1
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Arai S, Nakazawa K, Yang XF, Nakajima M, Harada S, Nishida A. Nickel-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydrocyanation of alkynoates and its mechanistic insights proposed by DFT calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3606-3610. [PMID: 38629974 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a nickel-catalysed regio- and stereoselective hydrocyanation of alkynoates that gives syn-β-cyanoalkenes. DFT calculations suggest that a favored transition state promotes Cα-H bond formation for determining regio- and stereoselectivity of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinji Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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2
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Wang X, Liu T, Chen M, Liang Q, Jiang J, Chen L, Fan K, Zhang J, Gao L. An Erythrocyte-Templated Iron Single-Atom Nanozyme for Wound Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307844. [PMID: 38054654 PMCID: PMC10853745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron single-atom nanozymes represent a promising artificial enzyme with superior activity owing to uniform active sites that can precisely mimic active center of nature enzymes. However, current synthetic strategies are hard to guarantee each active site at single-atom state. In this work, an erythrocyte-templated strategy by utilizing intrinsic hemin active center of hemoglobin as sing-atom source for nanozyme formation is developed. By combining cell fixation, porous salinization, and high-temperature carbonization, erythrocytes are successfully served as uniform templates to synthesize nanozymes with fully single-atom FeN4 active sites which derived from hemin of hemoglobin, resulting in an enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of erythrocyte-templated nanozyme (ETN) shows dependence on animal species, among which murine ETN performed superior catalytic efficiency. In addition, the as-prepared ETNs display a honeycomb-like network structure, serving as a sponge to accelerate hemostasis based on the interactions with prothrombin and fibrinogen. These features enable ETN to effectively kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by combining POD-like catalysis with near-infrared (NIR) induced photothermal effect, and subsequently suitable to promote wound healing. This study provides a proof-of-concept for facile fabrication of multifunctional nanozymes with uniform single-atom active sites by utilizing intrinsic iron structure characteristics of biogenic source like erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHaidianBeijing100049China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Life Science and BioengineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityHaidianBeijing100044China
- School of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
| | - Mengxia Chen
- College of Life Science and BioengineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityHaidianBeijing100044China
- School of Life SciencesJilin Normal UniversitySipingJilin136000China
| | - Qian Liang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
| | - Jing Jiang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
| | - Lei Chen
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450000China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and BioengineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityHaidianBeijing100044China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for NanozymeKey Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChaoyangBeijing100101China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450000China
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3
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Kiyokawa K, Noguchi I, Nagata T, Minakata S. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Stereospecific Bromocyanation of Styrene Derivatives with Cyanogen Bromide. Org Lett 2023; 25:2537-2542. [PMID: 36971409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We, herein, report on the bromocyanation of styrene derivatives with cyanogen bromide in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane which functions as a Lewis acid catalyst that can effectively activate cyanogen bromide. This reaction proceeds through a stereospecific syn-addition. The protocol is operationally simple and provides practical access to β-bromonitriles.
