1
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Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Neu J, Ding K, Liu S, Ade H, Xu J, You W. Optimized Incorporation of Furan into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400171. [PMID: 38483261 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have received considerable attention in the past decades due to their promising application in rollable display screens, wearable devices, implantable devices, and other electronic applications. In particular, conjugated polymers are favored for flexible electronics due to their mechanical flexibility and potential for solution-processed fabrication techniques, such as blade-coating, roll-to-roll printing, and high-throughput printing allowing for high-performance transistor devices. Thiophene is the prevailing conjugated unit to construct these conjugated polymers due to its favorable electronic properties. On the other hand, furans are among the few conjugated moieties that are easily derived from bio renewable resources. To promote sustainability, we selectively introduced furan into the conjugated backbone of a high-mobility polymer scaffold and systematically studied the effect on the microstructure and charge transport. We show that partially and selectively replacing thiophene units with furan can yield nearly comparable performance compared to the all-thiophene polymer. This strategy offers an improvement in the sustainability of the polymer by incorporating bio-sourced furan without sacrificing the high-performance characteristics. Meanwhile, polymers with incorrect or complete furan incorporation show reduced mobilities. This work serves to develop coherent structure-morphology-performance relationships; such knowledge will establish guidelines for the future development of sustainable, furan-based conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Neu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and ORaCEL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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3
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Kim Y, Hwang K, Yang D, Choi Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Lee M, Kim DY. Enhanced N-type Semiconducting Performance of Asymmetric Monochlorinated Isoindigo-based Semiregioregular Polymers under Dynamic Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38427782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric monochlorination strategy not only effectively addresses the steric issues in conventional dichlorination but also enables the development of promising acceptor units and semiregioregular polymers. Herein, monochlorinated isoindigo (1CIID) is successfully designed and synthesized by selectively introducing single chlorine (Cl) atoms. Furthermore, the 1CIID copolymerizes with two donor counterparts, centrosymmetric 2,2'-bithiophene (2T) and axisymmetric 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), forming two polymers, P1CIID-2T and P1CIID-DTBT. These polymers exhibit notable differences in backbone linearity and dipole moments, influenced by the symmetry of their donor counterparts. In particular, P1CIID-2T, which contains a centrosymmetric 2T unit, demonstrates a linear backbone and a significant dipole moment of 10.20 D. These properties contribute to the favorable film morphology of P1CIID-2T, characterized by highly ordered crystallinity in the presence of fifth-order (500) X-ray diffraction peaks. Notably, P1CIID-2T exhibits a significant improvement in molecular alignment under dynamic force, resulting in over 8-fold improvement in the performance of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices, with superior electron mobility up to 1.22 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study represents the first synthesis of asymmetric monochlorinated isoindigo-based conjugated polymers, highlighting the potential of asymmetric monochlorination for developing n-type semiconducting polymers. Moreover, our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the molecular structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungtae Hwang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeollabuk-do, Wanju-gun 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Li J, Xie R, Zhang G, Ge X, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chen J, Gong X, Yang C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu X. A skeletal randomization strategy for high-performance quinoidal-aromatic polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:283-296. [PMID: 37943155 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the solution-processability of conjugated polymers (CPs) without diminishing their thin-film crystallinity is crucial for optimizing charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, this presents a classic "Goldilocks zone" dilemma, as conventional solubility-tuning methods for CPs typically yield an inverse correlation between solubility and crystallinity. To address this fundamental issue, a straightforward skeletal randomization strategy is implemented to construct a quinoid-donor conjugated polymer, PA4T-Ra, that contains para-azaquinodimethane (p-AQM) and oligothiophenes as repeat units. A systematic study is conducted to contrast its properties against polymer homologues constructed following conventional solubility-tuning strategies. An unusually concurrent improvement of solubility and crystallinity is realized in the random polymer PA4T-Ra, which shows moderate polymer chain aggregation, the highest crystallinity and the least lattice disorder. Consequently, PA4T-Ra-based OFETs, fabricated under ambient air conditions, deliver an excellent hole mobility of 3.11 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is about 30 times higher than that of the other homologues and ranks among the highest for quinoidal CPs. These findings debunk the prevalent assumption that a random polymer backbone sequence results in decreased crystallinity. The considerable advantages of the skeletal randomization strategy illuminate new possibilities for the control of polymer aggregation and future design of high-performance CPs, potentially accelerating the development and commercialization of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jinlun Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Runze Xie
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiang Ge
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiu Gong
