1
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Tay HM, Docker A, Taylor AJ, Beer PD. A Halogen Bonding [2]Rotaxane Shuttle for Chloride-Selective Optical Sensing. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400952. [PMID: 38536767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The first example of a [2]rotaxane shuttle capable of selective optical sensing of chloride anions over other halides is reported. The rotaxane was synthesised via a chloride ion template-directed cyclisation of an isophthalamide macrocycle around a multi-station axle containing peripheral naphthalene diimide (NDI) stations and a halogen bonding (XB) bis(iodotriazole) based station. Proton NMR studies indicate the macrocycle resides preferentially at the NDI stations in the free rotaxane, where it is stabilised by aromatic donor-acceptor charge transfer interactions between the axle NDI and macrocycle hydroquinone moieties. Addition of chloride ions in an aqueous-acetone solvent mixture induces macrocycle translocation to the XB anion binding station to facilitate the formation of convergent XB⋅⋅⋅Cl- and hydrogen bonding HB⋅⋅⋅Cl- interactions, which is accompanied by a reduction of the charge-transfer absorption band. Importantly, little to no optical response was induced by addition of bromide or iodide to the rotaxane, indicative of the size discriminative steric inaccessibility of the interlocked cavity to the larger halides, demonstrating the potential of using the mechanical bond effect as a potent strategy and tool in chloride-selective chemo-sensing applications in aqueous containing solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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2
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Saady A, Malcolm GK, Fitzpatrick MP, Pairault N, Tizzard GJ, Mohammed S, Tavassoli A, Goldup SM. A Platform Approach to Cleavable Macrocycles for the Controlled Disassembly of Mechanically Caged Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400344. [PMID: 38276911 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by interlocked oligonucleotides, peptides and knotted proteins, synthetic systems where a macrocycle cages a bioactive species that is "switched on" by breaking the mechanical bond have been reported. However, to date, each example uses a bespoke chemical design. Here we present a platform approach to mechanically caged structures wherein a single macrocycle precursor is diversified at a late stage to include a range of trigger units that control ring opening in response to enzymatic, chemical, or photochemical stimuli. We also demonstrate that our approach is applicable to other classes of macrocycles suitable for rotaxane and catenane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Saady
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgia K Malcolm
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew P Fitzpatrick
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Noel Pairault
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Soran Mohammed
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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3
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Wilmore JT, Beer PD. Exploiting the Mechanical Bond Effect for Enhanced Molecular Recognition and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309098. [PMID: 38174657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of charged species in biological and industrial processes has resulted in ever-increasing interest in their selective recognition, detection, and environmental remediation. Building on the established coordination chemistry principles of the chelate and macrocyclic effects, and host preorganization, supramolecular chemists seek to construct specific 3D binding cavities reminiscent of biotic systems to enhance host-guest binding affinity and selectivity. Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) present a wholly unique platform for synthetic host design, wherein topologies afforded by the mechanical bond enable the decoration of 3D cavities for non-covalent interactions with a range of target guest geometries. Notably, MIM host systems exhibit mechanical bond effect augmented affinities and selectivities for a variety of charged guest species, compared to non-interlocked acyclic and macrocycle host analogs. Furthermore, the modular nature of MIM synthesis facilitates incorporation of optical and electrochemical reporter groups, enabling fabrication of highly sensitive and specific molecular sensors. This review discusses the development of recognition and sensing MIMs, from the first reports in the late 20th century through to the present day, delineating how their topologically preorganized and dynamic host cavities enhance charged guest recognition and sensing, demonstrating the mechanical bond effect as a potent tool in future chemosensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Wilmore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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4
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Yao Y, Tse YC, Lai SKM, Shi Y, Low KH, Au-Yeung HY. Dynamic mechanostereochemical switching of a co-conformationally flexible [2]catenane controlled by specific ionic guests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1952. [PMID: 38433258 PMCID: PMC10909852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Responsive synthetic receptors for adaptive recognition of different ionic guests in a competitive environment are valuable molecular tools for not only ion sensing and transport, but also the development of ion-responsive smart materials and related technologies. By virtue of the mechanical chelation and ability to undergo large-amplitude co-conformational changes, described herein is the discovery of a chameleon-like [2]catenane that selectively binds copper(I) or sulfate ions and its associated co-conformational mechanostereochemical switching. This work highlights not only the advantages and versatility of catenane as a molecular skeleton in receptor design, but also its potential in constructing complex responsive systems with multiple inputs and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yixiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Min