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4
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Kiyokawa K, Ishizuka M, Minakata S. Stereospecific Oxycyanation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Cyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218743. [PMID: 36702752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxycyanation of alkenes would allow the direct construction of useful β-hydroxy nitrile scaffolds. However, only limited examples of such reactions have been reported, and some problems including limited substrate scope and the lack of diastereocontrol in the case of the oxycyanation of internal alkenes have arisen. We herein report on the intermolecular oxycyanation of alkenes using p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6 F5 )3 ) as a catalyst, affording products that contain a sulfinyloxy group and a cyano group at the vicinal position. The reaction features a stereospecific syn-addition. The reaction also shows a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations by experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the reaction proceeds via an unprecedented stereospecific mechanism through the electrophilic cyanation of alkenes, in which B(C6 F5 )3 efficiently activates TsCN through the coordination of the cyano group to the boron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miu Ishizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Wong A, Alcántara G, Avalos M, Wu G, Ménard G. Facile Synthesis of (C
6
F
5
)
2
BBr and (C
6
F
5
)
2
BX(OEt
2
) (X=Cl, Br) using Hydrogen Halides and Piers’ Borane. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Gustavo Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Matthew Avalos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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6
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Xie K, Oestreich M. Decarbonylative Transfer Hydrochlorination of Alkenes and Alkynes Based on a B(C
6
F
5
)
3
‐Initiated Grob Fragmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203692. [PMID: 35325506 PMCID: PMC9321001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Readily available cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ylcarbonyl chloride derivatives are introduced as bench‐stable HCl surrogates for transfer hydrochlorination of terminal and internal alkenes as well as selected alkynes. The stepwise Grob fragmentation of those acyl chlorides into chloride, carbon monoxide, a low‐molecular‐weight arene, and a proton is promoted by B(C6F5)3. This decarbonylative transfer process enables the addition of HCl across C−C double and triple bonds with Markovnikov selectivity at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixue Xie
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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7
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Peng Y, Oestreich M. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Reductive Denitrogenation of Benzonitrile Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:2940-2943. [PMID: 35417183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A B(C6F5)3-catalyzed reductive denitrogenation of aromatic nitriles is reported, achieving the metal-free transformation of a cyano into a methyl group in a single synthetic operation. Tris(phenylsilyl)amine is liberated as the nitrogen-containing byproduct. On the basis of control experiments as well as a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, an SN1-type mechanism involving a trisilylammonium ion as a key intermediate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Xie K, Oestreich M. Decarbonylative Transfer Hydrochlorination of Alkenes and Alkynes Based on a B(C6F5)3‐Initiated Grob Fragmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixue Xie
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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9
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Wang CS, Yu Y, Sunada Y, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Cobalt-Catalyzed Carbo- and Hydrocyanation of Alkynes via C–CN Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473061, P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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10
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Reisenbauer JC, Bhawal BN, Jelmini N, Morandi B. Development of an Operationally Simple, Scalable, and HCN-Free Transfer Hydrocyanation Protocol Using an Air-Stable Nickel Precatalyst. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin N. Bhawal
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Jelmini
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Ren X, Wang G, Ji X, Dong K. Synthesis of Two Types of Nitriles Both Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers in One-Pot Manner. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Weidkamp AJ, Oestreich M. Metal-free transfer hydrochlorination of internal C-C triple bonds with a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-based surrogate releasing two molecules of hydrogen chloride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:973-976. [PMID: 34950942 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of a transfer hydrochlorination reagent based on a trichlorinated bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane core that transfers two molecules of HCl per molecule of surrogate to a π-basic substrate under B(C6F5)3 catalysis is reported. Lewis acid-assisted chloride abstraction followed by thermal electrocyclic cyclopropyl-to-allyl cation ring opening releases ring strain as a previously unexploited driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Weidkamp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Li L, Kail S, Weber SM, Hilt G. Indium‐katalysierte Transferhydrierung zur reduktiven Cyclisierung von 2‐Alkinylenonen zu trisubstituierten Furanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luomo Li
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Sascha Kail
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Sebastian M. Weber
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9–11 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
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14