- College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Qin R, Wu Y, Ding Z, Zhang R, Yu J, Huang W, Liu D, Lu G, Liu SF, Zhao K, Han Y. Highly Stretchable Conjugated Polymer/Elastomer Blend Films with Sandwich Structure. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300240. [PMID: 37289949 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physical blending of high-mobility conjugated polymers with ductile elastomers provides a simple way to realize high-performance stretchable films. However, how to control the morphology of the conjugated polymer and elastomer blend film and its response to mechanical fracture processes during stretching are not well understood. Herein, a sandwich structure is constructed in the blend film based on a conjugated polymer poly[(5-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b″]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(6-fluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl)(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b″]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)] (PCDTFBT) and an elastomer polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS). The sandwich structure is composed of a PCDTFBT:SEBS mixed layer laminated with a PCDTFBT-rich layer at both the top and bottom surfaces. During stretching, the external strain energy can be effectively dissipated by the deformation of the crystalline PCDTFBT domains and amorphous SEBS phases and the recrystallization of the PCDTFBT chains. This endows the blend film with excellent ductility, with a large crack onset strain exceeding 1100%, and minimized the electrical degradation of the blend film at a large strain. This study indicates that the electrical and mechanical performance of conjugated polymer/elastomer blend films can be improved by manipulating their microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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6
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Kim Y, Ahn H, Yoo D, Sung M, Yoo H, Park S, Lee J, Lee BH. A Semi-Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor with Thin Film Stretchability Exceeding 200. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2302683. [PMID: 37229768 PMCID: PMC10401152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emerging scientific interest in polymer-based stretchable electronics, the trade-off between the crystallinity and stretchability of intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors-charge-carrier mobility increases as crystallinity increases while stretchability decreases-hinders the development of high-performance stretchable electronics. Herein, a highly stretchable polymer semiconductor is reported that shows concurrently improved thin film crystallinity and stretchability upon thermal annealing. The polymer thin films annealed at temperatures higher than their crystallization temperatures exhibit substantially improved thin film stretchability (> 200%) and hole mobility (≥ 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). The simultaneous enhancement of the crystallinity and stretchability is attributed to the thermally-assisted structural phase transition that allows the formation of edge-on crystallites and reinforces interchain noncovalent interactions. These results provide new insights into how the current crystallinity-stretchability limitation can be overcome. Furthermore, the results will facilitate the design of high-mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors for high-performance stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Sung
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Deng L, Cho Y, Lee J, Shibayama N, Zhang Z, Wang C, Hu Z, Wang J, Wu F, Chen L, Du Y, Ren F, Yang C, Gao P. Revealing the Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Controllably Doped Donor-Acceptor Copolymer: The Impact of Regioregularity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206233. [PMID: 36592416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Albeit considerable attention to the fast-developing organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials due to their flexibility and non-toxic features, it is still challenging to design an OTE polymer with superior thermoelectric properties. In this work, two "isomorphic" donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers are studied as the semiconductor in OTE devices, revealing for the first time the internal mechanism of regioregularity on thermoelectric performances in D-A type polymers. A higher molecular structure regularity can lead to higher crystalline order and mobility, higher doping efficiency, order of energy state, and thermoelectric (TE) performance. As a result, the regioregular P2F exhibits a maximum power factor (PF) of up to 113.27 µW m-1 K-2 , more than three times that of the regiorandom PRF (35.35 µW m-1 K-2 ). However, the regular backbone also implies lower miscibility with a dopant, negatively affecting TE performance. Therefore, the trade-off between doping efficiency and miscibility plays a vital role in OTE materials, and this work sheds light on the molecular design strategy of OTE polymers with state-of-the-art performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jungho Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co, Ltd., 150, Maeyeong-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16674, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Naoyuki Shibayama, Department of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Yitian Du
- Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fangbin Ren
- Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Wu Y, Ding Z, Zhang Q, Liang X, Yang H, Huang W, Su Y, Zhang Y, Hu H, Han Y, Liu SF, Zhao K. Increasing H-Aggregates via Sequential Aggregation to Enhance the Hole Mobility of Printed Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Dongguan Neutron Science Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueling Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Park S, Kim Y, Choi C, Ahn H, Park T, Lee SH, Jang YH, Lee BH. Effect of Bulky Atom Substitution on Backbone Coplanarity and Electrical Properties of Cyclopentadithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100709. [PMID: 34792255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effect of atomic substitution on the optoelectronic properties of a coplanar donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting polymer (SPs), prepared using cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties, is investigated. By substituting a carbon atom in the BT unit with CF or C-Cl, two random D-A SPs are prepared, and their optoelectronic properties are thoroughly investigated. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the fluorinated polymer has a slightly smaller dihedral angle (ϴ = 0.6°) than the pristine polymer (ϴ = 1.9°) in its lowest-energy conformation, implying efficient charge transport through the coplanar backbone of the fluorinated polymer. However, the chlorinated polymer shows the lowest energy at a relatively larger dihedral angle (ϴ = 139°) due to the steric hindrance induced by bulky chlorine atoms in the backbone, thereby leading to thin-film morphology, which is unfavorable for charge transport. Consequently, the fluorinated polymer yields the highest field-effect mobility (μ) of 0.57 cm2 V-1 s-1 , slightly higher than that of the pristine polymer (μ = 0.33 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), and the extended device lifetime of organic field-effect transistors over 12 d without any encapsulation layers. The results of this study provide design guidelines for air-stable D-A SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwon Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POESTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li C, Yu G. Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent-Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100918. [PMID: 34288393 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) are especially interesting and unique as their highly ordered topological structures entirely built from plentiful π-conjugated units through covalent bonds. Arranging tailorable organic building blocks into periodically reticular skeleton bestows predictable lattices and various properties upon COFs in respect of topology diagrams, pore size, properties of channel wall interfaces, etc. Indeed, these peculiar features in terms of crystallinity, conjugation degree, and topology diagrams fundamentally decide the applications of COFs including heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, proton conduction, light emission, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, this research field has attracted widespread attention and is of importance with a major breakthrough in recent year. However, this research field is running with the lack of summaries about tailorable construction of 2D COFs for targeted functionalities. This review first covers some crucial polymeric strategies of preparing COFs, containing boron ester condensation, amine-aldehyde condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, trimerization reaction, Suzuki CC coupling reaction, and hybrid polycondensation. Subsequently, a summary is made of some representative building blocks, and then underlines how the electronic and molecular structures of building blocks can strongly influence the functional performance of COFs. Finally, conclusion and perspectives on 2D COFs for further study are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Mahmood J, Lee EK, Noh HJ, Ahmad I, Seo JM, Im YK, Jeon JP, Kim SJ, Oh JH, Baek JB. Fused Aromatic Network with Exceptionally High Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004707. [PMID: 33470474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies of 2D organic layered materials with unique electronic properties have generated considerable interest in the research community. However, the development of organic materials with functional electrical transport properties is still needed. Here, a 2D fused aromatic network (FAN) structure with a C5 N basal plane stoichiometry is designed and synthesized, and thin films are cast from C5 N solution onto silicon dioxide substrates. Then field-effect transistors are fabricated using C5 N thin flakes as the active layer in a bottom-gate top-contact configuration to characterize their electrical properties. The C5 N thin flakes, isolated by polydimethylsiloxane stamping, exhibit ambipolar charge transport and extraordinarily high electron (996 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and hole (501 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) mobilities, surpassing the performance of most pristine organic materials without doping. These results demonstrate their vast potential for applications in thin-film optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Mahmood
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwang Im
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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12
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Guijarro FG, Medina Rivero S, Gunasekaran S, Arretxea I, Ponce Ortiz R, Caballero R, de la Cruz P, Langa F, Venkataraman L, Casado J. Synthesis and electronic properties of pyridine end-capped cyclopentadithiophene-vinylene oligomers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41264-41271. [PMID: 35516533 PMCID: PMC9057865 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of four oligomers of cyclopentadithiophene-vinylenes end capped with pyridine groups was prepared and their optical and electronic properties studied. Treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) leads to the bisprotonation of the nitrogens of the pyridine, which has an important impact on the optical properties. Excess treatment with TFA provokes the oxidation of the conjugated core, generating radical cations and dications. The ease of the TFA treatment in solution was extended to protonation in the solid-state where further characterization of the neutral and TFA-treated samples was carried out in electrically active substrates in organic field-effect transistors. Finally, the new molecules were found to be excellent conductors in single-molecule junctions thanks to strong electron delocalization and resonance orbital mediated transport. These studies show the opening of a spectrum of possibilities by suitable terminal substitution of π-cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Guijarro
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | | | - Iratxe Arretxea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
| | - Rubén Caballero
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo Spain
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York 10027 USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University New York 10027 USA
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 229071 Malaga Spain
