lehrstuhl für neue Materialien und Grenzflächen, Institut für Werkstoffe Fakultät für Maschinenbau Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für neue Materialien und Grenzflächen, Institut für Werkstoffe Fakultät für Maschinenbau Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytische Chemie – Zentrum für Elektrochemie (CES) Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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22
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Löffler T, Savan A, Meyer H, Meischein M, Strotkötter V, Ludwig A, Schuhmann W. Design of Complex Solid-Solution Electrocatalysts by Correlating Configuration, Adsorption Energy Distribution Patterns, and Activity Curves. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5844-5850. [PMID: 31867829 PMCID: PMC7155130 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Complex solid‐solution electrocatalysts (also referred to as high‐entropy alloy) are gaining increasing interest owing to their promising properties which were only recently discovered. With the capability of forming complex single‐phase solid solutions from five or more constituents, they offer unique capabilities of fine‐tuning adsorption energies. However, the elemental complexity within the crystal structure and its effect on electrocatalytic properties is poorly understood. We discuss how addition or replacement of elements affect the adsorption energy distribution pattern and how this impacts the shape and activity of catalytic response curves. We highlight the implications of these conceptual findings on improved screening of new catalyst configurations and illustrate this strategy based on the discovery and experimental evaluation of several highly active complex solid solution nanoparticle catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Löffler
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alan Savan
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hajo Meyer
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Meischein
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Valerie Strotkötter
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Nguyën HC, Garcés-Pineda FA, de Fez-Febré M, Galán-Mascarós JR, López N. Non-redox doping boosts oxygen evolution electrocatalysis on hematite. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2464-2471. [PMID: 34084411 PMCID: PMC8157419 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the major bottleneck to develop viable and cost-effective water electrolysis, a key process in the production of renewable fuels. Hematite, all iron α-Fe2O3, would be an ideal OER catalyst in alkaline media due to its abundance and easy processing. Despite its promising theoretical potential, it has demonstrated very poor OER activity under multiple experimental conditions, significantly worse than that of Co or Ni-based oxides. In the search for improving hematite performance, we have analysed the effect of doping with redox vs. non-redox active species (Ni or Zn). Our results indicate that Zn doping clearly outperforms Ni, commonly accepted as a preferred dopant. Zn-doped hematite exhibits catalytic performances close to the state-of-the-art for alkaline water splitting: reaching 10 mA cm−2 at just 350 mV overpotential (η) at pH 13, thus twenty times that of hematite. Such a catalytic enhancement can be traced back to a dramatic change in the reaction pathway. Incorporation of Ni, as previously suggested, decreases the energetic barrier for the OER on the available centres. In contrast, Zn facilitates the appearance of a dominant and faster alternative via a two-site reaction, where the four electron oxidation reaction starts on Fe, but is completed on Zn after thermodynamically favoured proton coupled electron transfer between adjacent metal centres. This unique behaviour is prompted by the non-redox character of Zn centres, which maintain the same charge during OER. Our results open an alternative role for dopants on oxide surfaces and provide a powerful approach for catalytic optimisation of oxides, including but not limited to highly preferred all-iron oxides. The distinct beneficial effect of Zn-doping on the OER alkaline activity of Fe-based catalysts points towards an alternative and faster two-site mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Chuong Nguyën
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Felipe Andrés Garcés-Pineda
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Mabel de Fez-Febré
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain .,Departament de Quimica Fisica i Inorganica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Marcel.lí Domingo s/n Tarragona E-43007 Spain
| | - José Ramón Galán-Mascarós
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain .,ICREA Passeig Lluis Companys, 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona 43007 Spain
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24
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Kristoffersen HH, Chan K, Vegge T, Hansen HA. Energy–entropy competition in cation–hydroxyl interactions at the liquid water–Pt(111) interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:427-430. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07769c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At water–Pt(111) interfaces, cation–*OH interactions are found to consist of both internal energy stabilizations and entropy costs emphasizing the complexity of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Chan
