1
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Yamaguchi T, Asano Y. Nitrile-synthesizing enzymes and biocatalytic synthesis of volatile nitrile compounds: A review. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:20-28. [PMID: 38395363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitriles (R-CN) comprise a broad group of chemicals industrially produced and used in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Nitriles are important starting materials for producing carboxylic acids, amides, amines, and several other compounds. In addition, some volatile nitriles have been evaluated for their potential as ingredients in fragrance and flavor formulations. However, many nitrile synthesis methods have drawbacks, such as drastic reaction conditions, limited substrate scope, lack of readily available reagents, poor yields, and long reaction times. In contrast to chemical synthesis, biocatalytic approaches using enzymes can produce nitriles without harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and pressures, or toxic compounds. In this review, we summarize the nitrile-synthesizing enzymes from microorganisms, plants, and animals. Furthermore, we introduce several examples of biocatalytic synthesis of volatile nitrile compounds, particularly those using aldoxime dehydratase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamaguchi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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2
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Pei X, Xiao Q, Feng Y, Chen L, Yang F, Wang Q, Li N, Wang A. Enzymatic properties of a non-classical aldoxime dehydratase capable of producing alkyl and arylalkyl nitriles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7089-7104. [PMID: 37733049 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitriles are of significant interest in the flavor and fragrance industries with potential application in cosmetics due to their higher stability than analogous aldehydes. However, the traditional methods to prepare nitriles need toxic reagents and hash conditions. This work aimed to develop a chemoenzymatic strategy to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate. A non-classical aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) was discovered from the fungus Aspergillus ibericus (OxdAsp) to catalyze the dehydration of aldoximes to corresponding nitriles under mild conditions. The amino acid sequence of OxdAsp exhibits an approximately 20% identity with bacterial Oxds. OxdAsp contains a heme prosthetic group bound with the axial H287 in the catalytic pocket. The structure models of OxdAsp with substrates suggest that its catalytic triad is Y138-R141-E192, which is different from the classically bacterial Oxds of His-Arg-Ser/Thr. The catalytic mechanism of OxdAsp was proposed based on the mutagenesis of key residues. The hydroxyl group of the substrate is fixed by E192 to increase its basicity. Y138 acts as a general acid-based catalyst, and its phenolic proton is polarized by the adjacent R141. The protonated Y138 would donate a proton to the hydroxyl group of the substrate and eliminate a water molecule from aldoxime to produce nitrile. The recombinant OxdAsp can efficiently dehydrate citronellal oxime and cinnamaldoxime to citronellyl nitrile and cinnamonitrile in aqueous media, which are applied as fragrance ingredients in the food and cosmetic fields. KEY POINTS: • A novel aldoxime dehydratase from the Aspergillus genus was first characterized as a heme-binding protein. • The catalytic mechanism was predicted based on the molecular interactions of the catalytic pocket with the substrate. • A chemoenzymatic strategy was developed to synthesize nitriles from natural aldehydes with aldoxime as the intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yumin Feng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fengling Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Nanxing Li
- Zhejiang Medicine Co. Ltd, Xinchang, 312500, China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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3
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Luo H, Tian S, Liang H, Wang H, Gao S, Dai W. Oxidative cleavage and ammoxidation of organosulfur compounds via synergistic Co-Nx sites and Co nanoparticles catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2981. [PMID: 37221164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cleavage and functionalization of C-S bonds have become a rapidly growing field for the design or discovery of new transformations. However, it is usually difficult to achieve in a direct and selective fashion due to the intrinsic inertness and catalyst-poisonous character. Herein, for the first time, we report a novel and efficient protocol that enables direct oxidative cleavage and cyanation of organosulfur compounds by heterogeneous nonprecious-metal Co-N-C catalyst comprising graphene encapsulated Co nanoparticles and Co-Nx sites using oxygen as environmentally benign oxidant and ammonia as nitrogen source. A wide variety of thiols, sulfides, sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfonyl chlorides are viable in this reaction, enabling access to diverse nitriles under cyanide-free conditions. Moreover, modifying the reaction conditions also allows for the cleavage and amidation of organosulfur compounds to deliver amides. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, facile scalability, cost-effective and recyclable catalyst, and broad substrate scope. Characterization and mechanistic studies reveal that the remarkable effectiveness of the synergistic catalysis of Co nanoparticles and Co-Nx sites is crucial for achieving outstanding catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Luo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuainan Tian
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, PR China.
| | - Shuang Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Wen Dai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China.
