1
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Yao Z, Wen X, Hong X, Tao R, Yin F, Cao S, Yan J, Wang K, Wang J. Deuteration-Induced Energy Level Structure Reconstruction of Carbon Dots for Enhancing Photoluminescence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308523. [PMID: 38816951 PMCID: PMC11304250 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Constrained by a limited understanding of the structure and luminescence mechanisms of carbon dots (CDs), achieving precise enhancement of their photoluminescence (PL) performance without altering the emission wavelength and color remains a challenge. In this work, a deuterated CD is first achieved by simply replacing the reaction solvent from H2O to D2O. The substitution of D atoms for H atoms is not limited on the surface but also within the internal structure of CDs. Deuteration affects the formation of the π-conjugated network structure by altering the content of sp2 carbon and sp3 carbon, ultimately inducing a reconstruction for energy level structure of CDs. Both the intrinsic state and surface state emission, including quantum yield, emission intensity and lifetime, are significantly enhanced after deuteration. It benefits from the reduction in non-radiative transitions, since the lowered vibrational frequencies of D atoms and optimized local energy level distribution in CDs structure. The deuterated CDs are applied in the fabrication of white-light-emitting diodes to show their application potential. This work provides a highly versatile route for improving and controlling photoluminescence performance of CDs and has opportunities to guide the development of CDs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Yao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Xiaokun Wen
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Xia Hong
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Ran Tao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Feifei Yin
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Shuo Cao
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology (Northeast Normal University)Ministry of EducationChangchun130024China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- College of PhysicsLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China
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2
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Arimura S, Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. Intermediate Color Emission via Nanographenes with Organic Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315508. [PMID: 38191241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) color can be tuned by mixing fluorophores emitting the three primary colors in an appropriate ratio. When color tuning is achieved on a single substrate, we can simplify device structures. We demonstrated that nanographenes (NGs), which are graphene fragments with a size of tens of nanometers, could be utilized as carriers of fluorophores. The addition of red- and blue-light-emitting fluorophores on the edge successfully reproduced the purple light. The relative PL intensities of the fluorophores could be regulated by the excitation wavelength, enabling multicolor emission between blue and red light. Owing to the triphenylamine units of the fluorophores, the NGs showed PL enhancement due to aggregation. This characteristic was valuable for the fabrication of solid polymer materials. Specifically, the functionalized NGs can be dispersed into polyvinylidene difluoride. The resultant polymer films emitted red, blue, and purple color. Our study demonstrated the potential applicability of NGs for fluorophore carriers capable of reproducing intermediate colors of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Arimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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3
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Application of Exciton Coupling for Characterization of Nanographene Edge. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300740. [PMID: 38226791 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The structural characterization of nonstoichiometric nanographene (NG)-organic hybrid materials is usually difficult. The number of substituents on the edge and their arrangements are frequently questioned but are difficult to answer. Since the number of functional groups is closely related to the distance between the nearest neighbors (dISD ), the extraction of dISD from spectroscopic data could provide important information on their structural characterization. We show that exciton coupling, which is a theoretical prediction of the absolute structures of discrete molecules, is a possible candidate to address this issue. The comparison of the calculated CD spectra of the chiral chromophores extracted from the model NG edge with the observed edge spectra indicated a dISD of ca. 8 Å; this corresponded to substitution on every other armchair edge. Furthermore, an up-up-down-down alternate orientation was found to be a possible edge structure. Although the procedure was limited to NGs carrying chiral substituents, our method could facilitate the detailed structural characterization of NG-organic hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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4
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Yan H, Wang Q, Wang J, Shang W, Xiong Z, Zhao L, Sun X, Tian J, Kang F, Yun SH. Planted Graphene Quantum Dots for Targeted, Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Long-Term Visualization of Local Pharmacokinetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210809. [PMID: 36740642 PMCID: PMC10374285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While photoluminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have long been considered very suitable for bioimaging owing to their protein-like size, superhigh photostability and in vivo long-term biosafety, their unique and crucial bioimaging applications in vivo remain unreachable. Herein, planted GQDs are presented as an excellent tool for in vivo fluorescent, sustainable and multimodality tumor bioimaging in various scenarios. The GQDs are in situ planted in the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) layer of PEGylated nanoparticles via a bottom-up molecular approach to obtain the NPs-GQDs-PEG nanocomposite. The planted GQDs show more than four times prolonged blood circulation and 7-8 times increased tumor accumulation than typical GQDs in vivo. After accessible specificity modification, the multifunctional NPs-GQDs-PEG provides targeted, multimodal molecular imaging for various tumor models in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, the highly photostable GQDs enable long-term, real-time visualization of the local pharmacokinetics of NPs in vivo. Planting GQDs in PEGylated nanomedicine offers a new strategy for broad in vivo biomedical applications of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02139, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenting Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02139, USA