Tay H, Johnson TG, Docker A, Langton MJ, Beer PD. Exploiting the Catenane Mechanical Bond Effect for Selective Halide Anion Transmembrane Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312745. [PMID: 37772928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of [2]catenanes capable of selective anion transport across a lipid bilayer are reported. The neutral halogen bonding (XB) [2]catenanes were prepared via a chloride template-directed strategy in an unprecedented demonstration of using XB⋅⋅⋅anion interactions to direct catenane assembly from all-neutral components. Anion binding experiments in aqueous-organic solvent media revealed strong halide over oxoanion selectivity, and a marked enhancement in the chloride and bromide affinities of the catenanes relative to their constituent macrocycles. The catenanes additionally displayed an anti-Hofmeister binding preference for bromide over the larger iodide anion, illustrating the efficacy of employing sigma-hole interactions in conjunction with the mechanical bond effect to tune receptor selectivity. Transmembrane anion transport studies conducted in POPC LUVs revealed that the catenanes were more effective anion transporters than the constituent macrocycles, with high chloride over hydroxide selectivity, which is critical to potential therapeutic applications of anionophores. Remarkably these outperform existing acyclic halogen bonding anionophores with regards to this selectivity. Record chloride over nitrate anion transport selectivity was also observed. This represents a rare example of the direct translation of intrinsic anion binding affinities to anion transport behaviour, and demonstrates the key role of the catenane mechanical bond effect for enhanced anion transport selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Toby G Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Langton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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6
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Arun A, Docker A, Min Tay H, Beer PD. Squaramide-Based Heteroditopic [2]Rotaxanes for Sodium Halide Ion-Pair Recognition. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301446. [PMID: 37300836 PMCID: PMC10946609 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of squaramide-based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes consisting of isophthalamide macrocycle and squaramide axle components are synthesized using an alkali metal cation template-directed stoppering methodology. This work highlights the unprecedented sodium cation template coordination of the Lewis basic squaramide carbonyls for interlocked structure synthesis. Extensive quantitative 1 H NMR spectroscopic anion and ion-pair recognition studies reveal the [2]rotaxane hosts are capable of cooperative sodium halide ion-pair mechanical bond axle-macrocycle component recognition, eliciting up to 20-fold enhancements in binding strengths for bromide and iodide, wherein the Lewis basic carbonyls and Lewis acidic NH hydrogen bond donors of the squaramide axle motif operate as cation and anion receptive sites simultaneously in an ambidentate fashion. Notably, varying the length and nature of the polyether cation binding unit of the macrocycle component dramatically influences the ion-pair binding affinities of the [2]rotaxanes, even overcoming direct contact NaCl ion-pair binding modes in polar organic solvents. Furthermore, the cooperative ion-pair binding properties of the squaramide-based heteroditopic [2]rotaxanes are exploited to successfully extract solid sodium halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Arun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
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7
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Wilmore JT, Cheong Tse Y, Docker A, Whitehead C, Williams CK, Beer PD. Dynamic Metalloporphyrin-Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300608. [PMID: 36929530 PMCID: PMC10947143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis-functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1 H NMR and quantitative UV-Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter-component co-ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a 'resting state' co-conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post-synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free-base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T. Wilmore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Caspar Whitehead
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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8
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Tay HM, Tse YC, Docker A, Gateley C, Thompson AL, Kuhn H, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Heteroditopic [2]Catenanes for Recognition of Alkali Metal/Halide Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214785. [PMID: 36440816 PMCID: PMC10108176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of halogen bonding (XB) heteroditopic homo[2]catenanes were prepared by discrete Na+ template-directed assembly of oligo(ethylene glycol) units derived from XB donor-containing macrocycles and acyclic bis-azide precursors, followed by a CuI -mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclisation reaction. Extensive 1 H NMR spectroscopic studies show the [2]catenane hosts exhibit positive cooperative ion-pair recognition behaviour, wherein XB-mediated halide recognition is enhanced by alkali metal cation pre-complexation. Notably, subtle changes in the catenanes' oligo(ethylene glycol) chain length dramatically alters their ion-binding affinity, stoichiometry, complexation mode, and conformational dynamics. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence for competing host-separated and direct-contact ion-pair binding modes. We further demonstrate the [2]catenanes are capable of extracting solid alkali-metal halide salts into organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christian Gateley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Heike Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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9
