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Chen D, Xu Y, Wang Y, Teng C, Li X, Yin D, Yan L. J-aggregates of strong electron-donating groups linked Aza-BODIPY adjusting by polypeptide for NIR-II phototheranostics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124789. [PMID: 39013303 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The commonly employed strategies for engineering second near-infrared (NIR-II) organic phototheranostic agents are based on expanding conjugated backbone length, strengthening donor (D)-acceptor (A) effect, or forming J-aggregates. We constructed the D-A-D' structure by incorporating strong electron-donating methoxy and tetraphenylethene (TPE) moieties on the electron-deficient Aza-BODIPY core, and simultaneously expanded the π-conjugation effect by introducing thiophene groups, to obtain a dye BDP-TPE. Next, the nanoparticles P-TPE were prepared via the assembly of BDP-TPE with amphiphilic polypeptides (mPEG2000-P(Asp)10), and successfully constructed the J-aggregates. The obtained P-TPE exhibited strong absorption and fluorescence with maxima at 808 and 1018 nm, respectively, with a conspicuous absolute quantum yield of 0.241 %. Moreover, P-TPE also showed excellent biocompatibility, and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 61.15 %, and excellent resistance to pH, long-term storage, and photobleaching. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that P-TPE exhibited good biocompatibility and effectively achieved NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT with complete tumor ablation under 808 nm laser irradiation. These results provided good evidence for the use of P-TPE as a NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT therapeutic agent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejia Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yating Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changchang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei, Jinzai road 96, 230026, Anhui, PR China.
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Vinod K, Jadhav SD, Hariharan M. Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Crystalline Iodinated Eumelanin Monomer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400499. [PMID: 38502668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We report the room temperature phosphorescence upon iodination on a crystalline eumelanin monomer with shielded hydroxyl moieties, ethyl 5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylate (DMICE). Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) is observed in the iodinated (IDMICE) as well as brominated (BDMICE) analogues of the eumelanin monomer derivative in solution. The triplet quantum yields (φT) and intersystem crossing rates (kISC) of the halogenated eumelanin derivatives areφ T B D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{BDMICE}}$ =25.4±1.1 %;k I S C B D M I C E ${{k}_{ISC}^{BDMICE}}$ =1.95×109 s-1 andφ T I D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{IDMICE}}$ =59.1±1.6 %;k I S C I D M I C E = ${{k}_{ISC}^{IDMICE}=}$ 1.36×1010 s-1, as monitored using transient absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations based on nuclear ensemble method reveal that computed kISC and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements for eumelanin derivatives are larger for IDMICE relative to BDMICE. The halogen and π-π interactions, with distinct excitonic coupling and higher ISC rate promote phosphorescence in IDMICE molecular crystals. Accessing triplet excited states and resultant photoluminescence through structural modification of eumelanin scaffolds paves way for exploring the versatility of eumelanin-inspired molecules as bio-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Sohan D Jadhav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
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3
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Pompetti N, Smyser KE, Feingold B, Owens R, Lama B, Sharma S, Damrauer NH, Johnson JC. Tetracene Diacid Aggregates for Directing Energy Flow toward Triplet Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38606884 PMCID: PMC11046478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of the solution-phase photophysics of tetracene bis-carboxylic acid [5,12-tetracenepropiolic acid (Tc-DA)] and its related methyl ester [5,12-tetracenepropynoate (Tc-DE)], a non-hydrogen-bonding counterpart, reveals the role of the carboxylic acid moiety in driving molecular aggregation and concomitant excited-state behavior. Low-concentration solutions of Tc-DA exhibit similar properties to the popular 5,12-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynl)tetracene, but as the concentration increases, evidence for aggregates that form excimers and a new mixed-state species with charge-transfer (CT) and correlated triplet pair (TT) character is revealed by transient absorption and fluorescence experiments. Aggregates of Tc-DA evolve further with concentration toward an additional phase that is dominated by the mixed CT/TT state which is the only state present in Tc-DE aggregates and can be modulated with the solvent polarity. Computational modeling finds that cofacial arrangement of Tc-DA and Tc-DE subunits is the most stable aggregate structure and this agrees with results from 1H NMR spectroscopy. The calculated spectra of these cofacial dimers replicate the observed broadening in ground-state absorption as well as accurately predict the formation of a near-UV transition associated with a CT between molecular subunits that is unique to the specific aggregate structure. Taken together, the results suggest that the hydrogen bonding between Tc-DA molecules and the associated disruption of hydrogen bonding with solvent produce a regime of dimer-like behavior, absent in Tc-DE, that favors excimers rather than CT/TT mixed states. The control of aggregate size and structure using distinct functional groups, solute concentration, and solvent in tetracene promises new avenues for its use in light-harvesting schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
F. Pompetti
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kori E. Smyser
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Raythe Owens
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bimala Lama
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- University
of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Institute, University
of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80401, United States
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5
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Chen Q, Gu Y, Fu H, Luo R, Zhu D, Dong P, Ma J, Ju H, Lei J. Ultrastable Anion Radicals in Ligand-Dimerized Frameworks for Self-Accumulated Electrochemiluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18194-18201. [PMID: 38532607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a light-emitting process that occurs via an annihilation reaction among energetic radical intermediates, whose stabilities determine the ECL efficiency. In this study, a ligand-dimerized metal-organic framework (MOF) with ultrastable anion radical is designed as an efficient nanoemitter for self-accumulated ECL. Due to the nonplanar structure of perylene diimide (PDI) derivate, two PDI ligands in the framework form a J-dimer unit with a vertical distance of ∼5.74 Å. In cathodic scanning, the ligand-dimerized MOF demonstrates three-step ECL emissions with a gradual increase in ECL intensity. Unlike the decrease in the PDI ligand, the self-accumulated ECL of the MOF was observed with 16.8-fold enhancement due to the excellent stability of radical intermediates in frameworks. Electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrated the ultrastability of free radicals in the designed frameworks, with 82.2% remaining even after one month of storage. Density functional theory calculations supported that PDI dimerization was energetically favorable upon successive electron injection. Moreover, the ECL wavelength is 610 nm, corresponding to the emission of excited dimers. The radical-stabilized reticular nanoemitters open up a new platform for decoding the fundamentals of self-accumulated ECL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haomin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Da Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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6
