1
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Trenerry MJ, Bailey GA. Ditopic ligand effects on solution structure and redox chemistry in discrete [Cu 12S 6] clusters with labile Cu-S bonds. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16048-16057. [PMID: 39078277 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Copper chalcogenide nanoclusters (Cu-S/Se/Te NCs) are a broad and diverse class of atomically precise nanomaterials that have historically been studied for potential applications in luminescent devices and sensors, and for their beautiful, mineral-like crystal structures. By the "cluster-surface" analogy, Cu-S/Se NCs are prime candidates for the development of nanoscale multimetallic catalysts with atomic precision. However, the majority of studies conducted to date have focused exclusively on their solid-state structures and physical properties, leaving open questions as to their solution stability, dynamics, and reactivity. Herein, we report the first detailed interrogation of solution structure, dynamics, electrochemistry, and decomposition of Cu-S NCs. Specifically, we report the detailed NMR spectroscopy, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, MALDI mass spectrometry, electrochemical and stoichiometric redox reactivity studies, and DFT studies of a series of [Cu12S6] clusters with labile Cu-S bonds supported by monodentate phosphines and ditopic bis(diphenylphosphino)alkane ligands PPh2R (R = Et, -(CH2)5-, -(CH2)8-). We find that the ligand binding topology dictates the extent of speciation in solution, with complete stability being afforded by the longer octane chelate in dppo (1,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)octane) according to 1H and DOSY NMR and MALDI-MS studies. Furthermore, a combined electrochemical and computational investigation of [Cu12S6(dppo)4] reveals that the intact [Cu12S6] core undergoes a quasireversible one-electron oxidation at mild applied potentials ([Cu12S6]0/+: -0.50 V vs. Fc0/+). In contrast, prolonged air exposure or treatment with chemical oxidants results in cluster degradation with S atom extrusion as phosphine sulfide byproducts. This work adds critical new dimensions to the stabilization and study of atomically precise metal chalcogenide NCs with labile M-S/Se bonds, and demonstrates both progress and challenges in controlling the solution behaviour and redox chemistry of phosphine-supported copper chalcogenide nanoclusters.
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2
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Song M, Alavi A, Li Manni G. Permutation symmetry in spin-adapted many-body wave functions. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39158096 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In the domain of exchange-coupled polynuclear transition-metal (PNTM) clusters, local emergent symmetries exist which can be exploited to greatly increase the sparsity of the configuration interaction (CI) eigensolutions of such systems. Sparsity of the CI secular problem is revealed by exploring the site permutation space within spin-adapted many-body bases, and highly compressed wave functions may arise by finding optimal site orderings. However, the factorial cost of searching through the permutation space remains a bottleneck for clusters with a large number of metal centers. In this work, we explore ways to reduce the factorial scaling, by combining permutation and point group symmetry arguments, and using commutation relations between cumulative partial spin and the Hamiltonian operators, . Certain site orderings lead to commuting operators, from which more sparse wave functions arise. Two graphical strategies will be discussed, one to rapidly evaluate the commutators of interest, and one in the form of a tree search algorithm to predict how many and which distinct site permutations are to be analyzed, eliminating redundancies in the permutation space. Particularly interesting is the case of the singlet spin states for which an additional reversal symmetry can be utilized to further reduce the number of distinct site permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maru Song
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ali Alavi
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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3
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Ren Z, Zhang F, Kang W, Wang C, Shin H, Zeng X, Gunawardana S, Bowatte K, Krauß N, Lamparter T, Yang X. Spin-Coupled Electron Densities of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Imaged by In Situ Serial Laue Diffraction. Chem 2024; 10:2103-2130. [PMID: 39170732 PMCID: PMC11335340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are inorganic cofactors found in many proteins involved in fundamental biological processes. The prokaryotic DNA repair photolyase PhrB carries a four-iron-four-sulfur cluster ([4Fe4S]) in addition to the catalytic flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a second cofactor ribolumazine. Our recent study suggested that the [4Fe4S] cluster functions as an electron cache to coordinate two interdependent photoreactions of the FAD and ribolumazine. Here we report the crystallography observations of light-induced responses in PhrB using the cryo-trapping method and in situ serial Laue diffraction at room temperature. We capture strong signals that depict electron density changes arising from quantized electronic movements in the [4Fe4S] cluster. Our data reveal the mixed valence layers of the [4Fe4S] cluster due to spin coupling and their dynamic responses to light-induced redox changes. The quantum effects imaged by decomposition of electron density changes have shed light on the emerging roles of metal clusters in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Renz Research, Inc., Westmont, IL 60559, USA
