1
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Geue N, Freiberger M, Frühwald S, Görling A, Drewello T, Barran PE. Conformational Landscapes and Energetics of Carbon Nanohoops and their Ring-in-Ring Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6805-6811. [PMID: 38913548 PMCID: PMC11229059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanohoops are promising precursors for the synthesis of nanotubes, whose structural dynamics are not well understood. Here, we investigate the conformational landscape and energetics of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), a methylene-bridged CPP and a carbon nanobelt. These nanohoops can form host-guest complexes with other rings, and understanding their structure is crucial for predicting their properties and identifying potential applications. We used a combination of ion mobility, tandem mass spectrometry, and density functional theory to characterize the nanohoops and their ring-in-ring complexes, following the energetics and conformations of their disassembly from intact complexes to fragment ions. Our results show structural integrity of the nanohoops and host-guest complexes. They also reveal interesting trends in size, packing density, stability, and structure between [6]CPP, the methylene-bridged CPP, and the carbon nanobelt as guests in ring-in-ring complexes. Taken together, our work illustrates how mass spectrometry data can help to unravel the rules that govern the formation of carbon nanohoop assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Geue
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Markus Freiberger
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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2
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Zimnicka MM. Structural studies of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by ion mobility mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:526-559. [PMID: 37260128 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation and development of computational strategies for ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) studies have contributed to an extensive growth in the application of this analytical technique to comprehensive structural description of supramolecular systems. Apart from the benefits of IM-MS for interrogation of intrinsic properties of noncovalent aggregates in the experimental gas-phase environment, its merits for the description of native structural aspects, under the premises of having maintained the noncovalent interactions innate upon the ionization process, have attracted even more attention and gained increasing interest in the scientific community. Thus, various types of supramolecular complexes and assemblies relevant for biological, medical, material, and environmental sciences have been characterized so far by IM-MS supported by computational chemistry. This review covers the state-of-the-art in this field and discusses experimental methods and accompanying computational approaches for assessing the reliable three-dimensional structural elucidation of supramolecular complexes and assemblies by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Zimnicka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Palm EH, Engelhardt J, Tshepelevitsh S, Weiss J, Kruve A. Gas Phase Reactivity of Isomeric Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1021-1029. [PMID: 38640444 PMCID: PMC11066962 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Identification of stereo- and positional isomers detected with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is often challenging due to near-identical fragmentation spectra (MS2), similar retention times, and collision cross-section values (CCS). Here we address this challenge on the example of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) with the aim to (1) distinguish between isomers of OH-PCBs using two-dimensional ion mobility spectrometry (2D-IMS) and (2) investigate the structure of the fragments of OH-PCBs and their fragmentation mechanisms by ion mobility spectrometry coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (IMS-HRMS). The MS2 spectra as well as CCS values of the deprotonated molecule and fragment ions were measured for 18 OH-PCBs using flow injections coupled to a cyclic IMS-HRMS. The MS2 spectra as well as the CCS values of the parent and fragment ions were similar between parent compound isomers; however, ion mobility separation of the fragment ions is hinting at the formation of isomeric fragments. Different parent compound isomers also yielded different numbers of isomeric fragment mobilogram peaks giving new insights into the fragmentation of these compounds and indicating new possibilities for identification. For spectral interpretation, Gibbs free energies and CCS values for the fragment ions of 4'-OH-CB35, 4'-OH-CB79, 2-OH-CB77 and 4-OH-CB107 were calculated and enabled assignment of structures to the isomeric mobilogram peaks of [M-H-HCl]- fragments. Finally, further fragmentation of the isomeric fragments revealed different fragmentation pathways depending on the isomeric fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Palm
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 114
18 Stockholm, Sweden
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Josefin Engelhardt
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Weiss
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Kruve
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 114
18 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Geue N, Winpenny REP, Barran PE. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Large Synthetic Molecules: Expanding the Analytical Toolbox. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8800-8819. [PMID: 38498971 PMCID: PMC10996010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the composition, structure and stability of larger synthetic molecules is crucial for their design, yet currently the analytical tools commonly used do not always provide this information. In this perspective, we show how ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), in combination with tandem mass spectrometry, complementary techniques and computational methods, can be used to structurally characterize synthetic molecules, make and predict new complexes, monitor disassembly processes and determine stability. Using IM-MS, we present an experimental and computational framework for the analysis and design of complex molecular architectures such as (metallo)supramolecular cages, nanoclusters, interlocked molecules, rotaxanes, dendrimers, polymers and host-guest complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Geue