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Moritaka SS, Lebedev VS. Orientational effects in the polarized absorption spectra of molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074901. [PMID: 38364011 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical analysis of polarized absorption spectra and linear dichroism of cyanine dye aggregates whose unit cells contain two molecules. The studied threadlike ordered system with a molecular exciton delocalized along its axis can be treated as two chains of conventional molecular aggregates, rotated relative to each other at a certain angle around the aggregate axis. Our approach is based on the general formulas for the effective cross section of light absorption by a molecular aggregate and key points of the molecular exciton theory. We have developed a self-consistent theory for describing the orientational effects in the absorption and dichroic spectra of such supramolecular structures with nonplanar unit cell. It is shown that the spectral behavior of such systems exhibits considerable distinctions from that of conventional cyanine dye aggregates. They consist in the strong dependence of the relative intensities of the J- and H-type spectral bands of the aggregate with a nonplanar unit cell on the angles determining the mutual orientations of the transition dipole moments of constituting molecules and the aggregate axis as well as on the polarization direction of incident light. The derived formulas are reduced to the well-known analytical expressions in the particular case of aggregates with one molecule in the unit cell. The calculations performed within the framework of our excitonic theory combined with available vibronic theory allow us to quite reasonably explain the experimental data for the pseudoisocyanine bromide dye aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Moritaka
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V S Lebedev
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Gu X, Zeng R, He T, Zhou G, Li C, Yu N, Han F, Hou Y, Lv J, Zhang M, Zhang J, Wei Z, Tang Z, Zhu H, Cai Y, Long G, Liu F, Zhang X, Huang H. Simple-Structured Acceptor with Highly Interconnected Electron-Transport Pathway Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401370. [PMID: 38373399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Achieving desirable charge-transport highway is of vital importance for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, it is shown how molecular packing arrangements can be regulated via tuning the alkyl-chain topology, thus resulting in a 3D network stacking and highly interconnected pathway for electron transport in a simple-structured nonfused-ring electron acceptor (NFREA) with branched alkyl side-chains. As a result, a record-breaking power conversion efficiency of 17.38% (certificated 16.59%) is achieved for NFREA-based devices, thus providing an opportunity for constructing low-cost and high-efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tengfei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Congqi Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuqi Hou
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jikai Lv
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, In-situ Center for Physical Science, and Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
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8
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Panthakkal Das P, Mazumder A, Rajeevan M, Swathi RS, Hariharan M. Energy landscape of perylenediimide chromophoric aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2007-2015. [PMID: 38126428 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04609e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the self-assembly of conjugated organic materials at the molecular level is crucial in their potential applications as active components in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The type of aggregation significantly influences the intriguing electronic and optical characteristics differing from their constituent molecules. Perylenediimides (PDIs), electron-deficient molecules exhibiting remarkable n-type semiconducting properties, are among the most explored organic fluorescent materials due to their high fluorescence efficiency, photostability, and optoelectronic properties. PDI derivatives are reported to form well-tailored supramolecular architectures: cofacial with minor slip (H-aggregates), staggered with major slip (J-aggregates), magic angle stacking (M-aggregates), rotated (X-aggregates), rotated orthogonal ((+)-aggregates), etc. H*-aggregates are defined here as an ideal case of H-aggregate with an eclipsed configuration. Although numerous reports regarding the formation and optical properties of various PDI aggregates are known, the key driving force within the PDI units guiding the self-assembly to form distinct aggregate systems remains elusive. To unravel the molecular-level mechanisms behind the self-assembly of PDI units by probing the intermolecular interactions, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition, potential energy surface scans, and non-covalent interaction index analyses were employed on PDI dimer models. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and frontier molecular orbital analyses were implemented on the dimer models to comprehend the effect of heteroatoms and orbital interactions in stabilising the X-aggregates over the other PDI aggregate systems. Competition between the attractive and repulsive non-covalent interactions dictates a stability order of X > H > J > M > (+) > H* for the PDI aggregate system, while in the parent perylene system, the stability order was found to be X > (+) > H > M > J > H*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Megha Rajeevan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Rotti Srinivasamurthy Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
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9
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Mathew R, Mazumder A, Kumar P, Matula J, Mohamed S, Brazda P, Hariharan M, Thomas B. Unveiling the topology of partially disordered micro-crystalline nitro-perylenediimide with X-aggregate stacking: an integrated approach. Chem Sci 2024; 15:490-499. [PMID: 38179523 PMCID: PMC10762722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Profound knowledge of the molecular structure and supramolecular organization of organic molecules is essential to understand their structure-property relationships. Herein we demonstrate the packing arrangement of partially disordered nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI), revealing that the perylenediimide units exhibit an X-shaped packing pattern. The packing of NO2-PDI is derived using a complementary approach that utilises solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) techniques. Perylenediimide (PDI) molecules are captivating due to their high luminescence efficiency and optoelectronic properties, which are related to supramolecular self-assembly. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imide substituent poses a more significant challenge in crystallizing the resulting molecule. In addition to the alkyl tails, other functional groups, like the nitro group attached as a bay substituent, can also cause disorder. Such heterogeneity could lead to diffuse scattering, which then complicates the interpretation of diffraction experiment data, where perfect periodicity is expected. As a result, there is an unmet need to develop a methodology for solving the structures of difficult-to-crystallize materials. A synergistic approach is utilised in this manuscript to understand the packing arrangement of the disordered material NO2-PDI by making use of 3D ED, ssNMR and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The combination of these experimental and theoretical approaches provides great promise in enabling the structural investigation of novel materials with customized properties across various applications, which are, due to the internal disorder, very difficult to study by diffraction techniques. By effectively addressing these challenges, our methodology opens up new avenues for material characterization, thereby driving exciting advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Julie Matula
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Brazda
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2/1999 18200 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Brijith Thomas
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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10