- Lead contact
| | - Fan Zhang
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Weijia Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Heewhan Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Semini Gunawardana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kalinga Bowatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Norbert Krauß
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tilman Lamparter
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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4
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Grunwald L, Abbott DF, Mougel V. Gauging Iron-Sulfur Cubane Reactivity from Covalency: Trends with Oxidation State. JACS AU 2024; 4:1315-1322. [PMID: 38665672 PMCID: PMC11040707 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigated room-temperature metal and ligand K-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) spectra of a complete redox series of cubane-type iron-sulfur clusters. The Fe K-edge position provides a qualitative but convenient alternative to the traditional spectroscopic descriptors used to identify oxidation states in these systems, which we demonstrate by providing a calibration curve based on two analytic methods. Furthermore, high energy resolution fluorescence detected XAS (HERFD-XAS) at the S K-edge was used to measure Fe-S bond covalencies and record their variation with the average valence of the Fe atoms. While the Fe-S(thiolate) covalency evolves linearly, gaining 11 ± 0.4% per bond and hole, the Fe-S(μ3) covalency evolves asystematically, reflecting changes in the magnetic exchange mechanism. A strong discontinuity manifested for superoxidation to the all-ferric state, distinguishing its electronic structure and its potential (bio)chemical role from those of its redox congeners. We highlight the functional implications of these trends for the reactivity of iron-sulfur cubanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Grunwald
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F. Abbott
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Wang ZK, Du MH, Braunstein P, Lang JP. A Cut-to-Link Strategy for Cubane-Based Heterometallic Sulfide Clusters with Giant Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9982-9987. [PMID: 37126789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of low-dimensional metal sulfides by assembling cluster-based units is expected to promote the development of optical materials and models of enzyme active centers such as dinitrogenase, it is faced with limited assembly methodology. Herein we present a cut-to-link strategy to generate high-nuclearity assemblies, inspired by the formation of a Z-type dimer of the W-S-Cu analogues of PN cluster through in situ release of active linkers. Four new compounds with structures based on the same {Tp*WS3Cu3} incomplete cubane-like units were obtained using varied combinations of mild reagents. Open-aperture Z-scan measurements demonstrated the highest-nuclearity complex has the largest nonlinear optical absorption coefficient among discrete cluster-based materials reported to date. This approach enables building high-nuclearity metal sulfide clusters through cluster-based building blocks and opens a way to the design and exploration of materials based on well-identified building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-Hao Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Ren Z, Zhang F, Kang W, Wang C, Shin H, Zeng X, Gunawardana S, Bowatte K, Krau Ü N, Lamparter T, Yang X. Spin-Coupled Electron Densities of Iron-Sulfur Cluster Imaged by In Situ Serial Laue Diffraction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523341. [PMID: 36711581 PMCID: PMC9882091 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are inorganic cofactors found in many proteins involved in fundamental biological processes including DNA processing. The prokaryotic DNA repair enzyme PhrB, a member of the protein family of cryptochromes and photolyases, carries a four-iron-four-sulfur cluster [4Fe4S] in addition to the catalytic cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a second pigment 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL). The light-induced redox reactions of this multi-cofactor protein complex were recently shown as two interdependent photoreductions of FAD and DMRL mediated by the [4Fe4S] cluster functioning as an electron cache to hold a fine balance of electrons. Here, we apply the more traditional temperature-scan cryo-trapping technique in protein crystallography and the newly developed technology of in situ serial Laue diffraction at room temperature. These diffraction methods in dynamic crystallography enable us to capture strong signals of electron density changes in the [4Fe4S] cluster that depict quantized electronic movements. The mixed valence layers of the [4Fe4S] cluster due to spin coupling and their dynamic responses to light illumination are observed directly in our difference maps between its redox states. These direct observations of the quantum effects in a protein bound iron-sulfur cluster have thus opened a window into the mechanistic understanding of metal clusters in biological systems.