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4
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Chen H, Liu W, Chang L, Kang Z, Yang Y, Zhang L. Tailoring Galactose Oxidase for Self-Powered Benzyl Alcohol Sensing. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300052. [PMID: 36752160 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl alcohol (BnOH) is a widely-used preservative in a variety of cosmetics, but the excess addition (≥1.0 %) may cause strong symptoms such as nausea, gastrointestinal irritation, convulsion, even death, making it crucial to monitor and control the addition quantity. Herein, we have developed a test-strip-like BnOH detection method via tailoring a galactose oxidase (GOase) towards BnOH oxidation and preparing a self-powered electrochromic strip for BnOH concentration visualization. A double-substituted GOase variant (Y329S/R330F), on the basis of the reported GOase M1 , has been obtained by semi-rational design with a 24.6-fold improved activity towards BnOH compared to GOase M1 . The GOase Y329S/R330F electrode has a response to BnOH with a linear range of 0.04 to 3.25 mM (R2 =0.9985), a sensitivity of 122.78 μA mM-1 cm-2 , and a detection limit of 0.03 mM (S/N=3). Coupling an electrochromic Prussian blue (PB) cathode helps the successful sensing visualization without any further power supply. The present sensing is more convenient and user-friendly than the generally used gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and brings a more accessible solution to the field of quality controlling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Weisong Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Chang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zepeng Kang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8, Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Copper radical oxidases: galactose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and beyond! Essays Biochem 2022; 67:597-613. [PMID: 36562172 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
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6
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Yeow K, Haarr MB, Muldoon J, O'Reilly E. Preparation of iminosugars from aminopolyols via selective oxidation using galactose oxidase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13640-13643. [PMID: 36409216 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Minimally protected aminopolyols are novel substrates for the galactose oxidase variant F2. Site-selective oxidation proceeds at the terminal primary alcohol, followed by spontaneous cyclisation to afford stable hemiaminal/hemiacetal anomers of the piperidine and azepane scaffolds, with isolated yields of up to 94%. Simultaneous deprotection and reduction occured readily to afford valuable and biologically relevant iminosugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Yeow
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Marianne B Haarr
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jimmy Muldoon
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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7
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Zhao F, Brix AC, Lielpetere A, Schuhmann W, Conzuelo F. On the Mediated Electron Transfer of Immobilized Galactose Oxidase for Biotechnological Applications. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200868. [PMID: 35338670 PMCID: PMC9325534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes as catalysts in chemical synthesis offers advantages in terms of clean and highly selective transformations. Galactose oxidase (GalOx) is a remarkable enzyme with several applications in industrial conversions as it catalyzes the oxidation of primary alcohols. We have investigated the wiring of GalOx with a redox polymer; this enables mediated electron transfer with the electrode surface for its potential application in biotechnological conversions. As a result of electrochemical regeneration of the catalytic center, the formation of harmful H2O2 is minimized during enzymatic catalysis. The introduced bioelectrode was applied to the conversion of bio‐renewable platform materials, with glycerol as model substrate. The biocatalytic transformations of glycerol and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were investigated in a circular flow‐through setup to assess the possibility of substrate over‐oxidation, which is observed for glycerol oxidation but not during HMF conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu P. R. China
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Ann Cathrin Brix
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Anna Lielpetere
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Felipe Conzuelo
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
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8
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Ribeaucourt D, Höfler GT, Yemloul M, Bissaro B, Lambert F, Berrin JG, Lafond M, Paul CE. Tunable Production of ( R)- or ( S)-Citronellal from Geraniol via a Bienzymatic Cascade Using a Copper Radical Alcohol Oxidase and Old Yellow Enzyme. ACS Catal 2022; 12:1111-1116. [PMID: 35096467 PMCID: PMC8787751 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of (-)-menthol, the most sold flavor worldwide, are highly sought-after. To access the key intermediate (R)-citronellal used in current major industrial production routes, we established a one-pot bienzymatic cascade from inexpensive geraniol, overcoming the problematic biocatalytic reduction of the mixture of (E/Z)-isomers in citral by harnessing a copper radical oxidase (CgrAlcOx) and an old yellow enzyme (OYE). The cascade using OYE2 delivered 95.1% conversion to (R)-citronellal with 95.9% ee, a 62 mg scale-up affording high yield and similar optical purity. An alternative OYE, GluER, gave (S)-citronellal from geraniol with 95.3% conversion and 99.2% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribeaucourt
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
- V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | - Georg T. Höfler