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Lai W, Bu Y, Xiao W, Liu H, Guo J, Zhao L, Yang K, Xie S, Zeng Z. Magnetic Bistability in an Organic Radical-Based Charge Transfer Cocrystal. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24328-24337. [PMID: 37878504 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an organic charge transfer cocrystal complex, consisting of a stable radical TPVr and an electron acceptor TCNQF4, as a rare sort of all-organic-based magnetic bistable materials with a thermally activated magnetic hysteresis loop over the temperature range from 170 to 260 K. Detailed X-ray crystallographic studies and theoretical calculations revealed that while a π-associated radical anion dimer was formed upon an integer charge transfer process from TPVr to the TCNQF4 molecules within the cocrystal lattice, the resulting TCNQF4·- π-dimers were found to exhibit varied intradimer π-stacking distances and singly occupied molecular orbital overlaps at different temperatures, thus yielding two different singlet states with distinct singlet-triplet gaps above and below the loop, which eventually contributed to the thermally excited molecular magnetic bistability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanru Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longfeng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
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11
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Keeping the chromophores crossed: evidence for null exciton splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6664-6679. [PMID: 37606527 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the supramolecular assemblies of organic chromophores and the development of design strategies have seen endless ripples of interest owing to their exciting photophysical properties and optoelectronic applications. The independent discovery of dye aggregates by Jelley and Scheibe was the commencement of the remarkable advancement in the field of aggregate photophysics. Subsequent research warranted an exceptional model for defining the exciton interactions in aggregates, proposed by Davydov, Kasha and co-workers, independently, based on the long-range Coulombic coupling. Fascinatingly, the orthogonally cross-stacked molecular transition dipole arrangement was foretold by Kasha to possess null exciton interaction leading to spectroscopically uncoupled molecular assembly, which lacked an experimental signature for decades. There have been several attempts to identify and probe atypical molecular aggregates for decoding their optical behaviour. Herein, we discuss the recent efforts in experimentally verifying the unusual exciton interactions supported with quantum chemical computations, primarily focusing on the less explored null exciton splitting. Exciton engineering can be realized through synthetic modifications that can additionally offer control over the assorted non-covalent interactions for orchestrating precise supramolecular assembly, along with molecular editing. The task of attaining a minimal excitonic coupling through an orthogonally cross-stacked crystalline architecture envisaged to offer a monomer-like optical behaviour was first reported in 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (PTE-Br2). The attempt to stitch molecules covalently in an orthogonal fashion to possess null excitonic character culminated in a spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer exhibiting a monomer-like spectroscopic signature. The computational and experimental efforts to map the emergent properties of the cross-stacked architecture are also discussed here. Using the null aggregates formed by the interference effects between CT-mediated and Coulombic couplings in the molecular array is another strategy for achieving monomer-like spectroscopic properties in molecular assemblies. Moreover, identifying supramolecular assemblies with precise angle-dependent properties can have implications in functional material design, and this review can provide insights into the uncharted realm of null exciton splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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12
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Bertocchi F, Sissa C, Painelli A. Circular dichroism of molecular aggregates: A tutorial. Chirality 2023; 35:681-691. [PMID: 36987936 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In this tutorial, we guide the reader through two alternative approaches to the calculation of circular dichroism (CD) spectra of chiral supramolecular assemblies of non-chiral chromophores. The two seemingly different approaches rely on the same basic approximations and are therefore expected to lead to similar results. For a dimer, we obtain explicit analytic expressions for the CD responses in the two approaches and demonstrate the perfect equivalence of the two methods. Numerical results for larger systems further validate this result. We hope that this tutorial will help young students and scientists entering the field to approach the fascinating topic of supramolecular chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Painelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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13
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Soldner S, Anhalt O, Sárosi MB, Stolte M, Würthner F. Donor-acceptor complex formation by social self-sorting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perylene bisimides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11656-11659. [PMID: 37702093 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03704e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly versus complexation with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) guest molecules is studied for a series of perylene bisimides (PBIs). Bulky imide substituents at the PBI guide their self-assembly into dimer aggregates with null-type exciton coupling. Host-guest titration experiments with perylene and triphenylene PAHs afford 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes whose properties are studied by single crystal X-ray analysis and UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Soldner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Olga Anhalt
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Menyhárt B Sárosi
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Liao Q, Li Q, Li Z. The Key Role of Molecular Packing in Luminescence Property: From Adjacent Molecules to Molecular Aggregates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306617. [PMID: 37739004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence materials act as the key components in many functional devices, as well as the detection and imaging systems, which can be permeated in each aspect of modern life, and attract more and more attention for the creative technology and applications. In addition to the diverse properties of organic luminogens, the multiple molecular packing at aggregated states frequently offers new and/or exciting performance. However, there still lacks comprehensive analysis of molecular packing in these organic materials, resulting in an increased gap between molecular design and practical applications. In this review, from the basic knowledge of organic compounds as single molecules, to the discernable property of excimer, charge transfer (CT) complex or self-assembly systems by adjacent molecules, and finally to the opto-electronic performance of molecular aggregates, the relevant factors to molecular packing and practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Liao
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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15
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Thümmler JF, Maragani R, Schmitt FJ, Tang G, Rahmanlou SM, Laufer J, Lucas H, Mäder K, Binder WH. Thermoresponsive swelling of photoacoustic single-chain nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11373-11376. [PMID: 37665625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
NIR-fluorescent LCST-type single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) change their photophysical behaviour upon heating, caused by depletion of water from the swollen SCNP interiors. This thermoresponsive effect leads to a fluctuating photoacoustic (PA) signal which can be used as a contrast mechanism for PA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus F Thümmler
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle D-06120, Germany.
| | - Ramesh Maragani
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle D-06120, Germany.
| | - Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Guo Tang
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Samira Mahmoudi Rahmanlou
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Jan Laufer
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle D-06120, Germany.