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7
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Abstract
Synthetic iron-sulfur cubanes are models for biological cofactors, which are essential to delineate oxidation states in the more complex enzymatic systems. However, a complete series of [Fe4S4]n complexes spanning all redox states accessible by 1-electron transformations of the individual iron atoms (n = 0-4+) has never been prepared, deterring the methodical comparison of structure and spectroscopic signature. Here, we demonstrate that the use of a bulky arylthiolate ligand promoting the encapsulation of alkali-metal cations in the vicinity of the cubane enables the synthesis of such a series. Characterization by EPR, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, UV-visible electronic absorption, variable-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis, and cyclic voltammetry reveals key trends for the geometry of the Fe4S4 core as well as for the Mössbauer isomer shift, which both correlate systematically with oxidation state. Furthermore, we confirm the S = 4 electronic ground state of the most reduced member of the series, [Fe4S4]0, and provide electrochemical evidence that it is accessible within 0.82 V from the [Fe4S4]2+ state, highlighting its relevance as a mimic of the nitrogenase iron protein cluster.
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8
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Van Stappen C, Jiménez-Vicente E, Pérez-González A, Yang ZY, Seefeldt LC, DeBeer S, Dean DR, Decamps L. A conformational role for NifW in the maturation of molybdenum nitrogenase P-cluster. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3489-3500. [PMID: 35432878 PMCID: PMC8943848 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of dinitrogen by molybdenum nitrogenase relies on complex metalloclusters: the [8Fe:7S] P-cluster and the [7Fe:9S:Mo:C:homocitrate] FeMo-cofactor. Although both clusters bear topological similarities and require the reductive fusion of [4Fe:4S] sub-clusters to achieve their respective assemblies, P-clusters are assembled directly on the NifD2K2 polypeptide prior to the insertion of FeMo-co, which is fully assembled separately from NifD2K2. P-cluster maturation involves the iron protein NifH2 as well as several accessory proteins, whose role has not been elucidated. In the present work, two NifD2K2 species bearing immature P-clusters were isolated from an Azotobacter vinelandii strain in which the genes encoding NifH and the accessory protein NifZ were deleted, and characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and EPR. These analyses showed that both NifD2K2 complexes harbor clusters that are electronically and structurally similar, with each NifDK unit containing two [4Fe:4S]2+/+ clusters. Binding of the accessory protein NifW parallels a decrease in the distance between these clusters, as well as a subtle change in their coordination. These results support a conformational role for NifW in P-cluster biosynthesis, bringing the two [4Fe:4S] precursors closer prior to their fusion, which may be crucial in challenging cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Emilio Jiménez-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Ana Pérez-González
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan UT 84322 USA
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dennis R Dean
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Laure Decamps
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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9
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Moula G, Nagasaki A, Matsumoto T, Miehlich ME, Meyer K, Cramer RE, Tatsumi K. Synthesis of a Nitrogenase P
N
‐Cluster Model with [Fe
8
S
7
(μ‐S
thiolate
)
2
] Core from the All‐Ferric [Fe
4
S
4
(S
thiolate
)
4
] Cubane Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Golam Moula
- Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Ayaka Nagasaki
- Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsumoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Matthias E. Miehlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roger E. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry University of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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10
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Moula G, Nagasaki A, Matsumoto T, Miehlich ME, Meyer K, Cramer RE, Tatsumi K. Synthesis of a Nitrogenase P N -Cluster Model with [Fe 8 S 7 (μ-S thiolate ) 2 ] Core from the All-Ferric [Fe 4 S 4 (S thiolate ) 4 ] Cubane Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15792-15797. [PMID: 33928749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Constructing synthetic models of the nitrogenase PN -cluster has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. Here, we report an optimal nitrogenase PN -cluster model [{(TbtS)(OEt2 )Fe4 S3 }2 (μ-STbt)2 (μ6 -S)] (2) [Tbt=2,4,6-tris{bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl}phenyl] that is the closest synthetic mimic constructed to date. Of note is that two thiolate ligands and one hexacoordinated sulfide are connecting the two Fe4 S3 incomplete cubanes similar to the native PN -cluster, which has never been achieved. Cluster 2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography and relevant physico-chemical methods. The variable temperature magnetic moments of 2 indicate a singlet ground state (S=0). The Mössbauer spectrum of 2 exhibits two doublets with an intensity ratio of 3:1, which suggests the presence of two types of iron sites. The synthetic pathway of the cluster 2 could indicate the native PN -cluster maturation process as it has been achieved from the Fe4 S4 cubane Fe4 S4 (STbt)4 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Moula
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nagasaki
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsumoto
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Matthias E Miehlich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Tatsumi
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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11
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Li Manni G, Dobrautz W, Bogdanov NA, Guther K, Alavi A. Resolution of Low-Energy States in Spin-Exchange Transition-Metal Clusters: Case Study of Singlet States in [Fe(III) 4S 4] Cubanes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4727-4740. [PMID: 34048648 PMCID: PMC8201447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polynuclear transition-metal
(PNTM) clusters owe their catalytic
activity to numerous energetically low-lying spin states and stable
oxidation states. The characterization of their electronic structure
represents one of the greatest challenges of modern chemistry. We
propose a theoretical framework that enables the resolution of targeted
electronic states with ease and apply it to two [Fe(III)4S4] cubanes. Through direct access to their many-body
wave functions, we identify important correlation mechanisms and their
interplay with the geometrical distortions observed in these clusters,
which are core properties in understanding their catalytic activity.
