1
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Jung S, Wang L, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Katayama T, Kamada K, Hamura T, Tamai N. Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Pentacene Oligomers via an Intermediate State. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4554-4561. [PMID: 37191388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) is an efficient strategy of multiexciton generation via a singlet exciton splitting into a correlated triplet pair in one organic molecule with more than two chromophores. Propeller-shaped iptycene-linked triisopropylsilyl(TIPS)-ethynyl functionalized pentacene oligomers (pent-monomer, pent-dimer, and pent-trimer) were synthesized, and the iSF dynamics of pent-dimer and -trimer were monitored by a visible-near-IR transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Quantum yields of the triplet pair, ∼80%, of both estimated by near-IR TA spectral analysis are in good agreement with the results of global analysis and triplet sensitization experiments. The iSF rate of pent-trimer is slightly faster than that of pent-dimer even with one more chromophore site. The unexpectedly weak difference indicates the existence of an intermediate process to realize iSF. The intermediate process might be determined by through-bond electronic coupling of the homoconjugation bridge in the pentacene oligomers. Our results suggest the importance of the rigid bridge to the fast iSF rate and the elongated lifetime of the correlated triplet pair in pentacene oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunna Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1330 Sanda, Japan
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1330 Sanda, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Megro-ku, 152-8551 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Megro-ku, 152-8551 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Katayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1330 Sanda, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- IFMRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 563-8577 Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1330 Sanda, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1330 Sanda, Japan
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2
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Han H, Fu R, Wang R, Tang C, He MM, Deng JY, Guo DS, Stoddart JF, Cai K. Corralarenes: A Family of Conjugated Tubular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20351-20362. [PMID: 36264544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in host-guest chemistry, macrocyclic hosts with deep cavities are far from abundant among the large number of wholly synthetic hosts described in the literature. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of two new tubular hosts, namely, corral[4]arene and corral[5]arene. The former has been isolated and characterized as two conformational diastereoisomers, one is centrosymmetric and the other asymmetric. The latter, a fivefold symmetrical and flexible host, has also been investigated in detail. It is composed of five 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl units bridged by ethynylene linkers at their 2,2'-positions and adopts a pentagonal conformation with a tubular-shaped cavity in the presence of guests. This structure endows corral[5]arene not only with a conjugated backbone, capable of bright fluorescent emission (quantum yield, 56%), but also a deep π-electron-rich aromatic cavity with remarkable conformational flexibility. The adaptive cavity of corral[5]arene allows it to accommodate a wide range of neutral and positively charged electron-deficient guests with different molecular sizes and shapes. Binding constants between this host and these guests in three different nonpolar organic solvents lie in the range of 103 to 107 M-1. Moreover, corral[5]arene exhibits dynamic chirality on account of the axes of chirality associated with each of the five biphenyl units and displays first-order transformation as exhibited by circular dichroism in response to the addition of chiral guests. All these stereochemical features render corral[5]arene an attractive host for a variety of supramolecular and nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjić JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes-Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211304. [PMID: 35981224 PMCID: PMC9825917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a synthetic method for incorporating arenes into closed tubes that we name capsularenes. First, we prepared vase-shaped molecular baskets 4-7. The baskets comprise a benzene base fused to three bicycle[2.2.1]heptane rings that extend into phthalimide (4), naphthalimide (6), and anthraceneimide sides (7), each carrying a dimethoxyethane acetal group. In the presence of catalytic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the acetals at top of 4, 6 and 7 change into aliphatic aldehydes followed by their intramolecular cyclization into 1,3,5-trioxane (1 H NMR spectroscopy). Such ring closure is nearly a quantitative process that furnishes differently sized capsularenes 1 (0.7×0.9 nm), 8 (0.7×1.1 nm;) and 9 (0.7×1.4 nm;) characterized by X-Ray crystallography, microcrystal electron diffraction, UV/Vis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. With exceptional rigidity, unique topology, great thermal stability, and perhaps tuneable optoelectronic characteristics, capsularenes hold promise for the construction of novel organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curt M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Taylor Hamby
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - David W. McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
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4
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjic JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes ‐ Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Xiuze Wang
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curt M. Wong
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Taylor Hamby
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- The Ohio State University Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis UNITED STATES
| | - David W McComb