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Li L, Kail S, Weber SM, Hilt G. Indium-Catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation for the Reductive Cyclisation of 2-Alkynyl Enones towards Trisubstituted Furans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23661-23666. [PMID: 34476880 PMCID: PMC8597135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Indium tribromide catalysed the transfer hydrogenation from dihydroaromatic compounds, such as the commercially available γ-terpinene, to enones, which resulted in the cyclisation to trisubstituted furan derivatives. The reaction was initiated by a Michael addition of a hydride nucleophile to the enone subunit followed by a Lewis-acid-assisted cyclisation and the formation of a furan-indium intermediate and a Wheland intermediate derived from the dihydroaromatic starting material. The product was formed by protonation from the Wheland complex and replaced the indium tribromide substituent. In addition, a site-specific deuterium labelling of the dihydroaromatic HD surrogates resulted in site specific labelling of the products and gave useful insights into the reaction mechanism by H-D scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luomo Li
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
| | - Sascha Kail
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
| | - Sebastian M. Weber
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126111OldenburgGermany
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15
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Benn K, Nicholson K, Langer T, Thomas SP. A boron-nitrogen transborylation enabled, borane-catalysed reductive cyanation of enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9406-9409. [PMID: 34528968 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyanation offers a simple method for the introduction of a nitrile group into organic molecules and an orthogonal route for the installation of a wide array of functional groups using simple transformations. Cyanation methods are dominated by transition metal catalysis and the use of hydrogen cyanide gas. Here, the electrophilic cyanation of enones was achieved using a main-group catalyst and a non-toxic, electrophilic cyanide source. This protocol was applied across a broad substrate scope including those containing reducible functional groups. Mechanistic studies indicated an amino-borane intermediate which underwent B-N transborylation (B-N/B-H exchange) to achieve catalytic turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Benn
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemicals Development U.K., AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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16
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Li L, Hilt G. Indium Tribromide-Catalysed Transfer-Hydrogenation: Expanding the Scope of the Hydrogenation and of the Regiodivergent DH or HD Addition to Alkenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:11221-11225. [PMID: 34048092 PMCID: PMC8453857 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transfer‐hydrogenation as well as the regioselective and regiodivergent addition of H−D from regiospecific deuterated dihydroaromatic compounds to a variety of 1,1‐di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes was realised with InBr3 in dichloro(m)ethane. In comparison with the previously reported BF3⋅Et2O‐catalysed process, electron‐deficient aryl‐substituents can be applied reliably and thereby several restrictions could be lifted, and new types of substrates could be transformed successfully in hydrodeuterogenation as well as deuterohydrogenation transfer‐hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luomo Li
- Institut für Chemie, Oldenburg University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Institut für Chemie, Oldenburg University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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17
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Kiyokawa K, Urashima N, Minakata S. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Formal Cyanoalkylation of Indoles with Cyanohydrins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8389-8401. [PMID: 34077225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant achievements related to the C3 functionalization of indoles, cyanoalkylation reactions continue to remain rather limited. We herein report on the formal C3 cyanoalkylation of indoles with cyanohydrins in the presence of a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) catalyst. It is noteworthy that cyanohydrins are used as a cyanoalkylating reagent in the present reaction, even though they are usually used as only a HCN source. Mechanistic investigations revealed the unique reactivity of the B(C6F5)3 catalyst in promoting the decomposition of a cyanohydrin by a Lewis acidic activation through the coordination of the cyano group to the boron center. In addition, a catalytic three-component reaction using indoles, aldehydes as a carbon unit, and acetone cyanohydrin that avoids the discrete preparation of each aldehyde-derived cyanohydrin is also reported. The developed methods provide straightforward, highly efficient, and atom-economic access to various types of synthetically useful indole-3-acetonitrile derivatives containing α-tertiary or quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naruyo Urashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Jiang D, Li X, Cai J, Bai Y, Zhang L, Zhao L. Mechanistic study of the cooperative palladium/Lewis acid-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation reaction: the origin of the regioselectivity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1233-1238. [PMID: 33459329 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to gain insights into the catalytic mechanism of the palladium/Lewis acid-catalyzed transfer hydrocyanation of terminal alkenes to reach the linear alkyl nitrile with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The study reveals that the whole catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) oxidative addition generates the π-allyl complex IM2, followed by β-hydride elimination leading to the intermediate IM4, (ii) ligand exchange followed by Pd-H migratory alkene insertion gives the anti-Markovnikov intermediate IM6 and (iii) IM6 undergoes a reductive elimination step to form the linear terminal nitrile 3a and regenerates the active species for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. The oxidative addition step, with a barrier of 30.9 kcal mol-1, should be the rate-determining step (RDS) in the whole catalysis, which agrees with the experimental high temperature of 110 °C. Furthermore, the origin of the high regioselectivity of the product with excellent anti-Markovnikov selectivity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jiali Cai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lixiong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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19