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Yemloul
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Lambert
- V. Mane Fils, 620 route de Grasse, 06620 Le Bar sur Loup, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Merging enzymes with chemocatalysis for amide bond synthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:380. [PMID: 35046426 PMCID: PMC8770729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amides are one of the most fundamental chemical bonds in nature. In addition to proteins and other metabolites, many valuable synthetic products comprise amide bonds. Despite this, there is a need for more sustainable amide synthesis. Herein, we report an integrated next generation multi-catalytic system, merging nitrile hydratase enzymes with a Cu-catalysed N-arylation reaction in a single reaction vessel, for the construction of ubiquitous amide bonds. This synergistic one-pot combination of chemo- and biocatalysis provides an amide bond disconnection to precursors, that are orthogonal to those in classical amide synthesis, obviating the need for protecting groups and delivering amides in a manner unachievable using existing catalytic regimes. Our integrated approach also affords broad scope, very high (molar) substrate loading, and has excellent functional group tolerance, telescoping routes to natural product derivatives, drug molecules, and challenging chiral amides under environmentally friendly conditions at scale. Proteins, other metabolites and many valuable synthetic products contain amide bonds and there is a need for more sustainable amide synthesis routes. Here the authors show an integrated next generation multi-catalytic system, merging nitrile hydratase enzymes with a Cu-catalysed N-arylation reaction in a single reaction vessel, for the construction of ubiquitous amide bonds.
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10
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Horvat M, Weilch V, Rädisch R, Hecko S, Schiefer A, Rudroff F, Wilding B, Klempier N, Pátek M, Martínková L, Winkler M. Chemoenzymatic one-pot reaction from carboxylic acid to nitrile via oxime. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:62-66. [PMID: 35126993 PMCID: PMC8725990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation. The final step to the nitrile is catalyzed by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd). Full conversions of phenylacetic acid and hexanoic acid were achieved in a two-phase mode. We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation and enzymatic dehydration by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Victoria Weilch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic .,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12844 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Norbert Klempier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria .,Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria
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11
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Zhang S, Ruccolo S, Fryszkowska A, Klapars A, Marshall N, Strotman NA. Electrochemical Activation of Galactose Oxidase: Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Serge Ruccolo
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anna Fryszkowska
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Artis Klapars
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas Marshall
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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12
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Haley HS, Payer SE, Papidocha SM, Clemens S, Nyenhuis J, Sarpong R. Bioinspired Diversification Approach Toward the Total Synthesis of Lycodine-Type Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4732-4740. [PMID: 33729783 PMCID: PMC8017526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles (azacycles) are common structural motifs in numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. Many powerful methods have been developed and continue to be advanced for the selective installation and modification of nitrogen heterocycles through C-H functionalization and C-C cleavage approaches, revealing new strategies for the synthesis of targets containing these structural entities. Here, we report the first total syntheses of the lycodine-type Lycopodium alkaloids casuarinine H, lycoplatyrine B, lycoplatyrine A, and lycopladine F as well as the total synthesis of 8,15-dihydrohuperzine A through bioinspired late-stage diversification of a readily accessible common precursor, N-desmethyl-β-obscurine. Key steps in the syntheses include oxidative C-C bond cleavage of a piperidine ring in the core structure of the obscurine intermediate and site-selective C-H borylation of a pyridine nucleus to enable cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Tseliou V, Schilder D, Masman MF, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Generation of Oxidoreductases with Dual Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Amine Dehydrogenase Activity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3315-3325. [PMID: 33073866 PMCID: PMC7898336 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The l-lysine-ϵ-dehydrogenase (LysEDH) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus naturally catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the ϵ-amino group of l-lysine. We previously engineered this enzyme to create amine dehydrogenase (AmDH) variants that possess a new hydrophobic cavity in their active site such that aromatic ketones can bind and be converted into α-chiral amines with excellent enantioselectivity. We also recently observed that LysEDH was capable of reducing aromatic aldehydes into primary alcohols. Herein, we harnessed the promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of LysEDH to create new variants that exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for the reduction of substituted benzaldehydes and arylaliphatic aldehydes to primary alcohols. Notably, these novel engineered dehydrogenases also catalyzed the reductive amination of a variety of aldehydes and ketones with excellent enantioselectivity, thus exhibiting a dual AmDH/ADH activity. We envisioned that the catalytic bi-functionality of these enzymes could be applied for the direct conversion of alcohols into amines. As a proof-of-principle, we performed an unprecedented one-pot "hydrogen-borrowing" cascade to convert benzyl alcohol to benzylamine using a single enzyme. Conducting the same biocatalytic cascade in the presence of cofactor recycling enzymes (i.e., NADH-oxidase and formate dehydrogenase) increased the reaction yields. In summary, this work provides the first examples of enzymes showing "alcohol aminase" activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tseliou