- The Ohio State University Material Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jovica D Badjic
- Ohio State University Department of Chemistry 100 W. 18th Avenue 43210 Columbus UNITED STATES
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5
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Liu H, Wang X, Ma L, Wang W, Liu S, Zhou J, Su P, Liu Z, Li Z, Lin X, Chen Y, Li X. Effects of the Separation Distance between Two Triplet States Produced from Intramolecular Singlet Fission on the Two-Electron-Transfer Process. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15509-15518. [PMID: 35930671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To harvest two triplet excitons of singlet fission (SF) via a two-electron transfer efficiently, the revelation of the key factors that influence the two-electron-transfer process is necessary. Here, by using steady-state and transient absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy, we investigated the two-electron-transfer process from the two triplet excitons of intramolecular SF (iSF) in a series of tetracene oligomers (dimer, trimer, and tetramer) with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as an electron acceptor in solution. Quantitative two-electron transfer could be conducted for the trimer and tetramer, and the rate for the tetramer is faster than that for the trimer. However, the maximum efficiency of the two-electron transfer in the dimer is relatively low (∼47%). The calculation result of the free energy change (ΔG) of the second-electron transfer for these three compounds (-0.024, -0.061, and -0.074 eV for the dimer, trimer, and tetramer, respectively) is consistent with the experimental observation. The much closer ΔG value to zero for the dimer should be responsible for its low efficiency of the two-electron transfer. Different ΔG values for these three oligomers are attributed to the different Coulomb repulsive energies between the two positive charges generated after the two-electron transfer that is caused by their various intertriplet distances. This result reveals for the first time the important effect of the Coulomb repulsive energy, which depends on the intertriplet distance, on the two-electron transfer process from the two triplet excitons of iSF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaobin Liu
- Shandong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Shandong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250014, People's Republic of China
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6
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Fan S, Li W, Li T, Gao F, Hu W, Liu S, Wang X, Liu H, Liu Z, Li Z, Chen Y, Li X. Singlet fission in colloid nanoparticles of amphipathic 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Catti L, Narita H, Tanaka Y, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Tkachenko NV, Yoshizawa M. Supramolecular Singlet Fission of Pentacene Dimers within Polyaromatic Capsules. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9361-9367. [PMID: 34133165 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a new set of supramolecular nanotools for the generation and modulation of singlet fission (SF) of noncovalent/covalent pentacene dimers. Two molecules of a pentacene monomer with bulky substituents are facilely encapsulated by a polyaromatic capsule, composed of naphthalene-based bent amphiphiles, in water. The encapsulated noncovalent dimer converts to otherwise undetectable triplet pairs and an individual triplet in high quantum yields (179% and 53%, respectively) even under high dilution conditions. Within the capsule, a covalently linked pentacene dimer with bulky groups generates two triplet pair intermediates in parallel, which are hardly distinguished in bulk solution, in excellent total quantum yield (196%). The yield of the individual triplet is enhanced by 1.6 times upon encapsulation. For both types of pentacene dimers, the SF features can be readily tuned by changing the polyaromatic panels of the capsule (i.e., anthracene and phenanthrene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Catti
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haruna Narita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, FI33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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9
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Hasobe T. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Molecular Architectures Utilizing Self-assembled Monolayers for Singlet Fission and Light Energy Conversion. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hasobe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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10
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Yoshino K, Sakai H, Shoji Y, Kajitani T, Anetai H, Akutagawa T, Fukushima T, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Room-Temperature Pentacene Fluids: Oligoethylene Glycol Substituent-Controlled Morphologies and Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11910-11918. [PMID: 33336576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis of solvent-free pentacene fluids at room temperature together with observation of singlet fission (SF). Three pentacenes with different number of ethylene glycol (EG) side chains (n) were employed (denoted as (EG)n-Pc-(EG)n: n = 2, 3, and 4). The morphologies of these pentacenes largely depend on the lengths of EG chains (n). (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 indicate fluid compounds at room temperature, whereas (EG)2-Pc-(EG)2 is a solid compound. Microscopic clustering with short-range interactions between pentacene chromophores was confirmed in X-ray diffraction profiles of solvent-free fluids. Such a structural trend is an important origin of SF and consistent with the steady-state spectroscopic results. To one's surprise, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that SF occurred in thin films prepared from solvent-free fluids of (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 in spite of such excessive EG chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Materials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Anetai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere FI33720, Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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11