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Chen W, Fang H, Xie K, Oestreich M. The Cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl Group as a Placeholder for Hydrogen: Organocatalytic Michael Addition of an Acetaldehyde Surrogate. Chemistry 2020; 26:15126-15129. [PMID: 32808731 PMCID: PMC7756304 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An aldehyde with a cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl group in the α-position is introduced as a storable surrogate of highly reactive acetaldehyde. The cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl unit is compatible with an enantioselective Michael addition to nitroalkenes promoted by a Hayashi-Jørgensen catalyst and can be removed by a boron Lewis acid mediated C-C bond cleavage. The robust two-step sequence does not require a large excess of the aldehyde component that is typically needed when directly using acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Huaquan Fang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaixue Xie
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Zhu C, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Catalytic Asymmetric Addition Reactions of Formaldehyde N, N-Dialkylhydrazone to Synthesize Chiral Nitrile Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:5217-5222. [PMID: 32525683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of nitrile-containing chiral molecules were synthesized via asymmetric nucleophilic addition of formaldehyde N,N-dialkylhydrazone as the nitrile equivalent. Chiral N,N'-dioxide/metal salt complexes enabled the asymmetric addition reactions to both isatin-derived imines and α,β-unsaturated ketones, generating amino nitriles and 4-oxobutanenitrile derivatives in good yields with high enantioselectivities. This protocol was highlighted by avoiding the use of toxic nitrile reagents, wide substrate scope, and versatile transformations of chiral hydrazone adducts into other valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chenhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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21
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Bhawal BN, Reisenbauer JC, Ehinger C, Morandi B. Overcoming Selectivity Issues in Reversible Catalysis: A Transfer Hydrocyanation Exhibiting High Kinetic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10914-10920. [PMID: 32478515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reversible catalytic reactions operate under thermodynamic control, and thus, establishing a selective catalytic system poses a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a reversible transfer hydrocyanation protocol that exhibits high selectivity for the thermodynamically less favorable branched isomer. Selectivity is achieved by exploiting the lower barrier for C-CN oxidative addition and reductive elimination at benzylic positions in the absence of a cocatalytic Lewis acid. Through the design of a novel type of HCN donor, a practical, branched-selective, HCN-free transfer hydrocyanation was realized. The synthetically useful resolution of a mixture of branched and linear nitrile isomers was also demonstrated to underline the value of reversible and selective transfer reactions. In a broader context, this work demonstrates that high kinetic selectivity can be achieved in reversible transfer reactions, thus opening new horizons for their synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Bhawal
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julia C Reisenbauer
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Frye NL, Bhunia A, Studer A. Nickel-Catalyzed Markovnikov Transfer Hydrocyanation in the Absence of Lewis Acid. Org Lett 2020; 22:4456-4460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils L. Frye
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anup Bhunia
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Sun F, Ni J, Cheng G, Fang X. Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Ni‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of 1,3‐Enynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5956-5960. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jie Ni
- Warshel Institute for Computational BiologySchool of, Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of, Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Gui‐Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational BiologySchool of, Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of, Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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24
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Naka H, Naraoka A. Recent advances in transfer hydration of nitriles with amides or aldoximes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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25
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Yu P, Bismuto A, Morandi B. Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrochlorination and Hydrobromination of Alkynes by Shuttle Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2904-2910. [PMID: 31769578 PMCID: PMC7028031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Described herein are two different methods for the synthesis of vinyl halides by a shuttle catalysis based iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrohalogenation of unactivated alkynes. The use of 4-chlorobutan-2-one or tert-butyl halide as donors of hydrogen halides allows this transformation in the absence of corrosive reagents, such as hydrogen halides or acid chlorides, thus largely improving the functional-group tolerance and safety profile of these reactions compared to the state-of-the-art. This method has granted access to alkenyl halide compounds containing acid-sensitive groups, such as tertiary alcohols, silyl ethers, and acetals. The synthetic value of those methodologies has been demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis where low catalyst loading was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wihelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Alessandro Bismuto