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13
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Leenaers P, van Eersel H, Li J, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ. Influence of Regioregularity on the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers Comprising Asymmetric Monomers. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7749-7758. [PMID: 32981968 PMCID: PMC7513466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Two asymmetric thiophene (T)/pyridine (Py) flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) polymers with a regiorandom and regioregular conjugated backbone are synthesized via a Stille polycondensation to investigate the effect of regioregularity on their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance in fullerene-based polymer solar cells. Surprisingly, both polymers possess very similar optical bandgap, energy levels, and photovoltaic performance. These findings, combined with a factor of 19 reactivity difference between the two end groups of the asymmetric DPP monomer, intuitively suggest the formation of regular chain segments in the random polymer. However, by modeling the random polymerization reaction with a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation, evidence is obtained for exclusive formation of a fully random polymer structure. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra of three extended DPP chromophores, containing the donor segments (T-T-T, Py-T-Py, and Py-T-T) present in the regiorandom polymer, confirm that regioregularity of the backbone has a negligible influence on the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter
J. Leenaers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harm van Eersel
- Simbeyond
B.V., Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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14
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Preparation of Nanocomposite-based High Performance Organic Field Effect Transistor via Solution Floating Method and Mechanical Property Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051046. [PMID: 32370273 PMCID: PMC7284566 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that using nanocomposite thin films consisting of semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) for the active channel layer of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) improves both device performances and mechanical properties. The nanocomposite film was developed by directly blending P3HT solution with a dispersion of EEG at various weight proportions and simply transferring to an Si/SiO2 substrate by the solution floating method. The OFET based on P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film showed approximately twice higher field-effect mobility of 0.0391 cm2·V−1·s−1 and one order of magnitude greater on/off ratio of ~104 compared with the OFET based on pristine P3HT. We also measured the mechanical properties of P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film via film-on-elastomer methods, which confirms that the P3HT/EEG nanocomposite film exhibited approximately 2.4 times higher modulus (3.29 GPa) than that of the P3HT film (1.38 GPa), while maintaining the good bending flexibility and durability over 10.0% of bending strain and bending cycles (1000 cycles). It was proved that the polymer hybridization technique, which involves adding EEG to a conjugated polymer, is a powerful route for enhancing both device performances and mechanical properties while maintaining the flexible characteristics of OFET devices.
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15
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Li M, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yang L, Shen S, Song J, Bo Z. Photovoltaic Performances of Fused Ring Acceptors with Isomerized Ladder-Type Dipyran Cores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4887-4894. [PMID: 31898889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We precisely design and synthesize two A-π-D-π-A type dipyran-cored nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) Ph-DTDPo-OT and Ph-DTDPi-OT with oxygen atoms at the outer and inner positions, respectively. 3-Hexyloxythiophene is used as the π-spacer to expand the effective conjugation length of the acceptors. These two NFAs possess similar optical band gaps and energy levels. However, the position of the oxygen atom at the dipyran core can markedly influence the molecular packing and aggregation behavior of the resulted acceptors. Ph-DTDPo-OT with a strong intermolecular affinity tends to form larger aggregates blending with PBDB-T, leading to a lower photovoltaic performance; Ph-DTDPi-OT presents good miscibility with PBDB-T and the blend films preferentially adopt a face-on orientation. Ph-DTDPi-OT-based devices display high and balanced hole and electron mobilities, leading to an optimal power conversion efficiency of 11.38%, which is much higher than those of Ph-DTDPo-OT-based ones (7.60%). Moreover, Ph-DTDPi-OT-based devices also exhibit a lower nonradiative recombination voltage loss of 0.268 eV. Our work demonstrates that the π-spacer and chemical structure of the core unit can greatly influence the molecular packing and the morphology of blend films, which are critical to the photovoltaic performance of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Lisi Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Shuaishuai Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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16
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Wang Z, Song X, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Yu X, Deng Y, Han Y, Hu W, Geng Y. A Simple Structure Conjugated Polymer for High Mobility Organic Thin Film Transistors Processed from Nonchlorinated Solvent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1902412. [PMID: 31871875 PMCID: PMC6918096 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple structure, nonchlorinated solvent processable high mobility donor-acceptor conjugated polymer, poly(2,5-bis(4-hexyldodecyl)-2,5-dihydro-3,6-di-2-thienyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thiophene) (PDPPT3-HDO), is reported. The enhanced solubility in nonchlorinated solvent is realized based on a denser alkyl side chains strategy by incorporating small size comonomer thiophene. An associated benefit of thiophene comonomer is the remarkable structural simplicity of the resulting polymer, which is advantageous for industrial scaling up. The alkyl side chain density and structure of PDPPT3-HDO can efficiently control the self-assembly properties in solution and film. By bar coating from o-xylene solution, PDPPT3-HDO forms aligned films and exhibits high hole mobility of up to 9.24 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Notably, the bar-coated OTFT based on PDPPT3-HDO shows a close to ideal transistor model and a high mobility reliability factor of 87%. The multiple benefits of increased side chain density strategy may encourage the design of high mobility polymers that meet the requirements of mass production of OTFT materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Xianneng Song