- Michael
Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute
of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Richard E. P. Winpenny
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Michael
Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute
of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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5
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Sarwa A, Białońska A, Sobieraj M, Martínez JP, Trzaskowski B, Szyszko B. Iminopyrrole-Based Self-Assembly: A Route to Intrinsically Flexible Molecular Links and Knots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316489. [PMID: 38032333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of 2,5-diformylpyrrole in self-assembly reactions with diamines and Zn(II)/Cd(II) salts allowed the preparation of [2]catenane, trefoil knot, and Borromean rings. The intrinsically dynamic nature of the diiminopyrrole motif rendered all of the formed assemblies intramolecularly flexible. The presence of diiminopyrrole revealed new coordination motifs and influenced the host-guest chemistry of the systems, as illustrated by hexafluorophosphate encapsulation by Borromean rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sarwa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Sobieraj
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Juan Pablo Martínez
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2c Banach St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2c Banach St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Bell DJ, Zhang T, Geue N, Rogers CJ, Barran PE, Bowen AM, Natrajan LS, Riddell IA. Hexanuclear Ln 6 L 6 Complex Formation by Using an Unsymmetric Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302497. [PMID: 37733973 PMCID: PMC10946940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear, self-assembled lanthanide complexes present clear opportunities as sensors and imaging agents. Despite the widely acknowledged potential of this class of supramolecule, synthetic and characterization challenges continue to limit systematic studies into their self-assembly restricting the number and variety of lanthanide architectures reported relative to their transition metal counterparts. Here we present the first study evaluating the effect of ligand backbone symmetry on multinuclear lanthanide complex self-assembly. Replacement of a symmetric ethylene linker with an unsymmetric amide at the center of a homoditopic ligand governs formation of an unusual Ln6 L6 complex with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. The choice of triflate as a counterion, and the effect of ionic radii are shown to be critical for formation of the Ln6 L6 complex. The atypical Ln6 L6 architecture is characterized using a combination of mass spectrometry, luminescence, DOSY NMR and EPR spectroscopy measurements. Luminescence experiments support clear differences between comparable Eu6 L6 and Eu2 L3 complexes, with relatively short luminescent lifetimes and low quantum yields observed for the Eu6 L6 structure indicative of non-radiative decay processes. Synthesis of the Gd6 L6 analogue allows three distinct Gd⋯Gd distance measurements to be extracted using homo-RIDME EPR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Bell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Niklas Geue
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Ciarán J. Rogers
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic ResonancePhoton Science InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic ResonancePhoton Science InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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7
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Stares DL, Szumna A, Schalley CA. Encapsulation in Charged Droplets Generates Distorted Host-Guest Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302112. [PMID: 37724745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of various hydrogen-bonded resorcinarene-based capsules to bind α,ω-alkylbisDABCOnium (DnD) guests of different lengths was investigated in solution and in the gas-phase. While no host-guest interactions were detected in solution, encapsulation could be achieved in the charged droplets formed during electrospray ionisation (ESI). This included guests, which are far too long in their most stable conformation to fit inside the cavity of the capsules. A combination of three mass spectrometric techniques, namely, collision-induced dissociation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and ion-mobility mass spectrometry, together with computational modelling allow us to determine the binding mode of the DnD guests inside the cavity of the capsules. Significant distortions of the guest into horseshoe-like arrangements are required to optimise cation-π interactions with the host, which also adopt distorted geometries with partially open hydrogen-bonding seams when binding longer guests. Such quasi "spring-loaded" capsules can form in the charged droplets during the ESI process as there is no competition between guest encapsulation and ion pair formation with the counterions that preclude encapsulation in solution. The encapsulation complexes are sufficiently stable in the gas-phase - even when strained - because non-covalent interactions significantly strengthen in the absence of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Lee J, Im D, Liu Y, Fang J, Tian X, Kim M, Zhang WB, Seo J. Distinguishing Protein Chemical Topologies Using Supercharging Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314980. [PMID: 37937859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A technique combining ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) and