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Wagay SA, Khan L, Ali R. Recent Advancements in Ion-Pair Receptors. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201080. [PMID: 36412231 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-covalent chemistry has introduced various promising artificial receptors and revolutionized the host-guest chemistry. These versatile receptors have particularly been entertained in sensing and recognizing of diverse neutral molecules and/or ionic entities (e. g. anions, cations and ion-pair) of particular interest. Notably, supramolecular chemistry had given birth to a plethora of important molecules, explored in the chemical, biological, environmental, and pharmacological world to resolve the critical issues related to the human health while keeping environmental concerns in mind. Amongst the various types of supramolecular monotopic receptors (anions, cations, and neutral molecules), heteroditopic receptors (ion-pair receptors) consisting of distinct binding sites in one system for both cation and anion, have gained much interest from the scientific community in recent past because of their unique binding abilities. Interestingly, these promising artificial receptors have shown potential applications in sensing, recognition, transport and extraction processes besides their uses in salt/waste purification. Bearing the importance of these systems in mind, we intended to report the recent developments in ion-pair chemistry. Herein, we divided the whole document into three main sections; first one describes the introduction and history of the ion-pairs receptors. The second portion highlights the synthesis and applications of ion-pair receptors in sensing, recognition, molecular machines, photoswitching behaviour, extraction and transport properties, whereas the last part of this manuscript provides concluding remarks as well as future prospects of ion-pair receptors. We hope that this manuscript will be helpful to stimulating researchers around the globe to find out the hidden opportunities in this and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieq Ahmad Wagay
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Lubna Khan
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, 110025, India
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10
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Jinks M, Howard M, Rizzi F, Goldup SM, Burnett AD, Wilson AJ. Direct Detection of Hydrogen Bonds in Supramolecular Systems Using 1H- 15N Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23127-23133. [PMID: 36508201 PMCID: PMC9782782 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular systems are usually characterized in solution through analysis of NMR data such as complexation-induced shifts and nuclear Overhauser effects (nOe). Routine direct detection of hydrogen bonding particularly in multicomponent mixtures, even with the aid of 2D NMR experiments for full assignment, is more challenging. We describe an elementary rapid 1H-15N HMQC NMR experiment which addresses these challenges without the need for complex pulse sequences. Under readily accessible conditions (243/263 K, 50 mM solutions) and natural 15N abundance, unambiguous assignment of 15N resonances facilitates direct detection of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in mechanically interlocked structures and quadruply hydrogen-bonded dimers─of dialkylaminoureidopyrimidinones, ureidopyrimidinones, and diamidonaphthyridines─in single or multicomponent mixtures to establish tautomeric configuration, conformation, and, to resolve self-sorted speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
A. Jinks
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Mark Howard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 2BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 2BJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Burnett
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Astbury
Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,
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11
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Wu CH, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Hue BTB, Lin HC. Designs and Applications of Multi-stimuli Responsive FRET Processes in AIEgen-Functionalized and Bi-fluorophoric Supramolecular Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:2. [PMID: 36495421 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Materials capable of displaying strong ratiometric fluorescence with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes have attracted much research interest because of various chemosensor and biomedical applications. This review highlights several popular strategies in designing FRET-OFF/ON mechanisms of ratiometric fluorescence systems. In particular, the developments of organic and polymeric FRET materials featuring aggregation-induced emission-based luminogens (AIEgens), supramolecular assemblies, photochromic molecular switches and surfactant-induced AIE/FRET mechanisms are presented. AIEgens have been frequently employed as FRET donor and/or acceptor fluorophores to obtain enhanced ratiometric fluorescences in solution and solid states. Since AIE effects and FRET processes rely on controllable distances between fluorophores, many interesting fluorescent properties can be designed by regulating aggregation states in polymers and supramolecular systems. Photo-switchable fluorophores, such as spiropyran and diarylethene, provide drastic changes in fluorescence spectra upon photo-induced isomerizations, leading to photo-switching mechanisms to activate/deactivate FRET processes. Supramolecular assemblies offer versatile platforms to regulate responsive FRET processes effectively. In rotaxane structures, the donor-acceptor distance and FRET efficiency can be tuned by acid/base-controlled shuttling of the macrocycle component. The tunable supramolecular interactions are strongly influenced by external factors (such as pH values, temperatures, analytes, surfactants, UV-visible lights, etc.), which induce the assembly and disassembly of host-guest systems and thus their FRET-ON/FRET-OFF behavior. In addition, the changes in donor or acceptor fluorescence profiles upon detections of analytes can also sufficiently alter the FRET behavior and result in different ratiometric fluorescence outputs. The strategies and examples provided in this review offer the insights and toolkits for future FRET-based material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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12