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wihelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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26
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Zhang H, Su X, Dong K. Recent progress in transition-metal-catalyzed hydrocyanation of nonpolar alkenes and alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:391-399. [PMID: 31844867 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02374g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocyanation is a powerful method for the preparation of nitriles which are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of amines, acids and amides. This review summarizes the research on transition-metal-catalyzed (asymmetric) hydrocyanation of nonpolar (or non-activated) alkenes and alkynes in the last decade. These studies involve the extension of HCN surrogates and unsaturated substrates, catalyst development as well as the improvement of the activity and multiple selectivities. The remaining challenges and personal future perspectives are presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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27
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Yu P, Bismuto A, Morandi B. Iridium‐katalysierte Hydrochlorierung und Hydrobromierung von Alkinen durch Shuttlekatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wihelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Alessandro Bismuto
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wihelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
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28
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Xing Y, Yu R, Fang X. Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Nitriles via Nickel-Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydrocyanation of α-Substituted Styrenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1008-1012. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Arai S, Nishida A. Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles through Cyanative Cyclization and Cycloaddition Reactions under Transition Metal Catalysis. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-20-930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Schuppe AW, Borrajo-Calleja GM, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Olefin Hydrocyanation without Cyanide. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18668-18672. [PMID: 31687821 PMCID: PMC6945496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective hydrocyanation of olefins represents a conceptually straightforward approach to prepare enantiomerically enriched nitriles. These, in turn, comprise or are intermediates in the synthesis of many pharmaceuticals and their synthetic derivatives. Herein, we report a cyanide-free dual Pd/CuH-catalyzed protocol for the asymmetric Markovnikov hydrocyanation of vinyl arenes and the anti-Markovnikov hydrocyanation of terminal olefins in which oxazoles function as nitrile equivalents. After an initial hydroarylation process, the oxazole substructure was deconstructed using a [4 + 2]/retro-[4 + 2] sequence to afford the enantioenriched nitrile product under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Nielsen CDT, White AJP, Sale D, Bures J, Spivey AC. Hydroarylation of Alkenes by Protonation/Friedel–Crafts Trapping: HFIP-Mediated Access to Per-aryl Quaternary Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14965-14973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D.-T. Nielsen
- Imperial College London, White City Campus,
Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Imperial College London, White City Campus,
Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Sale
- Process Studies Group, Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Bures
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Imperial College London, White City Campus,
Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH), 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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32
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Walker JCL, Oestreich M. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Transfer Hydromethallylation for the Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15386-15389. [PMID: 31449730 PMCID: PMC6856816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The design and gram-scale synthesis of a cyclohexa-1,4-diene-based surrogate of isobutene gas is reported. Using the highly electron-deficient Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 , application of this surrogate in the hydromethallylation of electron-rich styrene derivatives provided sterically congested quaternary carbon centers. The reaction proceeds by C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation at a tertiary carbenium ion that is generated by alkene protonation. The possibility of two concurrent mechanisms is proposed on the basis of mechanistic experiments using a deuterated surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. L. Walker
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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33
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Walker JCL, Oestreich M. Lewis Säure‐katalysierte Transferhydromethallylierung für den Aufbau quartärer Kohlenstoffzentren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. L. Walker
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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34