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5
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Takahashi S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Computational Studies on the Structures of Nanographenes with Various Edge Functionalities. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200465. [PMID: 36377417 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies have often been carried out on hydrogen-terminated nanographenes (NGs). These structures are, however, far from those deduced from experimental observations, which have suggested armchair edges with two carboxy groups on the edges as dominant. We conducted computational studies on NGs consisting of C42 , C60 , C78 , C96 , C142 , and C174 carbon atoms with hydrogen, carboxy, and N-methyl imide-terminated armchair edges. DFT calculations inform distorted basal planes and similar HOMO-LUMO gaps, indicating that the edge oxidation and functionalization do not very influence the electronic structure. Comparison of observed UV-vis spectra of carboxy- and N-octadecyl chain terminated NGs with calculated spectra of model NGs informs the contribution of π-π* transitions on the basal plane to the absorptions in the visible region. A dimeric structure of NG and octadecyl-installed NG demonstrate that both the distorted basal planes and the steric contacts among the functional groups widen the surface-to-surface distance thereby allowing the invasion of solvent molecules between the surfaces. This picture is consistent with the improved solubility of edge-modified NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Integration of Nanographenes and Organic Chemistry - Toward Nanographene-based Two-Dimensional Materials. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200311. [PMID: 35650010 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its relatives have received considerable attention from the fields of physics and chemistry since the isolation of pristine graphene sheets. Nanographenes (NGs) are graphene fragments that are a few to tens of nanometers in diameter. Compared to graphene and its relatives, such as graphene oxides, NGs can be handled more easily, and their large π surface and oxygen functional groups on the edge allow postsynthetic modifications. The study of NGs is gradually shifting from the development of synthetic procedures to postsynthetic modification. From the structural point of view, NGs can be regarded as two-dimensional carbon polymers. Their unique structures and affinity for organic molecules make NGs excellent scaffolds for two-dimensional materials, which are now an important topic in organic and polymer chemistry. In this conceptual article, we introduce the position of NGs from the perspective of two-dimensional substances and briefly summarize both the structural features of NGs and the effects of functionalization on their physical properties. These are valuable when producing reasonable strategies for their postsynthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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8
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Fukui H, Sun R, Haino T. Electrochromism of Nanographenes in the Near‐Infrared Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200291. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Hiroji Fukui
- Advanced Technology Institute Corporate R&D Center Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. 2-1 Hyakuyama Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0021 Japan
| | - Ren‐De Sun
- Advanced Technology Institute Corporate R&D Center Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. 2-1 Hyakuyama Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0021 Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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9
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Fukui H, Sun RD, Haino T. Electrochromism of Nanographenes in the Near‐Infrared Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku chemistry JAPAN
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku chemistry JAPAN
| | - Hiroji Fukui
- Sekisui Chemical Co, Ltd Advanced Technology Institute, Corporate R&D Center 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka JAPAN
| | - Ren-De Sun
- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Advanced Technology Institute, Corporate R&D Center 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun Osaka JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University Department of Chemistry 1-3-1 Kagamiyama 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima JAPAN
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10
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Ðorđević L, Arcudi F, Cacioppo M, Prato M. A multifunctional chemical toolbox to engineer carbon dots for biomedical and energy applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:112-130. [PMID: 35173327 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications. They are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon-based core and the possibility to add various functional groups at their surface for targeted applications. These nanomaterials possess many interesting physicochemical and optical properties, which include tunable light emission, dispersibility and low toxicity. In this Review, we categorize how chemical tools impact the properties of carbon dots. We look for pre- and postsynthetic approaches for the preparation of carbon dots and their derivatives or composites. We then showcase examples to correlate structure, composition and function and use them to discuss the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain.