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Munasinghe VK, Pancholi J, Manawadu D, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Mechanical Bond Enhanced Lithium Halide Ion‐Pair Binding by Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Rotaxanes**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201209. [PMID: 35621330 PMCID: PMC9541756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vihanga K. Munasinghe
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Dilhan Manawadu
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford OX13QZ UK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX13TA UK
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13
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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14
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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15
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Docker A, Stevens JG, Beer PD. Halogen Bonding Heteroditopic Materials for Cooperative Sodium Iodide Binding and Extraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:14600-14604. [PMID: 34520586 PMCID: PMC8596695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel heteroditopic halogen bonding (XB) receptor functionalised silica based materials, containing mono- and bis-iodotriazole benzo-15-crown-5 groups are investigated for the cooperative binding and extraction of sodium halide ion-pair species from aqueous solution. Characterisation of the XB materials by CHN elemental analysis, 13 C CP/MAS NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies confirms and quantifies the successful incorporation of the ion-pair receptor frameworks to the silica material. ICP-MS solid-liquid extraction studies demonstrate the bidentate XB functionalised material is capable of NaI extraction from water. Importantly, cooperative XB-mediated sodium halide ion-pair binding is determined to be crucial to the material's extraction capabilities, impressively demonstrating a two-fold enhancement in sodium iodide extraction efficiency relative to a heteroditopic hydrogen bonding receptor functionalised silica material analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA
| | - James G Stevens
- Johnson Matthey, Blount's Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA
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16
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Cheong Tse Y, Hein R, Mitchell EJ, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Strapped Porphyrin BODIPY Rotaxanes for Dual Optical and Electrochemical Anion Sensing. Chemistry 2021; 27:14550-14559. [PMID: 34319624 PMCID: PMC8596797 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Anion receptors employing two distinct sensory mechanisms are rare. Herein, we report the first examples of halogen-bonding porphyrin BODIPY [2]rotaxanes capable of both fluorescent and redox electrochemical sensing of anions. 1 H NMR, UV/visible and electrochemical studies revealed rotaxane axle triazole group coordination to the zinc(II) metalloporphyrin-containing macrocycle component, serves to preorganise the rotaxane binding cavity and dramatically enhances anion binding affinities. Mechanically bonded, integrated-axle BODIPY and macrocycle strapped metalloporphyrin motifs enable the anion recognition event to be sensed by the significant quenching of the BODIPY fluorophore and cathodic perturbations of the metalloporphyrin P/P+. redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Cheong Tse
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Robert Hein
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edward J. Mitchell
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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17
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Otteson CE, Levinn CM, Van Raden JM, Pluth MD, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxane Design to Enhance the Selectivity of Reaction-Based Probes: A Proof-of-Principle Study. Org Lett 2021; 23:4608-4612. [PMID: 34061551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical interlocking of a nanohoop fluorophore and a reactive thread couples the benefits of a reaction-based probe with a sterically congested active site for enhanced selectivity. Advantageously, the thread design uses dual function stoppers that act as both a quencher and a trigger for sensing. In progress toward expanding this approach to biologically relevant analytes, this system is used to demonstrate steric differentiation and provide a selective turn-on fluorescent response with size selectivity for HS- rather than larger thiolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Carolyn M Levinn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Jeff M Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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18
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Yu S, Kupryakov A, Lewis JEM, Martí-Centelles V, Goldup SM, Pozzo JL, Jonusauskas G, McClenaghan ND. Damming an electronic energy reservoir: ion-regulated electronic energy shuttling in a [2]rotaxane. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9196-9200. [PMID: 34276950 PMCID: PMC8261707 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the first example of bidirectional reversible electronic energy transfer (REET) between the mechanically bonded components of a rotaxane. Our prototypical system was designed such that photoexcitation of a chromophore in the axle results in temporary storage of electronic energy in a quasi-isoenergetic “reservoir” chromophore in the macrocycle. Over time, the emissive state of the axle is repopulated from this reservoir, resulting in long-lived, delayed luminescence. Importantly, we show that cation binding in the cavity formed by the mechanical bond perturbs the axle chromophore energy levels, modulating the REET process, and ultimately providing a luminescence read-out of cation binding. Modulation of REET processes represents an unexplored mechanism in luminescent molecular sensor development. Delayed emission due to reversible electronic energy transfer (REET) between chromophores in the axle and macrocycle components of a rotaxane is demonstrated. The REET process can be modulated by metal ion binding in the cavity of the rotaxane.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Yu