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16
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Bo Y, Hou P, Wan J, Cao H, Liu Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. One-Pot Synthesis and Excited-State Dynamics of Null Exciton-Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles Oligo-Grids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302664. [PMID: 37289569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in molecular aggregates plays a vital role in impacting and fine-tuning optoelectronic materials and their efficiencies in devices. A versatile platform to decipher aggregation-property relationships is built around multichromophoric architectures. Here, a series of cyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers featuring nanoscale gridarene structures and rigid bifluorenyl spacers are designed and synthesized via one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction. DPP dimer [2]Grid and trimer [3]Grid, which are cyclic rigid nanoarchitectures of rather different sizes, are further characterized via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. They exhibit monomer-like spectroscopic signatures in the steady-state measurements, from which null exciton couplings are derived. Moreover, in an apolar solvent, high fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state dynamics that resembled DPP monomer are gathered. In a polar solvent, the localized singlet excited state on a single DPP dissociates into the adjacent null coupling DPP with charge transfer characteristics. This pathway facilitates the evolution of the symmetry-broken charge-separated state (SB-CS). Notable is the fact that the SB-CS of [2]Grid is, on one hand, in equilibrium with the singlet excited state and promotes, on the other hand, the formation of the triplet excited state with a yield of 32% via charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 1 Yangshan North Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Zheng M, Yang Q, Lu C, Wu X, Yan W, Liu D. Nanostructured organic photosensitizer aggregates in disease phototheranostics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103598. [PMID: 37116827 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aggregate science provides promising opportunities for the discovery of novel disease phototheranostics. Under the guidance of aggregology and the Jablonski energy level diagram, photosensitizer aggregates with tunable photophysical properties can consequently result in tailorable diagnosis and treatment modalities. This review summarizes recent advances in the formation of nanostructured organic photosensitizer aggregates, their photophysical processes (e.g., radiative emission, vibrational relaxation, and intersystem crossing), and particularly, their applications in disease phototheranostics such as fluorescence imaging and sensing, photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and photodynamic therapy. It is expected that this comprehensive summary will provide guidance for the construction of nanostructured organic photosensitizer aggregates, for establishment of aggregation-photophysical property relationships and the development of novel disease phototheranostic nanomedicines. Teaser: This article reviews the electron-delocalized π system-caused formation of nanostructured organic photosensitizer aggregates, which undergo radiative emission, vibrational relaxation, or intersystem crossing pathways to achieve fluorescence imaging and sensing, photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China.
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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18
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Sebastian E, Hariharan M. A Symmetry-Broken Charge-Separated State in the Marcus Inverted Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216482. [PMID: 36697363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a long-lived charge-separated state in a chromophoric pair (DC-PDI2 ) that uniquely integrates the advantages of fundamental processes of photosynthetic reaction centers: i) Symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) and ii) Marcus-inverted-region dependence. The near-orthogonal bichromophoric DC-PDI2 manifests an ultrafast evolution of the SB-CS state with a time constant of τ S B - C S ${{\tau }_{{\rm S}{\rm B}-{\rm C}{\rm S}}}$ =0.35±0.02 ps and a slow charge recombination (CR) kinetics with τ C R ${{\tau }_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}}$ =4.09±0.01 ns in ACN. The rate constant of CR of DC-PDI2 is 11 686 times slower than SB-CS in ACN, as the CR of the PDI radical ion-pair occurs in the deep inverted region of the Marcus parabola ( - Δ G C R ${{-{\rm \Delta }G}_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}}$ >λ). In contrast, an analogous benzyloxy (BnO)-substituted DC-BPDI2 showcases a ≈10-fold accelerated CR kinetics with τ C R / τ S B - C S ${{\tau }_{{\rm C}{\rm R}}/{\tau }_{{\rm S}{\rm B}-{\rm C}{\rm S}}}$ lowering to ≈1536 in ACN, by virtue of a decreased CR driving force. The present investigation demonstrates a control of molecular engineering to tune the energetics and kinetics of the SB-CS material, which is essential for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
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19
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Díaz SA, Pascual G, Patten LK, Roy SK, Meares A, Chiriboga M, Susumu K, Knowlton WB, Cunningham PD, Mathur D, Yurke B, Medintz IL, Lee J, Melinger JS. Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3284-3299. [PMID: 36723027 PMCID: PMC9932853 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling exciton coupling in dye aggregates has become a greater focus as potential applications such as coherent exciton devices, nanophotonics, and biosensing have been proposed. DNA nanostructure templates allow for a powerful modular approach. Using DNA Holliday junction (HJ) templates variations of dye combinations and precision dye positions can be rapidly assayed, as well as creating aggregates of dyes that could not be prepared (either due to excess or lack of solubility) through alternative means. Indodicarbocyanines (Cy5) have been studied in coupled systems due to their large transition dipole moment, which contributes to strong coupling. Cy5-R dyes were recently prepared by chemically modifying the 5,5'-substituents of indole rings, resulting in varying dye hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, steric considerations, and electron-donating/withdrawing character. We utilized Cy5-R dyes to examine the formation and properties of 30 unique DNA templated homodimers. We find that in our system the sterics of Cy5-R dyes play the determining factor in orientation and coupling strength of dimers, with coupling strengths ranging from 50-138 meV. The hydrophobic properties of the Cy5-R modify the percentage of dimers formed, and have a secondary role in determining the packing characteristics of the dimers when sterics are equivalent. Similar to other reports, we find that positioning of the Cy5-R within the HJ template can favor particular dimer interactions, specifically oblique or H-type dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.
| | - Gissela Pascual
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Simon K Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
| | - Adam Meares
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.
| | - Matthew Chiriboga
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.
- Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
- Jacobs Corporation, Hanover, MD, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Paul D Cunningham
- Electronics Science and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
| | - Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
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20
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Sebastian E, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Excimer evolution hampers symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10824-10835. [PMID: 36320683 PMCID: PMC9491171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-lived symmetry-broken charge-separated states in chromophoric assemblies is quintessential for enhanced performance of artificial photosynthetic mimics. However, the occurrence of energy trap states hinders exciton and charge transport across photovoltaic devices, diminishing power conversion efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate unprecedented excimer formation in the relaxed excited-state geometry of bichromophoric systems impeding the lifetime of symmetry-broken charge-separated states. Core-annulated perylenediimide dimers (SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2) prefer a near-orthogonal arrangement in the ground state and a π-stacked foldamer structure in the excited state. The prospect of an excimer-like state in the foldameric arrangement of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 has been rationalized by fragment-based excited state analysis and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Effective electronic coupling matrix elements in the Franck-Condon geometry of SC-SPDI2 and SC-NPDI2 facilitate solvation-assisted ultrafast symmetry-breaking charge-separation (SB-CS) in a high dielectric environment, in contrast to unrelaxed excimer formation (Ex*) in a low dielectric environment. Subsequently, the SB-CS state dissociates into an undesired relaxed excimer state (Ex) due to configuration mixing of a Frenkel exciton (FE) and charge-separated state in the foldamer structure, downgrading the efficacy of the charge-separated state. The decay rate constant of the FE to SB-CS (k FE→SB-CS) in polar solvents is 8-17 fold faster than that of direct Ex* formation (k FE→Ex*) in non-polar solvent (k FE→SB-CS≫k FE→Ex*), characterized by femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectroscopy. The present investigation establishes the impact of detrimental excimer formation on the persistence of the SB-CS state in chromophoric dimers and offers the requisite of conformational rigidity as one of the potential design principles for developing advanced molecular photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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21
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Piwoński H, Nozue S, Habuchi S. The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:253-283. [PMID: 37102065 PMCID: PMC10125152 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence detection gradually becomes a pivotal real-time imaging modality, allowing one to elucidate biological complexity in deep tissues with subcellular resolution. The key challenge for the further growth of this imaging modality is the design of new brighter biocompatible fluorescent probes. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of organic-based nanomaterials with an emphasis on new strategies that extend the fluorescence wavelength from the near-infrared to the SWIR spectral range and amplify the fluorescence brightness. We first introduce the most representative molecular design strategies to obtain near-infrared-SWIR wavelength fluorescence emission from small organic molecules. We then discuss how the formation of nanoparticles based on small organic molecules contributes to the improvement of fluorescence brightness and the shift of fluorescence to SWIR, with a special emphasis on the excited-state engineering of molecular probes in an aggregate state and spatial packing of the molecules in nanoparticles. We build our discussion based on a historical perspective on the photophysics of molecular aggregates. We extend this discussion to nanoparticles made of conjugated polymers and discuss how fluorescence characteristics could be improved by molecular design and chain conformation of the polymer molecules in nanoparticles. We conclude the article with future directions necessary to expand this imaging modality to wider bioimaging applications including single-particle deep tissue imaging. Issues related to the characterization of SWIR fluorophores, including fluorescence quantum yield unification, are also mentioned.
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22
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Nonconventional 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-One Aggregates for Green Light Enhancement in Hybrid Biocompatible Media. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145012. [PMID: 35888478 PMCID: PMC9317074 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic aggregates currently play a prominent role, mainly for their unique optoelectronic properties in the aggregated state. Such properties can be related to the aggregates’ structure and the molecular packing mode. In the literature, we have well-established models of H and J aggregates defined based on the molecular exciton model. However, unconventional aggregates, the most unrecognized forms, have been generating interest among researchers recently. Within unconventional aggregation, aggregation-induced emission systems (AIE) are considered. In the present work, we discuss the effect of the forming of unconventional aggregation together with the change in dye concentration on the surface energy characteristics of the materials. All materials were prepared as hybrid biocompatible thin films where the matrix is TiO2 or TiO2/carbon nanowalls (CNWs) with the incorporated dye in the form of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO). Using the time-resolved emission spectra and the determination of surface parameters from contact angle measurements, we indicated the correlation between the changes in such parameters and the concentration of DFO dye in two types of TiO2 and TiO2/CNW structures. To examine the propensity of DFO for aggregation, the internal energy of the dye was assessed in several aggregate structures using Quantum chemistry calculations. The results emphasize that DFO is an attractive structure in the design of new fluorophores due to its low molecular weight, the presence of a nitrogen atom that provides good coordination properties, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Our studies show that when using suitable matrices, i.e., rigid media, it forms the preferred forms of aggregates in the excited state, characterized by high emission efficiency in the band maximum of around 550 nm.