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11
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Nanographene - A Scaffold of Two-Dimensional Materials. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100257. [PMID: 34962042 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Substances can be divided into 0D to 3D species based on the number of repeating units (atom, ion, and molecule) and their arrangements in space (point, linear, layer, and solid). Discrete substances belong to 0D species, polymers are examples of 1D species, and molecular crystals are 3D species. Most of the substances belong to one of these species. On the other hand, those categorized into 2D species wherein the repeating units organize a layer are less explored. 2D species have a surface and edges. The incorporation of these structural features into a molecular design can realize multifunctionalized systems that are difficult to achieve by conventional organic synthesis. The development of 2D species is, therefore, the frontier of organic, inorganic, and polymer chemistry. Nanographenes (NGs) are suitable scaffolds for realizing 2D species due to several factors, such as chemical stability and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and on the edge, allowing postsynthetic modifications. Our group has utilized NGs with tens of nanometers in diameters for developing 2D species. Carboxy groups on the edge enable us to install various substituents into NGs, offering NG-based functional materials. These studies demonstrate that the integration of NGs with organic chemistry can widen the scope of their applications other than optical materials that are a main application of NGs. We introduce our recent studies on the development of NG-based functional materials realized by postsynthetic modifications. We hope that this account will contribute to the development of the chemistry of 2D species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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12
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Yao QF, Quan MX, Yang JH, Liu QY, Bu ZQ, Huang WT. Multifunctional Carbon Nanocomposites as Nanoneurons from Multimode and Multianalyte Sensing to Molecular Logic Computing, Steganography, and Cryptography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103983. [PMID: 34668311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by information exchange and logic functions of life based on molecular recognition and interaction networks, ongoing efforts are directed toward development of molecular or nanosystems for multiplexed chem/biosensing and advanced information processing. However, because of their preparation shortcomings, poor functionality, and limited paradigms, it is still a big challenge to develop advanced nanomaterials-based systems and comprehensively realize neuron-like functions from multimode sensing to molecular information processing and safety. Herein, using fish scales derived carbon nanoparticles (FSCN) as a reducing agent and stabilizer, a simple one-step synthesis method of multifunctional silver-carbon nanocomposites (AgNPs-FSCN) is developed. The prepared AgNPs-FSCN own wide antibacterial and multisignal response abilities in five channels (including color, Tyndall, absorption and fluorescence intensities, and absorption wavelength) for quantitative colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of H2 O2 , ascorbic acid, and dopamine. Benefiting from its multicoding stimuli-responsive ability, molecular concealment, and programmability, AgNPs-FSCN can be abstracted as nanoneurons for implementing batch and parallel molecular logic computing, steganography, and cryptography. This research will promote the preparation of advanced multifunctional nanocomposites and the development of their multipurpose applications, including the multireadout-guided multianalyte intelligent sensing and sophisticated molecular computing, communication, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jin Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qi Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
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13
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Chemical Modification of Nanographenes and Their Functions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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15
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. Self-Assembly of Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12706-12711. [PMID: 33689195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suitably decorated small aromatic systems can organize stacked structures that display interesting properties arising from their unique morphologies. Although nanographenes produced by top-down methods have graphitic domains and can in principle be applied for such supramolecular systems, to our knowledge, no such example has been reported thus far. This is partly because of their limited solubility in organic solvents and partly because of their wide lateral size distribution. To realize nanographene-based supramolecular aggregates, nanographenes carrying alkyl chains with narrow lateral size distributions are employed. We find that the nanographenes undergo self-assembly and that self-assembly is regulated by concentration, solvent polarity, temperature, and sonication. Optical measurements and AFM images indicate that stacked structures are possible candidates for aggregates. A molecular mechanics calculation models the interactions in the aggregates. The nanographenes showed concentration-dependent morphologies on mica, stacked structures at low concentrations and polymer-like network structures on mica at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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16