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, University of Bordeaux/CNRS Talence France .,Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Arkady Kupryakov
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux/CNRS Talence France
| | - James E M Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK .,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Stephen M Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jean-Luc Pozzo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, University of Bordeaux/CNRS Talence France
| | - Gediminas Jonusauskas
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux/CNRS Talence France
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19
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20
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Rajamalli P, Rizzi F, Li W, Jinks MA, Gupta AK, Laidlaw BA, Samuel IDW, Penfold TJ, Goldup SM, Zysman‐Colman E. Using the Mechanical Bond to Tune the Performance of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12066-12073. [PMID: 33666324 PMCID: PMC8251797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization of rotaxanes based on a carbazole-benzophenone thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminophore. We find that the mechanical bond leads to an improvement in key photophysical properties of the emitter, notably an increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and a decrease in the energy difference between singlet and triplet states, as well as fine tuning of the emission wavelength, a feat that is difficult to achieve when using covalently bound substituents. Computational simulations, supported by X-ray crystallography, suggest that this tuning of properties occurs due to weak interactions between the axle and the macrocycle that are enforced by the mechanical bond. This work highlights the benefits of using the mechanical bond to refine existing luminophores, providing a new avenue for emitter optimization that can ultimately increase the performance of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachaiyappan Rajamalli
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Materials Research CentreIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore560012India
| | - Federica Rizzi
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Michael A. Jinks
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Beth A. Laidlaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9SSUK
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | | | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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21
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Rajamalli P, Rizzi F, Li W, Jinks MA, Gupta AK, Laidlaw BA, Samuel IDW, Penfold TJ, Goldup SM, Zysman‐Colman E. Using the Mechanical Bond to Tune the Performance of a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pachaiyappan Rajamalli
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Michael A. Jinks
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Beth A. Laidlaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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22
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Gualandi L, Franchi P, Mezzina E, Goldup SM, Lucarini M. Spin-labelled mechanically interlocked molecules as models for the interpretation of biradical EPR spectra. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8385-8393. [PMID: 34221319 PMCID: PMC8221063 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biradical spin probes can provide detailed information about the distances between molecules/regions of molecules because the through-space coupling of radical centres, characterised by J, is strongly distance dependent. However, if the system can adopt multiple configurations, as is common in supramolecular complexes, the shape of the EPR spectrum is influenced not only by J but also the rate of exchange between different states. In practice, it is often hard to separate these variables and as a result, the effect of the latter is sometimes overlooked. To demonstrate this challenge unequivocally we synthesised rotaxane biradicals containing nitronyl nitroxide units at the termini of their axles. The rotaxanes exchange between the available biradical conformations more slowly than the corresponding non-interlocked axles but, despite this, in some cases, the EPR spectra of the axle and rotaxane remain remarkably similar. Detailed analysis allowed us to demonstrate that the similar EPR spectral shapes result from different combinations of J and rates of conformational interconversion, a phenomenon suggested theoretically more than 50 years ago. This work reinforces the idea that thorough analysis must be performed when interpreting the spectra of biradicals employed as spin probes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Via San Giacomo 11 Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Franchi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Via San Giacomo 11 Bologna Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mezzina
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Via San Giacomo 11 Bologna Italy
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton University Road, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Via San Giacomo 11 Bologna Italy
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23
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Docker A, Bunchuay T, Ahrens M, Martinez‐Martinez AJ, Beer PD. Chalcogen Bonding Ion‐Pair Cryptand Host Discrimination of Potassium Halide Salts. Chemistry 2021; 27:7837-7841. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) Faculty of Science Mahidol University 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Michael Ahrens