supercharging electrospray ionization (ESI) has been demonstrated to differentiate protein chemical topology effectively. Incorporating as many charges as possible into proteins via supercharging ESI allows the protein chains to be largely unfolded and stretched, revealing their hidden chemical topology. Different chemical topologies result in differing geometrical sizes of the unfolded proteins due to constraints in torsional rotations in cyclic domains. By introducing new topological indices, such as the chain-length-normalized collision cross-section (CCS) and the maximum charge state (zM ) in the extensively unfolded state, we were able to successfully differentiate various protein chemical topologies, including linear chains, ring-containing topologies (lasso, tadpole, multicyclics, etc.), and mechanically interlocked rings, like catenanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeonsangbuk-do (Republic of, Korea
| | - Dahye Im
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeonsangbuk-do (Republic of, Korea
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xibao Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeonsangbuk-do (Republic of, Korea
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Gyeonsangbuk-do (Republic of, Korea
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9
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Li M, Shi YQ, Gan X, Su L, Liang J, Wu H, You Y, Che M, Su P, Wu T, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Yao LY, Wang P, Xie TZ. Coordination-Driven Tetragonal Prismatic Cage and the Investigation on Host-Guest Complexation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4393-4398. [PMID: 36892430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
A coordination-driven host has been reported to encapsulate guests by noncovalent interactions. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a new type of prism combining porphyrin and terpyridine moieties with a long cavity. The prism host can contain bisite or monosite guests through axial coordination binding of porphyrin and aromatic π interactions of terpyridine. The ligands and prismatic complexes were characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), TWIM-MS, NMR spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The guest encapsulation was investigated through ESI-MS, NMR spectrometry, and transient absorption spectroscopy analysis. The binding constant and stability were determined by UV-Vis spectrometry and gradient tandem MS (gMS2) techniques. Based on the prism, a selectively confined condensation reaction was also performed and detected by NMR spectrometry. This study provides a new type of porphyrin- and terpyridine-based host that could be used for the detection of pyridyl- and amine-contained molecules and confined catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Qi Shi
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinye Gan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longbin Su
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialin Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiqi Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiting You
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meizi Che
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiyang Su
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tun Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liao-Yuan Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Xie
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Saura‐Sanmartin A, Schalley CA. The Mobility of Homomeric Lasso‐ and Daisy Chain‐Like Rotaxanes in Solution and in the Gas Phase as a means to Study Structure and Switching Behaviour. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Calle Campus Universitario, 5 30100 Murcia Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
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11
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Ashbridge Z, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Pirvu L, Schaufelberger F, Zhang L. Knotting matters: orderly molecular entanglements. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7779-7809. [PMID: 35979715 PMCID: PMC9486172 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Entangling strands in a well-ordered manner can produce useful effects, from shoelaces and fishing nets to brown paper packages tied up with strings. At the nanoscale, non-crystalline polymer chains of sufficient length and flexibility randomly form tangled mixtures containing open knots of different sizes, shapes and complexity. However, discrete molecular knots of precise topology can also be obtained by controlling the number, sequence and stereochemistry of strand crossings: orderly molecular entanglements. During the last decade, substantial progress in the nascent field of molecular nanotopology has been made, with general synthetic strategies and new knotting motifs introduced, along with insights into the properties and functions of ordered tangle sequences. Conformational restrictions imparted by knotting can induce allostery, strong and selective anion binding, catalytic activity, lead to effective chiral expression across length scales, binding modes in conformations efficacious for drug delivery, and facilitate mechanical function at the molecular level. As complex molecular topologies become increasingly synthetically accessible they have the potential to play a significant role in molecular and materials design strategies. We highlight particular examples of molecular knots to illustrate why these are a few of our favourite things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zoumpoulaki M, Schanne G, Delsuc N, Preud'homme H, Quévrain E, Eskenazi N, Gazzah G, Guillot R, Seksik P, Vinh J, Lobinski R, Policar C. Deciphering the Metal Speciation in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Complexes by IMS‐MS: Application to the Detection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimics in Cell Lysates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203066. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Zoumpoulaki
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