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. Nanographenes from Distinct Carbon Sources. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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17
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Nishitani S, Sekiya R, Matsumoto I, Haino T. Blueish-white-light-emitting Nanographenes Developed by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reactions. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have recently emerged as new carbon materials. Their nanoscale size results in a size-dependent quantum confinement effect, opening the band gap by a few eV. This energy gap allows NGs to be applied as optical materials. This property has attracted researchers across multiple scientific fields. The photophysical properties of NGs can be manipulated by introducing organic groups onto their basal planes and/or into their edges. In addition, the integration of organic functional groups into NGs results in NG-based hybrid materials. These features make the post-synthetic modification of NGs an active research area. As obtainable information on chemically functionalized NGs is limited owing to their nonstoichiometry and structural uncertainty, their structural characterization requires a combination of multiple spectroscopic methods. Therefore, information on the characterization procedures of recently published chemically functionalized NGs is of value for advancing the field of NG-based hybrid materials. The present review focuses on the structural characterization of chemically functionalized NGs. It is hoped that this review will help to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Yang M, Lian Z, Si C, Li B. Revealing the role of nitrogen dopants in tuning the electronic and optical properties of graphene quantum dots via a TD-DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28230-28237. [PMID: 33295343 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been suggested to have a wide range of applications due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Moreover, heteroatom doping has become a viable way to fine-tune the properties of GQDs. However, the working principle of the doping strategy is still not conclusive. In this study, the effects of size, configuration of the nitrogen dopant, and N/C ratio on the electronic and optical properties of GQDs have been carefully examined. First, the variation of the adsorption wavelength of pristine GQDs was evaluated for which a linear relation is established against different diameters. Moreover, it is found that both the configuration and content of nitrogen dopants have a significant impact on the adsorption wavelength and band gap of GQDs. In particular, different nitrogen species could have exactly opposite effects on the adsorption behavior. The origin of the nitrogen doping effect is calibrated from orbital localization, charge analysis, natural transition orbitals, and atomic contribution towards excitation. It is noted that nitrogen doping can simultaneously reduce both light adsorption energy and emission energy compared with the pristine one. This study provides an insightful explanation for the electronic and optical properties of GQDs and consolidates the theory base of the doping strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Pozharskii AF, Gulevskaya AV, Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Perimidines: a unique π-amphoteric heteroaromatic system. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data on the physicochemical characteristics, theoretical calculations, reactivity and synthetic methods for perimidines are summarized. Although perimidine and some of its simple 2-substituted derivatives were obtained by Sachs back in 1909, their chemistry and key physical properties remained unknown until the early 1970s. Subsequent studies revealed many fundamental features of the perimidine system, previously not encountered in the heterocyclic series. The first comprehensive review on perimidines was published forty years ago. The period that has passed since 1980 led to the emergence of new directions and trends. Several hundred new publications have appeared, the generalization of which has become the main purpose of this article. This primarily concerns the obtaining of highly nucleophilic and stable perimidine carbenes, new methods of electrophilic substitution and oxidation, establishment of a close relationship between perimidines and proton sponges, and modern theoretical calculations. Based on perimidines, many different polycondensed systems have been obtained. Applied research has developed especially rapidly in recent years. Many new compounds based on perimidines related to chemosensors, analytical reagents, dyes, metal catalysts, electronic devices, nanotechnology, and medical chemistry have been proposed. Some information under review is presented as Supplementary Materials. It contains six tables, which include data on the basicity constants of perimidines, details of some synthetic methods for perimidines and fused analogs and also a list of biological activities of perimidines.
The bibliography includes 387 references.