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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24
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McConnell AJ, Docker A, Beer PD. From Heteroditopic to Multitopic Receptors for Ion-Pair Recognition: Advances in Receptor Design and Applications. Chempluschem 2021; 85:1824-1841. [PMID: 32833334 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion-pair recognition has emerged from cation and anion recognition and become a diverse and active field in its own right. The last decade has seen significant advances in receptor design in terms of the types of binding motifs, understanding of cooperativity and increase in complexity from heteroditopic to multitopic receptors. As a result, attention has turned to applying this knowledge to the rational design of ion-pair receptors for applications in salt solubilisation and extraction, membrane transport and sensing. This Review highlights recent progress and developments in the design and applications of heteroditopic and multitopic receptors for ion-pair recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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25
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Guo C, Sedgwick AC, Hirao T, Sessler JL. Supramolecular Fluorescent Sensors: An Historical Overview and Update. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213560. [PMID: 34108734 PMCID: PMC8184024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since as early as 1867, molecular sensors have been recognized as being intelligent "devices" capable of addressing a variety of issues related to our environment and health (e.g., the detection of toxic pollutants or disease-related biomarkers). In this review, we focus on fluorescence-based sensors that incorporate supramolecular chemistry to achieve a desired sensing outcome. The goal is to provide an illustrative overview, rather than a comprehensive listing of all that has been done in the field. We will thus summarize early work devoted to the development of supramolecular fluorescent sensors and provide an update on recent advances in the area (mostly from 2018 onward). A particular emphasis will be placed on design strategies that may be exploited for analyte sensing and corresponding molecular platforms. Supramolecular approaches considered include, inter alia, binding-based sensing (BBS) and indicator displacement assays (IDAs). Because it has traditionally received less treatment, many of the illustrative examples chosen will involve anion sensing. Finally, this review will also include our perspectives on the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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26
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Bej S, Nandi M, Ghosh P. A Cd(ii) and Zn(ii) selective naphthyl based [2]rotaxane acts as an exclusive Zn(ii) sensor upon further functionalization with pyrene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:294-303. [PMID: 33300925 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new multi-functional [2]rotaxane, ROTX, has been synthesized via a Cu(i) catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction between Ni(ii) templated azide terminated pseudorotaxane composed of a naphthalene based heteroditopic wheel, NaphMC, and an alkyne terminated stopper. Subsequently, ROTX has been functionalized with pyrene moieties to develop a bifluorophoric [2]rotaxane, PYROTX, having naphthalene and pyrene moieties. Detailed characterization of these two rotaxanes is performed by utilizing several techniques such as ESI-MS, (1D and 2D) NMR, UV/Vis and PL studies. Comparative metal ion sensing studies of NaphMC (a fluorophoric cyclic receptor), ROTX ([2]rotaxane with a naphthyl fluorophore) and PYROTX ([2]rotaxane having naphthyl and pyrene fluorophores) have been performed to determine the effect of dimensionality/functionalization on the metal ion selectivity. Although NaphMC fails to discriminate between metal ions, ROTX serves as a selective sensor for Zn(ii) and Cd(ii). Importantly, PYROTX shows exclusive selectivity towards Zn(ii) over various transition, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions including Cd(ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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27
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Sato H, Tsukamoto T, Sogawa H, Kuwata S, Takata T. Ruthenium macrocycles bearing pyridine bis(carboxamide): synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity for hydrosilylation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes Ru(MC33)(CO)n(L)2−n (L = H2O, PPh3, P(OEt)3; n = 1, 2) with a pincer-type macrocyclic ligand MC33 with a cavity were synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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28
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Iwamoto T, Miyagawa S, Naito M, Tokunaga Y. Orientation of the α-CD component of [2]rotaxanes affects their specific molecular recognition behaviour. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An α-CD component enhanced the anion recognition ability of the urea moiety and the deprotonation of the phenol moiety in the axle component in orientationally isomeric [2]rotaxanes with the OH groups on the wide rim of the α-CD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Bunkyo
- Japan
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29
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Knighton RC, Beer PD. Sodium cation-templated synthesis of an ion-pair binding heteroditopic [2]catenane. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel method utilising sodium cation templation between a pyridinium bridged calix[4]diquinone macrocycle and a pyridine-N-oxide functionalised macrocycle precursor motif is used for the construction of a mechanically interlocked ion-pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Knighton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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30