- SMBP ESPCI Paris PSL University, UMR 8249 CNRS France
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM, UMRS 938 Sorbonne University, INSERM 75012 Paris France
| | - Gabrielle Schanne
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM, UMRS 938 Sorbonne University, INSERM 75012 Paris France
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Elodie Quévrain
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | | | - Géraldine Gazzah
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Regis Guillot
- ICMMO UMR CNRS 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, INSERM, UMRS 938 Sorbonne University, INSERM 75012 Paris France
- Gastroenterology Department Saint-Antoine Hospital Sorbonne Université, APHP Paris France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- SMBP ESPCI Paris PSL University, UMR 8249 CNRS France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Universite de Pau, CNRS, E2S, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc 64053 Pau France
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
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13
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Deciphering the Metal Speciation in Low‐Molecular‐Weight Complexes by IMS‐MS: Application to the Detection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimics in Cell Lysates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Chen X, Duez Q, Tripodi GL, Gilissen PJ, Piperoudis D, Tinnemans P, Elemans JAAW, Roithová J, Nolte RJ. Mechanistic studies on the epoxidation of alkenes by macrocyclic manganese porphyrin catalysts. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200280. [PMID: 36249861 PMCID: PMC9541230 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Quentin Duez
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Guilherme L. Tripodi
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Dimitrios Piperoudis
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Molecular Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Jana Roithová
- Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Institute for Molecules and Materials: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Spectroscopy and Catalysis NETHERLANDS
| | - Roeland J.M. Nolte
- Radboud University Nijmegen: Radboud Universiteit Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ AJ Nijmegen NETHERLANDS
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15
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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16
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Ibáñez S, Vicent C, Peris E. Clippane: A Mechanically Interlocked Molecule (MIM) Based on Molecular Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) Universitat, Jaume I Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12006 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
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17
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Ng AWH, Lai SK, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Macrocycle Dynamics in a Branched [8]Catenane Controlled by Three Different Stimuli in Three Different Regions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Samuel Kin‐Man Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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18
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Geue N, Winpenny REP, Barran PE. Structural characterisation methods for supramolecular chemistry that go beyond crystallography. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:8-27. [PMID: 34817479 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has grown rapidly over the past three decades, yet synthetic supramolecular chemists still face several challenges when it comes to characterising their compounds. In this review, we present an introduction to structural characterisation techniques commonly used for non-crystalline supramolecular molecules, e.g. nuclear magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR and EPR), mass spectrometry (MS), ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) as well as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). We provide an overview of their fundamental concepts based on case studies from different fields of supramolecular chemistry, e.g. interlocked structures, molecular self-assembly and host-guest chemistry, while focussing on particular strengths and weaknesses of the discussed methods. Additionally, three multi-technique case studies are examined in detail to illustrate the benefits of using complementary techniques simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Geue
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Richard E P Winpenny
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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19
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Chu CW, Stares DL, Schalley CA. Light-controlled interconversion between a [ c2]daisy chain and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12317-12320. [PMID: 34734947 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A light-responsive self-complementary crown ether/ammonium conjugate bearing an arylazopyrazole photoswitch as a spacer can be switched between a [c2]daisy chain (E-isomer) and a lasso-type pseudo[1]rotaxane (Z-isomer) by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Daniel L Stares
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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20
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Ng AWH, Lai SKM, Yee CC, Au-Yeung HY. Macrocycle Dynamics in a Branched [8]Catenane Controlled by Three Different Stimuli in Three Different Regions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110200. [PMID: 34676960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A branched [8]catenane from an efficient one-pot synthesis (72 % HPLC yield, 59 % isolated yield) featuring the simultaneous use of three kinds of templates and cucurbit[6]uril-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CBAAC) for ring-closing is reported. Design and assembly of the [8]catenane precursors are unexpectedly complex that can involve cooperating, competing and non-influencing interactions. Due to the branched structure, dynamics of the [8]catenane can be modulated in different extent by rigidifying/loosening the mechanical bonds at different regions by using solvent polarity, acid-base and metal ions as the stimuli. This work not only highlights the importance of understanding the delicate interplay of the weak and non-obvious supramolecular interactions in the synthesis of high-order [n]catenane, but also demonstrates a complex control of dynamics and flexibility for exploiting [n]catenanes applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Chung Yee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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21