The simulated magnetic coupling constants predicted by our strategy
allow us to make qualitative connections between spin interactions
and geometrical distortions, demonstrating its predictive power. Moreover,
despite its simplicity, the strategy provides magnetic coupling constants
in good agreement with the available experimental ones. The complexes
are intrinsically frustrated anti-ferromagnets, and the obtained spin
structures together with the geometrical distortions represent two
possible ways to release spin frustration (spin-driven Jahn–Teller
distortion). Our paradigm provides a simple, yet rigorous, route to
uncover the electronic structure of PNTM clusters and may be applied
to a wide variety of such clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Manni
- Department of Electronic Structure Theory, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Werner Dobrautz
- Department of Electronic Structure Theory, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolay A Bogdanov
- Department of Electronic Structure Theory, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kai Guther
- Department of Electronic Structure Theory, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ali Alavi
- Department of Electronic Structure Theory, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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12
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Stennett CR, Fettinger JC, Power PP. Low-Coordinate Iron Chalcogenolates and Their Complexes with Diethyl Ether and Ammonia. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6712-6720. [PMID: 33848423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2 with 2 equiv of the appropriate phenol or thiol affords the dimers {Fe(OC6H2-2,6-But2-4-Me)2}2 (1) and {Fe(OC6H3-2,6-But2)2}2 (2) or the monomeric Fe{SC6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-Pri2)2}2 (3) in moderate to excellent yields. Recrystallization of 1 and 2 from diethyl ether gives the corresponding three-coordinate ether complexes Fe(OC6H3-2,6-But2-4-Me)2(OEt2) (4) and Fe(OC6H3-2,6-But2)2(OEt2) (5). In contrast, no diethyl ether complex is formed by the dithiolate 3. The 1H NMR spectra of 4 and 5 show equilibria between the ether complexes and the base-free dimers. A comparison of these spectra with those of the dimeric 1 and 2 allows an unambiguous assignment of the paramagnetically shifted signals. Treatment of 1 with excess ammonia gives the tetrahedral diammine Fe(OC6H2-2,6-But2-4-Me)2(NH3)2 (6). Ammonia is strongly coordinated in 6, with no apparent loss of ammine ligand either in solution or upon heating under low pressure. In contrast, significantly weaker ammonia coordination is observed when dithiolate 3 is treated with excess ammonia, which gives the diammine Fe{SC6H3-2,6-(2,6-Pri2-C6H3)2}2(NH3)2 (7). Complex 7 readily loses ammonia either in solution or under reduced pressure to give the monoammine complex Fe{SC6H3-2,6-(2,6-Pri2-C6H3)2}2(NH3) (8). The weak binding of ammonia by iron thiolate 7 reflects the likely behavior of the proposed iron-sulfur active site in nitrogenases, where release of ammonia is required to close the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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13
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Joseph C, Cobb CR, Rose MJ. Single-Step Sulfur Insertions into Iron Carbide Carbonyl Clusters: Unlocking the Synthetic Door to FeMoco Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3433-3437. [PMID: 33089646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The one-step syntheses, X-ray structures, and spectroscopic characterization of synthetic iron clusters, bearing either inorganic sulfides or thiolate with interstitial carbide motifs, are reported. Treatment of iron carbide carbonyl clusters [Fen (μn -C)(CO)m ]x (n=5,6; m=15,16; x=0,-2) with electrophilic sulfur sources (S2 Cl2 , S8 ) results in the formation of several μ4 -S dimers of clusters, and moreover, iron-sulfide-(sulfocarbide) clusters. The core sulfocarbide unit {C-S}4- serves as a structural model for a proposed intermediate in the radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine biogenesis of the M-cluster. Furthermore, the electrophilic sulfur strategy has been extended to provide the first ever thiolato-iron-carbide complex: an analogous reaction with toluylsulfenyl chloride affords the cluster [Fe5 (μ5 -C)(SC7 H7 )(CO)13 ]- . The strategy described herein provides a breakthrough towards developing syntheses of biomimetic iron-sulfur-carbide clusters like FeMoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Caitlyn R Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Rose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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14
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Joseph C, Cobb CR, Rose MJ. Single‐Step Sulfur Insertions into Iron Carbide Carbonyl Clusters: Unlocking the Synthetic Door to FeMoco Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Joseph
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Caitlyn R. Cobb
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Michael J. Rose
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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15