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Tay HM, Beer P. Optical sensing of anions by macrocyclic and interlocked hosts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4652-4677. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises recent developments in the use of macrocyclic and mechanically-interlocked host molecules as optical sensors for anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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31
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Knighton RC, Dapin S, Beer PD. Luminescent Anion Sensing by Transition-Metal Dipyridylbenzene Complexes Incorporated into Acyclic, Macrocyclic and Interlocked Hosts. Chemistry 2020; 26:5288-5296. [PMID: 32130744 PMCID: PMC7216984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel acyclic, macrocyclic and mechanically interlocked luminescent anion sensors have been prepared by incorporation of the isophthalamide motif into dipyridylbenzene to obtain cyclometallated complexes of platinum(II) and ruthenium(II). Both the acyclic and macrocyclic derivatives 7⋅Pt, 7⋅Ru⋅PF6 , 10⋅Pt and 10⋅Ru⋅PF6 are effective sensors for a range of halides and oxoanions. The near-infra red emitting ruthenium congeners exhibited an increased binding strength compared to platinum due to the cationic charge and thus additional electrostatic interactions. Intramolecular hydrogen-bonding between the dipyridylbenzene ligand and the amide carbonyls increases the preorganisation of both acyclic and macrocyclic metal derivatives resulting in no discernible macrocyclic effect. Interlocked analogues were also prepared, and preliminary luminescent chloride anion spectrometric titrations with 12⋅Ru⋅(PF6 )2 demonstrate a marked increase in halide binding affinity due to the complementary chloride binding pocket of the [2]rotaxane. 1 H NMR binding titrations indicate the interlocked dicationic receptor is capable of chloride recognition even in competitive 30 % aqueous mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Dapin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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32
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Acevedo-Jake A, Ball AT, Galli M, Kukwikila M, Denis M, Singleton DG, Tavassoli A, Goldup SM. AT-CuAAC Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5985-5990. [PMID: 32155338 PMCID: PMC8016193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple strategy for the synthesis of main chain oligonucleotide rotaxanes with precise control over the position of the macrocycle. The novel DNA-based rotaxanes were analyzed to assess the effect of the mechanical bond on their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew T. Ball
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mikiembo Kukwikila
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Daniel G. Singleton
- ATDBio
Ltd, School of Chemistry, University of
Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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33
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34
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Santra S, Ghosh P. Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes: post-synthetic functionalization, conformational fluxionality and metal ion chelation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophoric [2]rotaxanes form an exciplex upon interpenetration and the exciplex signals are used to monitor the chelation properties of the interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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35
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Zhou W, Chen Y, Dai X, Zhang HY, Liu Y. Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Polypseudorotaxane for Enhanced Lanthanide Luminescence Behavior in Water. Org Lett 2019; 21:9363-9367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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36
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37
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Van Raden JM, White BM, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7341-7345. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Brittany M. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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38
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Van Raden JM, White BM, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Brittany M. White
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science InstituteUniversity of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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39
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template-Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3875-3879. [PMID: 30600892 PMCID: PMC6589916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the unexpected discovery of a tandem active template CuAAC-rearrangement process, in which N2 is extruded on the way to the 1,2,3-triazole product to give instead acrylamide rotaxanes. Mechanistic investigations suggest this process is dictated by the mechanical bond, which stabilizes the CuI -triazolide intermediate of the CuAAC reaction and diverts it down the rearrangement pathway; when no mechanical bond is formed, the CuAAC product is isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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40
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Klein HA, Beer PD. Iodide Discrimination by Tetra-Iodotriazole Halogen Bonding Interlocked Hosts. Chemistry 2019; 25:3125-3130. [PMID: 30624821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Whilst the exploitation of interlocked host frameworks for anion recognition is widely established, examples incorporating halogen bond donor groups are still relatively rare. Through the integration of a novel tetra(iodotriazole)-pyridinium motif into macrocycle and axle components, a family of halogen bonding catenane and rotaxanes are constructed for anion recognition studies in a competitive aqueous-organic solvent mixture. Importantly, the degree of anion selectivity displayed is dictated by the topological nature and charged state of the respective interlocked host cavity. All the interlocked hosts exhibit iodide anion selectivity over other halides and sulfate, with the level of discrimination being the greatest with the mono-cationic rotaxane. Arising from greater electrostatic interactions working in tandem with halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding, the di-cationic rotaxane displays stronger anion association at the expense of a relatively lower degree of iodide selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Klein