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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25
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Jusys Z, Behm RJ. The Effect of Anions and pH on the Activity and Selectivity of an Annealed Polycrystalline Au Film Electrode in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction-Revisited. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3276-3288. [PMID: 31705610 PMCID: PMC6973112 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at a better understanding of correlations between the activity and selectivity of Au electrodes in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under controlled transport conditions, we have investigated this reaction by combined electrochemical and in situ FTIR measurements, performed in a flow cell set‐up in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration in acid and alkaline electrolytes. The formation of incomplete reduction products (hydrogen peroxyde/peroxyls) was detected by a collector electrode, the onset of OHad formation was probed by bulk CO oxidation. Using an electroless‐deposited, annealed Au film on a Si prism as working electrode and three different electrolytes for comparison (sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, sodium hydroxide solution), we could derive detailed information on the anion adsorption behavior, and could correlate this with the ORR characteristics. The data reveal pronounced effects of the anions and the pH on the ORR characteristics, indicated e. g., by a grossly different activity and selectivity for the 4‐electron pathway to water/hydroxyls, with the onset ranging from ca. 1.0 V in alkaline electrolyte to 0.6 V in sulfuric acid electrolyte, and the selectivity for the 4‐electron pathway ranging from 100 % (alkaline electrolyte, low overpotentials) to 40 % (acidic electrolytes, alkaline electrolyte at high overpotentials). In contrast, the effect of the ORR on the anion adsorption characteristics is small. Anion effects as well as correlations between anion adsorption and ORR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenonas Jusys
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - R Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Wang S, Luo Q, Zhu Y, Tang S, Du Y. Facile Synthesis of Quaternary Structurally Ordered L1 2-Pt(Fe, Co, Ni) 3 Nanoparticles with Low Content of Platinum as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17894-17902. [PMID: 31681899 PMCID: PMC6822218 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with not only prominent electrocatalytic performance but also a low amount of Pt is the urgent challenge in the popularization of fuel cells. In this work, through a facile synthetic strategy of spray dehydration on a solid surface and annealing process, we demonstrate the first manufacture of quaternary structurally ordered PtM3 (M = transition metal) intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs), Pt(Fe, Co, Ni)3, in order to lower the content of Pt. The atomic contents of Pt, Fe, Co, and Ni are equal and the chemical structure of Pt(Fe, Co, Ni)3 is a cubic L12-ordered structure. L12-Pt(Fe, Co, Ni)3/C electrocatalysts exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward ORR with mass activity (MA) 6.6 times higher than the commercial Pt/C and a minimal loss of 17% in MA and 1.5% loss in specific activity (SA) after 10 000 potential cycles at 0.9 V. Furthermore, the stability behavior is confirmed to be attributed to the coaction of particle sizes and the ordering effect. Compared with traditional Pt-based electrocatalysts in the stoichiometric forms of Pt3M and PtM, L12-Pt(Fe, Co, Ni)3 intermetallic NPs exhibit excellent performance and higher cost effectiveness. Moreover, this work also proposes a facile and effective synthetic strategy for manufacturing multicomponent Pt-based electrocatalysts for ORR.
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Li Y, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Wilkinson DP, Zhang J. Recent Progresses in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Energy Applications. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-019-00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage systems such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries can be used as clean power sources for electric vehicles. In these systems, one necessary reaction at the cathode is the catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the rate-determining factor affecting overall system performance. Therefore, to increase the rate of ORR for enhanced system performances, efficient electrocatalysts are essential. And although ORR electrocatalysts have been intensively explored and developed, significant breakthroughs have yet been achieved in terms of catalytic activity, stability, cost and associated electrochemical system performance. Based on this, this review will comprehensively present the recent progresses of ORR electrocatalysts, including precious metal catalysts, non-precious metal catalysts, single-atom catalysts and metal-free catalysts. In addition, major technical challenges are analyzed and possible future research directions to overcome these challenges are proposed to facilitate further research and development toward practical application.