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Hanna S, Butcher TW, Hartwig JF. Contra-thermodynamic Olefin Isomerization by Chain-Walking Hydrofunctionalization and Formal Retro-hydrofunctionalization. Org Lett 2019; 21:7129-7133. [PMID: 31424215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a contra-thermodynamic isomerization of internal olefins to terminal olefins driven by redox reactions and formation of Si-F bonds. This process involves chain-walking hydrosilylation of internal olefins and subsequent formal retro-hydrosilylation. The process rests upon the high activities of platinum hydrosilylation catalysts for isomerization of metal alkyl intermediates and a new, metal-free process for the conversion of alkylsilanes to alkenes. By this approach, 1,2-disubstituted and trisubstituted olefins are converted to terminal olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hanna
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor W Butcher
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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35
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Köckinger M, Hone CA, Kappe CO. HCN on Tap: On-Demand Continuous Production of Anhydrous HCN for Organic Synthesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:5326-5330. [PMID: 31247792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A continuous process for the on-demand generation, separation, and reaction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using membrane separation technology was developed. The inner tube of the reactor is manufactured from a gas-permeable, hydrophobic fluoropolymer (Teflon AF-2400) membrane. HCN is formed from aqueous reagents within the inner tube and then diffuses through the membrane into an outer tubing containing organic solvent. This technique enabled the safe handling of HCN for three different organic transformations without the need for distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Köckinger
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) , Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) , Inffeldgasse 13 , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstraße 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Christopher A Hone
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) , Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) , Inffeldgasse 13 , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstraße 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) , Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) , Inffeldgasse 13 , 8010 Graz , Austria.,Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , Heinrichstraße 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
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36
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Mauksch M, Tsogoeva SB. Hückel and Möbius Aromaticity in Charged Sigma Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7457-7462. [PMID: 30969449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In sigma complexes, intermediates in nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution and other reactions, delocalization in the aromatic ring is formally disrupted. Unexpectedly, computational evidence is presented that favorable processes contain aromatic sigma complexes. Tetracoordinated carbon therein surprisingly employs orbitals that are more similar to sp2 than to sp3 hybrids in sigma bonds with adjacent ring atoms. Both leaving groups and nucleo- or electrophiles may donate electrons to the π-system depending on the availability of p-type orbitals to fulfill Hückel (4N+2) or Möbius (4N) rules of aromaticity in analogy to conjugated transition-metal metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mauksch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Computer Chemistry Center, Nägelsbachstrasse 25a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana B Tsogoeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary, Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Hori H, Arai S, Nishida A. Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization with the introduction of cyano, acyl and aminoalkyl groups. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4783-4788. [PMID: 31033992 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles using C[double bond, length as m-dash]C, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O and C[double bond, length as m-dash]N bonds under cobalt catalysis is described. The substituents on olefins are key for controlling the regio- and chemoselectivity in the initial hydrogen atom transfer step and quaternary carbons are efficiently constructed under mild conditions. Cyclopropane cleavage and tandem cyclization give highly functionalized bicyclic skeletons in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 2608675, Japan.
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39
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Hao Z, Shen Z, Li Y, Wang H, Zheng L, Wang R, Liu G, Zhan S. The Role of Alkali Metal in α‐MnO
2
Catalyzed Ammonia‐Selective Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6351-6356. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zhurui Shen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institude of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
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40
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Hao Z, Shen Z, Li Y, Wang H, Zheng L, Wang R, Liu G, Zhan S. The Role of Alkali Metal in α‐MnO
2
Catalyzed Ammonia‐Selective Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Zhurui Shen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institude of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental CriteriaTianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
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41
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Arai S, Nakazawa K, Yang XF, Nishida A. Nickel-catalyzed regioselective hydrocyanation of terminal alkynes by assistance of a tosyl group. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Wang H, Man Y, Xiang Y, Wang K, Li N, Tang B. Regioselective intramolecular Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes via photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11426-11429. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly regioselective Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes was successfully realized via photoredox catalysis by introducing a urea group and fine tuning hydrogen atom transfer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Yunquan Man
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Yanan Xiang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
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