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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41
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Modicom F, Jamieson EMG, Rochette E, Goldup SM. Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond: A Tandem Active Template‐Rearrangement Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Elise Rochette
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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42
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Lei Y, Shen L, Liu JR, Jiao T, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tong L, Hong X, Pan Y, Li H. A diquat-containing macrocyclic anion acceptor in pure water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8297-8300. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A self-assembled diquat-containing tetracationic macrocycle is obtained in a high yield, which demonstrates its anion recognition ability in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Libo Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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43
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14806-14810. [PMID: 30253008 PMCID: PMC6220991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral interlocked molecules in which the mechanical bond provides the sole stereogenic unit are typically produced with no control over the mechanical stereochemistry. Here we report a stereoselective approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in up to 98:2 d.r. using a readily available α-amino acid-derived azide. Symmetrization of the covalent stereocenter yields a rotaxane in which the mechanical bond provides the only stereogenic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton, HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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44
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Jinks MA, de Juan A, Denis M, Fletcher CJ, Galli M, Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Zhang Z, Goldup SM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Jinks
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Alberto de Juan
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | | | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry; University of Southampton, Highfield; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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45
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Denis M, Qin L, Turner P, Jolliffe KA, Goldup SM. A Fluorescent Ditopic Rotaxane Ion-Pair Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5315-5319. [PMID: 29393993 PMCID: PMC5947583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a rotaxane based on a simple urea motif that binds Cl- selectively as a separated ion pair with H+ and reports the anion binding event through a fluorescence switch-on response. The host selectively binds Cl- over more basic anions, which deprotonate the framework, and less basic anions, which bind more weakly. The mechanical bond also imparts size selectivity to the ditopic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Lei Qin
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
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46
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Denis M, Pancholi J, Jobe K, Watkinson M, Goldup SM. Chelating Rotaxane Ligands as Fluorescent Sensors for Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5310-5314. [PMID: 29537728 PMCID: PMC5947674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-ion-binding interlocked molecules have been under intense investigation for over three decades, their application as scaffolds for the development of sensors for metal ions remains underexplored. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of simple rotaxanes as metal-ion-responsive ligand scaffolds through the development of a proof-of-concept selective sensor for Zn2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Denis
- ChemistryUniversity of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Jessica Pancholi
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Kajally Jobe
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Michael Watkinson
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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47
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Lewis JEM, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Efficient Multicomponent Active Template Synthesis of Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4787-4791. [PMID: 29558129 PMCID: PMC5916464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and high yielding active template synthesis of [2]catenanes. In addition to mechanical bond formation using a single premacrocycle bearing an azide and alkyne moiety, our method is also suitable for the co-macrocyclization of readily available bis-alkyne and bis-azide comonomers and even short alkyne/azide components which oligomerize prior to mechanical bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Highfield , Southampton SO17 1BJ , United Kingdom
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48
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Jin WH, Xu TY, Qu DH, Tian H. Bistable [2]rotaxane encoding an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system including white-light emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10642-10645. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By combining a rotaxane-type molecular switch and traditional fluorescent switch, an orthogonally tunable fluorescent molecular system was constructed, which can generate multicolor fluorescence including white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei-Hang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tian-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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