Graphic Abstract
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28
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Bagger A, Arán‐Ais RM, Halldin Stenlid J, Campos dos Santos E, Arnarson L, Degn Jensen K, Escudero‐Escribano M, Roldan Cuenya B, Rossmeisl J. Ab Initio Cyclic Voltammetry on Cu(111), Cu(100) and Cu(110) in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Solutions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3096-3105. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bagger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rosa M. Arán‐Ais
- Department of Interface ScienceFritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Egon Campos dos Santos
- Departamento de Quimica, ICExUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte 31.270-901 Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Logi Arnarson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kim Degn Jensen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface ScienceFritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 Copenhagen Denmark
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29
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Liu C, Bai G, Jiao Z, Lv B, Wang Y, Tong X, Yang N. Particle size-control enables extraordinary activity of ruthenium nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotube catalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13968-13976. [PMID: 31305840 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts with high efficiency for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play a vital important role in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, Ru nanoparticles are highly dispersed on functional multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a facile impregnation-reduction method. The particle sizes of Ru nanoparticles are simply and effectively adjusted by the concentration of the Ru precursor. Benefiting from the optimal Ru particle size (2.1 nm), a large electrochemically active surface area and fast electron transport, the Ru/MWCNT catalyst shows outstanding ORR activity and durability via a four-electron pathway, producing a diffusion-limited current density of 4.7 mA cm-2 with a half-wave potential of 0.72 V (vs. RHE). Such performance is better than that of a commercial 10 wt% Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculation results reveal that the Oads adsorption on the surface of Ru increases gradually with the addition of the RuOx layer. The Ru/MWCNT catalyst with a particle size of 2.1 nm features appropriate Oads adsorption energy due to the formation of an optimal RuOx/Ru interface for the facilitation of the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Gailing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Baoying Lv
- Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Xili Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
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Wei C, Rao RR, Peng J, Huang B, Stephens IEL, Risch M, Xu ZJ, Shao-Horn Y. Recommended Practices and Benchmark Activity for Hydrogen and Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Water Splitting and Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806296. [PMID: 30656754 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage by making H2 an energy carrier from water splitting relies on four elementary reactions, i.e., the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, the central objective is to recommend systematic protocols for activity measurements of these four reactions and benchmark activities for comparison, which is critical to facilitate the research and development of catalysts with high activity and stability. Details for the electrochemical cell setup, measurements, and data analysis used to quantify the kinetics of the HER, HOR, OER, and ORR in acidic and basic solutions are provided, and examples of state-of-the-art specific and mass activity of catalysts to date are given. First, the experimental setup is discussed to provide common guidelines for these reactions, including the cell design, reference electrode selection, counter electrode concerns, and working electrode preparation. Second, experimental protocols, including data collection and processing such as ohmic- and background-correction and catalyst surface area estimation, and practice for testing and comparing different classes of catalysts are recommended. Lastly, the specific and mass activity activities of some state-of-the-art catalysts are benchmarked to facilitate the comparison of catalyst activity for these four reactions across different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Reshma R Rao
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Botao Huang
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marcel Risch
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhichuan J Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 CREATE way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @ Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, NEW-CREATE Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Techno-logical Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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31
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Garlyyev B, Fichtner J, Piqué O, Schneider O, Bandarenka AS, Calle-Vallejo F. Revealing the nature of active sites in electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8060-8075. [PMID: 31857876 PMCID: PMC6844223 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrocatalysis plays a central role in the development of sustainable, carbon-neutral pathways for energy provision and the production of various chemicals. It determines the overall efficiency of electrochemical devices that involve catalysis at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this perspective, we discuss key aspects for the identification of active centers at the surface of electrocatalysts and important factors that influence them. The role of the surface structure, nanoparticle shape/size and the electrolyte composition in the resulting catalytic performance is of particular interest in this work. We highlight challenges that from our point of view need to be tackled, and provide guidelines for the design of "real life" electrocatalysts for renewable energy provision systems as well as for the production of industrially important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batyr Garlyyev
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Johannes Fichtner
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Oriol Piqué
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain .
| | - Oliver Schneider
- Electrochemical Research Group , Technische Universität München , Schleißheimerstraße 90a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany . .,Catalysis Research Center , TUM , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Fisica , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain .