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Ibáñez S, Vicent C, Peris E. Clippane: A Mechanically Interlocked Molecule (MIM) Based on Molecular Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112513. [PMID: 34633757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the preparation of a new mechanically interlocked molecule formed by the self-aggregation of two metallotweezers composed by two pyrene-imidazolylidene gold(I) arms and a pyridine-centered pentacyclic bis-alkynyl linker. The mechanically interlocked nature of this molecule arises from the presence of the bulky tert-butyl groups attached to the sides of the pyrene moieties of the arms of the tweezer, which act as stoppers avoiding the dissociation of the self-aggregated metallotweezer dimer once it is formed. By combining experimental techniques, we were able to confirm the mechanically interlocked nature of this molecule in solution, in the gas phase and in the solid state. The behavior of the tert-butyl substituted tweezer differs greatly form that shown by the tweezer lacking of these bulky groups, whose dimeric structure is in equilibrium with the monomeric structure, therefore not showing any mechanical coercion that avoids the disassembly of the self-aggregated structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC), Universitat, Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12006, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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22
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Caprice K, Pál D, Besnard C, Galmés B, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Diastereoselective Amplification of a Mechanically Chiral [2]Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11957-11962. [PMID: 34323081 PMCID: PMC8397304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Achiral [2]catenanes composed of rings with inequivalent sides may adopt chiral co-conformations. Their stereochemistry depends on the relative orientation of the interlocked rings and can be controlled by sterics or an external stimulus (e.g., a chemical stimulus). Herein, we have exploited this stereodynamic property to amplify a mechanically chiral (P)-catenane upon binding to (R)-1,1'-binaphthyl 2,2'-disulfonate, with a diastereomeric excess of 85%. The chirality of the [2]catenane was ascertained in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by NMR and CD spectroscopies. This study establishes a robust basis for the development of a new synthetic approach to access enantioenriched mechanically chiral [2]catenanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dávid Pál
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Chen Y, Wu G, Chen B, Qu H, Jiao T, Li Y, Ge C, Zhang C, Liang L, Zeng X, Cao X, Wang Q, Li H. Self‐Assembly of a Purely Covalent Cage with Homochirality by Imine Formation in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chenqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiuqiong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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24
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Chen Y, Wu G, Chen B, Qu H, Jiao T, Li Y, Ge C, Zhang C, Liang L, Zeng X, Cao X, Wang Q, Li H. Self-Assembly of a Purely Covalent Cage with Homochirality by Imine Formation in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18815-18820. [PMID: 34129262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of host molecules in aqueous media via metal-ligand coordination is well developed. However, the preparation of purely covalent counterparts in water has remained a formidable task. An anionic tetrahedron cage was successfully self-assembled in a [4+4] manner by condensing a trisamine and a trisformyl in water. Even although each individual imine bond is rather labile and apt to hydrolyze in water, the tetrahedron is remarkably stable or inert due to multivalence. The tetrahedral cages, as well as its neutral counterparts dissolved in organic solvent, have homochirality, namely that their four propeller-shaped trisformyl residues adopt the same rotational conformation. The cage is able to take advantage of hydrophobic effect to accommodate a variety of guest molecules in water. When a chiral guest was recognized, the formation of one enantiomer of the cage became more favored relative to the other. As a consequence, the cage could be produced in an enantioselective manner. The tetrahedron is able to maintain its chirality after removal of the chiral guest-probably on account of the cooperative occurrence of intramolecular forces that restrict the intramolecular flipping of phenyl units in the cage framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiuqiong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
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25
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Vicent C, Martinez‐Agramunt V, Gandhi V, Larriba‐Andaluz C, Gusev DG, Peris E. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest‐Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) Universitat Jaume I Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12006 Castellón Spain
| | - Victor Martinez‐Agramunt
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering IUPUI Indianapolis IN 46206 USA
| | | | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Wilfrid Laurier University 75 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering IUPUI Indianapolis IN 46206 USA
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26