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Don Schilder
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcelo F. Masman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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14
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Zhang J, Sheng X, Ding Z, Wang H, Feng L, Zhang X, Wen L, Jiang L, Feng X. Decoupling hydrogen production from water oxidation by integrating a triphase interfacial bioelectrochemical cascade reaction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:164-169. [PMID: 36654224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Water electrolysis to produce H2 is a promising strategy for generating a renewable fuel. However, the sluggish-kinetics and low value-added anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) restricts the overall energy conversion efficiency. Herein we report a strategy of boosting H2 production at low voltages by replacing OER with a bioelectrochemical cascade reaction at a triphase bioanode. In the presence of oxygen, oxidase enzymes can convert biomass into valuable products, and concurrently generate H2O2 that can be further electrooxidized at the bioanode. Benefiting from the efficient oxidase kinetics at an oxygen-rich triphase bioanode and the more favorable thermodynamics of H2O2 oxidation than that of OER, the cell voltage and energy consumption are reduced by ~0.70 V and ~36%, respectively, relative to regular water electrolysis. This leads to an efficient H2 production at the cathode and valuable product generation at the bioanode. Integration of a bioelectrochemical cascade into the water splitting process provides an energy-efficient and promising pathway for achieving a renewable fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenyao Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haili Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xinjian Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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15
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Qi Z, Hu C, Zhong Y, Cai C, Lu GP. The ammoxidation of alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts for the green synthesis of nitriles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This is the first review on the ammoxidation of alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts, in which issues and potential solutions are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Chaoning Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Youwei Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Chun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- PR China
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16
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Yuan B, Debecker DP, Wu X, Xiao J, Fei Q, Turner NJ. One‐pot Chemoenzymatic Deracemisation of Secondary Alcohols Employing Variants of Galactose Oxidase and Transfer Hydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology M1 7DN Manchester UK
| | - Damien P. Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool L69 7ZD Liverpool UK
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool L69 7ZD Liverpool UK
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology M1 7DN Manchester UK
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17
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Savino S, Fraaije MW. The vast repertoire of carbohydrate oxidases: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107634. [PMID: 32961251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are widely abundant molecules present in a variety of forms. For their biosynthesis and modification, nature has evolved a plethora of carbohydrate-acting enzymes. Many of these enzymes are of particular interest for biotechnological applications, where they can be used as biocatalysts or biosensors. Among the enzymes catalysing conversions of carbohydrates are the carbohydrate oxidases. These oxidative enzymes belong to different structural families and use different cofactors to perform the oxidation reaction of CH-OH bonds in carbohydrates. The variety of carbohydrate oxidases available in nature reflects their specificity towards different sugars and selectivity of the oxidation site. Thanks to their properties, carbohydrate oxidases have received a lot of attention in basic and applied research, such that nowadays their role in biotechnological processes is of paramount importance. In this review we provide an overview of the available knowledge concerning the known carbohydrate oxidases. The oxidases are first classified according to their structural features. After a description on their mechanism of action, substrate acceptance and characterisation, we report on the engineering of the different carbohydrate oxidases to enhance their employment in biocatalysis and biotechnology. In the last part of the review we highlight some practical applications for which such enzymes have been exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savino
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Abstract
Enzymatic methods for the oxidation of alcohols are critically reviewed. Dehydrogenases and oxidases are the most prominent biocatalysts, enabling the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes or acids. In the case of secondary alcohols, region and/or enantioselective oxidation is possible. In this contribution, we outline the current state-of-the-art and discuss current limitations and promising solutions.