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Li Y, Qiao Z, Cao Y, Wang H, Liang H, Yu H, Peng F. Superoxide Decay Pathways in Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon-Based Catalysts Evidenced by Theoretical Calculations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1133-1138. [PMID: 30536883 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide decay behavior is evaluated by contrastive potential energy surface analyses from theoretical calculations. The presence of carbon surfaces enhances the superoxide decay through disproportionation instead of electroreduction, which is a non-electrochemical reaction that impedes the increase in energy efficiency for relevant energy conversion applications. Nitrogen doping of carbon effectively retards the disproportionation by influencing the oxygen stretching vibration and changing the proton-coupled electron transfer trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Novartis Early Career Award: K. L. Hull / Leipziger Universitätsmedaille: E. Hey‐Hawkins / Karl‐Ziegler‐Gastprofessur: K. Nozaki / Clara Immerwahr Award: M. Escudero‐Escribano / Marion Milligan Mason Awards: V. E. Ferry, S. K. Fullerton, L. C. Hsiao, H. J. Kulik, C. S. Schindler. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Novartis Early Career Award: K. L. Hull / Leipziger Universitätsmedaille: E. Hey‐Hawkins / Karl Ziegler Guest Professorship: K. Nozaki / Clara Immerwahr Award: M. Escudero‐Escribano / Marion Milligan Mason Awards: V. E. Ferry, S. K. Fullerton, L. C. Hsiao, H. J. Kulik, C. S. Schindler. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2940-2941. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuo DY, Paik H, Kloppenburg J, Faeth B, Shen KM, Schlom DG, Hautier G, Suntivich J. Measurements of Oxygen Electroadsorption Energies and Oxygen Evolution Reaction on RuO 2(110): A Discussion of the Sabatier Principle and Its Role in Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17597-17605. [PMID: 30463402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the hydroxide (OHad) and oxide (Oad) experimental electroadsorption free energies, their dependences on pH, and their correlations to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis on RuO2(110) surface. The Sabatier principle predicts that catalyst is most active when the intermediate stabilization is moderate, not too strong such that the bound intermediate disrupts the subsequent catalytic cycle, nor too weak such that the surface is ineffective. For decades, researchers have used this concept to rationalize the activity trend of many OER electrocatalysts including RuO2, which is among the state-of-the-art OER catalysts. In this article, we report an experimental assessment of the Sabatier principle by comparing the oxygen electroadsorption energy to the OER electrocatalysis for the first time on RuO2. We find that the OHad and Oad electroadsorption energies on RuO2(110) depend on pH and obey the scaling relation. However, we did not observe a direct correlation between the OHad and Oad electroadsorption energies and the OER activity in the comparative analysis that includes both RuO2(110) and IrO2(110). Our result raises a question of whether the Sabatier principle can describe highly active electrocatalysts, where the kinetic aspects may influence the electrocatalysis more strongly than the electroadsorption energy, which captures only the thermodynamics of the intermediates and not yet kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hanjong Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Jan Kloppenburg
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) , Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 , Belgium
| | - Brendan Faeth
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Kyle M Shen
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) , Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 , Belgium
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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Escudero-Escribano M, Pedersen AF, Ulrikkeholm ET, Jensen KD, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Active-Phase Formation and Stability of Gd/Pt(111) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:12280-12290. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Anders F. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elisabeth T. Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin H. Hansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Garlyyev B, Xue S, Watzele S, Scieszka D, Bandarenka AS. Influence of the Nature of the Alkali Metal Cations on the Electrical Double-Layer Capacitance of Model Pt(111) and Au(111) Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1927-1930. [PMID: 29595987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the properties of the electrical double layer (EDL) is one of the interdisciplinary topics that plays a key role in the investigation of numerous natural and artificial systems. We present experimental evidence about the influence of the nature of the alkali metal cations on the EDL capacitance for two model electrodes, Pt(111) and Au(111), in 0.05 M AMClO4 ( AM: Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) electrolytes using impedance spectroscopy measurements. Our data show that counterintuitively the differential EDL capacitance of both electrodes measured close to their potentials of zero charge increased linearly in the presence of alkali metal cations as Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+. We also estimated the effective concentrations of these cations at the EDL, which appeared ∼80 times higher than their bulk concentrations. We believe that these findings should be of importance for theoretical modeling of the EDL and better understanding and faster design of new functional systems for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batyr Garlyyev
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Song Xue
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Sebastian Watzele
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Daniel Scieszka
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physik-Department ECS , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
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Yang S, Verdaguer-Casadevall A, Arnarson L, Silvioli L, Čolić V, Frydendal R, Rossmeisl J, Chorkendorff I, Stephens IEL. Toward the Decentralized Electrochemical Production of H2O2: A Focus on the Catalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Yang
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Logi Arnarson
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Luca Silvioli
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Viktor Čolić
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Section for Surface Physics and Catalysis, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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