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23
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Jadhav SD, Sasikumar D, Hariharan M. Modulating singlet fission through interchromophoric rotation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16193-16199. [PMID: 35749225 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed, exciton-multiplying phenomenon that can be utilized to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. It is well-understood that SF is sensitive to the local crystal morphology and an appropriately balanced coupling is essential to facilitate efficient SF. In this study, we show how the interchromophoric rotation selectively modulates the interaction between the monomer frontier molecular orbitals, promoting both fast and exothermal SF. We evaluate the effective electronic coupling for SF (VSF), the square of which is proportional to the SF rate, and the effective energies of the Frenkel exciton (FE/S1S0) and triplet pair exciton (TT) in a terrylene dimer model. Optimal interplanar rotation of the chromophoric moieties in slip-stacked arrangements pulls the effective energy of the TT state below that of the FE state. Consequently, SF is favored over competing pathways such as excimer formation, thereby enhancing the overall triplet yield. This work represents a step towards improvising the molecular design guidelines for SF and understanding the importance of interchromophoric rotation over the conventional slip-stacked arrangements for achieving favorable intermolecular electronic coupling towards efficient SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan D Jadhav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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Sasikumar D, Vinod K, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Exciton interactions in helical crystals of a hydrogen-bonded eumelanin monomer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2331-2338. [PMID: 35310511 PMCID: PMC8864807 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumelanin, a naturally occurring group of heterogeneous polymers/aggregates providing photoprotection to living organisms, consist of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) building blocks. Despite their prevalence in the animal world, the structure and therefore the mechanism behind the photoprotective broadband absorption and non-radiative decay of eumelanin remain largely unknown. As a small step towards solving the incessant mystery, DHI is crystallized in a non-protic solvent environment to obtain DHI crystals having a helical packing motif. The present approach reflects the solitary directional effect of hydrogen bonds between the DHI chromophores for generating the crystalline assembly and filters out any involvement of the surrounding solvent environment. The DHI single crystals having an atypical chiral packing motif (P212121 Sohncke space group) incorporate enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks arranged in a herringbone fashion with respect to each other. Each of the zig-zag helical stacks originates from a bifurcated hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl substituents in adjacent DHI chromophores which act as the backbone structure for the helical assembly. Fragment-based excited state analysis performed on the DHI crystalline assembly demonstrates exciton delocalization along the DHI units that connect each enantiomeric helical stack while, within each stack, the excitons remain localized. Fascinatingly, over the time evolution for generation of single-crystals of the DHI-monomer, mesoscopic double-helical crystals are formed, possibly attributed to the presence of covalently connected DHI trimers in chloroform solution. The oligomeric DHI (in line with the chemical disorder model) along with the characteristic crystalline packing observed for DHI provides insights into the broadband absorption feature exhibited by the chromophore. Single crystals of DHI monomer, a eumelanin precursor, adopt an atypical chiral packing arrangement incorporating enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks while its covalently connected DHI trimer forms double-helical crystals in the mesoscopic scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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25
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Mahalingavelar P, Kanvah S. α-Cyanostilbene: A Multifunctional Spectral Engineering Motif. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23049-23075. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable photophysical phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission offers excellent strategies to obtain the molecular materials possessing unique spectral signatures such as high fluorescence intensity, excellent quantum yield, large Stokes shift...
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26
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Mazumder A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Solvent dielectric delimited nitro–nitrito photorearrangement in a perylenediimide derivative. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8860-8870. [PMID: 35975155 PMCID: PMC9350666 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02979k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of vibrant excited-state dynamics and distinctive photochemistry has established nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as an exhilarating class of organic compounds. Herein, we report the atypical photorearrangement of nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI) to nitrito-perylenediimide (ONO-PDI), triggered by visible-light excitation and giving rise to linkage isomers in the polar aprotic solvent acetonitrile. ONO-PDI has been isolated and unambiguously characterized using standard spectroscopic, spectrometric, and elemental composition techniques. Although nitritoaromatic compounds are conventionally considered to be crucial intermediates in the photodissociation of nitroaromatics, experimental evidence for this has not been observed heretofore. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy combined with computational investigations revealed the prominence of a conformationally relaxed singlet excited-state (SCR1) of NO2-PDI in the photoisomerization pathway. Theoretical transition state (TS) analysis indicated the presence of a six-membered cyclic TS, which is pivotal in connecting the SCR1 state to the photoproduct state. This article addresses prevailing knowledge gaps in the field of organic linkage isomers and provides a comprehensive understanding of the unprecedented photoisomerization mechanism operating in the case of NO2-PDI. The unprecedented photorearrangement of nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI) to nitrito-perylenediimide (ONO-PDI) is shown to occur through a cyclic six-membered transition state triggered by visible-light excitation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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27
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Mu B, Zhang Z, Quan X, Hao X, Tian W. Perylene Bisimide-Based Luminescent Liquid Crystals with Tunable Solid-State Light Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57786-57795. [PMID: 34821143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perylene bisimides are among the most studied building blocks for supramolecular assemblies in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices for their exceptional optical and electronic properties; however, developing perylene bisimide-based luminescent liquid crystals remains a challenge for the strong π-stacking tendency of the large planar aromatic core to quench the emission. We here reported a novel strategy to achieve luminescent liquid crystals based on perylene bisimides by introducing a conformation-adjustable core to control the molecular stacking arrangement of planar perylene bisimides in the solid state. The emission wavelength is in the deep-red region with a luminescence efficiency of up to 10%. Fluorescence properties of the liquid crystals can be further regulated by photoisomerization-induced structural evolution from columnar to lamellar mesophases. These luminescent liquid crystals are also able to not only exhibit strong emission at high temperatures but also show attractive thermochromic luminescence tuning behaviors. This work provides a new strategy for the design and development of novel solid-state luminescent materials with potential for various optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhelin Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xuhong Quan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiangnan Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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28
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Nizar NSS, Sujith M, Swathi K, Sissa C, Painelli A, Thomas KG. Emergent chiroptical properties in supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11208-11226. [PMID: 34522920 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01583k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial provides a comprehensive description of the origin of chiroptical properties of supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies in the UV-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The photophysical concepts essential for understanding chiroptical signatures are presented in the first section. Just as the oscillator strength (a positive quantity) is related to absorption, the rotational strength (either a positive or a negative quantity) defines the emergence of chiroptical signatures in molecular/plasmonic systems. In supramolecular systems, induced circular dichroism (ICD) originates through the off-resonance coupling of transition dipoles in chiral inclusion complexes, while exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECD) originates through the on-resonance exciton coupling of transition dipoles in chiral assemblies resulting in the formation of a bisignated CD signal. In bisignated ECD spectra, the sign of the couplet is determined not only by the handedness of chiral supramolecular assemblies, but also by the sign of the interaction energy between transition dipoles. Plasmonic chirality is briefly addressed in the last section, focusing on inherent chirality, induced chirality, and surface plasmon-coupled circular dichroism (SP-CD). The oscillator strength is of the order of 1 in molecular systems, while it becomes very large (104-105) in plasmonic systems due to the collective plasmonic excitations, resulting in intense CD signals, which can be exploited for the design of plasmonic metamaterial platforms for chiral sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Shahana Nizar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 551, India.
| | - Meleppatt Sujith
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 551, India.
| | - K Swathi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 551, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Painelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 551, India.