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Jiang WL, Peng Z, Huang B, Zhao XL, Sun D, Shi X, Yang HB. TEMPO Radical-Functionalized Supramolecular Coordination Complexes with Controllable Spin–Spin Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:433-441. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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12
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Bergman HM, Kiel GR, Witzke RJ, Nenon DP, Schwartzberg AM, Liu Y, Tilley TD. Shape-Selective Synthesis of Pentacene Macrocycles and the Effect of Geometry on Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19850-19855. [PMID: 33169994 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentacene's extraordinary photophysical and electronic properties are highly dependent on intermolecular through-space interactions. Macrocyclic arrangements of chromophores have been shown to provide a high level of control over these interactions, but few examples exist for pentacene due to inherent synthetic challenges. In this work, zirconocene-mediated alkyne coupling was used as a dynamic covalent C-C bond forming reaction to synthesize two geometrically distinct, pentacene-containing macrocycles on a gram scale and in four or fewer steps. Both macrocycles undergo singlet fission in solution with rates that differ by an order of magnitude, while the rate of triplet recombination is approximately the same. This independent modulation of singlet and triplet decay rates is highly desirable for the design of efficient singlet fission materials. The dimeric macrocycle adopts a columnar packing motif in the solid state with large void spaces between pentacene units of the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan J Witzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David P Nenon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam M Schwartzberg
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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13
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Liu SH, Hou H, Deng ZY, Wang XR, Tang C, Ju YY, Feng LB, Tan YZ. Three-dimensional conjugated macrocycle with large polyaromatic blocks constructed by post-π-extension. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Miyamoto H, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on Singlet Fission Dynamics in Pentacene Ring‐Shaped Aggregate Models with Different Configurations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Miyamoto
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN) Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB) Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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15
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Zhao L, Kaiser RI, Lu W, Ahmed M, Evseev MM, Bashkirov EK, Azyazov VN, Tönshoff C, Reicherter F, Bettinger HF, Mebel AM. A Free-Radical Prompted Barrierless Gas-Phase Synthesis of Pentacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11334-11338. [PMID: 32266773 PMCID: PMC7383502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A representative, low-temperature gas-phase reaction mechanism synthesizing polyacenes via ring annulation exemplified by the formation of pentacene (C22 H14 ) along with its benzo[a]tetracene isomer (C22 H14 ) is unraveled by probing the elementary reaction of the 2-tetracenyl radical (C18 H11 . ) with vinylacetylene (C4 H4 ). The pathway to pentacene-a prototype polyacene and a fundamental molecular building block in graphenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes-is facilitated by a barrierless, vinylacetylene mediated gas-phase process thus disputing conventional hypotheses that synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) solely proceeds at elevated temperatures. This low-temperature pathway can launch isomer-selective routes to aromatic structures through submerged reaction barriers, resonantly stabilized free-radical intermediates, and methodical ring annulation in deep space eventually changing our perception about the chemistry of carbon in our universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI96822USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI96822USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | | | - Valeriy N. Azyazov
- Lebedev Physical InstituteSamara443011Russian Federation
- Samara National Research UniversitySamara443086Russian Federation
| | - Christina Tönshoff
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Florian Reicherter
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
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16
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Ito K, Nishioka T, Akita M, Kuzume A, Yamamoto K, Yoshizawa M. An aromatic micelle with bent pentacene-based panels: encapsulation of perylene bisimide dyes and graphene nanosheets. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6752-6757. [PMID: 32953033 PMCID: PMC7472825 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the quantitative formation of a new aromatic micelle from bent pentacene-based amphiphiles in water. Upon encapsulation, perylene bisimide dyes form a parallel stacked dimer and graphene nanosheets comprise few layer sheets with small lateral size.
For exploitation of a new class of aromatic micelles, we synthesized a bent pentacene-based amphiphilic molecule through Diels–Alder reaction. The amphiphiles bearing two trimethylammonium tethers assemble into a spherical aromatic micelle, with an average core diameter of 1.5 nm, in water at room temperature. The new aromatic micelle efficiently encapsulates perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes and graphene nanosheets (GNS) in water. The encapsulated PBI dyes form a parallel stacked dimer, exhibiting characteristic absorption and emission bands. In addition, the encapsulated GNS are composed of few-layer graphene sheets with an average lateral size of ∼7 nm, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The resultant, aqueous host–guest complexes are stable even after three weeks in water under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ito
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
| | - Tomoya Nishioka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
| | - Akiyoshi Kuzume
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan .