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21
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Visible-light triggered self-breathing-like dual-photoelectrode internal-driven self-powered sensor: Metal–ligand charge transfer (MLCT) induced signal-off strategy for the microcystin-LR assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Sekiya R, Haino T. Chemically Functionalized Two-Dimensional Carbon Materials. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2316-2328. [PMID: 32128984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs), also known as graphene quantum dots, have recently been developed as nanoscale graphene fragments. These nanocarbon species can be excited with UV light and emit light from the UV-to-visible region. This photoemission has received great attraction across multiple scientific fields. NGs can be produced by cutting off carbon sources or fusing small organic molecules to grow graphitic structures. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of NGs has been intensely studied. Recently, the number of research papers on postsynthetic modification of NGs has gradually increased. Installed organic groups can tune the properties of NGs and provide new functionalities, opening the door for the development of sophisticated carbon-based functional materials. This review sheds light on recent progress in the postsynthetic modification of NGs and provides a brief summary of their production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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23
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Sharma N, Wu HF. The emergence of red fluorescence from two-dimensional nitrogenated-stanene oxide nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10505-10510. [PMID: 32393944 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The instigation of fluorescence in 2D metal oxide nanosheets is a daunting task to achieve. In the present work, we have synthesized bright red fluorescent stanene oxide (rStNS nanosheets) using an exceptionally simple method. Tin(ii) chloride added to a complex solvent (non-aqueous solution) of acetone and acetonitrile was sonicated and incubated at ambient temperature for ∼six days. After three days (72 h), the solution turned light yellow with bright red fluorescence; this is possible due to interactions between Sn and nitrogen atoms in a nanoscale environment. The emission from rStNS nanosheets (λex = 370 nm) covered a broad range of the optical spectrum (with a prominent peak at 590 nm). Interestingly, after day five, the colour of the solution became darker, and the colour of fluorescence changed from red to green (gStNS nanosheets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallin Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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24
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Shuang E, Mao QX, Wang JH, Chen XW. Carbon dots with tunable dual emissions: from the mechanism to the specific imaging of endoplasmic reticulum polarity. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6852-6860. [PMID: 32186547 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs) is important but highly challenging. Here, carbon dots with tunable dual emissions were facilely fabricated via modulating the polymerization and carbonization processes of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) with lysine (Lys) as the co-precursor and modulator, respectively. The self-polymerization/carbonization of the OPD molecules contributed to the blue/green emission of the OPD-derived CDs. The introduction of Lys in the CD fabrication process efficiently suppressed the carbonization of the OPD polymer chains and enhanced the self-polymerization of the OPD molecules. Meanwhile, the formed OPD-Lys co-polymer chains endowed the final CD product with a new green emission center. The dual-emissive CDs were distinctly sensitive to polarity fluctuations, providing a ratiometric fluorescence response towards solution polarity. Due to their specific distribution in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the as-prepared dual-emissive CDs successfully distinguished the polarity variations in ER under stress, which offers a new approach for the early diagnosis of cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shuang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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25
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Nishitani S, Sekiya R, Haino T. Chirality-Embedded Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:669-673. [PMID: 31670446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of chiral nanographenes has mostly been carried out by bottom-up methods and examples of species developed by the post-modification of nanographenes prepared by top-down methods remain limited. We show that the attachment of chiral functional groups onto the edge of nanographenes generates chirality on the surface. X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the chirality of the functional groups is transferred to the surface via steric interactions from the chiral center through the five-membered cyclic imide to the nanographene edge. The exciton coupling between the p-bromophenyl groups confirms that the functional groups are arranged on the armchair edges at distances that permit exciton coupling, which provides information about their relative orientation. These pieces of information help to elucidate the edge structure of nanographenes prepared by top-down methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishitani
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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27
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Yamato K, Sekiya R, Nishitani S, Haino T. Intrinsic Emission from Nanographenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3213-3220. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Yamato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Shohei Nishitani
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceHiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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28
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Matsumoto I, Sekiya R, Haino T. A protocol for size separation of nanographenes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33843-33846. [PMID: 35528926 PMCID: PMC9073626 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We show that a combination of dialysis membranes (50, 25, 15, 8, and 2 kD) can conveniently separate nanographenes into five size distributions. The separated nanographenes can be employed as starting materials for carbon-based functional materials. Top-down methods are convenient preparative methods for nanographenes, although the products consist of graphene fragments with a broad size distribution. We developed a simple protocol for size separation of nanographenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
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