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Vicent C, Martinez‐Agramunt V, Gandhi V, Larriba‐Andaluz C, Gusev DG, Peris E. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest-Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15412-15417. [PMID: 33783064 PMCID: PMC8361979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of the tetracationic palladium metallosquare with four pyrene-bis-imidazolylidene ligands [1]4+ with a series of organic molecules was studied by Electrospray ionization Travelling Wave Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry (ESI TWIM-MS). The method allowed to determine the Collision Cross Sections (CCSs), which were used to assess the size changes experienced by the host upon encapsulation of the guest molecules. When fullerenes were used as guests, the host is expanded ΔCCS 13 Å2 and 23 Å2 , for C60 or C70 , respectively. The metallorectangle [1]4+ was also used for the encapsulation of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI), to form complexes of formula [(NTCDI)2 (PAH)@1]4+ . For these host:guest adducts, the ESI IM-MS studies revealed that [1]4+ is expanded by 47-49 Å2 .. The energy-minimized structures of [1]4+ , [C60 @1]4+ , [C70 @1]4+ , [(NTCDI)2 (corannulene)@1]4+ in the gas phase were obtained by DFT calculations.Introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC)Universitat Jaume IAvda. Sos Baynat s/n12006CastellónSpain
| | - Victor Martinez‐Agramunt
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n12071CastellónSpain
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringIUPUIIndianapolisIN46206USA
| | | | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryWilfrid Laurier University75 University Avenue WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3C5Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n12071CastellónSpain
- Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringIUPUIIndianapolisIN46206USA
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27
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Lloyd Williams OH, Rijs NJ. Reaction Monitoring and Structural Characterisation of Coordination Driven Self-Assembled Systems by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2021; 9:682743. [PMID: 34169059 PMCID: PMC8217442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.682743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature creates exquisite molecular assemblies, required for the molecular-level functions of life, via self-assembly. Understanding and harnessing these complex processes presents an immense opportunity for the design and fabrication of advanced functional materials. However, the significant industrial potential of self-assembly to fabricate highly functional materials is hampered by a lack of knowledge of critical reaction intermediates, mechanisms, and kinetics. As we move beyond the covalent synthetic regime, into the domain of non-covalent interactions occupied by self-assembly, harnessing and embracing complexity is a must, and non-targeted analyses of dynamic systems are becoming increasingly important. Coordination driven self-assembly is an important subtype of self-assembly that presents several wicked analytical challenges. These challenges are "wicked" due the very complexity desired confounding the analysis of products, intermediates, and pathways, therefore limiting reaction optimisation, tuning, and ultimately, utility. Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry solves many of the most challenging analytical problems in separating and analysing the structure of both simple and complex species formed via coordination driven self-assembly. Thus, due to the emerging importance of ion mobility mass spectrometry as an analytical technique tackling complex systems, this review highlights exciting recent applications. These include equilibrium monitoring, structural and dynamic analysis of previously analytically inaccessible complex interlinked structures and the process of self-sorting. The vast and largely untapped potential of ion mobility mass spectrometry to coordination driven self-assembly is yet to be fully realised. Therefore, we also propose where current analytical approaches can be built upon to allow for greater insight into the complexity and structural dynamics involved in self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole J. Rijs
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Polewski L, Springer A, Pagel K, Schalley CA. Gas-Phase Structural Analysis of Supramolecular Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2445-2456. [PMID: 33900743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry and gas-phase IR action spectroscopy are two structure-sensitive mass-spectrometric methods becoming more popular recently. While ion mobility spectrometry provides collision cross sections as a size and shape dependent parameter of an ion of interest, gas-phase spectroscopy identifies functional groups and is capable of distinguishing different isomers. Both methods have recently found application for the investigation of supramolecular assemblies. We here highlight several aspects.Starting with the characterization of switching states in azobenzene photoswitches as well as redox-switchable lasso-type pseudorotaxanes, structures of isomers can be distinguished and mechanistic details analyzed. Ion mobility mass spectrometry in combination with gas-phase H/D-exchange reactions unravels subtle structural details as described for the chiral recognition of crown ether amino acid complexes. Gas-phase IR spectroscopy allows identification of details of the binding patterns in dimeric amino acid clusters as well as the serine octamer. This research can be extended into the analysis of peptide assemblies that are of medical relevance, for example, in Alzheimer's disease, and into a general hydrophobicity scale for natural as well as synthetic amino acids. The development of ultracold gas-phase spectroscopy that for example makes use of ions trapped in liquid helium droplets provides access to very well resolved spectra. The combination of ion mobility separation of ions with subsequent spectroscopic analysis even permits separation of different