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19
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Wang W, Wang Y, Yang R, Wen Q, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Li H, Zhai T. Vacancy‐Rich Ni(OH)
2
Drives the Electrooxidation of Amino C−N Bonds to Nitrile C≡N Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yutang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ruoou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Qunlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
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20
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Wang W, Wang Y, Yang R, Wen Q, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Li H, Zhai T. Vacancy‐Rich Ni(OH)
2
Drives the Electrooxidation of Amino C−N Bonds to Nitrile C≡N Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16974-16981. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yutang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ruoou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Qunlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
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21
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Sheldon RA, Brady D, Bode ML. The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2587-2605. [PMID: 32206264 PMCID: PMC7069372 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspective is primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, with particular focus on recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
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22
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Abstract
The role of bio- and chemo-catalytic aerobic oxidations in the production of commodity chemicals in a bio-refinery is reviewed. The situation is fundamentally different to that in a petrochemicals refinery where the feedstocks are gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons that are oxidized at elevated temperatures in the vapor or liquid phase under solvent-free conditions. In contrast, the feedstocks in a biorefinery are carbohydrates that are water soluble solids and their conversion will largely involve aerobic oxidations of hydroxyl functional groups in water as the solvent under relatively mild conditions of temperature and pressure. This will require the development and use of cost-effective and environmentally attractive processes using both chemo- and biocatalytic methods for alcohols and polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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23
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Schmidt S, Bornscheuer UT. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases: From protein engineering to biocatalytic applications. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES: MECHANISMS, STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 47:231-281. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Forget SM, Xia F(R, Hein JE, Brumer H. Determination of biocatalytic parameters of a copper radical oxidase using real-time reaction progress monitoring. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2076-2084. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
VTNA is applied to reaction progress curves to glean key kinetic and mechanistic details for a copper radical oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Forget
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - Fan (Roderick) Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories
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25
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Sun F, Yin T, Wang Y, Feng A, Yang L, Wu W, Yu C, Li T, Wei D, Yao C. A combined experimental and computational study of NHC-promoted desulfonylation of tosylated aldimines. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed mild desulfonylation of tosylated aldimines provides efficient access to aryl nitriles with broad substrate scope. DFT calculations demonstrate that the reaction undergoes multiple stepwise processes.