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McSkimming A, Sridharan A, Thompson NB, Müller P, Suess DLM. An [Fe 4S 4] 3+-Alkyl Cluster Stabilized by an Expanded Scorpionate Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14314-14323. [PMID: 32692919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl-ligated iron-sulfur clusters in the [Fe4S4]3+ charge state have been proposed as short-lived intermediates in a number of enzymatic reactions. To better understand the properties of these intermediates, we have prepared and characterized the first synthetic [Fe4S4]3+-alkyl cluster. Isolation of this highly reactive species was made possible by the development of an expanded scorpionate ligand suited to the encapsulation of cuboidal clusters. Like the proposed enzymatic intermediates, this synthetic [Fe4S4]3+-alkyl cluster adopts an S = 1/2 ground state with giso > 2. Mössbauer spectroscopic studies reveal that the alkylated Fe has an unusually low isomer shift, which reflects the highly covalent Fe-C bond and the localization of Fe3+ at the alkylated site in the solid state. Paramagnetic 1H NMR studies establish that this valence localization persists in solution at physiologically relevant temperatures, an effect that has not been observed for [Fe4S4]3+ clusters outside of a protein. These findings establish the unusual electronic-structure effects imparted by the strong-field alkyl ligand and lay the foundation for understanding the electronic structures of [Fe4S4]3+-alkyl intermediates in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex McSkimming
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Arun Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Niklas B Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel L M Suess
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Cappelluti F, Bencivenni L, Guidoni L. Spin-symmetrised structures and vibrational frequencies of iron-sulfur clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16655-16664. [PMID: 32667376 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calculations of relaxed geometries of multi-centre transition metal compounds are routinely carried out using Broken Symmetry Density Functional Theory. The resulting low-spin open shell electronic state is described by one single Slater determinant and is affected by spin contamination. To alleviate this symmetry breaking, the Extended Broken Symmetry (EBS) approach can be applied to complexes with an arbitrary number of local high-spin metal ions. The actual symmetry is therefore reconstructed through minimization of an effective Hamiltonian leading to a relaxed geometry consistent with the magnetic couplings. In the present work we extend the approach already introduced by [Chu et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2017, 13, 4675] to the calculation of vibrational frequencies. As prototypes we have considered the iron-sulfur clusters Fe2S2Cl42- and Fe4S4Cl4. We have compared the results obtained for different spin states (high spin, broken symmetry and extended broken symmetry) and by using different DFT functionals (B3LYP, OPBE, BP, M06 and B2PLYP) and a post-HF method (SCS-MP2). The data have shown that for specific vibrational modes the EBS technique produces shifts up to 40 cm-1 with respect to the routinely used Broken Symmetry approach, indicating that the use of a consistent spin-symmetrised state is a crucial ingredient for an accurate description of vibrational properties, as certified by the comparison with the experimental data for the Fe2S2Cl42- cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappelluti
- University of L'Aquila - Department of Engineering, Information Science and Mathematics, via Vetoio (Coppito), L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Li F, Tian B, Wang X, Wang Z, Carozza JC, Zhou Z, Han H, Xu C. Surface Modulation and Chromium Complexation: All-in-One Solution for the Cr(VI) Sequestration with Bifunctional Molecules. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8373-8379. [PMID: 32421314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sulfidation of zero valent iron (ZVI) to an Fe@FeSx (S-ZVI) composite has been intensively explored in the ZVI field. Yet, further benefits from the FeSx coating layer are seldom realized, especially those effectively using its intrinsic physical and chemical properties for elaborate design. Here, we demonstrate that in a traditional Cr(VI) sequestration reaction, the FeSx layer displays a great utility in immobilizing molecules containing hydroxyl groups (-OH) and hence, attracting Cr(VI) complexes chelated with carboxyl organics (RCOOH). Such intermolecular attraction readily promotes the diffusion of the Cr(VI) complexes to the S-ZVI surface, affording a higher reaction rate for the Cr(VI) sequestration process. In addition, the above mechanism was used to guide a rational selection of molecules incorporating both hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups with a proper ratio and thereby, a significantly improved reaction efficiency was achieved. Furthermore, the FeSx phase was revealed to be consumed in the reaction, acting as a supplementary reductant. This work is the first to unveil the relationship between molecules with specific functionalization and the FeSx phase, providing a general rule in choosing appropriate reaction media for Cr(VI) sequestration and related reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Boyang Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jesse C Carozza
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Haixiang Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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18