isomers and studying them separately with respect to their structure. This represents a great advantage of these gas-phase methods over solution experiments, in which the supramolecular complexes under study typically equilibrate and thus prevent a separate investigation of different isomers. At the end of this overview, we will discuss larger and more complex supramolecules, among them giant halogen-bonded cages and complex intertwined topologies such as molecular knots and Solomon links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Polewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Springer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20-22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Serpell CJ, Park AY, Robinson CV, Beer PD. Imidazolium-based catenane host for bromide recognition in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:101-104. [PMID: 33337451 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06299e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel catenated system which is dense in cationic hydrogen bonding imidazolium units is described. The interlocked host system displays a preference for binding of bromide over other halides, overcoming basicity and Hofmeister trends, under aqueous conditions. This is the first example of an imidazolium-based catenane acting as an anion host through C-H hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
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30
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Wang Y, Lu S, Wang XQ, Niu YF, Wang H, Wang W. Synthesis, structure elucidation and functionalization of sulfonamide [2]catenanes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pyrene-functionalized [2]catenane with switchable optical output was constructed through a novel sulfonamide [2]catenane synthesized by a self-templation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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31
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32
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Zhu L, Li J, Yang J, Au-Yeung HY. Cross dehydrogenative C-O coupling catalysed by a catenane-coordinated copper(i). Chem Sci 2020; 11:13008-13014. [PMID: 34094485 PMCID: PMC8163234 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of copper(i) complexes supported by phenanthroline-containing catenane ligands towards a new C(sp3)–O dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is reported. As the phenanthrolines are interlocked by the strong and flexible mechanical bond in the catenane, the active catalyst with an open copper coordination site can be revealed only transiently and the stable, coordinatively saturated Cu(i) pre-catalyst is quickly regenerated after substrate transformation. Compared with a control Cu(i) complex supported by non-interlocked phenanthrolines, the catenane-supported Cu(i) is highly efficient with a broad substrate scope, and can be applied in gram-scale transformations without a significant loss of the catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the advantages of the catenane ligands that provide a dynamic and responsive copper coordination sphere, highlighting the potential of the mechanical bond as a design element in transition metal catalyst development. The use of a catenane-supported copper(i) complex for the cross dehydrogenative C–O coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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33
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Liu Y, Wu W, Hong S, Fang J, Zhang F, Liu G, Seo J, Zhang W. Lasso Proteins: Modular Design, Cellular Synthesis, and Topological Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Sumin Hong
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Geng‐Xin Liu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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34
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Abet V, Szczypiński FT, Little MA, Santolini V, Jones CD, Evans R, Wilson C, Wu X, Thorne MF, Bennison MJ, Cui P, Cooper AI, Jelfs KE, Slater AG. Inducing Social Self-Sorting in Organic Cages To Tune The Shape of The Internal Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16755-16763. [PMID: 32542926 PMCID: PMC7540416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many interesting target guest molecules have low symmetry, yet most methods for synthesising hosts result in highly symmetrical capsules. Methods of generating lower symmetry pores are thus required to maximise the binding affinity in host-guest complexes. Herein, we use mixtures of tetraaldehyde building blocks with cyclohexanediamine to access low-symmetry imine cages. Whether a low-energy cage is isolated can be correctly predicted from the thermodynamic preference observed in computational models. The stability of the observed structures depends on the geometrical match of the aldehyde building blocks. One bent aldehyde stands out as unable to assemble into high-symmetry cages-and the same aldehyde generates low-symmetry socially self-sorted cages when combined with a linear aldehyde. We exploit this finding to synthesise a family of low-symmetry cages containing heteroatoms, illustrating that pores of varying geometries and surface chemistries may be reliably accessed through computational prediction and self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Abet
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Filip T. Szczypiński
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Valentina Santolini
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Christopher D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied ScienceAston UniversityBirminghamB4 7ETUK
| | - Craig Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Michael F. Thorne
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Michael J. Bennison
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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35