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29
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Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Null Exciton-Coupled Chromophoric Dimer Exhibits Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13769-13781. [PMID: 34370481 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the structure-property relationships in multichromophoric architectures has pushed the limits for developing robust photosynthetic mimics and molecular photovoltaics. The elusive phenomenon of null exciton splitting has gathered immense attention in recent years owing to the occurrence in unique chromophoric architectures and consequent emergent properties. Herein, we unveil the hitherto unobserved null exciton coupling assisted highly efficient photoinduced symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) in a Greek cross (+)-oriented spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer (Sp-PDI2). Quantum chemical calculations have rationalized the infrequent manifestation of null exciton coupling behavior in Sp-PDI2. Negligible contribution of long-range Coulombic and short-range charge-transfer mediated coupling renders a monomer-like spectroscopic signature for Sp-PDI2 in toluene. The Greek cross (+)-arranged Sp-PDI2 possesses a selective hole-transfer coupling, facilitating the ultrafast dissociation of null excitons and evolution of the charge-separated state in polar solvents. Radical cationic and anionic spectroscopic signatures were characterized by employing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The substantial hole transfer electronic coupling and lower activation energy barrier of Sp-PDI2 accelerated the charge separation rate. The rate of charge recombination (CR) markedly decelerated due to falling into the inverted region of the Marcus parabola, where the driving force of CR is larger than the total reorganization energy for CR. Hence, the ratio of the rates for SB-CS over CR of Sp-PDI2 exhibited an unprecedently high value of 2647 in acetonitrile. The current study provides impeccable evidence for the role of selective charge filtering in governing efficient SB-CS and thereby novel insights towards the design of biomimics and advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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30
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Chen J, Tang N, Zhou J, Wang L, Jiang N, Zheng N, Liu L, Xie Z. Coexistence of Parallel and Rotary Stackings in the Lamellar Crystals of a Perylene Bisimide Dyad for Temperature-Sensitive Bicomponent Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3373-3378. [PMID: 33784108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coexistence of rotationally π-π stacked columns and discrete slip-stacked dimers of perylene bisimide (PBI) chromophores is revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction in the lamellar crystal of a head-to-tail linked PBI dyad. The rotary π-π stacked columnar moieties show H-type spectral character with relatively higher excitation energy, while the discrete slip-stacked π-π dimers have J-type spectral behavior with lower excitation energy. The lamellar crystals show relatively low photoluminescence efficiency of 12% at room temperature, while this dramatically increases to ∼90% at low temperature (80 K). Both of the rotary and slip-stacked moieties are emissive, and the nonradiative energy transfer processes between them are suppressed at low temperature, ensuring the highly efficient excimer-like long-lived fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehuan Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liangxuan Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nianqiang Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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32
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Organic Semiconductor Micro/Nanocrystals for Laser Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040958. [PMID: 33670286 PMCID: PMC7918292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductor micro/nanocrystals (OSMCs) have attracted great attention due to their numerous advantages such us free grain boundaries, minimal defects and traps, molecular diversity, low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Due to all these characteristics, they are strong candidates for the next generation of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of these OSMCs, discussing molecular packing, the methods to control crystallization and their applications to the area of organic solid-state lasers. Special emphasis is given to OSMC lasers which self-assemble into geometrically defined optical resonators owing to their attractive prospects for tuning/control of light emission properties through geometrical resonator design. The most recent developments together with novel strategies for light emission tuning and effective light extraction are presented.