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17
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18
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Yoshizawa M, Catti L. Bent Anthracene Dimers as Versatile Building Blocks for Supramolecular Capsules. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2392-2404. [PMID: 31347840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This Account provides a comprehensive summary of our 1-decade-long investigations into bent anthracene dimers as versatile building blocks for supramolecular capsules. The investigations initiated in 2008 with the design of an anthracene dimer with a meta-phenylene spacer bearing two substituents on the convex side. Using the bent polyaromatic building block, we began to develop novel supramolecular capsules from two different synthetic approaches. One is a coordination approach, which was pursued by converting the building block into a bent ligand with two pyridine units at the terminal positions. The ligands quantitatively assemble into an M2L4-type capsule through coordination bonding with metal ions. The other is a π-stacking approach, which was followed by utilizing the block as a bent amphiphilic molecule with two trimethylammonium groups at the spacer. In water, the amphiphiles spontaneously assemble into a micelle-type capsule through the hydrophobic effect and π-stacking interactions. Simple modification of the building block allowed us to prepare a wide variety of coordination capsules as well as π-stacking capsules, bearing different hydrophilic side-chains, terminal substitutions, connecting units, polyaromatic panels, or spacer units. The coordination capsule possesses a rigid cavity, with a diameter of ∼1 nm, surrounded by multiple anthracene panels. The spherical polyaromatic cavity binds various synthetic molecules (e.g., paracyclophanes, corannulene, BODIPY, and fullerene C60) in aqueous solutions. With the aid of the polyaromatic shell, photochemically and thermally reactive radical initiators and oligosulfurs are greatly stabilized in the cavity. Biomolecules such as hydrophilic sucrose and oligo(lactic acid)s as well as hydrophobic androgenic hormones are bound by the capsule with high selectivity. In addition, long amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)s are threaded into the closed shell of the capsule(s) to generate unusual pseudorotaxane-shaped host-guest complexes in water. In contrast, the π-stacking capsule furnishes a flexible cavity, adaptable to the size and shape of guest molecules, encircled by multiple anthracene panels. In water, the capsule binds hydrophobic fluorescent dyes (e.g., Nile red and DCM) in the cavity. Simple grinding of the bent amphiphile with highly hydrophobic nanocarbons such as fullerenes, nanographenes, and carbon nanotubes (followed by sonication) as well as metal-complexes such as Cu(II)-phthalocyanines and Mn(III)-tetraphenylporphyrins leads to the efficient formation of water-soluble host-guest complexes upon encapsulation. Red emission from otherwise water-deactivated Eu(III)-complexes is largely enhanced in water through encapsulation. Moreover, the incorporation of pH- and photoswitches into the amphiphile affords stimuli-responsive π-stacking capsules, capable of releasing bound guests by the addition of acid and light irradiation, respectively, in water. The host functions of the coordination and π-stacking capsules are complementary to each other, which enables selection of the capsule-type depending on the envisioned target. We are convinced that continued investigation of the present supramolecular capsules featuring the bent anthracene dimer and its derivatives will further increase their value as advanced molecular tools for synthetic, analytical, material, biological, and/or medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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19
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Pun AB, Asadpoordarvish A, Kumarasamy E, Tayebjee MJY, Niesner D, McCamey DR, Sanders SN, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Ultra-fast intramolecular singlet fission to persistent multiexcitons by molecular design. Nat Chem 2019; 11:821-828. [PMID: 31406323 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission-that is, the generation of two triplets from a lone singlet state-has recently resurfaced as a promising process for the generation of multiexcitons in organic systems. Although advances in this area have led to the discovery of modular classes of chromophores, controlling the fate of the multiexciton states has been a major challenge; for example, promoting fast multiexciton generation while maintaining long triplet lifetimes. Unravelling the dynamical evolution of the spin- and energy conversion processes from the transition of singlet excitons to correlated triplet pairs and individual triplet excitons is necessary to design materials that are optimized for translational technologies. Here, we engineer molecules featuring a discrete energy gradient that promotes the migration of strongly coupled triplet pairs to a spatially separated, weakly coupled state that readily dissociates into free triplets. This 'energy cleft' concept allows us to combine the amplification and migration processes within a single molecule, with rapid dissociation of tightly bound triplet pairs into individual triplets that exhibit lifetimes of ~20 µs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Pun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, NewYork, NY, USA
| | - Amir Asadpoordarvish
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Niesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, NewYork, NY, USA.,Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, MA, USA
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, NewYork, NY, USA. .,Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, NewYork, NY, USA.
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, MA, USA. .,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Nakano M. Quantum master equation approach to singlet fission dynamics in pentacene ring-shaped aggregate models. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234305. [PMID: 31228908 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum master equation approach is applied to the singlet fission (SF) dynamics of pentacene ring-shaped aggregate models to clarify the Frenkel excitonic (FE) coupling effects on the SF rate and correlated-triplet pair (TT) yield as well as their dependences on the aggregate structure and size. Interestingly, the smallest ring model, a ring-shaped trimer, is found to exhibit a significantly smaller SF rate and a slightly smaller TT yield than those of the dimer model with the same intermonomer interaction and to show remarkable variations in the SF dynamics with increasing the FE coupling. With increasing the size of the aggregates with FE coupling, it is found that the SF rate rapidly increases, attains the maximum at 17-mer (∼3 times enhancement compared to the non-FE-coupling case), and then decreases, approaching a stationary value around 25-mer, while the almost stationary TT yield at 25-mer remains 16% smaller than that in the non-FE-coupling case. These features are found to be in qualitative agreement with those in the corresponding linear aggregates, although the aggregate size gives a maximum SF rate, and the values of the maximum SF rate as well as of the converged TT yield are different between the ring-shaped and linear aggregates. These results are interpreted based on the relative relaxation factors between the adiabatic exciton states as well as on the vibronic coupling effects. The present results contribute to a deeper understanding of the aggregate structure and size dependences of SF dynamics and to constructing the design guidelines for highly efficient SF aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; and Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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