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Liu Y, Wu WH, Hong S, Fang J, Zhang F, Liu GX, Seo J, Zhang WB. Lasso Proteins: Modular Design, Cellular Synthesis, and Topological Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19153-19161. [PMID: 32602613 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Entangled proteins have attracted significant research interest. Herein, we report the first rationally designed lasso proteins, or protein [1]rotaxanes, by using a p53dim-entwined dimer for intramolecular entanglement and a SpyTag-SpyCatcher reaction for side-chain ring closure. The lasso structures were confirmed by proteolytic digestion, mutation, NMR spectrometry, and controlled ligation. Their dynamic properties were probed by experiments such as end-capping, proteolytic digestion, and heating/cooling. As a versatile topological intermediate, a lasso protein could be converted to a rotaxane, a heterocatenane, and a "slide-ring" network. Being entirely genetically encoded, this robust and modular lasso-protein motif is a valuable addition to the topological protein repertoire and a promising candidate for protein-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Sumin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Xin Liu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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36
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Abet V, Szczypiński FT, Little MA, Santolini V, Jones CD, Evans R, Wilson C, Wu X, Thorne MF, Bennison MJ, Cui P, Cooper AI, Jelfs KE, Slater AG. Inducing Social Self‐Sorting in Organic Cages To Tune The Shape of The Internal Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Abet
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Filip T. Szczypiński
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Valentina Santolini
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Christopher D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied ScienceAston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Craig Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Michael F. Thorne
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Michael J. Bennison
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Innovation FactoryUniversity of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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37
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38
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Jiao T, Wu G, Zhang Y, Shen L, Lei Y, Wang C, Fahrenbach AC, Li H. Self‐Assembly in Water with N‐Substituted Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18350-18367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Libo Shen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Cai‐Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | | | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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39
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Wang L, Song B, Li Y, Gong L, Jiang X, Wang M, Lu S, Hao XQ, Xia Z, Zhang Y, Hla SW, Li X. Self-Assembly of Metallo-Supramolecules under Kinetic or Thermodynamic Control: Characterization of Positional Isomers Using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9809-9817. [PMID: 32311259 PMCID: PMC7375329 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly has been extensively employed to construct a variety of discrete structures as a bottom-up strategy. However, mechanistic understanding regarding whether self-assembly is under kinetic or thermodynamic control is less explored. To date, such mechanistic investigation has been limited to distinct, assembled structures. It still remains a formidable challenge to study the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of self-assembly systems with multiple assembled isomers due to the lack of characterization methods. Herein, we use a stepwise strategy which combined self-recognition and self-assembly processes to construct giant metallo-supramolecules with 8 positional isomers in solution. With the help of ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we were able to unambiguously differentiate 14 isomers on the substrate which correspond to 8 isomers in solution. Through measurement of 162 structures, the experimental probability of each isomer was obtained and compared with the theoretical probability. Such a comparison along with density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggested that although both kinetic and thermodynamic control existed in this self-assembly, the increased experimental probabilities of isomers compared to theoretical probabilities should be attributed to thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lele Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhenhai Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Saw Wai Hla
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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40
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Kunde T, Nieland E, Schröder HV, Schalley CA, Schmidt BM. A porous fluorinated organic [4+4] imine cage showing CO2 and H2 adsorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4761-4764. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01872d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first POC, containing perfluorinated aromatic panels forming quickly and in high purity, despite low preorganization encoded in the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Hendrik V. Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Arnimallee 20
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Arnimallee 20
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- Universitätsstraße 1
- D-40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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41
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17375-17382. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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42
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Ng AWH, Yee C, Au‐Yeung HY. Radial Hetero[5]catenanes: Peripheral Isomer Sequences of the Interlocked Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Wing Hung Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi‐Chung Yee
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au‐Yeung
- Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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