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26
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Xu J, Peng Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Fan J, Zheng H, Lin X, Wu Q. Exploiting Cofactor Versatility to Convert a FAD‐Dependent Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase into a Ketoreductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - He Zheng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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27
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Xu J, Peng Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Fan J, Zheng H, Lin X, Wu Q. Exploiting Cofactor Versatility to Convert a FAD-Dependent Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase into a Ketoreductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14499-14503. [PMID: 31423719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexanone monooxygenases (CHMOs) show very high catalytic specificity for natural Baeyer-Villiger (BV) reactions and promiscuous reduction reactions have not been reported to date. Wild-type CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 was found to possess an innate, promiscuous ability to reduce an aromatic α-keto ester, but with poor yield and stereoselectivity. Structure-guided, site-directed mutagenesis drastically improved the catalytic carbonyl-reduction activity (yield up to 99 %) and stereoselectivity (ee up to 99 %), thereby converting this CHMO into a ketoreductase, which can reduce a range of differently substituted aromatic α-keto esters. The improved, promiscuous reduction activity of the mutant enzyme in comparison to the wild-type enzyme results from a decrease in the distance between the carbonyl moiety of the substrate and the hydrogen atom on N5 of the reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, as confirmed using docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - He Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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28
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2859-2881. [PMID: 30938093 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This Review is aimed at synthetic organic chemists who may be familiar with organometallic catalysis but have no experience with biocatalysis, and seeks to provide an answer to the perennial question: if it is so attractive, why wasn't it extensively used in the past? The development of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is traced from the middle of the last century. Advances in molecular biology in the last two decades, in particular genome sequencing, gene synthesis and directed evolution of proteins, have enabled remarkable improvements in scope and substantially reduced biocatalyst development times and cost contributions. Additionally, improvements in biocatalyst recovery and reuse have been facilitated by developments in enzyme immobilization technologies. Biocatalysis has become eminently competitive with chemocatalysis and the biocatalytic production of important pharmaceutical intermediates, such as enantiopure alcohols and amines, has become mainstream organic synthesis. The synthetic space of biocatalysis has significantly expanded and is currently being extended even further to include new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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29
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Tseliou V, Masman MF, Böhmer W, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Mechanistic Insight into the Catalytic Promiscuity of Amine Dehydrogenases: Asymmetric Synthesis of Secondary and Primary Amines. Chembiochem 2019; 20:800-812. [PMID: 30489013 PMCID: PMC6472184 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic asymmetric amination of ketones, by using amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) or transaminases, is an efficient method for the synthesis of α-chiral primary amines. A major challenge is to extend amination to the synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines. Herein, for the first time, it is shown that AmDHs are capable of accepting other amine donors, thus giving access to enantioenriched secondary amines with conversions up to 43 %. Surprisingly, in several cases, the promiscuous formation of enantiopure primary amines, along with the expected secondary amines, was observed. By conducting practical laboratory experiments and computational experiments, it is proposed that the promiscuous formation of primary amines along with secondary amines is due to an unprecedented nicotinamide (NAD)-dependent formal transamination catalysed by AmDHs. In nature, this type of mechanism is commonly performed by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate aminotransferase and not by dehydrogenases. Finally, a catalytic pathway that rationalises the promiscuous NAD-dependent formal transamination activity and explains the formation of the observed mixture of products is proposed. This work increases the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of NAD-dependent aminating enzymes, such as AmDHs, and will aid further research into the rational engineering of oxidoreductases for the synthesis of α-chiral secondary and tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tseliou
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesHIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcelo F. Masman
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesHIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wesley Böhmer
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesHIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesHIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesHIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as kadsuraol A from Kadsura longipedunculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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31
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Vilím J, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Catalytic Promiscuity of Galactose Oxidase: A Mild Synthesis of Nitriles from Alcohols, Air, and Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14240-14244. [PMID: 30176101 PMCID: PMC6220830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented catalytically promiscuous activity of the copper-dependent enzyme galactose oxidase. The enzyme catalyses the one-pot conversion of alcohols into the related nitriles under mild reaction conditions in ammonium buffer, consuming ammonia as the source of nitrogen and dioxygen (from air at atmospheric pressure) as the only oxidant. Thus, this green method does not require either cyanide salts, toxic metals, or undesired oxidants in stoichiometric amounts. The substrate scope of the reaction includes benzyl and cinnamyl alcohols as well as 4- and 3-pyridylmethanol, giving access to valuable chemical compounds. The oxidation proceeds through oxidation from alcohol to aldehyde, in situ imine formation, and final direct oxidation to nitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vilím
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, HIMS-BiocatUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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