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou350207P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou350207P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin300072P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New CityFuzhou350207P. R. China
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17
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Li D, Wang Q, Huang J, Wei C, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Influence of Backbone Regioregularity on High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers Based on Alkylated Dithienylacrylonitrile. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43416-43424. [PMID: 31645100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized two donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 and its regioregular counterpart RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and alkylated dithienylacrylonitrile (CNTVT) units. Among them, the 2-decyltetradecyl side chain on the DPP acceptor unit and the hexyl side chain on the CNTVT donor unit were used to ensure enough solubility for them. The backbone regioregularity was used to tune electronic structures and carrier transport of the conjugated system. The two conjugated polymers were characterized for their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and solution-processable properties, thin-film microstructures, and morphologies. The top-gate bottom-contact configuration organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices based on these two conjugated polymers showed excellent ambipolar performances. Remarkably, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 exhibited higher charge-carrier mobilities than the regioregular counterpart polymer RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6 did, as their highest hole/electron mobilities (μhmax/μemax) were 1.48/1.27 and 0.48/0.052 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Moreover, the influence of backbone regioregularity on its thermal stability, electrochemical and photophysical properties, solution processability, and charge-carrier mobility was intensively studied. Our results afforded a promising pathway toward the development of excellent ambipolar OFETs with high performance, good solution processability, and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Congyuan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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18
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Cook AR, Asaoka S, Li X, Miller JR. Electron Transport with Mobility, μ > 86 cm 2/(V s), in a 74 nm Long Polyfluorene. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:171-175. [PMID: 30554508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of charges on conjugated polymers is a fundamentally important feature of these materials, but most fall far short of transport that might lead one to call them "molecular wires". A commonly identified bottleneck is flexible dihedral angles between repeat units. Here we find a very high mobility, μ > 86 cm2/(V s), for electrons attached to polyfluorene polymers in isooctane, despite the presence of varied dihedral angles. The present data suggest that interactions with the surrounding medium may be a principal determinant of charge mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cook
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - Sadayuki Asaoka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
| | - John R Miller
- Chemistry Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973 , United States
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19
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Lee SM, Lee HR, Dutta GK, Lee J, Oh JH, Yang C. Furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chalcogenophene copolymers with siloxane hybrid side chains for organic field-effect transistors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00448c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Furan-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chalcogenophene copolymers are synthesized for the comprehensive study of the heterocyclic effect in organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myeon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Perovtronics Research Center
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
| | - Hae Rang Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gitish K. Dutta
- Department of Energy Engineering
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Perovtronics Research Center
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Perovtronics Research Center
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Perovtronics Research Center
- Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
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Sivakumar G, Paramasivam M, Bharath D, Rao VJ. Energy level tuning of ‘Z’-shaped small molecular non-fullerene electron acceptors based on a dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione acceptor unit for organic photovoltaic applications: a joint experimental and DFT investigation on the effect of fluorination. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05645e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione based small molecule non-fullerene acceptors with various end-capped fluorine units have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangala Sivakumar
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Mahalingavelar Paramasivam
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
| | - Dyaga Bharath
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Fluoro Agro Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- AcSIR
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