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Van Stappen C, Decamps L, Cutsail GE, Bjornsson R, Henthorn JT, Birrell JA, DeBeer S. The Spectroscopy of Nitrogenases. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5005-5081. [PMID: 32237739 PMCID: PMC7318057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and a series of iron-sulfur clusters to perform this reaction, culminating at the FeMco active site (M = Mo, V, Fe), which is capable of binding and reducing N2 to 2NH3. In this review, we summarize how different spectroscopic approaches have shed light on various aspects of these enzymes, including their structure, mechanism, alternative reactivity, and maturation. Synthetic model chemistry and theory have also played significant roles in developing our present understanding of these systems and are discussed in the context of their contributions to interpreting the nature of nitrogenases. Despite years of significant progress, there is still much to be learned from these enzymes through spectroscopic means, and we highlight where further spectroscopic investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Laure Decamps
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A. Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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19
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Tanifuji K, Ohki Y. Metal–Sulfur Compounds in N2 Reduction and Nitrogenase-Related Chemistry. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5194-5251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemsitry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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20
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Van Stappen C, Thorhallsson AT, Decamps L, Bjornsson R, DeBeer S. Resolving the structure of the E 1 state of Mo nitrogenase through Mo and Fe K-edge EXAFS and QM/MM calculations. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9807-9821. [PMID: 32055350 PMCID: PMC6984330 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is predominately accomplished through Mo nitrogenase, which utilizes a complex MoFe7S9C catalytic cluster to reduce N2 to NH3. This cluster requires the accumulation of three to four reducing equivalents prior to binding N2; however, despite decades of research, the intermediate states formed prior to N2 binding are still poorly understood. Herein, we use Mo and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and QM/MM calculations to investigate the nature of the E1 state, which is formed following the addition of the first reducing equivalent to Mo nitrogenase. By analyzing the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) region, we provide structural insight into the changes that occur in the metal clusters of the protein when forming the E1 state, and use these metrics to assess a variety of possible models of the E1 state. The combination of our experimental and theoretical results supports that formation of E1 involves an Fe-centered reduction combined with the protonation of a belt-sulfide of the cluster. Hence, these results provide critical experiment and computational insight into the mechanism of this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , NRW , Germany . ;
| | - Albert Thor Thorhallsson
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , NRW , Germany . ;
| | - Laure Decamps
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , NRW , Germany . ;
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , NRW , Germany . ;
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , NRW , Germany . ;
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21
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Planar three-coordinate iron sulfide in a synthetic [4Fe-3S] cluster with biomimetic reactivity. Nat Chem 2019; 11:1019-1025. [PMID: 31611632 PMCID: PMC6858550 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are emerging as reactive sites for the reduction of small-molecule substrates. However, the four-coordinate iron sites of typical iron-sulfur clusters rarely react with substrates, implicating three-coordinate iron. This idea is untested because fully sulfide-coordinated three-coordinate iron is unprecedented. Here we report a new type of [4Fe-3S] cluster featuring an iron center with three bonds to sulfides. Although a high-spin electronic configuration is characteristic of other iron-sulfur clusters, the planar geometry and short Fe–S bonds lead to a surprising low-spin electronic configuration at the three-coordinate Fe center as determined by spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. In a demonstration of biomimetic reactivity, the [4Fe-3S] cluster reduces hydrazine, a natural substrate of nitrogenase. The product is the first example of NH2 bound to an iron-sulfur cluster. Our results demonstrate that three-coordinate iron supported by sulfide donors is a plausible precursor to reactivity in iron-sulfur clusters like the FeMoco of nitrogenase.
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22
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Chakraborty U, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Early-Transition-Metal Alkynyl Cubane Mn 4
C 4
Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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23
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Chakraborty U, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Early-Transition-Metal Alkynyl Cubane Mn 4 C 4 Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3466-3470. [PMID: 30632661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the coordination chemistry of monometallic complexes and the surface properties of extended metal particles are well understood, the control of metal nanocluster formation has remained challenging. The isolation of discrete metal clusters provides an especially rare snapshot at the nanoscale of cluster growth. The synthesis and full characterization of the first early-transition-metal alkynyl cubane and the first μ3 -alkynyl Mn3 motif are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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