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33
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Benny A, Ramakrishnan R, Hariharan M. Mutually exclusive hole and electron transfer coupling in cross stacked acenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5064-5072. [PMID: 35356382 PMCID: PMC8895660 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acenes in the Greek cross (+) stack orientation exhibit selective hole and electron transfer coupling based on gerade symmetry in frontier molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Ramakrishnan R, Nair NG, Hariharan M. Exciton Isolation in Cross-Pentacene Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17393-17402. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Nanditha G. Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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35
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Mohan A, Sasikumar D, Bhat V, Hariharan M. Metastable Chiral Azobenzenes Stabilized in a Double Racemate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3201-3208. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalu Mohan
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Vinayak Bhat
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of chemistryIndian institute of science education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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Chakraborty S, Varghese S, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Nanowires from an Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Chromophore. Chemistry 2019; 25:16725-16731. [PMID: 31638289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oligothiophene derivatives have been extensively studied as p-type semiconducting materials in organic electronics applications. This work reports the synthesis, self-assembly and photophysical properties of acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type oligothiophene derivatives by end-group engineering of quaterthiophene (QT) with naphthalene monoimide (NMI) chromophores that are further connected to a trialkoxy benzamide wedge. Conjugation to the NMI units reduces the HOMO-LUMO gap significantly, and consequently the absorption spectrum exhibits a bathochromic shift of about 50 nm compared with QT. Furthermore, extended H-bonding interactions among the amido groups of the peripheral wedges produce entangled fibrillar nanostructures and gelation in hydrocarbon solvents such as methylcyclohexane, wherein the A-D-A chromophore exhibits typical H-aggregation. On the contrary, the fact that the same chromophore, lacking only the amido units, does not produce gels or H-aggregates indicates strong impact of H-bonding on the self-assembly. Computational studies revealed the electronic properties of the chromophore and predicted the geometry of a dimer in the H-aggregate that reasonably matches with the experimental results. Bulk electrical conductivity measurements determined an excellent conductivity of 2.3×10-2 S cm-1 for the H-aggregated system (OT-1), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the same chromophore lacking the amido groups (OT-2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinto Varghese
- Technical Research Center, Indian Association for the Cultivation of, Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, India.,Technical Research Center, Indian Association for the Cultivation of, Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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38
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Ramakrishnan R, Niyas MA, Lijina MP, Hariharan M. Distinct Crystalline Aromatic Structural Motifs: Identification, Classification, and Implications. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3075-3086. [PMID: 31449389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial noncovalent helical organization of nucleobases in DNA and radial organization of chromophores in natural light-harvesting systems are fascinating yet enigmatic. Understanding the numerous weak interactions that drive the formation of elegant supramolecular architectures in native natural systems and developing bioinspired design strategies have seen a surge of interest in recent decades. Self-assembly of functional chromophores in the crystalline phase is a definitive strategy to identify novel molecule-molecule interactions, in particular, atom-atom interactions, and to understand the synergistic nature of noncovalent interactions that stabilizes the supramolecular organization. This Account narrates our recent efforts in developing desirable supramolecular motifs employing weak interaction-based strategies and our observation of deviations from the common motifs chartered in aromatic systems. Modulation of long-range aromatic interactions through chemical modifications (acylation, benzoylation, haloacylation, and alkylation of chromophores) to attain a preferred stacking (herringbone, lamellar, or columnar) is presented. Particular attention has been given to attaining lamellar or columnar packing possessing potential interchromophoric electronic coupling mediated high charge mobility. Supramolecular arrangements of noncovalently or covalently associated donor-acceptor systems that open up additional possibilities of packing modes (segregated, mixed etc.) are explored. Our persistent efforts yielded distinct twisted-segregated and alternate distichous stacks for the nonparallel covalently linked donor-acceptor systems that favor a long-lived photoinduced charge-separated state. We further move on to discuss the unconventional packing motifs that were identified recently. The highly sought-after Greek cross (+) stacking of chromophores in crystalline phase and an elegant crystalline radial arrangement of chromophores are examined. The Greek cross (+) stacked architecture exhibits monomer-like emission characteristics owing to the absence of exciton coupling across the orthogonally stacked chromophores. Crystalline helical chromophore assembly is yet another emerging motif with far-reaching applications in domains ranging from asymmetric catalysis to chiral smart materials and has been accounted here by citing certain phenomenal examples from literature. Thus, this Account demonstrates that identifying and classifying new structural motifs based on topological aspects, such as interchromophoric orientation (cross) and extended chromophore arrangement in the crystal lattice (radial, helical, etc.), are crucial since such fundamental characteristics dictate the properties emerging out of the corresponding motifs. Encouraged from ours and others' works, we propose the addition of new aromatic supramolecular structural motifs, namely, cross-stacked, helical, and radial arrangements, in order to expand the classification. We believe that identifying new emergent property-based supramolecular motifs and investigating the methods to achieve the desired motif will eventually have implications in fundamental crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, and biomimetic design of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - M. A. Niyas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - M. P. Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Schmidt D, Stolte M, Süß J, Liess A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Protein-like Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Chromophore as a Bright Microcrystalline Emitter Material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13385-13389. [PMID: 31329325 PMCID: PMC6772080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Strongly emissive solid-state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer-like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 % in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jasmin Süß
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Nayak N, Gopidas KR. Self-Assembly of a β-Cyclodextrin Bis-Inclusion Complex into a Highly Crystalline Fiber Network. An Effective Strategy for Null Aggregate Design. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8131-8139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Nayak
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Karical Raman Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, India
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42
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Schmidt D, Stolte M, Süß J, Liess A, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Protein‐like Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Chromophore as a Bright Microcrystalline Emitter Material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jasmin Süß
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Ruelas‐Alvarez GY, Cárdenas‐Valenzuela AJ, Cruz‐Enríquez A, Höpfl H, Campos‐Gaxiola JJ, Rodríguez‐Rivera MA, Rodríguez‐Molina B. Exploration of the Luminescence Properties of Organic Phosphate Salts of 3‐Quinoline‐ and 5‐Isoquinolineboronic Acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Y. Ruelas‐Alvarez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Fuente de Poseidón y Prol. A. Flores S/N C.P. 81223 C.U. Los Mochis, Sinaloa México
| | - A. Jaquelin Cárdenas‐Valenzuela
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Fuente de Poseidón y Prol. A. Flores S/N C.P. 81223 C.U. Los Mochis, Sinaloa México
| | - Adriana Cruz‐Enríquez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Fuente de Poseidón y Prol. A. Flores S/N C.P. 81223 C.U. Los Mochis, Sinaloa México
| | - Herbert Höpfl
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209 Cuernavaca México
| | - José J. Campos‐Gaxiola
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mochis Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Fuente de Poseidón y Prol. A. Flores S/N C.P. 81223 C.U. Los Mochis, Sinaloa México
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez‐Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C. (CIO) Loma del Bosque #115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, C.P. 37150 León Guanajuato México
| | - Braulio Rodríguez‐Molina
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán Ciudad de México México
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Niyas MA, Ramakrishnan R, Vijay V, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Anomalous Halogen–Halogen Interaction Assists Radial Chromophoric Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4536-4540. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Niyas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Vishnu Vijay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 695551
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45
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Yonezawa S, Sethy R, Fukuhara G, Kawai T, Nakashima T. Pressure-dependent guest binding and release on a supramolecular polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5793-5796. [PMID: 31041953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pressurization on a supramolecular host–guest system induces the compression of binding pockets, discharging the guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Ramarani Sethy
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Gaku Fukuhara
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
- PRESTO
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Japan
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